atmosphere: The outer layer of gas that surrounds Earth or another planet or moon.
atom: The basic unit of a chemical element. An atom consists of a dense nucleus containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. A cloud of negatively charged electrons orbits the nucleus.
chemicals: A substance formed by the combination of two or more atoms in a certain ratio and structure. For example, water is a chemical formed by two hydrogen atoms combined with one oxygen atom. Its chemical formula is H2O. Chemical can also be used as an adjective to describe the properties of substances that result from various reactions between different compounds.
Chemical reaction: A process that involves a rearrangement of the molecules or structure of a substance rather than a change in physical form (such as from solid to gas).
Chemistry: The branch of science that deals with the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of matter. Scientists use this knowledge to study unknown substances, to reproduce useful substances in large quantities, and to design and create new, useful substances. (About compounds) Chemistry is also used as a term to refer to the recipe for a compound, how to make it, or some of its properties. People who work in this field are called chemists.
copper: A metallic chemical element in the same family as silver and gold. It is a good conductor of electricity and is therefore widely used in electronic devices.
current: A fluid, such as water or air, that moves in a discernible direction. (In electricity) The flow of electricity or the amount of charge that passes through some material over a particular period of time.
electricity: A flow of electric charge, usually caused by the movement of negatively charged particles called electrons.
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that usually orbit the outer regions of atoms and are also carriers of electricity in solids.
element: A building block of a larger structure. (In chemistry) Any of over 100 substances whose smallest unit is a single atom. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, lithium, and uranium.
ion: (adjective: ionized) An atom or molecule that has become electrically charged by the loss or gain of one or more electrons. An ionized gas, or plasma, is one in which all electrons have been separated from their parent atoms.
neutron: A subatomic particle with no electric charge, one of the basic elements of matter. Neutrons belong to a group of particles called hadrons.
nitrogen: A colorless, odorless, non-reactive gaseous element that makes up about 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere. Its scientific symbol is N. Nitrogen is released in the form of nitrogen oxides when fossil fuels are burned. Nitrogen exists in two stable forms. Both have 14 protons in their nuclei. However, one has 14 neutrons in its nucleus and the other has 15 neutrons. This difference is why they are called nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 (or nitrogen-15), respectively. 14N and 15N).
Nuclear: The plural is nuclei. (physics) The central nucleus of an atom, which makes up most of its mass.
particle: A trace of something.
proton: A subatomic particle that is one of the basic building blocks of atoms that make up matter. Protons belong to a group of particles called hadrons.
semiconductor: A material that can conduct electricity. Semiconductors are important parts of certain new electronic technologies such as computer chips and light-emitting diodes.
sodium: A soft, silvery metallic element that reacts explosively when added to water. It is also a basic component of table salt (a molecule of table salt consists of one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine: NaCl), and is also found in sea salt.
spectrum: (plural: spectrum) a range of related things occurring in a certain order; (in light and energy) the range of types of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from gamma rays to X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared energy, microwaves, and radio waves.
wavelength: The distance between the crests or troughs of a series of waves. It is also one of the “standards” used to measure radiation. Visible light, like all electromagnetic radiation, travels as waves and includes wavelengths from about 380 nanometers (violet) to about 740 nanometers (red). Radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light includes gamma rays, x-rays, and ultraviolet radiation. Radiation with longer wavelengths includes infrared, microwaves, and radio waves.
Source: www.snexplores.org
