Abstract: In the real world, abstract concepts exist as ideas and thoughts, but they are not specific or concrete (easy to touch). Beauty, love, and memory are examples of abstractions, while cars, trees, and water are concrete objects. A summary of scientific papers, posters, and scientist lectures can help determine if delving into the details of the entire scientific paper will provide the desired information.
Antarctica: The continent, primarily covered in ice, is situated at the southernmost tip of the world.
The North Pole: Located within the Arctic Circle, the North Pole is defined as the northernmost point where the sun is visible on the north winter solstice, and the southernmost point where the midnight sun is visible on the north summer solstice. The Arctic Circle encompasses one third of the north and experiences snow year-round.
bedrock: Solid rock formations that lie beneath soil and other broken rocky materials on the surface of the Earth.
buoyancy: (n. buoyancy) an adjective describing something that can float or rise above a liquid or gas.
carbon dioxide: (or CO2) A colorless, odorless gas produced by all animals when they inhale oxygen and react it with the carbon-rich foods they eat. Carbon dioxide is emitted when organic matter is burned, such as fossil fuels like oil and gas.
Extremely cold: An adjective used to describe something located near or close to the Earth’s North Pole or Antarctica.
civil engineer: Engineers who design and construct buildings, tunnels, water systems, and other large-scale projects that enhance daily life.
climate: The prevailing weather conditions in a particular area over a long period of time.
Climate change: A significant long-term alteration in the global climate, which can arise naturally or in response to human activities like burning fossil fuels or deforestation.
Coral: Marine animals that typically have hard, stone exoskeletons and tend to inhabit coral reefs (made up of the exoskeletons of deceased ancestor corals).
the current: Liquids like water or air that flow in a specific direction.
Develop: To come into being naturally or through human intervention, such as through manufacturing.
engineering: A field of research that employs mathematics and science to solve practical problems. Individuals who work in this field are called engineers.
Entrepreneur: People who take initiative to establish businesses and other ventures, often taking risks with the expectation of a potential reward.
environment: The surroundings in which living organisms exist, including the processes and conditions they create. The environment can refer to the weather and ecosystem where certain animals live, or the temperature and humidity (or position of objects near the item of interest).
Fields: Research field: Her research field is biology. It also refers to the real-world environments where various research is conducted, such as oceans, forests, mountain peaks, and urban areas. This contrasts with artificial environments like laboratories.
Fjord: A long, narrow inlet with steep sides created in a valley carved by glacial activity.
Soccer Field: A field where athletes play American football. Due to its size and scale, many use this field as a measure of comparison for other objects or spaces. A regulation field (including the end zone) measures 360 feet in length (almost 110 meters) and 160 feet in width (almost 49 meters).
friction: The resistance encountered when one surface or object moves against another material (such as a liquid or gas). Friction often generates heat and can cause damage to surfaces when they rub against each other.
Glacier: A slow-moving river of ice spanning hundreds or thousands of meters. Glaciers are found in mountain valleys and also have ice sheet sections.
Glacierology: A scientific field that focuses on glaciers and their impact on the Earth and the environment. Those working in this field are known as glaciologists.
graduate student: Individuals pursuing advanced degrees through coursework and research, typically after earning a bachelor’s degree.
ice sheet: A broad expanse of ice, often several kilometers thick. Currently, ice sheets cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. During the last ice age, ice sheets also extended over much of North America and Europe.
Icebreaker: A large, powerful vessel designed to break through polar ice or major ice floes to facilitate the passage of other ships without damaging their hulls.
kelp: A type of large seaweed, usually a brown algae. They grow underwater, forming large forests and providing habitats for numerous marine organisms. Some kelp forests are extensive and visible from space.
Crill: Small shrimp-like creatures inhabiting the seas, serving as a primary food source for some whales.
Marines: Related to the marine world and environment.
Microplastics: Tiny particles of plastic, 5mm (0.2 inches) or smaller in size. Microplastics may be produced in small sizes, or result from the breakdown of larger plastic items like water bottles or bags.
Molluscs: Soft-bodied invertebrates that typically live in water and develop hard shells for protection. Examples include snails, shellfish (such as clams and oysters), slugs, octopuses, and squids.
novel: Innovative or unusual, presenting something new and different as if never seen before. In literature, it refers to a work of fiction.
Atomic Power: Energy derived from generating heat through splitting the nucleus of an atom (nuclear fission) or forcing nuclei together (fusion). Nuclear power plants use this heat to drive turbines that produce electricity.
Pier: An equal individual based on factors like age, education, status, training, or other characteristics.
penguin: A flightless bird with black and white plumage native to the southern hemisphere, particularly Antarctica and nearby islands.
Permafrost: Soil that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years, usually found in polar climates where average temperatures are near or below freezing.
Physicist: A scientist specializing in the study of the properties and behaviors of matter and energy.
plankton: (plankton) Small organisms mostly drifting or floating in the ocean. Plankton can range from microscopic to the size of fleas, with some being animal-like and others plant-like. Although individual plankton are tiny, they often form massive colonies, numbering in the billions. The blue whale, the largest animal on Earth, feeds on plankton.
Power Station: Industrial facilities for electricity generation.
Untouched: An adjective describing something in its original or nearly original state, conveying a sense of preservation or lack of alteration.
Reminiscence: Recall of past events or memories.
salt: A compound formed by combining an acid with a base, with many different salts occurring naturally, such as sea salt. Common table salt is made up of sodium and chloride.
satellite: A moon orbiting planets or human-made objects in space that orbit celestial bodies.
sea: The ocean or a section of it. Seawater, unlike freshwater from lakes and rivers, contains salt.
Seawater: Saltwater found in the ocean.
Side effects: Unintended problems or harm resulting from a procedure or treatment.
sponge: An item that absorbs and holds liquids and other materials until they are squeezed out or removed by other means. In biology, a sponge refers to a primitive aquatic animal with a soft, porous body.
standard: A benchmark value or material used for comparison in research.
strategy: Careful and intelligent planning to achieve challenging goals.
Under the Glacier: Located beneath a glacier, describing a position relative to the icy structure.
trough: A channel, gully, or depression in the land where liquids can accumulate. It can also refer to a container with a U-shaped bottom for feeding or watering animals. In physics, trough is the bottom or low point of a wave.
Turbulence: A state of chaotic and swirling airflow. Airplanes encountering turbulence during flights can lead to bumpy rides for passengers.
Source: www.snexplores.org