Artemis II Astronauts Experience Moon’s Gravity: Stronger Than Earth’s Pull

The Artemis II astronauts—Reed Wiseman, Christina Koch, Victor Glover, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen—began their Sunday with a special wake-up message from Apollo 16 astronaut Charlie Duke.

“John Young and I landed on the moon in 1972 with a lunar module we named Orion,” Duke shared in a recorded message. “It’s exciting to see a new kind of Orion leading the way for humans to return to the moon.”

The astronauts tested newly designed spacesuits for this flight, essential for both launch and emergency situations.

Orange spacesuits are worn during launch and can provide a breathable atmosphere for up to six days in case the Orion capsule loses pressurization, as highlighted by NASA.

The Orion spacecraft conducted a crucial 14-second engine burn on Sunday to maintain an accurate orbit around the moon. Although correction burns were planned for other dates, this was the first time one was required since leaving Earth’s orbit.

“Orion demonstrated a precise orbit, so the initial two corrections were unnecessary,” Henfling explained.

The crew will orbit the moon on Monday, reaching an approximate distance of 452,760 miles from Earth, a new record for human distances traveled from home. They are poised to surpass the Apollo 13 crew’s record of 248,655 miles.

During their lunar flyby, Wiseman, Koch, Glover, and Hansen will dedicate about seven hours to observing and photographing the moon, starting at 2:45 p.m. ET. They will explore never-before-seen areas of the moon’s surface.

NASA will deliver live coverage of the flyby starting at 1 p.m. ET.

NASA estimates the Orion spacecraft will reach a distance of 4,070 miles from the moon’s surface at its closest approach around 7 p.m. ET.

The astronauts will utilize two Nikon D5 cameras and one Nikon Z9 camera to capture stunning imagery during their mission.

Focusing on 30 scientific objectives, crew members will investigate the Oriental Basin, a 3.8 billion-year-old crater formed by a large impactor. The approximately 600-mile-wide basins on both sides of the moon harbor geological features that provide insight into ancient impacts, as per NASA.

The crew will also examine the Hertzsprung basin located on the moon’s far side. Unlike the well-preserved Oriental Basin, the 400-mile-wide crater showcases features affected by subsequent lunar impacts, providing a unique opportunity to compare lunar topographical changes over time.

To guide their observations, the crew will employ advanced software tools designed for scientific targets.

Kelsey Young, Artemis II’s lunar science director, noted the busy schedule but emphasized the need for flexibility. “They are scientists on a mission and are encouraged to deviate from the agenda if something compelling captures their attention,” she stated.

Towards the end of their lunar viewing period, astronauts will witness a solar eclipse lasting approximately one hour from their vantage point in space. This eclipse will begin at 8:35 PM ET, obstructing light from the Orion capsule’s perspective.

During this time, the moon will appear predominantly dark, offering astronauts the chance to observe the sun’s corona and detect flashes from meteoroids impacting the lunar surface.

Astronauts will also photograph other visible planets during the eclipse, including Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Saturn, as mentioned by Young.

“This crew stands at the forefront of lunar exploration, with the unparalleled opportunity to view the moon from a unique perspective,” she added.

“This is exploration,” Young concluded. “We have received valuable data from orbiting spacecraft, but these subtle observations are what we truly need to uncover new discoveries.”