Our beloved dogs have been part of our lives for thousands of years. While they may not speak our language, they communicate extensively through tail wags, ear flicks, and expressive eyebrows. Understanding these signals can deepen the bond between you and your canine companion.

Many pet owners believe they know their dogs inside and out. However, research indicates that dogs are often better at reading our body language than we are at interpreting theirs.

To decode the intricacies of canine communication, we consulted animal behavior specialist Dr. Zazie Todd. From their tails to paws, she elucidates the hidden meanings behind your dog’s movements.

How to Read a Dog’s Facial Expressions

Just as we scrutinize each other’s faces for understanding, can we access our dogs’ thoughts similarly? According to Todd, “Some dogs are more expressive, while others, due to their facial structure, display fewer emotions. It’s beneficial to anthropomorphize with caution to gain insight into what your dog may be feeling.”

A relaxed jaw and slightly open mouth is akin to a dog’s version of a “smile”, indicating calmness, while exposing teeth can signal discomfort or the need for personal space.

Contrarily, a dog displaying its teeth may indicate discomfort, signaling you to back off. Todd adds that the so-called “guilty look” dogs give after a mischievous act may not mean what you think.

A 2009 study published in Behavioral Processes showed that dogs often respond based on their perception of whether they could be in trouble, rather than a true understanding of guilt.

This information highlights an essential difference in dog psychology. However, eye contact remains significant; a dog that trusts you will maintain eye contact, while a scared dog may avoid it.

Furthermore, dogs use their ears to express emotions. Ears up and forward indicate interest, while ears pinned back often suggest anxiety. While floppy-eared dogs might not express this as clearly, a forward tilt can still indicate curiosity.

Read More:

How to Tell if Your Dog is Stressed

Todd points out that while happy dogs are easy to read—think wide tail wags—recognizing stress signals can be trickier. “We often misinterpret behaviors because we assume they mean something else.”

For example, a yawn doesn’t always signify sleepiness; research shows it can indicate fear. A 2017 study found that yawn may indicate anxiety when approached by strangers.

Licking lips can signal discomfort or distaste for a situation rather than hunger, emphasizing the importance of context. Other signs of stress include moving away, sniffing the ground, shaking, and leg lifting.

How to Read a Dog’s Posture

Understanding dog posture can be straightforward. A hunched, low body may indicate fear, while a stiff body with raised hackles shows aggression. Alternatively, a “play bow”, where a dog stretches with its front legs down while raising its rear, signals a desire to play.

Understanding Dog Tail Wagging

Despite losing tails millions of years ago, dogs use theirs for numerous purposes, including balance, communication, and social signaling. Their tails play an essential role in conveying emotions.

A loose, wild wag usually indicates happiness, while a tight, vertical tail may suggest discomfort or stress. Paying attention to the direction of the wag can also provide insights; studies found that happy dogs tend to wag to the right.

How to Understand Barks and Growls

While some dogs use soundboards, most rely on barks, growls, and whines to communicate. Todd notes that different vocalizations can be parsed into categories based on context and emotional state.

A 2017 study highlighted that dogs may use growls to communicate their size and intent accurately. In contrast, growls during play may exaggerate aggressiveness, allowing dogs to express themselves without causing harm.

Participants in the study were surprisingly accurate in interpreting growls, especially women and seasoned dog owners. Dogs, conversely, are adept at distinguishing between various vocalizations, understanding the nuances that humans may miss.

Read More: