The movement against vaccines has gained significant traction in the US, prompting Florida officials to repeal all vaccine mandates, including those for schoolchildren. This decision may inspire similar actions in other states, potentially leading to a resurgence of long-eradicated pediatric diseases.

“If I were a virus, I would celebrate right now,” stated Cynthia Leifer from Cornell University in New York. “The potential elimination of all vaccine mandates in Florida could allow diseases that have been controlled for years to rear their heads again.”

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, the anti-vaccine movement has solidified its presence in the United States, with Florida being a prime example. In 2022, it was the first state to recommend Covid-19 mRNA vaccinations for most children, later expanding that guidance to include all individuals. Now, it might become the first state to entirely abolish vaccine mandates.

The announcement came from Joseph Ladapo, the state’s chief public health officer, on September 3. “This last mandate is fundamentally flawed,” he stated.

Like all states, Florida mandates certain vaccinations for children before they can enroll in school. However, under the authority of the Florida Department of Health led by Ladapo, there is considerable power to delegate vaccine requirements in schools. Ultimately, only state lawmakers can lift all vaccine requirements.

In a statement reported by the Associated Press, the state health department indicated that changes to existing regulations could impact required vaccines, including those for hepatitis B, chickenpox, influenza, HIB, and pneumococcal disease. Unless legislators revoke the laws, vaccines such as polio and measles will remain mandatory for school attendance under state law.

Vaccine requirements are a key factor in the US maintaining one of the highest vaccination rates in the world, which is crucial for preventing diseases like polio, diphtheria, and pertussis from becoming prevalent. Removing these mandates could jeopardize decades of public health achievements and put lives at risk. According to a 2024 CDC report, routine childhood vaccinations have saved approximately 1.13 million lives and averted about 508 million infections in children born from 1994 to 2023.

“Vaccines are victims of their own success; people no longer witness children suffering from preventable diseases,” Leifer remarked.

Much of the resistance against vaccines stems from concerns regarding side effects. However, research shows that the risks associated with vaccination are minor compared to those posed by infections. For instance, the likelihood of developing myocarditis or heart inflammation is seven times higher following Covid-19 infection than after vaccination. Additionally, one in 1000 individuals infected with measles may develop encephalitis, while one in one million vaccinated individuals experience the same condition.

During the press conference, Ladapo provided no scientific rationale for removing the vaccine mandates. The Florida Department of Public Health did not respond to inquiries from New Scientist regarding this matter, instead focusing on appeals to personal and religious freedoms.

“Should this individual dictate what goes into your body? Who decides what your child should receive in their body?” he questioned, emphasizing that each body is a gift from God.

This argument overlooks that over half the states, including Florida, permit exemptions from mandated vaccines for religious reasons. Furthermore, 16 states allow exemptions for personal beliefs, and all states have provisions for medical exemptions.

If school mandates are lifted, it is uncertain how significantly vaccination rates might drop. However, historical data suggests that enforcing requirements boosts vaccine uptake. For example, Maine eliminated personal and religious exemptions in 2019, resulting in over 95% of school-aged children receiving the vaccinations required by 2024, thus achieving herd immunity against measles.

In Florida, less than 89% of kindergarteners were vaccinated from 2024 to 2025. Achieving herd immunity requires a concerted effort to boost vaccination rates nationwide, rather than undermining them.