Personal question: Do you consider yourself a frequent farter? On average, how many times a day do you pass gas? 5 times? 20? More?

There’s no boring answer here. Recent scientific studies reveal that human flatulence is surprisingly under-explored in medical literature.

While some claim the average person experiences 5 to 15 flatulence episodes daily, this estimate is based on limited 1980s research, according to Professor Brantley Hall, a microbiome expert from the University of Maryland.

“Invasive studies involving rectal tubes have hindered our understanding,” he asserts, adding, “Our knowledge hasn’t progressed significantly since.”

But there’s good news! Hall’s team is developing a groundbreaking Human Fart Atlas to chart normal flatulence ranges across the population. A key element of this initiative is innovative smart underwear that detects human gas emissions.

A coin-sized sensor clips discreetly onto standard briefs, continuously monitoring gas releases and sending data to an app, providing valuable insights for both users and researchers.

In a study published in December 2025 in Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X, participants wore these smart pants for at least 11 hours over three days. Findings suggest that people fart far more than previously believed.

The average healthy adult expels gas about 32 times a day, but the range is diverse.

The study revealed individual differences, with participants reporting anywhere from 4 to 59 farts daily. Unpublished data indicates even higher numbers in some cases.

“Some individuals farted up to 175 times a day,” Hall noted, contrasting it with others on similar diets who only farted four times.

Breakthrough in Gas Detection

These fascinating insights stem from a technology the research team has refined over five years.

Hall humorously describes its inception: “As a microbiologist, one day I was studying microbial metabolism in an anaerobic chamber when everything went wrong. Someone farted, and we got a groundbreaking signal.”

This incident led to placing sensors in a place no wearable has ventured before—inside your pants. The sensors detect hydrogen, a gas produced by intestinal bacteria during food metabolism.

While future versions aim to capture a broader gas spectrum, current technology mainly detects the “hydrogen bomb.”

This data allows researchers to begin monitoring flatulence frequency and proceeds to shape a comprehensive Human Flatus Atlas. Hall mentioned the oversubscription for study participation demonstrates how comfortable the device is to wear.

“The most unexpected revelation was that there was room for the sensor in that area,” he explains. “You won’t even feel it. We’ve tested various shapes and materials; ultimately, we found that a round shape works best.”

Holding up what he coined a “butt mannequin,” he elaborates on sensor placement next to the perineum. “When seated, you’re typically not in contact with it,” he adds.

“Plus, women often wear menstrual pads without issue; our device is much smaller.”

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Gastrointestinal Insights

Wearing Hall’s smart underwear provides critical insights into our daily bodily functions. For skeptics, it offers essential information about your gastrointestinal health.

Generally, farting is a normal part of digestion. In fact, individuals consuming a fiber-rich diet often pass more gas, as beans and vegetables ferment in the intestines, producing excess gas.

Bloating can indicate good gut health but might also signify irritable bowel syndrome or a food intolerance.

Changes in frequency or habits can hint at shifts in your microbiome, influenced by stress or dietary changes. Excessive or foul-smelling gas might indicate lactose or gluten intolerance.

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea, pain, or bloating.

The variation in flatulence stems from multiple factors, including genetics, diet, and microbiome diversity. For instance, lactose intolerance is often hereditary.

“Those who are lactose intolerant must adjust their diets accordingly, as consuming milk can lead to increased gas production,” Hall explains.

Hall envisions that smart pants technology could revolutionize personal health tracking, providing clinicians with valuable data for better patient care.

“While we lack medical approval for this technology currently, future adaptations could empower gastroenterologists with this data, making it easier to distinguish normal from abnormal,” he explains.

His dream is to create a “fart score” akin to cholesterol levels, enabling individuals to monitor their health effectively.

Next steps involve adding methane detection, known to correlate with constipation, while exploring how farting habits across the globe compare with those in the United States.

Don’t you just love the smell of progress in the morning?

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