Chemicals: A chemical is a substance formed by the combination of two or more atoms in a specific ratio and structure. For example, water is a chemical compound formed by two hydrogen atoms combining with one oxygen atom, giving it the chemical formula H2O. Chemical can also be used as an adjective to describe the properties of substances resulting from reactions between different compounds.
Chemical Reaction: A chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecules or structure of a substance rather than a change in physical form (such as from solid to gas).
Chemistry: Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of matter. Scientists use this knowledge to study unknown substances, reproduce useful substances in large quantities, and design and create new, useful substances. Chemistry is also used to refer to the recipe for a compound, how to make it, or some of its properties. Individuals working in this field are known as chemists.
Crater: A crater is a large, bowl-shaped cavity on the ground or surface of a planet or moon, usually caused by an explosion or the impact of a celestial body such as a meteorite. Such impacts are sometimes referred to as cratering events.
Crystal: A crystal is a solid consisting of a symmetrical, ordered three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules. Most minerals have this organized structure; for example, apatite forms hexagonal crystals. The crystalline components of rocks are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Extraterrestrial: Extraterrestrial (ET) refers to something in or from an extraterrestrial region.
Grand Canyon: The Grand Canyon is a natural canyon in northwestern Arizona that was carved into the rock by the Colorado River over a period of 5 to 6 million years. The canyon is 446 kilometers (277 miles) long and varies in depth, with the river reaching 1,829 meters (6,000 feet) vertically below the upper rim at its deepest point.
Host: In biology and medicine, a host is an organism or environment in which something else lives. Humans can be temporary hosts for food poisoning bacteria and other infectious agents. The act of providing a home or environment for something is also referred to as hosting.
Inclusion: In geology, an inclusion is something trapped within a mineral.
Iron: Iron is a metallic element commonly found in minerals in the Earth’s crust and hot core. It is also present in space dust and many meteorites.
Magma: Magma is molten rock found beneath the Earth’s crust. When it erupts from a volcano, the material is called lava.
Mars: Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, located just one planet away from Earth. Like Earth, Mars has seasons and humidity, but its diameter is only about half that of Earth.
Microorganisms: Microorganisms, or microorganisms, are organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, some fungi, amoebas, and many other organisms. Most microorganisms are made up of a single cell.
Mineral: A mineral is a crystal-forming substance that makes up rocks, such as quartz, apatite, and various carbonates. Most rocks contain a mixture of several different minerals, which are solid and stable at room temperature with a specific formula, composition, and crystal structure.
Molecule: A molecule is a group of electrically neutral atoms representing the smallest amount of a chemical compound. Molecules can be made up of a single type of atom or different types of atoms.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Founded in 1958, NASA is a U.S. agency that has been a pioneer in space research and public interest in space exploration.
Organic: Organic is an adjective indicating that something contains carbon, or it can relate to the basic chemicals that make up living things. In agriculture, organic refers to produce grown without the use of unnatural and potentially toxic chemicals such as pesticides.
Patience: Patience is the ability to continue trying to accomplish something even when it is difficult.
Phosphoric Acid: Phosphoric acid is a chemical compound containing one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms, and is found in bones, hard tooth enamel, and minerals such as apatite.
Robot: A robot is a machine that can sense its surrounding environment, process information, and respond with specific actions. Some robots can operate without human input, while others follow human instructions.
Sulfate: Sulfate is a group of compounds related to sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and occurs naturally in drinking water.
Vein: In geology, a vein is a mineral or deposit in a rock that usually occurs over a long distance and may contain enough of the material to be worth extracting, such as a silver vein.
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