The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, one of NASA’s advanced space telescopes, faces a critical situation, as its mission to save and extend its operational life has commenced. Currently on a path to return to Earth in a few months, a successful rescue could allow it to continue its astronomical observations for many more years.

Like all satellites, Swift is experiencing orbital decay, having been launched in 2004. Originally at an altitude of around 600 kilometers, it now hovers at just 375 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Recent solar flares intensified atmospheric drag, causing this unexpected decline in altitude.

NASA sought innovative solutions to keep the Swift operational, ultimately selecting a plan proposed by Catalyst Space Technologies, a small startup in Arizona, aimed at enhancing the observatory’s orbit.

This ambitious rescue mission involves a satellite named Link, equipped with three robotic arms designed to securely grasp Swift and elevate it back to safety. Though Link measures less than two meters tall and is about one-third the size of Swift, its large solar panels are well-equipped to power the necessary thrusters and grappling arm.

Launched on July 3 atop a Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket, Link represents the final mission for this rocket before its retirement. Over the next two months, it will secure Swift and gradually elevate it for several weeks of testing in space before releasing it at its original altitude. If successful, this operation could extend Swift’s operational lifespan by up to 10 years.

Initially designed to study gamma-ray bursts—the most powerful explosions in the universe—Swift has detected approximately 1,800 of these events and made significant discoveries concerning other celestial phenomena, including comets, planets, supernovae, and black holes.

While the orbital boost will allow for continued observations, it will also serve as a pivotal demonstration of how to potentially salvage space telescopes. “Swift was never intended for servicing,” stated Ghonhee Lee, CEO of Katalyst. According to a statement, “By showing that rapid and economical life extension is possible, we are establishing a prototype for servicing spacecraft not designed for in-orbit maintenance.” This approach could present a cost-effective method for prolonging the lifespan of other satellites, including the Hubble Space Telescope, which is projected to cease operations in the 2030s unless proactive measures are taken.