As I prepared to launch my column for New Scientist, my editor inquired about a title. I proposed “Field Notes from Space and Time.” This title serves a dual purpose for me as a physicist, subtly referring to the scientific practice of field observations—notes recorded in the field akin to a lab notebook—while also hinting at a critical concept in particle physics: the field itself.

In classical terms, one might envision a “field” as a vast agricultural space, but in physics, it embodies a more abstract notion. A field represents a mathematical framework that assigns numerical values to points across both space and time, characterizing various physical phenomena. For instance, when a magnet approaches a refrigerator door, a magnetic force exists between them, with a corresponding magnetic field value that intensifies as the distance decreases.

Intriguingly, the term “field,” in this scientific context, emerged thanks to 19th-century scientist Michael Faraday, who investigated the magnetic properties of bismuth. While working on my recent manuscript, I delved into Faraday’s diary and examined his initial references to field concepts. One can’t help but wonder how he conceptualized these ideas, particularly given his working-class origins and an upbringing deeply intertwined with the land. I envision Faraday pondering the invisible forces at play in the expansive environments familiar to his family.

The notion of fields extends beyond magnetism. A groundbreaking advancement in the 20th century arose at the intersection of electromagnetism and quantum physics, leading to the realization that particles and waves share a dual relationship. Notably, particles such as electrons can also be perceived as waves, while electromagnetic fields can be represented as particles (termed photons). As the scientific community embraced wave-particle duality, a deeper connection between quantum theory and fields became apparent.

To forge a complete quantum model of photons, we once again turned to fields—this time, quantum fields. Just as magnetic fields quantify the magnetic force at specific points, quantum fields determine the creation and annihilation of particles at various locations. Consequently, all electrons emerge from a quantum electronic field. It is believed that a similar undiscovered realm of dark matter also exists, behaving as if composed of particles despite being invisible to the naked eye. Our universe brims with particles springing from a vacuum, facilitated by quantum fields. Thus, when I contribute to this column, I am genuinely crafting field notes from both space and time.

What are you reading?

I am captivated by The Herman Melville Declaration by Barry Sanders.

What are you watching?

I am enjoying the final season of Hacks.

What are you working on?

Following the US launch of The End of Space and Time, we are currently focusing on its release in the UK!