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# Rewrite:

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC): Upgrading to Increase Collision Rates

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a massive structure spanning 27 km and relies on a variety of magnets, including dipoles, quadrupoles, hexapoles, octopoles, and decapoles, to control particle beams. Each type of magnet plays a specific role in steering and focusing the particles.

One crucial set of magnets, known as internal triplets, plays a key role in focusing particle beams just before collisions occur inside the detector. By maximizing beam compression, the likelihood of collisions increases, leading to a higher luminosity and more data for researchers to analyze.

Preparing for the Future with High Luminosity LHC

The High Luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC) project involves replacing the existing internal triplets with a new generation of magnets to enhance luminosity and collision rates. The process of replacing these magnets will occur during the third long term shutdown (LS3), marking a significant milestone in the upgrade process.

With the introduction of a new inner triplet using niobium-tin superconducting coils, the magnetic field strength can reach up to 11.3 Tesla, a 40% increase compared to the current magnets. This upgrade will be essential for improving collision rates around the ATLAS and CMS experiments.

Transitioning to the New Generation

CERN’s teams have already started the process of dismantling the existing superconducting magnets to make way for the new equipment. This marks the end of an era for the hardware that has been part of the LHC since its construction.

“The replacement of the current internal triplets with a new generation of more powerful magnets is a significant milestone for CERN and the HiLumi LHC project team. After almost 20 years of operation, the transition to the new equipment is a testament to the continuous innovation and advancement in particle physics,” said Markus Zellerlaus, the leader of the LHC project.

Source: www.sciencedaily.com