This summer, there has been an alarming increase in heatstroke deaths worldwide. According to a recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, extreme heat is occurring more frequently and lasting longer. This is impacting a larger number of people. Why is this happening, and how can you recognize if your loved ones are at risk?
What occurs in our bodies when our temperature rises?
Heat stress is caused by an accumulation of heat in the body due to physical exertion or environmental stressors. It is influenced by various factors like solar radiation, air temperature, and humidity. Individuals’ acclimatization, type of work, physical activity levels, and clothing also play a role.
Humans are warm-blooded animals, meaning their internal temperature should remain around 37° C. If the internal temperature reaches around 42° C, vital organs can cease functioning, leading to severe consequences. Extreme heat can be fatal due to decreased blood flow and organ damage.
Individuals at highest risk for heat-related illnesses are those with limited thermoregulation ability, such as infants, elderly individuals, those with chronic illnesses, pregnant women, and outdoor workers.
What is heat stroke?
Heat stroke occurs in individuals under high heat stress who start feeling unwell. Various heat stroke types like “heat syncope,” “thermal tetany,” heat cramps, and heat exhaustion often coincide with dehydration. Another common type is heat stroke, which can be exertional or classic.
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What to do if someone is experiencing heat stroke?
If an individual faints or struggles to breathe, seek medical help immediately. If conscious but feeling unwell or overheated, cool and hydrate them promptly. The most effective method is immersing in cold water, but caution is advised with extremely cold water.
If full immersion isn’t possible, cooling feet, hands, neck, and face can help. Replenish lost fluids and minerals with sports drinks.
How to prevent heat stroke?
Preventing heat stroke is key. Authorities issue alerts during extreme heat and develop prevention plans. Tips include staying indoors during peak heat hours, staying hydrated, and using cooling methods like cold showers. Opening windows for airflow and using fans can also help.
Vulnerable populations, like the elderly and babies, need special care. For babies, using a damp cloth and fan in the stroller is better than a blanket. A study found this method effective in avoiding heat.
Will the situation worsen?
While climate change leads to more extreme heat events, measures to prevent heatstroke are advancing. Detailed plans are in place, but more proactive steps are needed. Cooling centers, forecasts, and urban planning can mitigate risks. Ultimately, moving towards net zero emissions is crucial to prevent extreme heat escalation.
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Source: www.sciencefocus.com
