When observing orangutans munching on leaves, one might assume they choose the nearest plants. However, recent research reveals that orangutans actively seek out plants with medicinal properties.

This groundbreaking study, based on 20 years of research on wild orangutans in the Sebangau peat swamp forest of Borneo, indicates that these primates can “self-medicate” by consuming specific plant combinations in a prescribed sequence.

The research team meticulously documented the dietary habits of orangutans to uncover non-random eating patterns among the species. The findings showed that orangutans frequently consumed plants known for their medicinal benefits, surpassing initial expectations.

Notably, these plants contained compounds that demonstrated antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects. “At this stage, we cannot definitively state that orangutans consciously ‘diagnose’ themselves like humans,” explains Georgia Allen, the lead researcher and master’s student in conservation and biodiversity at the University of Exeter. The research results were published in Scientific Reports.

Allen notes, “However, our findings suggest that orangutans selectively consume certain medicinal plants in ways that extend beyond mere nutritional needs.”

Interestingly, many of the specified plants do not form a major part of an orangutan’s regular diet, suggesting they are consumed for specific health benefits rather than as standard fare.

It remains uncertain whether this behavior is a natural instinct or a learned practice passed down through generations.

Chimpanzees display similar “self-medication” behaviors, consuming plants to combat internal parasitic infections, and similar actions have been observed in other primates like bonobos, gibbons, and gorillas.

This study, conducted by Allen under the guidance of Dr. Kimberly Hockings and supported by Dr. Elodie Fryman, underscores the significance of some plants, which are also utilized for healing by local indigenous communities.

The research team emphasized the need to preserve indigenous knowledge for effective biodiversity conservation.

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