The remarkable sensitivity of the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope in near- and mid-infrared light offers new insights into PMR 1, a little-explored nebula in the constellation Vela.

PMR 1 is a fascinating planetary nebula situated approximately 5,000 light-years from our Earth in the Vela constellation.

Also known as IRAS 09269-4923, this nebula was previously captured in infrared light by the now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope in 2013.

The advanced technology of the Webb Telescope reveals striking details that enhance the nebula’s brain-like appearance.

According to Webb astronomers, “The nebula exhibits distinct regions that illustrate various stages of its evolution; the outer shell, largely composed of hydrogen, is initially blown out while the inner cloud is more refined, containing a mix of gases.” They stated.

“Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) identify unique dark lanes traversing vertically through the center of the nebula, accentuating the brain-like shape of its left and right hemispheres.”

“These dark lanes may be linked to an explosive event or outflow from the central star, often triggered by twin jets moving in opposite directions.”

“This phenomenon is notably apparent at the top of the nebula in Webb’s MIRI images, where gas seems to be jetting outward.”

Despite remaining mysteries surrounding this nebula, it is evident that it was formed by a star nearing the end of its fuel-burning phase.” The astronomers added.

“During this final phase, the star sheds its outer layers, a dynamic process that occurs relatively quickly from a cosmic viewpoint. Webb captured this crucial moment in stellar evolution.”

“The ultimate fate of the star hinges on its mass, which is still undetermined.”

“If the star is massive enough, it will eventually go supernova.”

“Conversely, a less massive, Sun-like star will continue shedding layers and cooling until only a dense white dwarf remains.”