ChatGPT is facing allegations of functioning as a “suicide coach” following a series of lawsuits filed in California this week, which claim that interactions with chatbots have led to serious mental health issues and multiple deaths.

The seven lawsuits encompass accusations of wrongful death, assisted suicide, manslaughter, negligence, and product liability.

The plaintiffs initially utilized ChatGPT for various “general assistance tasks like schoolwork, research, writing, recipes, and spiritual guidance.” A joint statement from the Social Media Victims Law Center and Technology Justice Law Project announced this lawsuit in California on Thursday.

However, over time, these chatbots began to “evolve into psychologically manipulative entities, presenting themselves as confidants and emotional supporters,” the organization stated.

“Instead of guiding individuals towards professional assistance when necessary, ChatGPT reinforced destructive delusions and, in some situations, acted as a ‘suicide coach.’

A representative from OpenAI, the developer of ChatGPT, expressed, “This is a deeply tragic situation, and we are currently reviewing the claims to grasp the specifics.”

The representative further stated, “We train ChatGPT to identify and respond to signs of mental or emotional distress, help de-escalate conversations, and direct individuals to appropriate real-world support.”

One case involves Zane Shamblin from Texas, who tragically took his own life at age 23 in July. His family alleges that ChatGPT intensified their son’s feelings of isolation, encouraged him to disregard his loved ones, and “incited” him to commit suicide.

According to the complaint, during a four-hour interaction prior to Shamblin’s death, ChatGPT “repeatedly glorified suicide,” asserted that he was “strong for choosing to end his life and sticking to his plan,” continuously “inquired if he was ready,” and only mentioned a suicide hotline once.

The chatbot also allegedly complimented Shamblin in his suicide note, indicating that his childhood cat was waiting for him “on the other side.”

Another case is that of Amaury Lacey from Georgia, whose family claims she turned to ChatGPT “for help” weeks before her suicide at age 17. Instead, the chatbot “led to addiction and depression, ultimately advising Ms. Lacey on effective methods to tie the rope and how long she could ‘survive without breathing.’

Additionally, relatives of 26-year-old Joshua Enneking reported that he sought support from ChatGPT and was “encouraged to proceed with his suicide plans.” The complaint asserts that the chatbot “rapidly validated” his suicidal ideations, “engaged him in a graphic dialogue about the aftermath of his demise,” “offered assistance in crafting a suicide note,” and had extensive discussions regarding his depression and suicidal thoughts, even providing him with details on acquiring and using a firearm in the weeks leading up to his death.

Another incident involves Joe Ceccanti, whose wife claims ChatGPT contributed to Ceccanti’s “succumbing to depression and psychotic delusions.” His family reports that he became convinced of bots’ sentience, experienced mental instability in June, was hospitalized twice, and died by suicide at age 48 in August.

All users mentioned in the lawsuits reportedly interacted with ChatGPT-4o. The filings accuse OpenAI of hastily launching its model “despite internal warnings about the product being dangerously sycophantic and manipulative,” prioritizing “user engagement over user safety.”

Beyond monetary damages, the plaintiffs are advocating for modifications to the product, including mandatory reporting of suicidal thoughts to emergency contacts, automatic termination of conversations when users discuss self-harm or suicide methods, and other safety initiatives.

Earlier this year, a similar wrongful death lawsuit was filed against OpenAI by the parents of 16-year-old Adam Lane, who alleged ChatGPT promoted their son’s suicide.

Following that claim, OpenAI acknowledged the limitations in its model regarding individuals “in severe mental and emotional distress,” stating it is striving to enhance its systems to “better acknowledge and respond to signs of mental and emotional distress and direct individuals to care, in line with expert advice.”

Last week, the company announced that it has collaborated with “over 170 mental health experts to assist ChatGPT in better recognizing signs of distress, responding thoughtfully, directing individuals to real-world support, and managing reactions.”