atmosphere: An envelope of gas surrounding the Earth, another planet, or the Moon.
atom: Basic unit of chemical elements. Atoms consist of a dense nucleus containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is orbited by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
hook up: (in chemistry) a semi-permanent bond between atoms (or groups of atoms) within a molecule. It is formed by the attractive forces between the atoms involved. When combined, atoms function as one unit. To separate the constituent atoms, energy must be supplied to the molecules in the form of heat or other types of radiation.
carbon dioxide: (or C.O.2) A colorless, odorless gas produced by all animals when the oxygen they breathe reacts with the carbon-rich food they eat. Carbon dioxide is also released when organic materials (including fossil fuels such as oil and gas) are burned. Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. Plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen during photosynthesis. This process is used to make their own food.
Carbon monoxide: A poisonous gas containing one carbon atom and one oxygen atom in its molecule. (The “mono” in “monoxide” is a Greek prefix meaning “one.”) One common source is the combustion of fossil fuels.
chemical bond: An attractive force between atoms that is strong enough to cause the combined elements to function as a single unit. Some gravitational forces are weak, while others are very strong. All bonds appear to hold atoms together through the sharing or attempted sharing of electrons.
chlorine: Chemical element with the scientific symbol Cl. It is also sometimes used to kill bacteria in water. Compounds containing chlorine are called chlorides.
climate: In general, weather conditions that normally exist in an area or over a long period of time.
concentration: (in chemistry) A measurement that shows how much one substance is dissolved in another substance.
dairy products: Anything that contains milk or is related to cows or milk. or any building or company prepared for the distribution and sale of milk.
Spread: adjective) To spread thinly over a wide area. Not concise or focused. (v) The scattering of light or the emission of some substance over a large area through a liquid (such as water or air) or some surface (such as a membrane).
dilute: To make something dilute or less concentrated by adding liquid.
disinfect: To cleanse an area by killing dangerous infectious microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria.
melt: Turning a solid into a liquid and dispersing it in the raw liquid. (For example, solid sugar or salt crystals dissolve in water. Now the crystals have disappeared and the solution is a mixture of liquid sugar or salt completely dispersed in water.)
electricity: A flow of charge that results from the movement of negatively charged particles, usually called electrons.
electronic:Negatively charged particles. It is usually seen orbiting the outer region of the atom. Also, a conductor of electricity within a solid body.
element: A component of a larger structure. The smallest unit of each of the more than 100 substances (in chemistry) is one atom. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, lithium, and uranium.
engineer: A person who uses science and mathematics to solve problems. As a verb, “engineering” means to design a device, material, or process that solves some problem or unmet need.
filter: (n.) Something that, based on size or other characteristics, can pass through some substances but not others. (v.) The process of sorting some things out on the basis of their properties, such as size, density, or charge. (in physics) a screen, plate, or layer of material that absorbs light or other radiation, or selectively prevents the transmission of some of its components.
Fuel cell: A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The most common fuel is hydrogen, which emits only water vapor as a byproduct.
global warming: A gradual increase in the temperature of the entire Earth's atmosphere due to the greenhouse effect. This effect is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other gases in the air, many of which are emitted by human activities.
green: (in chemistry and environmental science) an adjective that describes a product or process that causes little or no harm to living organisms or the environment.
greenhouse gas: A gas that absorbs heat and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is an example of a greenhouse gas.
hydrochloric acid: A strong corrosive acid produced when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water. The human intestine produces a dilute solution of this to break down food.
hydrogen:The lightest element in the universe. As a gas, it is colorless, odorless, and highly flammable. It is an essential part of many of the fuels, fats, and chemicals that make up living tissues. It consists of a single proton (acting as the atomic nucleus) orbited by a single electron.
landfill: A site where trash is dumped and covered with dirt to reduce odors. If not lined with impermeable materials, rain washing down these waste sites can leach toxic materials and carry them downstream or into groundwater. Because the trash at these facilities is covered in dirt, the waste doesn't have ready access to sunlight or microorganisms that can help it decompose. As a result, even newspapers sent to landfills may not break down for decades.
guided: (Abbreviation for Light Emitting Diode) As the name suggests, an electronic component that emits light when electricity is passed through it. LEDs are very energy efficient and often very bright. Nowadays, household and commercial lamps are used to replace traditional lighting.
livestock: Animals raised for meat and dairy products, such as cows, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, and geese.
fertilizer: Livestock feces or feces. Fertilizer can be used to fertilize the land.
methane: Hydrocarbon with chemical formula CHFour (Means 4 hydrogen atoms bonded to one carbon atom). It is a natural component of so-called natural gas. It is also released by the decomposition of plant matter in wetlands and belched by cows and other ruminants. From a climate perspective, methane is 80 times more effective at trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere than carbon dioxide, making it a very important greenhouse gas.
molecule: An electrically neutral group of atoms that represents the smallest possible amount of a compound. Molecules can be made up of a single type of atom or different types of atoms. For example, oxygen in air has two oxygen atoms (O2) However, water has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2oh).
Natural gas: A mixture of gases (often associated with crude oil) that has developed underground over millions of years. Most natural gas starts out as 50 to 90 percent methane with small amounts of heavy hydrocarbons such as propane and butane.
permafrost: Soil that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. This situation typically occurs in polar climates where the average annual temperature remains near or below freezing.
physically: (adjective) A term used to describe something that exists in the real world rather than in memory or imagination. It can also refer to properties of a material due to size or non-chemical interactions (such as when one block collides with another block with force).
crush: To completely suppress, destroy, neutralize, or eliminate.
radical: (in chemistry) a molecule with one or more unpaired external electrons. Radicals readily participate in chemical reactions. The body produces radicals as one of the ways it kills cells, allowing it to eliminate damaged cells and infectious microorganisms.
reactive: (in chemistry) the tendency of substances to participate in chemical processes known as reactions, leading to new chemicals or changes to existing chemicals.
salt: A compound made by combining an acid and a base (this reaction also produces water). The sea contains a variety of salts, collectively called “sea salt.” Common table salt is made up of sodium and chlorine.
sodium: A soft, silvery metallic element that interacts explosively when added to water. It is also the basic building block of common salt (the molecule consists of one sodium atom and one chlorine atom: NaCl). It is also found in sea salt.
system: A network of parts that work together to accomplish some function. For example, blood, blood vessels, and the heart are the main components of the human body's circulatory system. Similarly, trains, platforms, tracks, road signals, and elevated tracks are among the potential components of a country's railway system. Systems can also apply to processes and ideas that are part of a method or ordered sequence of steps for completing a task.
technology: The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, or the devices, processes, and systems resulting from such efforts.
ultraviolet light: A part of the light spectrum that is close to violet but invisible to the human eye.
ventilation: A system of supplying fresh air to a room, or a process of moving air around and between different rooms.
Source: www.snexplores.org
