Smartphone data could lead to improved GPS accuracy through ionosphere maps

atmosphere: The gas surrounding the Earth, an envelope of another planet or moon.

atom: The basic unit of chemical elements. Atoms are composed of dense nuclei containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The nucleus is orbited by clouds of negatively charged electrons.

colleague: Someone who works with another person. A colleague or team member.

Crowdsourcing: A term coined in 2005 for the collection of data from large communities of volunteers – often on the Internet. For example, these volunteers may collect information intentionally (such as data on cloud covering, the appearance of certain butterflies, and recording of calls to certain birds). They then send the data to some researchers. Alternatively, an app downloaded to someone’s phone can regularly collect light, vibration, or other information regularly and automatically, and communicate it to researchers via the internet.

data: The facts and/or statistics collected together for analysis are not necessarily organized in a way that gives them meaning. For digital information (types stored by computers), these data are typically numbers stored in binary codes drawn as strings of zeros.

density: A measure of how some objects are condensed by dividing their mass by their volume.

Confusing: (n.indruption) Put something apart. Suspends normal operation of something. Or throw some normal organization (or order) in disorder.

distort: (n. distorter) Change the shape or image of something in a way that makes it difficult to recognize or change the recognition or characteristics of something (misleading).

Electronic: Negatively charged particles that normally orbit the outer region of an atom. Also, electrical carriers in solids.

engineer: People who use science and mathematics to solve problems. As a verb, an engineer means designing a device, material, or process that solves some problems or unmet needs.

Unstable: Patterns that look irregular and unpredictable.

GPS: Abbreviation for a global positioning system that uses devices to calculate the position of an individual or thing (in terms of latitude, longitude, and altitude) from anywhere in the ground or in the air. The device does this by comparing the time the signals from different satellites need.

ionosphere: The Earth’s atmosphere layers are 75km and 1,000km (47 and 620 miles) above the Earth’s surface. Absorbs the sun’s harmful extreme ultraviolet rays. That energy strips electrons from atoms and molecules, creating a zone filled with free floating ions. The share of ions present here affects the radios and other signals passing through it.

molecule: An electrically neutral group of atoms representing the amount of a possible amount of a compound. Molecules can be made of a single type of atom or of different types. For example, oxygen in the air is made up of two oxygen atoms (o₂), but water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H₂o).

monitor: Test, sample, or watch something, especially regularly or continuously.

network: An interconnected group of people or things. (v.) Chat them by doing things that connect with other people (artists, business leaders, medical support groups, etc.) who work in a particular field or do similar things, often by going to the place where such people are expected to be. (n. Networking)

particle: The amount of something.

planet: A large celestial object that orbits a star but unlike a star, it does not produce visible light.

radiation: One of the three main ways energy is transferred (in physics). (The other two are conduction and convection.) In radiation, electromagnetic waves carry energy from one place to another. Unlike conduction and convection, which require materials to help transfer energy, radiation can transfer energy across vacant spaces.

wirelessSee the radio waves, or the device that receives these transmissions. Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum that people often use for long distance communications. Radio waves longer than visible light waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. It is also used on radar. Also, many astronomical objects emit a portion of their energy as radio waves.

Radio waves: Part of the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. These are the types people currently use for long distance communication. Radio waves longer than visible light waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. It is also used on radar.

range: The complete range or distribution of something. For example, a range of plants and animals is a natural area. (for mathematics or measurements) the range in which the value can change (for example, the highest to lowest temperature). Also, the distance that can be reached or perceived to something.

satellite: A moon orbiting planets or vehicles or other manufactured objects in space orbiting celestial bodies, orbiting planets or vehicles or other manufactured objects.

sensor: Store or broadcast the device that picks up information about physical or chemical conditions such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, salinity, humidity, pH, light intensity or radiation. Scientists and engineers often rely on sensors to notify you of conditions that may change over time or that are far from where researchers can directly measure.

Smartphone: A cell (or mobile) phone that can perform many functions, such as searching for information on the Internet.

solar:Related to the sun or the radiation it emits. It comes from SolLatin for the sun.

Space weather: Atmospheric conditions above Earth that can affect solar wind, solar wind, and technology on Earth and put human health at risk. These weather events are caused by the plasma or solar wind flow released by the sun. Additionally, there is a cloud of material that is expelled into the sun, known as coronal mass excretion. Together, these can contribute to the large magnetic and electrical storms of the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

system: A network of components that work together works to achieve some function. For example, blood, blood vessels, and heart are the main components of the human body’s circulation. Similarly, trains, platforms, trucks, road signals and overpasses are one of the potential components of the country’s railway system. The system can also be applied to processes or ideas that are part of a method for performing a task or an ordered set of steps.

wave: An disturbance or variation that moves through space or problems in a normal, vibrating way.

weather: Local locations and atmospheric conditions at a specific time. It is usually explained in terms of specific characteristics such as air pressure, humidity, moisture, precipitation (rain, snow or ice), temperature, and wind speed. Weather constitutes the actual conditions that occur anytime, anywhere. It is a description of conditions that differ from climate and tend to occur in some common area during a particular month or season.