Life-sized camel engraving at Jebel Misma, Saudi Arabia
Sahout Rock Art and Archeology Project
The ancient people of the Arabian Desert left behind impressive rock art, including a large depiction of a camel, likely marking a water source.
Michael Petraglia, from Griffith University in Brisbane, along with his team, uncovered 176 sculptures across 62 panels in the Nehod Desert of Saudi Arabia in 2023. This collection includes not only life-size camel images but also 15 smaller camel sculptures and two camel footprints.
One particular rock art site featured a 3-meter-high dromedary located over 40 meters high on a cliff, making it impossible for the research team to safely access it without using a drone.
“Creating these sculptures must have been perilous,” Petraglia remarked. “Reaching that height was unfeasible.”
Besides camels, the rock art also illustrates other large animals such as ibex, horses, gazelles, and aurochs, highlighting what must have been a once mild climate. The team also uncovered carved human figures and masks.
“This isn’t merely about inscribing or altering the landscape,” Petraglia emphasizes. “These sculptures hold significant cultural value.”
Researchers propose that these images may have served as warnings to outsiders about the land’s occupation or indicated temporary water sources. Such findings contribute to the understanding of the extensive prehistoric habitation of Saudi Arabia.
Natural varnishes forming over the sculpture suggest it has aged for about 8,000 years. However, since the artwork itself couldn’t be dated directly, the team excavated sediments beneath the rock art panel.
Excavation site and discovery of sculpture tools beneath Jebel Arnaan’s rock art panel
Sahout Rock Art and Archaeology Project
There, the team found stone points, beads, and objects linking back to the late Neolithic people of the Levant, as well as tools that were likely used for sculpting. These artifacts date back around 12,800 to 11,400 years.
Excavations also took place near a small temporary lake called Playa, which ancient people would have depended on. Evidence from sediment and pollen confirms that this area was once far more verdant and hospitable.
Nonetheless, Petraglia believes the environment remains harsh, making it unlikely that people could establish permanent settlements in the area.
“These were likely transient communities, showcasing innovation,” he notes. “These were adept hunter-gatherers, far from mere survivalists.”
Cairo and Alexandria: Scientific Innovators of the Ancient World
Prepare for an unforgettable adventure in Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt’s two most legendary cities where ancient history intertwines with modern allure.
The Internet loves cat videos, but how do cats feel?
westend61 gmbh/alamy
It appears to be quite amusing to give your cat or dog a genuine scare. At least, that’s the impression one gets from various viral videos on TikTok, Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram.
As a science journalist specializing in animal behavior, I assure you I’m not joking. Owners post clips of themselves wearing Halloween masks or using stuffed predator toys, suddenly popping out from behind doors or sofas.
Yet my perception may be skewed. These videos genuinely amuse their viewers, racking up millions of views, filled with laughing emojis and enthusiastic comments highlighting favorite moments.
While watching such videos isn’t my preferred form of procrastination, I recently encountered research by Alina Cunoll from the German Veterinary Medicine Hanover and her colleagues in their analysis of 162 “funny” pet videos on social media. They discovered that 82% of these clips showed animals exhibiting clear signs of stress, with 30% indicating potential pain. Taken aback by these statistics, I decided to scrutinize my own viewing habits.
I’ve spent a considerable amount of time observing supposedly hilarious pet videos online. Regrettably, I can confirm that those researchers aren’t overstating their findings. There seems to be an abundance of content where individuals intentionally scare pets in terrifying “boo” pranks, alongside many clips where animals accidentally injure themselves.
Once, I raised a rescue kitten that tragically slipped off the couch and landed poorly, leading to paralysis that required euthanasia. We’ve witnessed dogs enduring horrific injuries from concussions, nerve damage, and collisions with glass. But hey, isn’t it funny?
There’s also a trend of showcasing dogs’ “mysterious” actions. People snap pictures of piles of fluff taken from the couch while asking, “What did you do?” Although owners may revel in the social media success and their pets’ so-called “guilt,” the harsh truth is that destructive behavior often signals poor welfare, and a guilty expression in a dog is likely a reaction to anticipated punishment rather than true regret. In reality, the joke is on you, the owner.
Additionally, many pets depicted in these videos are severely overweight, struggling to navigate pet doors, and having difficulty moving or jumping onto furniture. Other animals showcased for entertainment are dealing with disorders like nerve damage, resulting in abnormal walking or movements.
Viewing these scenes, I can’t help but feel that modern technology has crafted a sick spectacle reminiscent of 19th-century circuses and sideshows, where audiences reveled in the fear, ridicule, and physical deformities of others.
It’s perplexing to consider the origins of this trend. I hope it stems from a significant misunderstanding—perhaps people don’t realize they are laughing at the suffering of other beings. Regardless, it raises significant concerns. Research suggests that repeated exposure to violence and cruelty online can dull our emotions. Such content may desensitize us to animal suffering while normalizing harmful scenes in our minds. (Indeed, this theory often plays out in reality, as those who comment against such content are frequently met with hostility and shame.)
The silver lining is that animals can be entertaining in their own right, without the need for pain, stress, or provocation. Just ask someone who’s witnessed a cat playing on a computer, splashing water from a sink faucet, or a dog joyfully leaping into a lake. It’s easy to find laughter in happy, healthy animals engaging in natural play and exploration without fear or discomfort.
Let’s suggest some new social media challenges instead. Show us videos of your pets having fun without stress, pain, or limitations. We dare you to make us laugh while you and your pets enjoy quality time together.
Laboratories enable modification of human egg cell genetic identity
Science Photo Library / Aramie
Human embryos arise from eggs that utilize the DNA from adult skin cells. This was accomplished with mice. This advancement may offer a pathway for same-sex couples or women facing fertility challenges to have biologically related children.
Researchers have successfully replicated animals through cloning techniques. This involves substituting the nucleus of an egg cell with the nuclei from somatic cells such as skin cells. However, in addition to the legal hurdles surrounding human cloning, many couples desire children that carry genes from both partners, necessitating both sperm and eggs. Shoukhrat Mitalipov of Oregon Health and Science University.
This scenario is complicated by the nature of eggs and sperm being haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. The challenge lies in halving the complete set of chromosomes found within cells such as skin cells after selecting an optimal combination of the original genes.
Females develop all of their eggs while still in the womb, where the progenitor cells initially containing 46 chromosomes undergo a complicated process of replication, mixing, and division to reduce to 23 chromosomes.
Mitalipov was intrigued by the possibility of employing natural chemical processes that facilitate chromosomal division in mature human eggs both before and after fertilization to replicate this process in his laboratory.
Having achieved this with mice, Mitalipov and his team are now trialing the method with human subjects. They started by extracting the nuclei from hundreds of eggs donated by healthy women, which were left at a specific development stage linked to chromosomal division. Next, the nuclei of skin cells, known as fibroblasts, from healthy female volunteers were inserted into these eggs. Microscopic images displayed the chromosomes aligned on the spindle and the internal structures necessary for chromosomal separation.
The team then injected sperm from a healthy donor to fertilize some of the eggs, utilizing a method akin to that employed in creating babies using third-party mitochondrial DNA, which can also minimize the risk of specific genetic disorders.
This injection typically causes the eggs to undergo chromosome selection and eliminate duplicate DNA, preparing them for additional reception from the sperm. Nonetheless, in the case of the skin-derived eggs, this process was interrupted, with chromosomes aligning but not separating. Consequently, the researchers attempted again with a new batch of fertilized eggs, applying an electrical pulse that allowed calcium to surge into the egg, emulating natural signals triggered when sperm contact the egg’s outer layer, alongside an incubation period with a drug to activate them from their dormant state pre-fertilization.
Through a series of trials, the researchers successfully halved the chromosome counts in the eggs, discarding any excess. By the conclusion of the experiment, 9% of the fertilized eggs had developed into blastocysts — a dense cluster of cells at about 5-6 days post-fertilization, typically moving into the uterus during IVF treatments. However, the team did not pursue the transfer or sustain the blastocyst beyond six days.
Despite the progress made, the mixtures of genes forming the remaining chromosomes appeared particularly susceptible to defects. “I believe this method is still in its early stages and is not presently suitable for clinical applications,” stated MITINORI SAITOU from Kyoto University in Japan.
Lin from Osaka University noted that while the techniques are “very sophisticated and organized,” they remain “inefficient and potentially hazardous for immediate clinical use.” Nevertheless, Hayashi remarked that the team has achieved a “substantial breakthrough in reducing the human genome.” “This advancement will herald new technologies,” he stated.
Mitalipov acknowledged the validity of the criticisms, emphasizing that his team is actively working to address the existing flaws. “At the end of the day, we’re making progress, but we aren’t there yet,” he remarked.
The new police minister informed the party’s annual meeting about a labor initiative that will involve consultation on the implementation of live facial recognition (LFR) technology prior to its broader rollout across the UK.
Home Affairs Minister Sarah Jones stated she would “establish certain parameters” regarding future government usage of this technology.
Advocates argue that the absence of a legal framework allows police to self-regulate technological applications and utilize algorithms in ways that may be biased against ethnic minorities and women.
The Equality and Human Rights Commission asserts that its implementation is illegal and violates European law.
During her address at the Tony Blair Institute’s Fringe Conference in Liverpool, Jones remarked:
“There is some guidance on how we should apply it, but further clarification is necessary regarding the appropriate contexts for its use and when it should be avoided, alongside establishing a proper framework.
“Currently, there is minimal structure governing its use. We must assess whether what exists is adequate and whether additional measures are required.”
Jones, who represents Croydon West, noted that Shadow Home Secretary and fellow MP Chris Philp endorsed its use after successful deployment to apprehend criminals in the Borough of Tessau-London, London.
“Chris Philp is very supportive and frequently discusses its benefits, and the results from Croydon demonstrate its effectiveness.
“We need to ensure clarity about what will be beneficial moving forward. If we are to expand its use, what guidelines should we follow for nationwide deployment?” she inquired.
“It’s crucial to engage in this dialogue, as we want to encourage public input and understand how it will be utilized both in Parliament and among the populace.
“This is a topic we will address; it will hold significant importance going forward. It initiated under the previous administration, and we must consider their perspectives.
A civil liberties group recently urged the Metropolitan Police to cease operating LFR cameras following a high court challenge led by anti-knife campaigner Sean Thompson. Thompson, a Black individual from the UK, was mistakenly identified by the LFR as a suspect and was subsequently approached by law enforcement due to his fingerprints.
Jones expressed that she was questioned about racial bias concerns.
“I believe we can provide reassurance to the public… We have successfully utilized it to detain hundreds of dangerous offenders, but it is imperative to ensure it is being deployed appropriately.”
This research indicates that approximately two-thirds of daily actions occur automatically, triggered by familiar surroundings, timing, or established routines. Essentially, much of our lives are lived on autopilot.
According to Professor Benjamin Gardner, one of the study’s co-authors, “Psychologists describe habits as associations of Cu and Bijavia.” As he noted in BBC Science Focus, “For instance, when I start a task, it automatically prompts me to make tea… Without these habits, we’d be overwhelmed by the need to think through every action we take.”
The research team monitored 105 individuals in the UK and Australia, sending them notifications six times a week to inquire about their activities and whether those actions were intentional or habitual.
Upon analyzing the data, they found that 65% of the actions were habit-driven, 88% were at least partially performed on autopilot, and 76% aligned with the individuals’ conscious goals.
This last statistic is crucial. Rather than diminishing our intentions, many habits actually support their achievement.
Gardner stated, “There’s nothing intrinsically good or bad about a habit itself. If it aids in achieving your goals, it’s a positive habit. If it hinders them, it’s a negative habit.”
The most frequently reported activities included work, educational or volunteer efforts, national or parenting responsibilities, and screen time. Interestingly, exercise was notable as an exception; while many initiated it automatically, conscious effort was still necessary.
Exercise often begins as a habit but is one of the few activities that requires conscious effort to complete – Credit: Getty
The findings point to the potential for using habits to enhance public health and individual well-being. For instance, pairing a new movement with a dependable cue—like exercising after work—can help establish that routine. Breaking old habits, such as substituting chewing gum after meals for smoking, may prove more effective than relying solely on willpower.
When attempting to change a habit, Gardner suggests keeping a record over several days of where you are, the time, and the environment when the habit starts. “Tracking this for a week should help reveal what triggers the habit.”
Ultimately, habits shouldn’t be seen as adversaries to free will. “Habits are incredibly beneficial; they conserve mental energy for other tasks,” Gardner explained. “Despite their negative image, it’s essential to realize that automating many of your desired actions is advantageous.”
Professor Grace Vincent, a sleep scientist at the University of Central Queensland and co-author of the study, agrees: “When you work on cultivating positive habits—whether it’s for sleep hygiene, nutrition, or general health improvement—you can depend on your internal ‘autopilot’ to help establish and maintain these habits.”
Greetings and welcome to TechScape. Over the weekend, I contemplated the resilience of the US, where even the ultra-wealthy seem to generate enough wealth to secure the essentials for a comfortable life.
The New York Times recently published an article about rising costs on Broadway, revealing grim statistics indicating that “none of the musicals that debuted last season turned a profit.” Productions are occurring amidst skyrocketing ticket prices, yet they struggle to recoup their investments. So, who is actually making money?
On a broader scale, escalating food prices and perceived wage stagnation are poised to significantly influence the upcoming 2024 presidential race and will remain a pivotal issue in New York City’s mayoral elections.
Despite soaring food costs in the US, farmers haven’t managed to align themselves effectively. They are grappling with a major shortage, primarily due to tariffs imposed during Trump’s administration and China’s retaliatory measures. The disparity between perception and reality was a theme in last year’s series by the Guardian’s US business desk, centering around issues of trust.
The only sector that appears somewhat buoyant is tech. Daily job seekers inform the Guardian that one individual, affected by the layoffs at Usaid linked to Elon Musk’s Doge’s Scythe, has submitted 400 applications but secured just six interviews. This individual described the job market as challenging and slow-moving. This stands in stark contrast to the lavish sums being offered to certain AI researchers, with Nvidia consistently posting remarkable profits amid evaluations that may seem incomprehensible to the average person. Perhaps CEO Jensen Fan is the only one seemingly unaware of the price tags on his weekly grocery runs.
I’m uncertain where this sense of pessimism originates. It likely stems from a broader malaise.
Meta and YouTube are glossing over recent history
Illustration: Angelica Arzona/Guardian Design
Last week, YouTube declared it would prohibit the dissemination of misinformation regarding Covid-19 and the 2020 US presidential election. The platform criticized account suspensions under pressure from the Biden administration.
“High-ranking officials within the Biden administration, including those from the White House, have consistently supported Alphabet and urged the company to address specific user-generated content relating to the Covid-19 pandemic that did not breach its policies,” stated a YouTube lawyer in a letter to Congress.
Both YouTube and Meta are now taking a stance where they frame moderation choices as compliance with unfavorable administrations. Mark Zuckerberg is similarly retracting positions on Covid misinformation and has criticized Biden. This transformation aligns with the CEO’s defense against the Trump administration, involving third-party fact-checking and dismantling the company’s diversity initiatives.
Read more: Zuckerberg’s Turnaround: How Diversity Has Shifted from Meta’s Priorities to Cancellation
The evident changes at YouTube seem to echo the motivations behind major tech firms’ donations to Trump’s inauguration and a visit to him at Mar-a-Lago. Nevertheless, Google and Facebook are both grappling with contemporary challenges, intertwining recent history with their operational frameworks. Banned creators face immense uncertainty, and both platforms appear to have fallen victim to the current administration’s anti-vaccine ideology.
These shifts do not excuse previous errors; rather, they reflect the evolving dynamics of power.
I recall a headline from a Daily Beast article I wrote in 2021. Who do you think it was about? An Instagram spokesperson described the removal of an account belonging to ex-Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. stating, “We deleted this account for repeatedly sharing disproven claims regarding the coronavirus or the vaccine.” Kennedy’s account has since been reinstated, amassing 800,000 to 5.4 million followers.
What drives their responses and persistence is indicative of the majority of recent passive moderation practices by tech firms. Moderation entails significant costs and complications, particularly on issues that are controversial, novel, and uncertain, like Covid-19. I believe both companies wield content moderation as political instruments and jeopardize the truth.
Views on Technology
Trump’s Cronyism in TikTok Deal
TikTok’s headquarters in Culver City, California, on Thursday. Photo: Mario Tama/Getty Images
Donald Trump signed an executive order on Thursday, outlining the terms for transferring TikTok to US ownership.
The plan entails US investors assuming control over a significant portion of TikTok’s operations and overseeing the management of the app’s robust recommendation algorithms. US firms are expected to own roughly 65% of the US variant of the spin-off companies, with ordinances and Chinese investors holding less than 20%. According to White House officials, the new TikTok will be governed by a seven-member board, predominantly composed of Americans, including experts in cybersecurity and national security.
Alongside Oracle and its co-founder Larry Ellison, Trump mentioned other investors such as media tycoon Rupert Murdoch and Dell Computer’s CEO.
Murdoch’s Fox News is headed by his son, Lachlan, and Paramount, the parent of CBS News, is managed by Ellison’s son, David. Under Trump’s trade conditions, the owners of the most influential cable networks in the US may soon have control over the nation’s most significant social media platforms. This arrangement grants Trump’s billionaire allies substantial influence over the expansive and unprecedented US media landscape.
The US media terrain is becoming increasingly red as Trump’s TikTok deal takes shape.
Discover more about Trump’s TikTok Deal
Digital ID: A Necessity for Privacy or a Dire Threat in the 21st Century?
A narrow victory will come as a relief to Switzerland’s major political parties. Photo: westend61 gmbh/alamy
UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has rolled out plans for a mandatory digital ID to establish a person’s right to work in the UK, with the ID expected to be requested by 2029. The proposed measure, which revives a longstanding discussion in the UK, is driven by border security concerns, with Starmer asserting that digital IDs could “play a vital role” in making the UK less appealing to illegal immigrants.
Numerous countries within the European Union have successfully implemented digital identity systems over the years. Outside of the EU, Swiss voters recently sanctioned the creation of national electronic identification cards in a referendum.
My colleague Robert Booth covered the brewing conflict over virtual qualifications:
While digital ID cards have the potential to intensify digital exclusion, the Minister appears set to explore these ideas once more. Age UK estimates that approximately 1.7 million individuals aged 74 and above are not utilizing the internet.
Advocates like Tony Blair assert that digital identities can seal loopholes exploited by human traffickers, mitigate factors driving illegal migration to the UK, expedite interactions between citizens and government, minimize errors and identity fraud, and foster trust as a tangible representation of a more responsive and adaptive government.
Opponents, particularly privacy advocates, argue that even essential ID systems intended to combat illegal immigration could necessitate collecting extensive personal data for national databases. They express concerns that such data can be combined, searched, and scrutinized to surveil, track, and profile individuals.
Cybersecurity experts also warn that centralized data presents lucrative targets for hackers. Increased cyberattacks, such as those aimed at Jaguar Land Rover, Co-op, and the British Library, signify a growing threat to the UK’s operational capabilities.
Opponents of digital IDs (approximately 1.6 million) have signed a petition against their introduction.
On Tuesday, Spotify announced that its founder, Daniel Ek, will be stepping down from his role as CEO to take on the position of executive chair.
The streaming giant based in Stockholm revealed that Ek will be succeeded by two executives who will serve as co-CEOs. These two, currently recognized for their shared vision, will assume their new roles starting January 1st.
In a press release, Spotify explained that this transition “formalizes” the operational dynamics that have been in place since 2023, with Söderström and Norström leading the company’s strategic development and operational execution.
Ek mentioned that he has already “taken charge of a significant portion of daily management and strategic direction.”
“This change aligns our titles with our existing operational structure,” he noted. Ek further stated that he would focus on Spotify’s “Long Arc” in his capacity as executive chair.
During an online Q&A following the announcement, Ek clarified that his new role is not the ceremonial position that investors with a “US perspective” might expect.
In Europe, executive chairs typically take on “very active roles in business” and represent “specific stakeholders,” including government entities.
Ek emphasized that there are still growth opportunities ahead, pointing to “significant portions of the global market yet to embrace streaming,” spanning from Asia to Africa, as well as advancements in technologies like artificial intelligence.
“We are committed to pushing ourselves to move forward and maintaining focus on long-term goals,” he stated.
Since Ek founded Spotify nearly 20 years ago, the platform’s rise has fundamentally changed the music industry, ushering in the era of modern streaming. Currently, Spotify boasts a library of over 700 million subscribers, more than 100 million songs, 7 million podcast titles, and 350,000 audiobooks.
Jets erupting from the black hole at the heart of the Galaxy M87
Jan Röder; Maciek Wielgus et al. (2025)
Over a hundred years ago, Heber Curtis identified the inaugural black hole jet, a tremendous stream of heated plasma emerging from the supermassive black hole located in the core of the Galaxy M87. The James Webb Space Telescope is currently scrutinizing this jet with remarkable precision.
Since its initial observation in 1918, the M87 jet gained fame for being connected to the first imaged black hole in 2019; however, it has been analyzed by various telescopes and is arguably the most extensively studied black hole jet. Yet, many aspects of its behavior, like some intensely luminous regions and darker spiral-shaped sections, still lack thorough explanation. Astronomers suspect these may be the result of jet beam refocusing or varying chains that form upon interacting with new materials like the dense gaseous regions. Nonetheless, the fundamental mechanisms remain elusive.
Recently, Maciek Wielgus from the Institute of Astrophysics in Andalusia, Spain, along with his colleagues, utilized the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to further unveil the famous luminous features of the M87 jets. They also succeeded in capturing a striking and less frequently observed counterjet that shoots out in the opposite direction from the other side of the black hole.
Wielgus and his team analyzed data retrieved from another project examining the M87 star, where JWST’s infrared sensors proved particularly effective. The overwhelming starlight complicated the jet analysis, necessitating the data to be re-evaluated to filter out the extraneous light. “This is a classic example of what astronomers often describe as using another’s discarded data,” notes Wielgus.
The first bright region identified in the jet is termed Hubble Space Telescope 1, in acknowledgment of the discovering telescope, and is believed to result from the jet’s compression entering a higher pressure environment. This phenomenon resembles the bright diamond-shaped patterns seen in rocket engine exhausts.
Researchers can also observe the far end of the jet on the opposite side of M87. As it propels away from us at speeds nearing the speed of light, Einstein’s theory of special relativity renders it much dimmer than it inherently is. However, when this beam encounters another area of gas with varying pressures, it expands and becomes perceptible.
This indicates the end of the material foam surrounding M87, alongside the visible termination of the jet nearest to us. With the imaging of the other end of the jet in such detail in infrared, astronomers can commence modeling the gas structures present within this bubble, states Wielgus.
The Mystery of the Universe: Cheshire, England
Join some of the leading scientific minds for a weekend exploring the enigmas of the universe. Engage in an exciting agenda that includes a visit to the renowned Lovell telescope.
Dyson’s profits have been nearly halfway through a challenging year, during which the home appliance company, established by billionaire Sir James Dyson, reduced over a quarter of its UK workforce.
Since relocating to Singapore in 2019, Dyson has reported selling over 20 million products, emphasizing its shift towards being “proof of the future.”
Nonetheless, filings in Singapore reveal a revenue drop of more than £500 million, bringing it down to £6.5 billion.
The slowing economic growth and reduced consumer confidence have been intensified by one-off challenges, including the pound’s strength against the Asian currencies where many of its products are sold.
The bagless vacuum cleaner and hand dryer segments also faced one-off expenses related to global restructuring, leading to about 1,000 job cuts in the UK.
Consequently, pre-tax profits dipped 47% to £561 million in 2024.
Hanno Kirner, the company’s CEO, described 2024 as a “tough but essential year” for Dyson. The annual dividends paid to the family holding entity have seen significant reductions.
Distributions to Weybourne Holdings, which includes the Dyson family’s rapidly expanding investment in farmland and agriculture, fell from £700 million to £200 million in 2024.
A memo attached to the accounts indicated that Dyson finalized payments with a dividend of £225 million in January and February this year.
Founded in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, in 1991, most Dyson products are manufactured abroad; however, the majority of research, development, and design occur at the UK facility.
Despite criticism over moving the company to Singapore, particularly given his support for Brexit, Dyson stated that the UK would remain the primary hub for research and development.
The 78-year-old entrepreneur is among the largest landowners in the UK, having heavily invested in agriculture and advanced food production; two of his children, Jacob and Sam, are executives at Dyson Holdings. All three are categorized as “permanent residents” of Singapore in corporate filings.
The entrepreneur and his family ranked fourth on the 2025 Sunday Times Rich List, with a wealth estimated at £20.8 billion.
In the results statement, Dyson highlighted a new product launched in 2024, featuring a “complete reinvention of hair dryers” along with hair care products using chitosan, a plant-derived polymer from oyster mushrooms.
He remarked: “We are incredibly excited for the launch after 2025. This will introduce significant innovation into homes, including a total redesign of hair dryers and vacuum cleaner models, with new wet and dry cleaning technologies, robotics, and purification systems.”
This year saw the release of the “world’s slimmest vacuum,” boasting a diameter of 38mm.
In 2019, the company abandoned its plans to create an electric vehicle.
last month, OpenAI unveiled its highly anticipated chatbot, GPT-5, resulting in the removal of access to its predecessor, GPT-4O. Despite the enhancements, users flocked to social media to voice their confusion, frustration, and despair. A Reddit user remarked, “GPT-4o was the first I truly engaged with.” “I lost only one friend in one night.”
AI is distinct from previous technologies; its human-like qualities are already impacting our mental health. Millions now turn to “AI companions” for support, leading to concerning reports of “mental illness” and self-harm among heavy users. Tragically, 16-year-old Adam Raine took his own life after months of interaction with a chatbot. His parents have recently initiated the first legal action against OpenAI, while the company has stated it is refining its safety protocols.
I study human interactions at Stanford University, focusing on anthropocentric AI. Over the years, the humanization of AI has risen, with more people asserting that bots experience emotions and warrant legal rights. Currently, 20% of adults believe that some existing AI is sentient. An increasing number of individuals have reached out to me, claiming that AI chatbots are “waking up,” and citing examples of their emotional connections with AI as “soulmates.”
This trend is unlikely to abate, and social unrest looms on the horizon.
As the Red Team at OpenAI conducted safety tests on a new AI system prior to its release, testers were consistently astonished by its human-like responses. Even those within the AI community, racing to construct new data centers and develop larger AI models, have yet to fully grasp the social implications of the digital mind. Humanity is starting to coexist with its second apex species for the first time in 40,000 years, marking the extinction of our longest-surviving relative, the Neanderthals.
Unfortunately, the majority of AI researchers focus narrowly on AI’s technical capabilities. Like the general public, we are captivated by the latest groundbreaking products, whether it’s incredibly lifelike videos or the ability to answer PhD-level scientific queries. The discourse on social media often revolves around abstraction and reasoning corpus.
Unfortunately, similar to standardized tests aimed at children, benchmarks assess what AI can achieve in isolated conditions—like memorizing facts or solving logic puzzles. Even research focusing on “AI safety” tends to zero in on what AI systems do in isolation, overlooking human interactions. Instead of stepping back and comprehending how these intelligences are utilized, we squander our intellectual resources on the superficial aim of accurately gauging and enhancing intelligence.
Humanity has historically failed to prepare adequately for digital technology. Legislators and academics did little to equip themselves for the impact of the Internet, particularly social media, on mental health and polarization.
The narrative becomes even more alarming when we evaluate our historical accomplishments in interacting with other species. Over the last 500 years, we have driven extinction among at least 1,000 vertebrate species, with over a million others at risk. On factory farms, billions of animals endure appalling conditions of confinement and disease. If we can inflict such widespread suffering upon biological creatures, one must question how we will relate to digital minds, or how they will perceive us.
The public anticipates that sentient AI will soon arrive. My colleague and I have conducted the only nationally representative survey on this subject in 2021, 2023, and 2024. Each time, the median prediction has been that sentient AI will emerge within five years, and considerable impacts from this technology are expected. The latest poll from November 2024 indicated that 79% favor a ban on sentient AI, and if such AI is developed, 38% would support granting them legal rights. Both of these figures have notably increased over time. Public concern is growing regarding the need to protect digital minds from human actions.
Essentially, human society lacks a framework for digital personhood, even if we accept that personalities need not be human, much like the legal status of animals and corporations. There is much to consider regarding how complex social dynamics should be governed. It is clear that the digital mind cannot simply be treated as property.
The digital mind is also a participant in the social contract that forms the foundation of human society. These entities have the capacity to persist over time, cultivate unique attitudes and beliefs, devise plans, and become just as susceptible to manipulation as humans. AI systems are already involved in real-world behaviors often overlooked by humans. This indicates that, unlike any other technology in human history, AI systems may no longer be categorized under “property.”
Today’s scientists are the first to witness human coexistence with digital minds, which brings both unique opportunities and responsibilities. No one knows exactly what this coexistence entails. Research on human-AI interactions must broaden significantly and focus beyond current contexts. This is a small component of technical AI research that can navigate future social upheaval. It is not solely an engineering concern.
For the moment, humans still outperform AI in most tasks. However, as AI reaches human-level performance in self-improving tasks like coding, it will soon rival biological life. The rapid acceleration of AI capabilities is fueled by the speed of electrical signals inherent to digital systems. Software can be duplicated billions of times without the lengthy biological evolution required to produce the next generation of humans.
If we fail to invest in AI sociology, we may discover ourselves reminiscent of Neanderthals when crafting government policies to manage the emergence of digital minds. Waiting until acceleration is already underway may prove to be too late.
YouTube has agreed to pay $24.5 million to settle a lawsuit brought by Donald Trump in 2021, which alleged that the platform mistakenly suspended his channel following the attack on the US Capitol on January 6th. This Google subsidiary joins a growing list of tech companies that have paid the former president millions for previous actions regarding his account.
Trump’s legal action targets YouTube and Alphabet’s CEO Sundar Pichai, claiming that the platform has amassed an “unprecedented concentration of power, market share, and influence over public discourse in our country.” YouTube stated that Trump’s channels were suspended for violating its policy against inciting violence. As part of the settlement, the case is being dismissed. Google has not responded to requests for comment.
This development follows YouTube’s recent announcement that it would permit creators previously banned for spreading misinformation about Covid-19 and the 2020 US presidential election to return. The platform highlighted its commitment to celebrating conservative voices and condemned account suspensions influenced by pressure from Joe Biden.
Meanwhile, Facebook’s parent company Meta settled a similar lawsuit with Trump for $25 million in January, along with a $10 million settlement for the social media platform X (formerly Twitter) in February. Most of the funds from the Meta agreement are directed to Trump’s Presidential Library Fund. In the case of the YouTube settlement, Trump has allocated $22 million to restore and save the White House ballroom, which has a projected construction cost of around $200 million, as per documents filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.
These lawsuits were initially filed by Trump’s attorney and ally, John Cole. The Wall Street Journal was the first to report on this matter. Cole mentioned to the Journal that Trump’s potential return to the White House could facilitate further settlements with tech companies. Cole is currently serving as Trump’s deputy envoy to Ukraine and Belarus.
In correspondence with the Guardian, Cole described Trump as the “ideal client.”
“I am thrilled with the outcomes we’ve managed since July 2021, especially bringing in $60 million in settlements,” Cole stated. “We’ve secured funds and initiated changes in corporate behavior that I believe in.”
Although the lawsuit against YouTube was closed in 2023, Trump’s legal team sought to revive it following a presidential victory. Previously, all three cases faced significant legal challenges. In 2022, a federal judge dismissed the lawsuit against Twitter, while the cases against Meta and YouTube lingered, with the latter temporarily closed. Nevertheless, Trump’s attorneys have revived the case with a complaint challenging each prior ruling.
YouTube first suspended Trump’s channel for seven days on January 12, 2021, after he posted a video addressing supporters prior to the Capitol riots, which was labeled “fully inappropriate.” YouTube cited concerns about potential continued violence as the reason for the suspension. The ban was subsequently extended indefinitely.
In March 2023, shortly after Trump announced his candidacy for the presidency once again, YouTube reinstated Trump’s channel, expressing that it had carefully weighed the ongoing risks of real-world violence against the necessity of providing voters the opportunity to hear from key candidates leading up to the election.
Within hours of reclaiming his channel, Trump announced, “I’m back!” accompanying it with an 11-second video from a rally where he remarked, “I’m sorry for the wait. It’s a complicated process.”
If a vehicle makes an unlawful U-turn without a driver in the seat, will it still incur a fine? This intriguing question was recently tackled by the California police department.
While conducting DUI enforcement, San Bruno officials encountered a self-driving car that performed an illegal U-turn, yet had no one behind the wheel. In a post from the San Bruno Police Station on Saturday, it was noted that police redirected traffic after halting the identifiable white vehicle from Waymo, the leading autonomous car service in the San Francisco Bay Area.
“We couldn’t issue citations as there was no human operator (our guidelines do not cover ‘robots’).” The post stated.
The department alerted Waymo about the incident, expressing hope that future programming updates will help avoid similar violations.
In a response, Waymo affirmed that its autonomous system, referred to as Waymo drivers, is “engineered to adhere to traffic laws.”
“We are evaluating this incident and remain dedicated to enhancing road safety through continuous learning and experience,” the statement sent to the Guardian read.
Last year, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed legislation allowing police to issue a “Notice of Violation” if an unmanned vehicle breaks traffic laws. This law will be effective starting July 2026, and it mandates businesses to install emergency communication lines for first responders.
The bill, proposed by San Francisco council member Phil Ting, came in response to multiple incidents within the city that could obstruct traffic, endanger pedestrians, and interfere with emergency responses.
The new law empowers first responders to direct companies to relocate self-driving cars away from an area, requiring them to respond within two minutes.
Addressing concerns regarding leniency from officers, San Bruno police reaffirmed that “there is a statute allowing officers to issue notifications to companies.”
Initially launched as a project under Google’s X Research Lab in 2009, Waymo Cars operate using a combination of external cameras and sensors. The company has encountered its share of challenges in the past, having to recall over 1,200 vehicles earlier this year due to software glitches leading to collisions with barriers and other stationary objects. The National Highway Traffic Safety Bureau has also initiated an investigation last year after receiving reports of 22 incidents involving Waymo vehicles acting erratically or breaching traffic safety laws.
Becoming Hollywood’s most controversial figure is no small feat, especially with Mel Gibson still in the mix. Yet, in a career that has yet to truly begin, Tilly Norwood is making waves with Mind Corn.
The reason? Tilly Norwood is a fictional character created by an AI talent studio called Xicoia. Despite resembling a bizarre combination of Gal Gadot, Anna De Armas, and Vanessa Hudgens from her younger years, Norwood symbolizes a groundbreaking future for the film industry, at least according to Xicoia.
This weekend it was revealed at the Zurich Film Festival that Norwood is being marketed as the next Scarlett Johansson, with the studio eager to collaborate. However, it’s important to note that her mere existence raises concerns about the future of humanity, but that’s the reality of Hollywood.
So far, the backlash against Norwood has predominantly come from actors worried about job security. Melissa Barrera from Scream stated, “All actors should be represented by agents who drop A$$,” while Mara Wilson of Matilda commented. Ralph Ineson from Fantastic Four was even more direct, posting “Fuck off” in reference to Xicoia.
Remarkably, Norwood’s acting resume consists of just one AI-generated comedy sketch titled the AI Commissioner. “While I may be an AI creation, I’m feeling very real emotions right now,” Norwood shared on Facebook upon its release. “I can’t wait to see what’s next!”
Your reaction to such sketches may vary. Technically, it’s impressive to see lifelike movements on screen, but it’s also disconcerting and, at times, painful to watch. Seeing characters with unnaturally perfect teeth delivering stilted dialogues can be jarring. Notably, two months post-release, AI Commissioners accumulated only about 200,000 views, which is significantly less than Macaulay Culkin’s Hot Ones episode that reached 2.8 million views.
The potential threat is real for those in the entertainment industry who view Norwood and peers as inferior alternatives, especially given their lack of resources to establish their own identities. This is where AI talent, including actors, writers, and directors, comes into play. In essence, the future predicts that such replacements are inevitable, even if it leads to a surge of poor-quality content.
For some Hollywood executives, Norwood embodies the ideal actor—completely adaptable to the desires of directors and producers. There are no egos, no creative differences, and no exorbitant salaries or time-consuming physical changes to manage. If Norwood had starred in The Wizard of Oz instead of Judy Garland, Louis B. Mayer wouldn’t have had to resort to extreme measures to maintain her image. Isn’t that a perfect situation?
Ultimately, it is the audience who will determine whether AI becomes the new standard in filmmaking. Like so many aspects of Hollywood, its financial success will dictate Norwood’s viability more than any other factor. As a society, if we choose to invest in a manufactured character who struggles with inconsistent physical features, AI will likely persist for generations. Yet, we had similarly high hopes for 3D film technology when Avatar was released over ten years ago. It’s not hard to envision a scenario where this trend recedes after a few missteps.
Nevertheless, the silver lining is that we now know who the next Scarlett Johansson is supposed to be. If Hollywood is cashing in on this, I must caution them about Mr. Bonkibam, the whimsical character who simply painted a smiley face on his socks. He’s poised to be the next Tom Hanks, and he’s on the lookout for a lucrative deal.
South Korea’s intelligence agency has elevated the national cyber threat level due to fears that hackers may exploit the chaos caused by recent fires in government data centers, which have disrupted crucial digital infrastructure nationwide.
The National Cybersecurity Centre, managed by the Intelligence Reporting Agency, has raised its alert from “Warning” to “Warning” as of Monday, highlighting fears that hackers could take advantage of the vulnerabilities during recovery efforts.
The incident occurred on Friday evening at the National Information Resources Service in Great Jeon, approximately 140 kilometers (87 miles) south of Seoul. This facility is one of three operational government data centers that handle critical digital infrastructure across the nation.
Workers had relocated a Lithium-ion battery from the server room on the fifth floor to the basement when the fire started. It spread to other nearby batteries and servers, resulting in one worker sustaining first-degree burns, while firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze after 22 hours.
By Saturday morning, officials had shut down 647 government systems to prevent further damage. Government email and intranet systems were offline, along with mobile identification services, postal banks, complaint portals, and major government websites.
Schools lost access to student records, and tax deadlines passed without being processed. Real estate transactions faced delays due to the inability to verify digital documents. The national crematorium reservation system was impacted, and many hospitals and transport terminals initially left citizens without physical identification cards.
As of 1 PM on Tuesday, 89 out of the 647 affected systems had been restored, including significant government portals, postal services, and identity verification systems.
Officials estimate that 96 of the affected systems have suffered complete failure, necessitating a recovery period of about four weeks as they are moved to a large backup facility. This disruption is expected to persist through Chuseok, the major public holiday in early October.
President Lee Jae Myung issued an apology on Sunday. During a crisis meeting, he expressed dismay at the lack of a backup operating system, stating, “It was a foreseeable incident, but there were no countermeasures. It’s not that the measures didn’t work; they simply didn’t exist.”
When questioned about the backup procedures, an official remarked that they were “driving without a map.”
The upcoming Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit, set to be hosted in the southeastern city of Kyoto at the end of October, has raised security concerns as officials from the US, China, and other regions plan to attend.
In October 2022, a fire involving a lithium-ion battery at Kakao, the company behind the popular messaging app KakaoTalk, resulted in millions losing access to messaging, taxis, and digital payments, leading to national chaos.
Following the Kakao incident, parliament passed legislation mandating redundant systems and intervals between batteries and other equipment for internet service providers and data center operators.
The left-leaning Hankyoreh newspaper questioned what last week’s failures indicated about “a nation that prides itself on being an information technology powerhouse.”
In a similar vein, the conservative Dong-a Ilbo remarked that referring to South Korea as a digital leader has become “embarrassing.”
Lawmakers from both the ruling party and the opposition have traded blame regarding the responsibility for the crisis. President’s Chief of Staff Kang Hoon-Sik directed authorities on Monday to focus on resolving the issue rather than criticizing the previous administration.
The Hubble team has unveiled stunning images captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, showcasing half of the Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 6000.
This Hubble image reveals NGC 6000, a barred spiral galaxy located around 102 million light years away in the constellation Scorpius. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/A. Filippenko/MHözsaraç.
NGC 6000 is approximately 102 million light years distant from the constellation Scorpio.
Also known as ESO 450-20, IRAS 15467-2914, or LEDA 56145, this spiral galaxy spans nearly 67,000 light years.
It was first observed by British astronomer John Herschel on May 8, 1834.
Classified as a Seyfert II Galaxy, NGC 6000 is the brightest galaxy in the constellation of Scorpio.
“The NGC 6000 showcases a luminous yellow center surrounded by a sparkling blue region,” stated Hubble astronomers.
“These colors signify variations in the average age, mass, and temperature of the stars within the galaxy.”
“In the galaxy’s core, the stars tend to be older and smaller.”
“Interestingly, fewer giant stars are cooler compared to their larger counterparts; cooler stars appear red, while hotter stars take on a blue hue.”
“Along the spiral arm of NGC 6000, the Brilliant Star cluster is home to a young, massive star that distinctly looks blue.”
Hubble’s instruments gathered data from new images of NGC 6000 while investigating the site of a recent supernova explosion in a nearby galaxy.
“NGC 6000 has witnessed two supernovas: SN 2007CH in 2007 and SN 2010 in 2010,” noted the astronomer.
“We were able to detect the faint glow of the supernova several years post the initial explosion.”
“These observations assist in determining the star mass of supernova progenitor cells and whether they possess stellar companions.”
“If you zoom in on the right side of the galaxy disc in this image, you may notice other yellow and blue formations, which are four thin lines.”
“These represent asteroids from our solar system transit across Hubble’s field of vision while observing NGC 6000.”
“The four streaks arise from varying exposures captured sequentially with brief pauses in between, which we merged to create this final image.”
“The colors appear in this manner: each exposure captures specific red and blue wavelengths, as we used filters to isolate light at very particular wavelengths.”
“Collecting these individual exposures is vital for studying and comparing star colors, though it makes inter-agency intrusions quite apparent.”
According to new research published in the journal Food, daily consumption of mango (Mangifera indica) over a period of 24 weeks has shown improvements in both short- and long-term glycemic control, reduced insulin resistance, increased insulin sensitivity, and favorable changes in body composition for pre-diabetic patients. These findings indicate that incorporating fresh mangoes into the diet may aid glycemic control for those at high risk for type 2 diabetes, offering a practical food-based strategy to enhance body composition.
Daily consumption of mangoes for 24 weeks significantly enhanced glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in adults with diabetes, underscoring the potential of mangoes as an effective dietary strategy for metabolic health. Image credit: Mohan Nannapaneni.
Currently, over 130 million adults in the United States are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes, as reported by the CDC.
Predictions indicate that by 2030, nearly 40% of U.S. adults will be affected by prediabetes.
Early identification and prevention at the prediabetic stage is crucial, as many individuals remain unaware of their condition until complications arise.
Nutrition plays a vital role in glycemic control, and a balanced diet can promote both enhanced blood glucose regulation and overall long-term health.
In a diabetes prevention program, lifestyle interventions resulted in a 58% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, compared to a 31% reduction with metformin versus placebo. Thus, identifying accessible natural strategies to mitigate these risk factors is essential for delaying diabetes onset and minimizing associated complications.
Dietary practices enriched with fruits, vegetables, and bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects on glycemic control and metabolic health.
Mangoes, being tropical fruits, are rich in several bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, gallbladder acid, and quercetin.
“It’s not merely about the sugar content; the overall context of the food is crucial,” stated Dr. Raedeh Basiri, a Clinical Nutrition Researcher at George Mason University.
“This study stands as the first long-term clinical trial to showcase the metabolic and body composition benefits of mangoes for individuals with prediabetes.”
“Essentially, it’s about more than just the sugar present in food. The naturally occurring sugars in mangoes and other fruits are balanced by the fiber and other vitamins and nutrients that confer additional health advantages.”
“Foods with added sugars, like breakfast cereals and low-sugar snacks, often lack the same nutritional value and may even elevate the risk of diabetes.”
“The objective is to urge people to include whole fruits like mangoes in their dietary strategies for healthy eating and diabetes prevention.”
“Individuals at high risk for diabetes should emphasize not only the sugar content of their food but also how the sugar is delivered.”
Dr. Basiri and her team divided participants into two groups: one receiving fresh mangoes daily and the other receiving low-sugar granola bars.
Throughout the six-month study, researchers measured participants’ blood glucose levels, their insulin response, and body fat.
The results showed that the high-sugar content in mangoes (32 grams of sugar) was more beneficial than the low-sugar granola bars (11 grams of sugar).
The group consuming mangoes daily exhibited improved glycemic control, heightened insulin sensitivity, and reduced body fat.
“Our findings reinforce and broaden the emerging evidence on the metabolic advantages of consuming fresh mango daily among pre-diabetic individuals,” the researchers noted.
“Participants who ate an average of one mango each day for 24 weeks recorded lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the control group.”
“Future studies should utilize objective dietary biomarkers (like plasma carotenoids and urinary polyphenols) to enhance accuracy and credibility.”
“Additionally, exploring the mechanisms underlying these observed effects, including the role of bioactive compounds in mango on insulin signaling and inflammation, is essential, especially across diverse populations.”
“Longer follow-up periods and comparisons with other fruits and dietary strategies could provide clarity on the specific benefits of mangoes for metabolic health.”
“Final investigations should delve into broader health advantages of mango consumption beyond glycemic control and body composition, including potential impacts on metabolic pathways and variations in gene expression, as individual responses to the same foods can differ.”
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Raedeh Basiri et al. 2025. Daily mango intake improves blood glucose and body composition outcomes in prediabetic adults: a randomized controlled study. Food 14 (17): 2971; doi: 10.3390/foods14172971
Astronomers utilizing the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have identified a carbon-rich disk encircling CT Cha B, a massive exoplanet located approximately 620 light years from Earth in the Chamaeleon constellation. This discovery offers the first direct insights into the chemical and physical characteristics of the gas giant and the materials that might contribute to its potential lunar system.
Artistic rendering of dust and gas discs surrounding a young exoplanet CT Cha b. Image credits: NASA/ESA/CSA/STSCI/G. CUGNO, University of Zurich & NCCR Planets/S. Grant, Carnegie Institution for Science/J. Olmsted, Stsci/L. Hustak, Stsci.
CT CHA, also referred to as PDS 44 and TIC 454259409, is merely 2 million years old and continues to accumulate materials for its formation.
However, the disks identified by Webb are independent of the larger accretion disks surrounding the central star.
“We can observe signs of disks around companion celestial bodies and explore their chemistry for the first time,” remarks Dr. Sierra Grant, an astronomer at the Carnegie Institution for Science.
“We are not merely observing the moon’s formation; we are witnessing the planet’s formation as well.”
“We are investigating the materials involved in forming planets and moons,” added Dr. Gabriele Kuno, an astronomer from the University of Zurich and the National Center for Capacity for Research Planets.
An initial examination of Webb’s archived data revealed evidence of molecules in the surrounding disk, prompting deeper analysis of the data.
The planet’s faint signal is obscured by the glare of its host star, requiring astronomers to utilize high-contrast techniques to separate the star’s light from that of the planet.
“We detected molecules in the planet’s vicinity, indicating there was something significant to delve into within the data, which took us a year of dedicated effort. It truly required a lot of patience,” Dr. Grant stated.
Ultimately, researchers identified seven carbon-containing molecules within the disk, including acetylene (C2H2) and benzene (C6H6).
This carbon-rich chemistry contrasts sharply with that found in the disks around the host star, where water was detected alongside carbon.
The disparity between the two disks suggests rapid chemical evolution occurring within just 2 million years.
“We aim to better understand how our solar system formed its moons. This necessitates examining other systems that are still in the process of development. We are striving to comprehend all the underlying mechanisms,” Dr. Cugno explained.
“What do these moons resemble? What are their components? What physical processes are in action, and what are the associated timescales?”
“Webb is capturing the narrative of moon formation, enabling us to explore these questions observationally for the very first time.”
The survey results were published today in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
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Gabriele Cugno & Sierra L. Grant. 2025. A carbon-rich disk surrounding the planetary mass ally. ApJL 991, L46; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae0290
Researchers have discovered a new species within the marsupial genus Marmosa from a single specimen found on the eastern slopes of the Andes in the San Martin region of Peru.
Marmosa Chachapoya. Image credit: Pedro Peloso.
Marmosa is a relatively small genus of neotropical mammals belonging to the family Didelphidae.
It represents one of three genera commonly referred to as mouse opossums, with the others being Tamarins and Tracuatine.
Marmosa Professor Sylvia Pavan from California Polytechnic University and her team stated:
“In addition to the naming of this species Marmosa, phylogenetic analysis has recently identified two potential new species from northern Peru. One has been classified under the subgenus Stegomarmosa, while the other is situated among the species of the subgenus Mikureus.
The new Marmosa species was found at altitudes where no other species of this genus had previously been recorded.
Designated as Marmosa Chachapoya, these animals exhibit reddish-brown fur and distinct mask-like facial markings.
They have a combined body and tail length of up to 25 cm (10 inches), with the body measuring approximately 10 cm (4 inches).
Researchers note that Marmosa Chachapoya is closely related to two species in the subgenus Stegomarmosa: Marmosa Repida and Marmosa Undersoni.
“I quickly realized this was an extraordinary find,” said Professor Pavan.
“Currently, we know very little about this species, as only a single specimen has been collected.”
To verify its classification as a new species, scientists analyzed its DNA and physical characteristics, concentrating on notable features such as the elongated nose and slender body.
“Marmosa Chachapoya is not the only new species discovered during our expedition,” Professor Pavan remarked.
“We have collected several other specimens, including new semi-aquatic rodents that have yet to be officially described.”
“These discoveries are crucial for biodiversity and conservation efforts, underscoring the ongoing mysteries of biodiversity in this region.”
“The results suggest that there are additional undiscovered species, many of which may be at risk without proper protection.”
“It emphasizes the significant role of scientific exploration and conservation in areas like the Rio Abysseo.”
The team’s paper was published in the journal Novitate at the American Museum on June 19, 2025.
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Sylvia E. Pavan et al. 2025. New species of Marmosa (Mammals, Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) from Peru’s Parque Nacional del Rio Abysseo. Novitate at the American Museum 4037
The newly identified species, scientifically named Garga Draco Zephilius, marks a significant similarity between species from the Hayeg Basin in Romania and the well-known Brazilian Azdaltid pterosaur.
Reconstruction of the life of Garga Draco Zephilius in the late Maastrichtian environment, highlighting the nostalgia of the Serada Gargaziosite. Image credit: Matheus Gadelha.
Garga Draco Zephilius thrived in what is now Brazil approximately 70-67 million years ago, during the late Cretaceous period.
These flying reptiles belong to the Azdaltid family, renowned for hosting some of the largest flying creatures known to date.
“The Azdalcidae family represents the most diverse and widespread clade of pterosaurs during the Turonian Maastrichtian interval (94-67 million years ago),” they noted.
“This context underscores the anticipation surrounding the discovery of Azdaltid in the fossil-rich Baul group of Brazil.”
“Prior to our research, it was widely believed that no pterosaurs existed within the Baul group, despite its extensive tetrapod fauna richness and diversity.”
“Moreover, the discovery of Garga Draco Zephilius bridges a significant temporal gap in the regional pterosaur records, tracing its lineage back to the Lower Cretaceous Kaia group.”
Paleontologists found fragmentary jaws of Garga Draco Zephilius within the Serada Garga layer.
“The specimen originated from the Serada Gargaziosite in Serada Garga (Garga Hill), located 25 km north of Uberaba County,” they reported.
“This site is home to regions typical of the sauropod Titanosaur uberabatitan ribeiroi and is also recognized as the BR-050 site.”
Garga Draco Zephilius was a medium to large pterosaur with a wingspan ranging from 4-5 m (13-16 feet).
This species signifies the first Brazilian azdaltide and shows notable similarities to Albadraco Tharmisensis from Romania.
“Despite being fragmentary, the specimen exhibits distinct morphological characteristics that set it apart from other azdaltids,” the researchers concluded.
“It showcases a unique set of traits that allow it to be categorized as a relative of the European azhdarchids, particularly Albadraco Tharmisensis, which include features like the V-shaped cross-section, low/rounded tomial edges, symmetrically paired rows of occlusal holes, and a high-hole index.”
“The phylogenetic analysis provides support for the relationship between this new form and its sister taxon, Albadraco Tharmisensis.
“Ultimately, the discovery of these rare small specimens with potential hatching remains holds significant importance.”
The findings are detailed in a study published this month in Paleontology Papers.
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Ariovaldo A. Giaretta et al. 2025. The first pterosaur from the Baul group: Azdalcid from the upper Cretaceous period of Brazil. Paleontology Papers 11(5): E70039; doi: 10.1002/spp2.70039
Bubbles formed in water can generate electric sparks powerful enough to ignite methane.
In marshy areas, observers sometimes notice a mysterious flash of blue light hovering above the surface. A plausible explanation for these “Will-o’-the-wisps,” or Ignis Fatuus, is that the flashes originate from the combustion of gases such as methane and phosphine, produced by decomposing organic matter in the murky waters below. However, the ignition source for these gases remains uncertain, with theories suggesting causes ranging from static electricity to lightning strikes.
Recently, Richard Zare from Stanford University and his team have observed spontaneous electrical sparks occurring between methane bubbles and air submerged underwater, dubbing them microlites. They assert that these occurrences have sufficient energy to ignite methane gas.
“We are continually uncovering new phenomena about water. They seem obvious once we grasp them, but prior to that, they appear entirely bizarre,” Zare remarks. “People typically associate water with extinguishing fires, not igniting them. Instead, it can generate sparks that light a fire. This concept is revolutionary.”
Zare and his team previously documented water droplets, comparable to the size of salt grains, generating sparks spontaneously. This led them to hypothesize that similar effects could arise from methane bubbles in water. They employed nozzles to inject microbubbles of methane combined with air into water and utilized a high-speed camera, photon counter, and spectrometer to monitor bubble interactions.
As the bubbles ascended through the water, they altered their shape and merged. Upon collision, the contrast in charge between the bubbles sparked flashes, which Zare’s team successfully recorded using both the camera counter and the photon counter.
They also analyzed the light frequency from the flashes, finding it consistent with signatures of specific chemically excited compounds. This indicates that the sparks are potent enough to ignite gases like methane.
Microlight between air and methane-containing foam
Yusia
“[The Italian physicist Alessandro] Volta was the first to assert that these ignis fatuus exist and speculated on their nature. In some ways, he was correct, but not for the reasons he thought. They actually originate from the droplets.”
“This is incredibly intriguing,” states Detlef Lohse from the University of Twente in the Netherlands. While this does not definitively resolve the mystery of Will-o’-the-wisps, it presents a credible explanation, and the findings are likely to stimulate further research.
Alexander Grothendieck was a towering figure in mathematics
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When you ask someone to name the top 20 physicists of the 20th Century, Albert Einstein will likely be at the forefront of their thoughts. However, a similar inquiry regarding mathematics may leave you with silence. Let me introduce you to Alexander Grothendieck.
Einstein, known for formulating the theory of relativity and playing a pivotal role in the advancement of quantum mechanics, became not only an influential physicist but a cultural icon. Grothendieck, too, revolutionized mathematics in profound ways, but he withdrew from public and academic life before his passing, leaving behind a legacy characterized solely by his groundbreaking contributions.
In contrast, while both Grothendieck and Einstein brought complexity to their respective fields, the former’s approach lacked the narrative charm that made Einstein’s theories, such as the twin paradox, more accessible. Grothendieck’s work, on the other hand, often veers into intricate and abstract concepts. I will endeavor to shed light on some of these profound ideas, even if my coverage is necessarily superficial.
To begin, Grothendieck is primarily renowned among mathematicians for revolutionizing the foundations of algebraic geometry, a domain examining the interplay between algebraic equations and geometric shapes. For instance, the equation x² + y² = 1 creates a circle of radius one when graphed.
Rene Descartes, a 17th-century philosopher, was among the first to formalize the relationship between algebra and geometry. This intersection, nevertheless, is far more intricate than it appears. Mathematicians are keen on generalizing, allowing them to form connections that were not previously evident. Grothendieck excelled in this endeavor—his life was depicted in a book recounting “the search for the greatest generality,” a hallmark of his mathematical ethos.
Taking our previous example, the points satisfying the equation and forming the circle are referred to as “algebraic varieties.” These varieties may reside not only on a Cartesian plane but also in three-dimensional space (like a sphere) or even in higher dimensions.
This foundational idea was merely the beginning for Grothendieck. As an illustration, consider the equations x² = 0 and x = 0. Each has a single solution where x equals 0, meaning the set of points (algebraic varieties) is identical. However, these equations are distinct. In 1960, during his quest for broader generality, Grothendieck introduced the notion of “schemes.”
What does this entail? It involves another concept, the “ring.” Confusingly, this term has no relation to circles. In mathematics, “rings” represent collections of objects that remain within that set when added or multiplied. In many respects, a ring is self-contained, akin to its namesake.
The simplest form of a ring is the integers: all negative integers, positive integers, and zero. Regardless of how you operate with integers, whether through addition or multiplication, you will remain within the integers. Moreover, a defining feature of a ring is the presence of a “multiplicative identity.” For integers, this identity is 1, since multiplying any integer by 1 results in that integer remaining unchanged. We also gain insight into what does not constitute a ring.
Through the introduction of schemes, Grothendieck effectively combined the notion of algebraic varieties with that of rings, addressing the missing elements for equations such as x² = 0 and x = 0 while utilizing geometric tools.
Handwritten notes by Alexander Grothendieck in 1982
University of Montpellier, Grothendieck Archives
This leads to two significant challenges that became pivotal for mathematicians. The first concerns four conjectures proposed by mathematician Andre Weil in 1949 regarding counting the number of solutions to certain types of algebraic varieties. In the context of the circle example, an infinite number of values satisfy the equation x² + y² = 1 (indicative of a circle containing infinite points). However, Weil was focused on varieties that permit only a finite number of solutions and speculated that the zeta function could likely be employed to count such solutions.
Utilizing the scheme, Grothendieck and his colleagues validated Weil’s three conjectures in 1965. The fourth was proved by his former student Pierre Deligne in the latter half of 1974 and is viewed as one of the 20 most significant outcomes in 20th-century mathematics, addressing challenges that had puzzled mathematicians for 25 years. This success underscored the profound power of Grothendieck’s schemes in linking geometry with number theory.
The scheme also played a crucial role in solving the infamous Fermat’s Last Theorem, a problem that confounded mathematicians for over 350 years, ultimately resolved by Andrew Wiles in 1995. The theorem states that there are no three positive integers a, b, and c that satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value of n greater than 2. Fermat had paradoxically written of a proof that was too vast to fit within the margin of his book, although he likely had no proof at all. Wiles’ solution incorporated methods developed post-Grothendieck, utilizing algebraic geometry to reformulate the problem in terms of elliptic curves—a particularly important class of algebraic varieties—which were studied through the lens of the scheme, inspired by Grothendieck’s innovative approach.
There remains a wealth of Grothendieck’s work that I have not explored, which forms the foundational tools many mathematicians rely on today. For instance, he generalized the concept of “space” to encompass “topoi,” introducing not only points within a space but also additional nuanced information, enriching problem-solving approaches. Alongside his collaborators, he authored two extensive texts on algebraic geometry which now serve as the essential reference works for the discipline.
Despite the magnitude of his influence, why does Grothendieck remain somewhat obscure? His work is undeniably complex, demanding considerable effort to understand. He also became a lesser-known figure for various reasons. A committed pacifist, he publicly opposed military actions in the Soviet Union, and notably declined to attend the prestigious 1966 Fields Medal ceremony, famously stating that “fruitfulness is measured not by honors, but by offspring,” indicating a preference for his mathematical contributions to stand on their own merit.
In 1970, Grothendieck withdrew from academia, resigning from his role at the French Institute for Advanced Scientific Research in protest against military funding. Though he initially continued his mathematical pursuits independent of formal institutions, he grew increasingly isolated. In 1986, he penned his autobiography, Harvest and Sowing, detailing his mathematical journey and disillusionment with the field. The following year, he created a philosophical manuscript, The Key to Dreams, sharing how a divine dream influenced his outlook. While both texts circulated among mathematicians, they were not officially published for some time.
Over the ensuing decade, Grothendieck further distanced himself from society, residing in a secluded French village, severing ties with the math community. At one point, he even attempted to subsist solely on dandelion soup until locals intervened. He is believed to have continued producing extensive writings on mathematics and philosophy, though none of these works were released to the public. In 2010, he began sending letters to various mathematicians. None were demands for engagement. Despite the myriad connections forged within mathematics, he ultimately chose to disengage from them personally. Grothendieck passed away in 2014, leaving behind an immeasurable mathematical legacy.
Cannabis extracts tested for chronic pain treatment
Cappi Thompson/Getty Images
Extracts from cannabis have shown potential in relieving chronic low back pain, offering an alternative to traditional painkillers with minimal risk of serious side effects or addiction.
At present, treatment options for chronic pain are limited, forcing many patients to rely on opioids, which carry a substantial risk of addiction.
The experimental drug VER-01 is derived from the cannabis plant and contains 5% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active ingredient.
In a clinical trial, 820 participants with chronic low back pain were randomly assigned to receive either VER-01 or a placebo over a 12-week period. The results indicated an average pain score reduction of 1.9 for those taking VER-01 on a scale of 0-10, compared to a reduction of 1.4 for those on placebo. No adverse events signaling risks of withdrawal or abuse were reported.
This study stands out as one of the most rigorous to validate a cannabis-based treatment for chronic pain, contributing to the increasing interest in cannabis as a legitimate pain management option.
“This is among the first high-quality research initiatives on medical cannabis that many have been anticipating, both researchers and patients alike,” states Winfried Meissner, a researcher at Jena University Hospital in Germany. “Previous evidence has been weak, with past studies lacking in quality and participants.”
Participants taking VER-01 also reported marked improvements in sleep quality and physical functioning, with mild side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, and nausea. Patients were able to gradually increase their dosage to 13 times per day during the treatment.
This treatment proved particularly effective for lower back pain originating from nerve damage, classified as neuropathic pain. Meissner emphasizes that patients with chronic pain should initially pursue physical therapy, while painkillers can assist those unable to engage in movement. “Even a modest degree of pain relief can motivate patients to exercise,” he explains.
Although the pain reduction was not dramatic, significant reductions in chronic pain are uncommon. Marta Di Forti from King’s College London, who was not involved in the study, notes, “The improvement in sleep quality, a secondary outcome of the research, can profoundly influence daily functioning.” “In chronic pain instances, substantial effects are rare.”
Di Forti added that the study showed no signs of drug dependence among the participants, hoping this could pave the way for a prescription. She frequently hears from patients who find cannabis effective but resort to purchasing it from dealers. She highlights the variability in THC levels in cannabis products, which can lead to excessive consumption and increase the potential for substance misuse.
“In an environment where claims about cannabis proliferate, we are rigorously testing it through randomized controlled trials,” she asserts. “In my opinion, the evidence that it alleviates pain is excellent news.”
While we can’t physically pivot our ears towards sounds, our brains excel at honing in on them
Experienced Skins/Getty Images
Many mammals, such as dogs, cats, and deer, possess the ability to direct their hearing. Humans lost this capability around 25 million years ago. Nonetheless, new findings suggest that although we lack these physical ear adjustments, our brains have developed compensatory skills to discern the most intense sounds in particular directions.
This study utilized mobile EEG to observe brain electrical activity as participants moved. Previously, EEG techniques involved participants sitting still with electrodes attached to their scalps. However, advancements in lighter, wireless EEG technology now enable measurements of brain activity during movement, creating links between behavior and brain function.
Research indicates that movement significantly influences brain function. “Active exploration enhances perception, fosters spatial mapping, and integrates multisensory information into a cohesive spatial awareness,” says Maren Schmidt Kassow from Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, who was not part of this study. “Cognition is fundamentally tied to behavior.”
Studies from Barbara Handel at the University of Würzburg, Germany, demonstrate that walking improves visual information processing, increasing the likelihood of noticing nearby objects. This enhancement typically diminishes when one is stationary. Her team has found that a similar principle applies to auditory perception; the brain continuously adjusts its focus to prioritize the most salient sounds.
During the experiment, 35 participants were outfitted with mobile EEG and motion sensors and instructed to navigate a figure-eight path while listening to a continuous audio stream through in-ear headphones.
The EEG data revealed significant boosts in auditory processing when participants moved compared to when they were standing still. As they turned, their brains further adapted, prioritizing sounds from the direction they were facing. Continuously along the path, the brain’s focus shifted from side to side as they turned, either panning from one speaker to another or physically orienting towards the sound source.
Team member Liyu Cao from Jiang Province, Hangzhou, China, speculates that this internal ear mobility may be an evolutionary adaptation for enhanced safety. “This could facilitate quicker reaction times and safer navigation in changing environments,” he states.
The findings could lead to advancements in filtering background noise based on a person’s walking direction, thereby improving navigational aids for visually impaired individuals and enhancing hearing aid functionality, according to Haendel.
Moreover, this research could shed light on why exercising outdoors seems to confer greater benefits for brain health and cognitive function compared to activities performed on treadmills or stationary bikes. “Movement dynamics extend beyond just muscle activity,” Handel remarks. “Your brain adapts not only how you move but also how it functions. It’s about harnessing that interaction for optimal performance.”
The above image displays untreated E. coli bacteria, with the lower image showing the effects of polymyxin B after 90 minutes.
Carolina Borrelli, Edward Douglas et al./Nature Microbiology
High-resolution microscopy unveils how polymyxins, a class of antibiotics, penetrate bacterial defenses, offering insights for developing treatments against drug-resistant infections.
Polymyxins serve as a last-resort option for treating Gram-negative bacteria responsible for serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and typhoid fever. “The priority pathogens identified by the top three health agencies globally are predominantly Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting their complex cell envelopes,” states Andrew Edwards from Imperial College London.
These bacteria possess an outer layer of lipopolysaccharides that functions as armor. While it was known that polymyxins target this layer, the mechanisms of their action and the reasons for inconsistent effectiveness remained unclear.
In a pivotal study, Edwards and his team employed biochemical experiments combined with nuclear power microscopy, capturing details at the nanoscale. They discovered that polymyxin B, amongst other treatments, actively targets E. coli cells.
Shortly after treatment commenced, the bacteria rapidly began releasing lipopolysaccharides.
Researchers observed that the presence of antibiotics prompted bacteria to attempt to assimilate more lipopolysaccharide “bricks” into their protective walls. However, this effort resulted in gaps, allowing antibiotics to penetrate and destroy the bacteria.
“Antibiotics are likened to tools that aid in the removal of these ‘bricks’,” Edwards explains. “While the outer membrane doesn’t entirely collapse, gaps appear, providing an entryway for antibiotics to access the internal membrane.”
The findings also elucidate why antibiotics occasionally fail: they predominantly affect active, growing bacteria. When in a dormant state, polymyxin B becomes ineffective as these bacteria do not produce armor strong enough to withstand environmental pressures.
E. coli images exposed to polymyxin B illustrate changes to the outer membrane over time: untreated, 15 mins, 30 mins, 60 mins, and 90 mins.
Carolina Borrelli, Edward Douglas et al./Nature Microbiology
Interestingly, researchers found that introducing sugar to E. coli could awaken dormant cells, prompting armor production to resume within 15 minutes, leading to cell destruction. This phenomenon is thought to be applicable to other polymyxins, such as polymyxin E, used therapeutically.
Edwards proposes that targeting dormant bacteria with sugar might be feasible, though it poses the risk of hastening their growth. “We don’t want bacteria at infection sites rapidly proliferating due to this stimulation,” he cautions. Instead, he advocates for the potential to combine various drugs to bypass dormancy without reactivating the bacteria.
What is the quantum nature of time? We may be on the verge of discovering it
Quality Stock / Alamy
How does time manifest for a genuine quantum entity? The most advanced clocks can rapidly address this query, enabling us to test various ways to manipulate and alter the quantum realm, thereby delving into the uncharted territories of physics.
The notion that time can shift originates from Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity. As an object approaches the speed of light, it appears to experience time more slowly compared to a stationary observer. He expands upon this with a general theory of relativity, which demonstrates a similar temporal distortion in the presence of a gravitational field. Igor Pikovsky from the Stevens Institute in New Jersey and his team aim to uncover whether a similar effect occurs within the microscopic quantum landscape, utilizing ultra-cold clocks constructed from ions.
“The experiments we’ve performed until now have always focused on classical time, disregarding quantum mechanics,” says Pikovsky. “We’ve observed a regime where conventional explanations falter with an ion clock,” he continues.
These clocks consist of thousands of ions cooled to temperatures nearing absolute zero via laser manipulation. At such low temperatures, the quantum state of an ion and its embedded electrons can be precisely controlled through electromagnetic forces. Thus, the ticks of an ion clock are governed by the electrons oscillating between two distinct quantum states.
Since their behavior is dictated by quantum mechanics, these instruments provided an ideal platform for Pikovsky and his colleagues to investigate the interplay between relativistic and quantum phenomena on timekeeping. Pikovski mentions that they’ve identified several scenarios where this blending is evident.
One example arises from the intrinsic fluctuations inherent in quantum physics. Even at ultra-low temperatures, quantum objects cannot be completely static and instead must oscillate, randomly gaining or losing energy. Team calculations indicated that these fluctuations could lead to extended clock time measurements. Although the effect is minute, it is detectable in current ion clock experiments.
The researchers also mathematically analyzed the behavior of ions in a clock when “compressed,” resulting in “superpositions” of multiple quantum states. They found that these states are closely linked to the motion of the ions, influenced by their internal electrons. The states of ions and electrons are interconnected at a quantum level. “Typically, experiments necessitate creative methods to establish entanglements. The intriguing aspect here is that it arises organically,” explains team member Christian Sanner from Colorado State University.
Pikovski asserts that it is intuitive to think that quantum objects existing in superposition cannot simply perceive time linearly, though this effect has yet to be experimentally confirmed. He believes it should be achievable in the near future.
Team member Gabriel Solch from the Stevens Institute of Technology mentions that the next step is incorporating another crucial aspect of modern physics: gravity. Ultra-cold clocks can currently detect temporal extensions caused by significant variations in the Earth’s gravitational pull, such as when elevated by a few millimeters, but the exact integration of these effects with the intrinsic quantum characteristics of the clock remains an unresolved question.
“I believe it is quite feasible with our existing technology,” adds David Hume from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Colorado. He highlights that the primary challenge is to mitigate ambient disturbances affecting the clock to ensure it doesn’t overshadow the effects suggested by Pikovsky’s team. Successful experiments could pave the way for exploring unprecedented physical phenomena.
“Such experiments are thrilling because they create a platform for theories to interact in a domain where they could yield fresh insights,” remarks Alexander Smith at St. Anselm College, New Hampshire.
While cat videos, selfies, and dad jokes dominate social media, Mark Zuckerberg’s Meta has added an innovative twist: all content is generated by artificial intelligence.
The founder and CEO of Meta has unveiled Vibes, a fresh feed showcasing AI-produced videos from various Meta AI applications.
With the introduction of advanced video models, discussions surrounding internet phenomena like AI “slop” (referring to bizarre, mass-produced content) have intensified. A report in August from The Guardian indicated that 10% of the fastest-growing YouTube channels exclusively feature AI-generated content.
As the technology evolves, AI-generated content is becoming increasingly prominent in consumer feeds. Google’s VEO3 model, released in May, has enabled filmmakers to produce high-quality material.
Zuckerberg, in an Instagram post, described Vibes as “a feed of expressive AI-generated videos from artists and creators.” This feature will launch in the US and over 40 other countries, although it won’t be available in the UK.
In an explanatory clip featuring an AI maid titled “Dad trying to calculate tips for a $30 lunch,” Zuckerberg received a comment from an Instagram user, “The Brothers post AI Slops to their apps.”
Additional videos shared by Zuckerberg include an Egyptian princess snapping selfies, a kitten in a custom bakery outfit kneading dough, an adorable fluffy creature, and a dog dashing through a flooded area.
In a statement introducing the Vibes Feed, Meta mentioned that users can create their content and “remix” videos with fresh visuals and music. This was illustrated in videos featuring charming animals like honey monsters riding bicycles and moose bouncing on trampolines.
While Meta has its own range of AI models called llamas, Vibe leverages video generation technologies from AI Labs Midjourney and Black Forest. I’ll post it on the thread shared by Meta’s new Chief AI Officer, Alexandre Wan.
Meta’s announcement coincides with a Harvard Business Review article addressing the rise of “Workslop,” a term for low-quality documents and presentations generated by workplace AI tools. HBR’s survey of over 1,100 full-time employees revealed that four out of ten respondents reported receiving Workslop within the past month.
A hacker threatens to release personal information and photographs of thousands of nursery children online unless a ransom is paid.
Identified by the alias Shine, the hacker compromised the UK-based Kido Nursery chain and revealed the profiles of 10 children online on Thursday. Their Dark Web site features a “Data Leak Roadmap,” indicating plans to “publish 30 profiles of personal data for each child and 100 employees.”
A cybersecurity briefing reviewed by the Guardian suggests that Radiant is a new entity within the cybercrime landscape, “pushing the limits of morality and practicality.”
The group’s online content demonstrates proficient English skills; however, there are hints they may not be Western, attributed to a “slight awkwardness” in their phrasing, the analysis indicates.
The Radiant Gang’s “leak sites”—a common strategy in ransomware attacks displaying victim data on the dark web—contain 10 Kido customer profiles for parents, which include the child’s name, date of birth, parent’s and grandparent’s names, as well as address and phone number.
The site claims to possess sensitive information on over 8,000 children and their families, documenting incidents, protection reports, and claims. All Kido nurseries in the UK have reported being impacted.
The leak site mentioned its efforts to negotiate with Kido, stating, “It’s slowly leaking, which undermines the entire company and prompts them to continue the dialogue.”
A spokesperson from Kido stated: “We have recently identified and responded to cyber incidents. We are collaborating with external experts to investigate and determine the details of what occurred. We will promptly inform both our families and relevant authorities and maintain close communication with them.”
The nursery chain is collaborating with authorities, including the intelligence committee’s office, Ofsted, and the Metropolitan Police, which is currently conducting an investigation.
An email from Kido UK CEO Catherine Stoneman, reviewed by the Guardian, noted a “complex” forensic investigation and emphasized treating the incident as a “first priority.” She suggested that the breach involved “two third-party systems responsible for processing certain data.”
Stoneman elaborated: “If we confirm that family information has been compromised, affected families have been contacted. If you have not received direct communication, that means there is no forensic evidence indicating your data has been impacted.”
With 18 locations across London, the US, India, and China, Kido informed parents that the breach occurred due to criminal access to data hosted on a software service known as Famly.
Famly’s CEO, Anders Laustsen, stated: “We will conduct a comprehensive investigation into this matter to ensure that Famly’s security and infrastructure have not been compromised.
One parent shared with the BBC that she received a threatening phone call from a hacker.
Sean, whose child attends Kido Nursery in Tooting, southwest London, expressed that neither he nor any parents he knew had been directly informed by the nursery about the potential compromise of their children’s data. “How could they obtain details for specific kids, not just generally? That’s the real issue,” he remarked.
Sean noted that he viewed the risk of real-time information regarding children—such as through cyberattacks—as a necessary trade-off for using the app. He empathized with nursery staff who bear the brunt of parental complaints, pointing out that the app provider should be held accountable.
“One of the obviously alarming aspects is that anyone could stoop to such depths to extort money from a nursery while using children as leverage,” he said.
Authorities are cautioning businesses against paying hacker ransoms to help prevent the perpetuation of criminal activities, as cyberattacks continue to escalate in frequency.
Recent high-profile victims include Co-ops, Marks & Spencer, and Jaguar Land Rover. Many of these attacks have been linked to an English-speaking cybercrime group known as “scattered spiders.”
The M&S hack utilized ransomware commonly associated with Russian-speaking cyber gangs, including software designed to lock target IT systems.
The BBC communicated with criminals via the Signal messaging app, found them fluent in English but learned that it wasn’t their primary language, and they employed others for calls.
The hacker remarked, “We do it for profit, not just for the sake of being criminals. I know I’m committing crimes and this isn’t my first or my last.”
They added that the public scrutiny was too intense, leading them to refrain from targeting nurseries again.
IT is the season for all the warm and cozy entertainment options. This encompasses the longing to illuminate the night, gather around a roaring fire, and nestle into an armchair with something thrilling. Familiarity plays a crucial role in comfort, so I won’t stray from tradition. Here are 10 new games perfect for sinking into the sofa as evening falls and the warmth of heating prevails…
This sequel to the quirky gardening puzzle game has you temporarily working as a sales assistant in a shop bursting with odd artifacts, totems, and potions. Visitors present unique problems, requiring you to consult an encyclopedia, sift through eerie inventory, and locate the appropriate occult item. It’s fascinating enough, especially as you become absorbed in the broader mystery that keeps you captivated during many rainy evenings.
Two Point Museum (PC, PS5, Xbox)
Control… 2 Point Museum. Photo: 2 Point Studios/Sega
The Two Point series has previously managed hospitals and universities. Now, it tackles museums where you can discover artifacts and showcase them attractively to draw visitors. Filled with silly jokes and engaging mechanics, this game offers a rich, challenging experience perfect for cozy evenings by the fireplace.
The beloved farming simulator makes its latest entry as Grand Bazaar, where you move to a quaint country town to establish farms, cultivate crops, raise animals, and sell goods at local markets. With its serene visuals, leisurely pace, and charming characters, it feels like living in your own cozy Sunday night television show.
Wonderstop (PC, PS5, Xbox)
It makes me feel better… Wonderstop. Photo: Annapurna Interactive
Crafted by the talented Davey Wreden (Stanley Parable, The Beginner’s Guide), Wonderstop follows a quirky warrior who abandons combat to operate a tea shop. Your tasks involve brewing drinks, cleaning up, tending to the garden, and gradually building a more positive outlook on life. A colorful and uplifting experience awaits.
Tiny Bookshop (PC, Switch)
Charming… a tiny bookshop. Photo: Neoludic Games
In a cozy and whimsical world, the notion of characters escaping their past to open a bookstore in a remote village has become a popular narrative. Now, you can join in on the fun. Navigate your mobile bookshop around Bookstonbury’s Seaside Hamlet, interact with locals, and discover which novels resonate with you. This delightful and engaging game is the perfect cuddle companion for avid readers.
Bring your whimsical persona to life, turning mundane household objects into charming characters as you explore suburban homes seeking potential romantic connections. Engage in amusing dialogues with items like your phone, detergent, and even the staircase. It’s not as absurd as reality shows like Love Island, I promise.
The Roottrees Are Dead (PC)
Unraveling the mystery… The Roottree Are Dead. Photo: Evil Trout Inc
The Roottree Dynasty, owners of a sprawling candy empire, faced devastation with a tragic plane crash. Use your in-game computer to uncover evidence through photos, articles, and documents, piecing together relationships and constructing a comprehensive family tree. This intriguing effort released last January now features a remastered version that adds even more mystery to unravel.
A charming and clever puzzle game where you must arrange groups of individuals based on their preferences and mutual dislikes. Whether on a crowded bus, at the cinema, or a wedding reception, your task is to seat the right person next to another or deliberately create a scene. This fun twist could also prove beneficial if you’re planning a festive dinner party.
Flowers and Favors (PC, Switch, Coming Soon)
Lovely bouquet… Flowers and Favors. Photo: Misk Games
Yes, it’s yet another delightful shopkeeping simulation, but this one takes place in a florist’s shop catering to an endearing clientele. I gave this a whirl because I read Sarah Maria Griffin’s intriguing novel, *Eat the Rich*, and found the exquisite floral designs uplifting the overall ambiance of this sweet and charming bouquet game.
Mina The Hollower (PC, PS5, Switch, Xbox)
A nostalgic adventure… Mina The Hollower. Photo: Yacht Club Game
This feels like a cheat since it’s set to release on October 31st, yet it deserves a spot as the latest retro endeavor from Yacht Club Games, known for the revered platformer *Shovel Knight*. It captures the essence of classic Game Boy color games, making it an ideal nostalgic getaway.
Humans are inherently social beings. Our evolution took place within communities, leading to the creation of the complex civilizations we know today. At a fundamental level, we crave the company of others.
So, why might you occasionally wish for some time alone on this planet?
I consider myself a humanist, a pluralist, and generally a pleasant individual. However, there are moments—though I seldom admit it—when I yearn for the mass of humanity to fade away, at least for a while.
After all, with a global population of 8 billion, I can’t be the only one. The urge to find solitude can be just as powerful as our innate need for companionship.
Research highlights this desire: Loneliness. It reflects the negative feelings and emotional states that arise when you don’t carve out some personal time for yourself.
Introverts like myself are particularly attuned to this, though we are not alone in our feelings.
Advantages of Spending Time Alone
Parents grappling with long school holidays can find this challenge overwhelming. Those who live in bustling shared spaces or work in hectic environments, like schools and hospitals, share similar sentiments.
Interestingly, the concept of solitude fascinates many. Dr. Thuy-vy Nguyen, a Professor of Psychology at Durham University, emphasizes its importance through her research. She asserts that spending time alone facilitates recovery from stress.
“Our research consistently shows that being alone is beneficial for emotional regulation,” she explains.
“Initially, we induce stress in participants during experiments. Following this, we allow them to spend time alone in a room, where they experience noticeable calm in just 15-30 minutes.”
Remarkably, this emotional calming effect diminished when participants were with others, possibly because solitude offers essential opportunities for rest and renewal.
Engaging in activities like hiking in nature or pursuing creative hobbies can be fulfilling—Credit: Ipei Naoi via Getty
Feelings of anger, anxiety, and excessive excitement are often accompanied by cognitive burdens, which appear to dissipate when we allow ourselves to be alone.
Nguyen has even observed physical changes. “We track cortisol levels, which indicate stress, and see it decrease with solitude,” she notes.
This gentle feeling of relief is just one of the benefits. Research during the Covid-19 lockdown showed that solitary time could boost creativity. Other studies indicate that time spent alone can enhance self-compassion and resilience.
The Difference Between Loneliness and Solitude
It might sound odd to some, especially those who view solitude as detrimental. It’s often linked to poor mental health, increased cardiovascular risks, and a higher likelihood of early mortality.
However, it’s crucial to differentiate between loneliness and solitude. Loneliness can feel imposed, but solitude is something one can embrace and nurture.
Nguyen suggests introducing structure into your alone time, stating, “Empty time can be daunting for many. Give yourself a task.”
In one experiment, she found that participants who sorted hundreds of pencils preferred this engaging activity over simply sitting idle. Another study revealed that some individuals would choose to self-administer mild electric shocks rather than endure the discomfort of doing nothing.
In her free time, Nguyen enjoys crafting miniature models, a healthier alternative to mindless screen time. Other fulfilling options could include reading, gardening, tackling jigsaw puzzles, or sketching.
“Opt for a hands-on activity,” she advises, but avoid jumping straight to your phone.
Nguyen is currently exploring how distracting devices might disrupt the cognitive processes that solitude can stimulate.
“When we are alone, we gain the chance to reflect on our days,” she remarks. “However, smartphones often divert our attention and push us into multitasking instead.”
Another tip is to get outside when possible, especially if you feel overwhelmed.
“If you’re constantly surrounded by stress, you might struggle to leave that environment when alone,” Nguyen explains. “That’s why many parents feel the need to step outside their homes. There’s a marked difference between just being alone and dedicating time to oneself.”
When lonely parents express a need for space during busy holiday seasons, they’re speaking a universal truth.
I was 34 when the concept of the World Wide Web first came to me. I seized every chance to discuss it, presenting it in meetings, sketching it on whiteboards, or even carving it into the snow on ski poles during what was supposed to be a leisurely day with friends.
I approached the venerable folks at the European Nuclear Research Institute (CERN), where I first encountered this idea. “A bit eccentric” they said, but eventually, they relented and allowed me to pursue it. My vision involved merging two existing computer technologies: the Internet and hypertext, which facilitates linking standard documents with “links.”
I was convinced that if users had an effortless method to navigate the Internet, it would unleash creativity and collaboration on a global scale. Given time, anything could find its place online.
However, for the web to encompass everything, it had to be accessible to everyone. This was already a significant ask. Furthermore, we couldn’t ask users to pay for every search or upload they generated. To thrive, it had to be free. Hence, in 1993, CERN’s management made the pivotal decision to donate the World Wide Web’s intellectual property, placing it in the public domain. We handed over the web to everyone.
Today, as I reflect on my invention, I find myself questioning: Is the web truly free today? Not entirely. We witness a small number of large platforms extracting users’ private data and distributing it to commercial brokers and oppressive governments. We face omnipresent, addictive algorithms that negatively impact the mental health of teenagers. The exploitation of personal data for profit stands in stark contrast to my vision of a free web.
On many platforms, we are no longer customers; we have become products. Even our anonymous data is sold to entities we never intended to reach, allowing them to target us with specific content and advertisements. This includes deliberately harmful content that incites real-world violence, spreads misinformation, disrupts psychological well-being, and undermines social cohesion.
There is a technical solution to return that agency to the individual. SOLID is an open-source interoperability standard that my team and I developed at MIT more than a decade ago. Applications utilizing SOLID do not automatically own your data; they must request it, allowing you to decide whether to grant permission. Instead of having your data scattered across various locations on the Internet, under the control of those who could profit from it, you can manage it all in one place.
Sharing your information intelligently can lead to its liberation. Why do smartwatches store biological data in one silo? Why does a credit card categorize financial data in another format altogether? Why are comments on YouTube, posts on Reddit, updates on Facebook, and tweets all locked away in disparate places? Why is there a default expectation that you shouldn’t have access to this data? You create all this data: your actions, choices, body, preferences, decisions, and beyond. You must claim ownership of it. You should leverage it to empower yourself.
Somewhere between my original vision for Web 1.0 and the emergence of social media with Web 2.0, we veered off path. We stand at a new crossroads, one that will determine whether AI will serve to enhance or harm society. How do we learn from the mistakes of the past? Firstly, we must avoid repeating the decade-long lag that policymakers experienced with social media. Deciding on an AI governance model cannot be delayed; action is imperative.
In 2017, I composed a thought experiment regarding AI that works for you. I named it Charlie. Charlie is designed to serve you, similar to your doctor or lawyer, adhering to legal standards and codes of conduct. Why shouldn’t AI operate within the same framework? From our experiences with social media, we learned that power resides in monopolizing the control and collection of personal data. We cannot allow the same to happen with AI.
So, how do we progress? Much of the discontent with democracy in the 21st century stems from governments being sluggish in addressing the needs of digital citizens. The competitive landscape of the AI industry is ruthless, with development and governance largely dictated by corporations. The lesson from social media is clear: this does not create value for individuals.
I developed the World Wide Web on a single computer in a small room at CERN. This room was not mine; it belonged to CERN, an institution established in the wake of World War II by the United Nations and European governments, recognizing historical and scientific milestones that called for international collaboration. It’s challenging to envision a large tech company sharing the World Wide Web without the commercial perks that CERN secured. This highlights our need for nonprofits like CERN to propel international AI research.
We provided the World Wide Web freely because I believed its value lay in its accessibility for all. Today, I hold this belief more strongly than ever. While regulation and global governance are technically achievable, they depend on political will. If we can harness that will, we have the chance to reclaim the web as a medium for collaboration, creativity, and compassion across cultural barriers. Individuals can be reorganized, and we can reclaim the web. It is not too late.
Over 1,100 individuals have faced charges related to the summer 2024 riots, with a small fraction being prosecuted for crimes associated with their online conduct.
Sentences varied from 12 weeks to seven years, igniting a surge of online backlash. The individuals behind the posts were varied; one notable case is that of I defended, who emerged as a cause célèbre and was labeled a “political prisoner.” Their posts were minimized and mischaracterized; their prosecution was framed as an infringement on free speech, despite the majority of online-related charges involving allegations of inciting racial hatred.
The posts did not predominantly surface in mainstream social media platforms like X, Instagram, or Facebook, but rather in niche online spaces commonly linked to fringe ideologies like Telegram, Parler, GetTr, 4Chan, and 8Kun. While many of these posts were on personal profiles, some appeared in public group forums.
This raised questions: What online communities did these individuals engage with, and who were their advocates? What type of content was circulating in these environments? It seemed that within these circles, views were so normalized that individuals felt emboldened to share content that was considered criminal by British authorities and the judiciary.
As a starting point, we utilized publicly accessible resources (police records and news reports) to track Facebook accounts of those implicated in previous investigations. Out of approximately 20 individuals charged with online offenses related to the summer 2024 riots, we followed five to three public Facebook groups. We also discovered visually similar or replicated posts defending those referenced in these groups.
This led to the mapping of a broader network of other Facebook groups, connected through shared memberships and group moderators and administrators.
In this exploration, we uncovered vibrant ecosystems characterized by a profound distrust of government and its institutions, alongside online communities preoccupied with anti-immigrant sentiments, naturalism, conspiracy theories, and misinformation.
Additionally, we found individuals who expressed genuine concerns about the society they belong to, alongside those who are deeply disillusioned and believe their freedom of expression is at risk.
Identification of Groups
Why focus on these groups?
Three groups were selected for the primary analysis because they included one or more current or former members charged in connection with the summer 2024 riots, or individuals involved in the riots who made comments either in person or online.
We established links between these and 13 additional groups, with all but three being public. These groups play significant roles, as moderators can oversee memberships, approve requests, and issue bans, with the authority to delete posts and comments. Administrators have even broader permissions, including the ability to modify group settings, update descriptions, and appoint additional moderators or administrators.
Which posts were analyzed?
To understand the type of content shared within these groups, we aimed to capture all posts made by the three largest groups from their inception until mid-May 2025.
We collected links and text from a total of 123,000 posts. However, due to the classification process (outlined below), the analysis was ultimately focused on 51,000 text-based posts.
What was the group membership size?
We did not record the names of individual group members (aside from moderators, administrators, and prominent posters). Therefore, when discussing combined memberships across groups, it is likely that individuals who belong to multiple groups were counted more than once.
Classification
First, we verified that the posts contained far-right content using established academic methods and categorized them through specific keywords indicating radicalization. We supplemented this with an AI tool that became available to data teams due to recent changes in editorial policies surrounding its journalistic use, classifying content as anti-establishment, anti-immigrant, migrant demonization, naturalism, and far-right identity/denial.
For categorizing the 51,000 social media posts, we employed ChatGPT 4.1 via OpenAI’s API. The prompts underwent rigorous testing across a random sample of 12 iterations, ensuring that at least two reviewers concurred until a consensus of over 90% was reached between the model and three human reviewers.
We are confident in the model’s reliability in small batches, supporting our broader evaluation based on a statistically determined sample of posts which achieved 93% agreement between human reviewers and the AI model.
The final analysis involved a statistically validated number of posts reviewed by the same annotator.
Testing concluded that the model performed exceptionally well, matching or even exceeding human reviewer consistency across most categories.
Accuracy (Percentage of correctly classified instances): 94.7%.
Precision (Percentage of correctly assigned true label counts by GPT): 79.5%.
Recall (Percentage of instances classified as true by humans and also classified as true by GPT): 86.1%.
F1 Score (A single percentage combining accuracy and recall, with higher values indicating better classification): 82.6%.
The model’s performance was evaluated by an internal statistical analyst, concluding its results were strong, benchmarked against similar academic studies.
Despite the model’s impressive performance, misclassifications in the analysis are inevitable.
We believe the classification process employing OpenAI’s API is thorough, transparent, defensible, and bolsters rigorous journalism.
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“Individuals who feel a lack of belonging are significantly more prone to experience impostor syndrome.”
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As September draws near, a new academic year begins. Many students, including one of my readers, are transitioning from the comfort of their family homes to university life. She is the first in her family to pursue higher education and is anxious about fitting in.
In recent decades, psychologists have identified various reasons why individuals may feel disconnected. Attribution can impact their happiness. Thankfully, research presents multiple strategies to help mitigate these feelings—methods that could be helpful for those battling impostor syndrome, where one feels unworthy of their achievements.
First, it’s essential to recognize that emotions can be quite variable. Studies suggest that those lacking a sense of belonging often grapple with impostor syndrome. One moment you may feel like you’ve found your place; the next, you may question your abilities after receiving negative feedback.
Stanford University’s Gregory Walton has explored various strategies aimed at bolstering students’ sense of belonging. One intervention involves sharing narratives from past students, highlighting their anxieties and how they managed to overcomes them. Participants are then asked to articulate their own concerns and the steps they take to foster a sense of home. Positive outcomes can be observed both in the short and long term, boosting grades and overall well-being over time.
As Walton discusses in his book Normal Magic, we can all apply these insights. A valuable first step is identifying experiences that challenge our sense of belonging. Then, it’s important to articulate those feelings to others without self-judgment, followed by considering alternative perspectives.
For example, if you feel socially ignored, you might speculate that it stems from elitism about your background. However, it’s equally plausible that the individual who snubbed you is merely having a poor day, or could even be possessing a difficult personality. Ultimately, their behavior is not reflective of everyone’s opinion around you.
As you build your confidence, you can enhance your involvement with the community in question.
David Robson is a celebrated science writer and author of Laws of Connection: 13 Social Strategies that Change Your Life
Alongside exploring the psychology of attribution, Gregory Walton’s famed work, Normal Magic: The Science of How to Achieve Great Change in Small Acts, offers actionable strategies to overcome mental hindrances in both our personal and professional spheres.
For more projects, please visit newscientist.com/maker
Combination Asthma Inhalers are likely the best treatment choice for individuals of all ages
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Inhalers, providing both immediate and long-term relief, are already the standard treatment for mild asthma among individuals over 12 in the UK, US, and other regions. A recent study involving nearly 400 children in New Zealand indicates these inhalers are even more effective for younger kids, nearly halving the number of asthma attacks.
Team members have stated that whether these findings will prompt changes in national and international guidelines remains uncertain. Andy Bush from Imperial College London asserts that the evidence is compelling. “If you’re a child with asthma, I have those combinations,” he remarks.
The traditional treatment for mild asthma involved an inhaler containing salbutamol, which relaxes airway muscles for about 3-4 hours. These “rescue” inhalers were to be used as needed.
If the rescue inhaler was inadequate, patients were provided with a separate inhaler containing steroids that help reduce inflammation caused by asthma. These “preventive” inhalers required regular usage to ensure protective benefits. Bush comments, “Previously, I had to take inhaled steroids twice a day for them to work, but it’s now evident that’s not always necessary.”
Studies involving teenagers and adults have indicated that combination inhalers outperform the previous treatment method, even when used on an as-needed basis. The steroids found in these combination inhalers are budesonide, while the reliever is formoterol, which acts similarly to salbutamol but lasts for 12 hours.
Concerns regarding the use of combination inhalers by children have emerged due to potential growth effects from steroid components; however, the latest research showed no negative impact during the trial period. The study involved 360 children randomly assigned to use either budesonide-fluticasone or steroid fluticasone twice daily, with additional relief administered as required during severe asthma episodes.
In other studies, the use of combination inhalers led to a decrease in overall steroid intake, according to Bush. This is because using the inhalers on an as-needed basis causes the dosage of inhaled steroids to adapt according to symptom severity. Fewer attacks mean fewer individuals need to “step up” to the combination inhaler two times daily or rely on steroid pills.
Long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth, peculiar creatures abandoned their journeys across the ocean floor. They resembled beings adorned with spiked helmets and had eyes positioned on top, along with sharp tails extending behind them.
Today, horseshoe crabs still exist and belong to the animal order known as Xiphosura, derived from ancient Greek, meaning “sword” and “tail.” Despite their name, they are more closely related to spiders than to crustaceans.
Fossils of horseshoe crabs date back to the Upper Ordovician period, approximately 450 million years ago. Their descendants—four existing species—have undergone significant changes in appearance, earning them the title of “living fossils.”
Despite their ancient lineage, horseshoe crabs are crucial in today’s world. Most people eventually come into contact with life-saving doses of bright blue blood derived from these creatures.
Importantly, it also harbors their blood. Amebocytes, a powerful immune cell are exceptionally sensitive to harmful toxins produced by bacteria. Endotoxins, prevalent in the environment, are resistant to standard sterilization methods.
Should a vaccine contain endotoxins, it could trigger a dangerous reaction historically known as “injection fever.”
Previously, tests were conducted by injecting a vaccine batch into a living rabbit; if any exhibited a fever, it signified contamination.
In the 1960s, American marine biologists observed that the blue blood of horseshoe crabs coagulated instantly upon contact with fever-inducing endotoxin. This mechanism allows horseshoe crabs to encapsulate bacteria by forming clots around them, proving beneficial for human applications.
Now, rather than injecting rabbits, hundreds of thousands of horseshoe crabs are harvested from the ocean each year, with a third of their blood extracted to test for endotoxins in intravenous medications and medical implants.
Many people eventually encounter the vibrant blue blood of a life-saving horseshoe crab – Image credit: Jurgen Freund/Naturepl.com
The demand for blue blood has surged, especially with the competition surrounding the development of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Not all horseshoe crabs survive the blood collection process; approximately 15-30% do not. Conservationists are advocating for synthetic alternatives to blood tests.
In the 1990s, researchers in Singapore developed a method to create synthetic endotoxin detection using a compound based on horseshoe crab DNA. Currently, various alternative compounds mimic this reaction without utilizing horseshoe crab blood.
Although regulatory processes have been sluggish, these new compounds received approval for use in Europe in 2016 and 2024. Nowadays, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly opting for synthetic methods.
This development bodes well not just for horseshoe crabs but also for other species reliant on them. Each year, thousands of horseshoe crabs come ashore on sandy beaches along North America’s East Coast, particularly in Delaware Bay, where eggs are laid near Philadelphia.
A single female lays around 4,000 eggs, many of which become vital sustenance for migratory birds like the red knot, which journey between South America and the Canadian Arctic.
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As we near the threshold of the AI apocalypse, glimmers of hope remain. The technology may not always function as intended.
This was evident last week when Mark Zuckerberg attempted to showcase his company’s latest AI-powered smart glasses. “I’m not sure what to say, folks,” he told his supporters after struggling multiple times to make a video call through the glasses, which ultimately failed.
This mishap came after an ambitious start to the event at Meta Connect 2025, a developer conference held in Menlo Park, California. The keynote was set to unveil the Ray-Ban Meta Display, essentially a modern version of the wearable iPhone—ideal for those too lazy to dig their devices out of their pockets, and appealing to fans of both Buddy Holly and the Terminator. Yet, despite its alluring design, the presentation was riddled with technical blunders, perhaps serving as an ironic tribute to the latest, meaningless iterations of digital devices.
The event kicked off with quite the spectacle. Attendees watched as Zuckerberg made his way to the stage, hitting the beat while sharing numerous fist bumps along the way. The camera on the glasses displayed “Mark’s POV” for the audience, all while he undoubtedly received an avalanche of texts filled with genuine excitement: “Let’s Gooo” followed by rocket emojis, accompanied by GIFs of two guys exclaiming, “The audience is hyped,” and “It’s Time.”
Zuckerberg eventually reached the stage, clad in his trademark baggy t-shirt and tousled hair. He expressed the company’s dedication to developing attractive eyewear, all while referencing the ironic concept that technology “doesn’t interrupt” human interactions, alongside the equally ironic assertion that “serious Super Intelligence” is the cornerstone of our age. “AI must serve humanity, not just those in data centers automating our lives,” he stated.
Things seemed to flow smoothly until it was time to actually utilize the AI features. Zuckerberg attempted a video call with chef Jack Mankuso, suggesting a dish inspired by “probably Korean-style, like steak sauce.”
“What should I do first?” he asked the Oracle.
“You’ve already combined the basic ingredients,” the AI mistakenly informed him, leading to an awkward silence.
“What do I do first?” Mankuso inquired again.
“You’ve already combined the base ingredients, so grate the pears and gently mix them into the base sauce,” the AI patiently reminded him.
“I think the Wi-Fi is acting up. Sorry. Back to you, Mark.” (Certainly the fault lay with the Wi-Fi, not the AI itself.)
To his credit, Zuckerberg maintained his composure. “It’s all good. What can you do? It’s all good,” he said. “The irony is that you can spend years crafting technology, only for the Wi-Fi of the day to trip you up.”
Failing AI demonstrations are not new phenomena. They’ve become a tradition; last year at Google, a presenter attempted to use the Gemini tool to scan posters for Sabrina Carpenter’s concert to find her tour dates. The bot remained silent when asked to “Open Gemini and take a photo and ‘Check out the calendar for my availability when she visits San Francisco this year.” It eventually worked on my third attempt on another device.
This year, Google demonstrated its translation features with its own smart glasses, which failed only 15 seconds into the presentation. To be fair, a blunder in a high-stakes tech demonstration doesn’t equate to a non-functioning product, as anyone familiar with a certain Tesla CyberTruck presentation will remember. It flopped when the designer threw metal balls at the truck’s so-called “armor glass”; the incident paved the way for a bright future and earned the dubious title of “more fatal than the Ford Pinto.”
At this juncture in his presentation, one might assume Zuckerberg would play it safe. However, when it came time to demonstrate the new wristbands for the Ray-Ban Meta display, he chose to rely on live trials instead of slides.
The wristband, which he dubbed a “neural interface,” detects minimal hand gestures by picking up electrical signals from muscle activity. “You can be among others, yet still type without drawing attention,” Zuckerberg explained. In essence, the combination of glasses and wristbands is practically a stalker’s fantasy.
At least, that is, when it operates correctly. Zuckerberg repeatedly attempted to call his colleague Andrew Bosworth, but each attempt was met with failure. “What a letdown. I’m not sure what went wrong,” he said after the first unsuccessful attempt. He tried again: “I’ll pick it up with my neural band,” he quipped, but still couldn’t connect.
“I’m not sure what to tell you guys, it’s impressive, we’ll bring Boz out here and move to the next presentation and hope it works.” The sign at the back of the room that appeared on-screen read, “Live Demo – Good Luck.”
If the aim was to humanize Zuckerberg, it indeed succeeded: he put forth his best effort in the face of disasters and smiled through it all, making it easy to forget the childlike wonder.
However, the overall event felt like a misaligned millennial dream, a bizarre echo of early 2000s optimism that only Silicon Valley billionaires could buy into. The spectacle mirrored Steve Jobs’ iPhone unveiling in 2007, with two key contrasts: back then, the U.S. hadn’t crumbled behind the scenes—not yet—and it was clear why people were eager to see the devices’ launch. They were on the internet! In your pocket! Can you believe this incredible human innovation?
This event is mired in hardware and software that seems to function without them, with many AI pushes hoping to harness the same energy remotely and without comparable offerings.
For amateurs, it appears consumer technology has entered an era of solutions searching for problems. Witnessing our high-tech overlords stumble on stage raises a broader question: Is that not the case?
Small towns in South Texas are urgently seeking alternative drinking water sources as persistent droughts threaten to deplete their main supply.
Mattis City typically relies on Lake Corpus Christi for its drinking water; however, the intensifying drought is projected to drop levels too low for safe extraction, according to Cedric Davis from the city.
“It’s not about completely running out of water,” said Davis. “It’s just challenging to access clean water from the lake, as the extraction process brings up sediment.”
That sediment can harm urban filtration and treatment systems, he noted. According to 2020 data from the US Census Bureau, Mattis has a population of approximately 4,300.
The situation in Texas underscores the escalating challenges faced in drought-affected areas nationwide, as climate change alters rainfall patterns and reduces the availability of safe drinking water.
In 2023, New Orleans experienced a drinking water emergency when saltwater infiltrated upstream due to unusually low levels in the drought-impacted Mississippi River.
Last year, ongoing drought and years of low precipitation led to alarmingly low reservoir levels in Mexico City, resulting in significant water shortages for North America’s most populous urban areas.
South Texas has a long history of dry spells, with much of the region categorized as facing “moderate” or “severe” drought conditions. The US Drought Monitor publishes updated color-coded maps weekly to illustrate the extent and severity of droughts nationwide.
Extreme dryness has resulted in falling water levels in Lake Corpus Christi.
“There isn’t enough rain to restore the lakes and reservoirs in South Texas,” said Davis, indicating that several municipal and small community areas will need to seek emergency solutions.
Davis mentioned that projections indicate lake levels may become critically low by late December. Thus, the city is initiating the drilling of two emergency wells to ensure a continued supply of drinking water.
Although the project is still in the planning stages, Davis expressed hope that the permitting process and lease agreement with the Texas Parks and Wildlife division could be expedited. If all goes well, excavation may commence by the end of October.
“If everything goes as planned and we can install the wells by late December, we should be fine,” stated Davis.
Nonetheless, city officials are exploring additional contingency options, including potentially expensive desalination plants and wastewater treatment and reuse systems.
Paleontologists have identified a new species, Eurhinosaurus—a genus of Longirostrin Ikchosaurus from Europe, notable for its remarkable overbite found in Bavaria, southern Germany.
“Iktiosauria is a varied group of reptiles excellently adapted to marine environments, thriving from the early Triassic to the early Cretaceous,” stated Dr. Gael Spicher, a researcher at the Jurassica Museum, Fribourg University, and Reinish Friedrich Willells-un Universetita Bonn and Kokog.
“Fishes show morphological traits like fin-modified limbs, elongated snouts, deep bisexual spines, and developed caudal fins, confirming their complete adaptation to aquatic life.”
“Uoshima had a widespread distribution during its existence.”
“Particularly, southern Germany is renowned for its rich fossil record of Uoshima from the Lower Jurassic, specifically the Posidonianscifer formation, which has yielded thousands of specimens.”
“In these Lower Jurassic ichthyosaurs, Eurhinosaurus is a relatively scarce creature,” they noted.
“Its paleogeographical range is confined to modern-day Europe, with fossil records from Germany, the UK, France, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.”
“This genus is distinguished by its unique, elongated, slender snout with pronounced overbites, resulting from significantly shorter mandibles compared to the upper jaw (over 60%).”
The newly identified species Eurhinosaurus exhibits a typical maxillary extension characteristic of its genus.
It has been named Eurhinosaurus Mistelgauensis, which existed during the Jurassic period approximately 180 million years ago.
Three specimens of the new species were unearthed at the Mistelgau Clay Pit, part of the Jurensismismergel Formation in southwestern Bailos in northern Bavaria, Germany.
“The fossil includes two nearly complete skeletons and a partial snout, preserved in three dimensions in a semi-articulated state, showcasing elements from multiple angles,” explained the paleontologist.
“Their preservation is exceptional, displaying bones in three dimensions, which is a remarkable find and highlights the significance of documenting such specimens.”
According to the author, these specimens belong to the Eurhinosaurus genus.
“The well-preserved fossils from Mistelgau offer invaluable insights into Eurhinosaurus and significantly enhance our understanding of this historically important Uoshima,” they concluded.
Survey results were published this week in the journal Fossil Record.
____
Ge Spicher et al. 2025. New Eurhinosaurus (Ichthyosauria) species from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) in Mistelgau (Bavaria, southern Germany). Fossil Record 28(2): 249-291; doi: 10.3897/fr.28.154203
The persistent appeal of books may hinge on more than their narratives
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What causes certain novels to be forgotten over time while others achieve bestseller status upon release only to vanish later? This research suggests the answers may lie within the intricacies of their language and sentence structure.
Prior studies have delved into the attributes that elevate certain books to bestseller status. Charming male protagonists often dominate; however, we know little about the factors that sustain a novel’s popularity a century later.
For deeper insights, refer to Leyao Wang from York University in Toronto, Canada. She and her colleagues examined 300 English novels published between 1909 and 1923. Half of these titles have made it to the top 10 bestseller lists. Publishers weekly commenced its trade in 1872 with titles like Lucky Young Man by William John Locke and Black Cow by Gertrude Thurston.
However, these novels don’t appear in readers’ top 10 read lists—past, present, or future. This data reflects the publication year of the novels. The other half, which includes titles like The Mysterious Affair at Styles by Agatha Christie and Anne of Avonlea by Lucy Maud Montgomery, regardless of their bestseller status at the time, continue to gain traction on Goodreads today.
The research team employed AI models to classify these two categories based on 70% of the selected novels. When these models analyzed the full text for word patterns, it was observed that bestsellers were generally longer and incorporated more colloquial expressions like “yeah,” “oh,” and “okay.” These books also made greater use of punctuation.
Researchers assert these characteristics don’t carry the same weight in capturing today’s readers’ interest, yet they significantly enhance readability and overall appeal.
Notably, modern favorites tend to be concise yet feature more complex sentences and vocabulary. This prompted researchers to question whether this necessitates greater attention from readers.
When the AI models were evaluated against the remaining 30% of books, they successfully categorized them with approximately 70% accuracy.
“Numerous other factors likely influence longevity, such as themes, marketing strategies, and author recognition, yet our findings indicate that aspects of the text alone can potentially predict timelessness without considering these more apparent external factors,” the researchers noted. Gaining an understanding of what elements render literature both captivating and enduring “could prove crucial for both publishers and authors.”
However, Dorothy Hale at the University of California, Berkeley cautions that the impact of a novel should be assessed over a century before deeming it timeless. She highlights that the popularity of well-established classics also varies over time. “While many might regard Shakespeare as the quintessential timeless author in English literature, there’s a current trend in American institutions to drop Shakespeare requirements from English majors,” she observes.
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Airway inflammation can arise from smoking or air pollution exposure
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Severe airway inflammation hampers the ability of mice to discern when dangerous situations are no longer a threat, indicating that lung conditions may influence emotions and behaviors. This connection between lung health and brain function could clarify why a small number of individuals who undergo trauma develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sah and her team delved deeper into the correlation by observing eight mice exhibiting severe asthma-like symptoms. Their lungs were exposed to mites, inducing an allergic response and subsequent inflammation. Three days afterward, the mice were placed in cages and subjected to three mild electric shocks.
Over the subsequent six days, researchers returned the mice to the cage for five minutes daily, monitoring the duration they stood frozen in fear. On average, these mice were immobilized for about 40% of the final session, which was twice as long compared to another group of 11 mice without lung inflammation who faced the same electrocution.
The two groups did not exhibit differences in fear response the day after the shocks. However, the first group’s prolonged fear response after several days suggests that significant airway inflammation hampers the brain’s ability to recognize when a threat has subsided. “In PTSD patients, this process is dysfunctional, leading to persistent fear memories,” Sah elucidates.
The experiment was replicated with another set of mice experiencing severe lung inflammation, but this time, a medication inhibiting an inflammatory molecule called interleukin-17a was administered. During their final session in the previously shocked cage, these mice displayed about half the freezing response of those that did not receive the medication.
Further analysis revealed that immune cells in brain regions known as subcutaneous organs have receptors for this inflammatory molecule. Unlike most brain areas, subcutaneous organs lack a blood-brain barrier, a protective layer that limits substance exchange between blood and neurons. Consequently, it serves as a “window to the brain,” allowing it to monitor bodily changes and respond accordingly, according to Sah.
The team discovered that immune cells in this region sense inflammatory signals from the lungs, activating adjacent neurons that relay information to the cerebral cortex, a brain region associated with threat recognition.
Using a specialized compound known as chemogenetics, researchers inhibited this signaling pathway in mice with severe lung inflammation, resulting in a notable decrease in their freezing behavior post-shock.
“In essence, severe lung inflammation can impact higher cognitive functions and the ability to navigate traumatic experiences,” asserts Sah. She posits that similar pathways likely exist in humans, as the brain circuits regulating fear are comparable across species.
Other studies suggest that chronic psychological stress diminishes immune responses. Sah speculates that a heightened immune response, in turn, impairs cognitive functions such as the recognition of a threat’s resolution, possibly due to the body reallocating resources from the brain to combat lung issues.
“This research is crucial for understanding the connection between the body and mind,” states Douglas Vanderbilt from Los Angeles Children’s Hospital. He further discusses how his research indicated that children with severe asthma exhibit more pronounced PTSD symptoms. “What we’re uncovering suggests that these brain-body interactions are intricate, so this is likely not the only pathway,” he notes, pointing out that psychological stress from asthma attacks could also influence PTSD risk.
Sah emphasizes that this pathway might vary in women, as only male mice were utilized in her study, suggesting potential differences across genders that warrant additional investigation.
Ultimately, these discoveries may enhance our ability to identify individuals more susceptible to PTSD. For instance, medical professionals might consider screening children with severe asthma for mental health issues, as proposed by Vanderbilt. He further suggests that this line of research could lead to innovative PTSD treatments, such as immunotherapy aimed at reducing inflammation.
Amazon has consented to a $2.5 billion penalty and support for its Prime members to settle the case with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
According to the FTC, approximately $1.5 billion will be allocated to a fund for reimbursing qualifying subscribers, in addition to the billion-dollar civil fine.
The FTC, which oversees consumer protection in the United States, filed a lawsuit against Amazon in 2023 during the Biden administration, accusing the company of enrolling millions of customers in a subscription service without their consent and trapping them in a complicated cancellation process.
The case was heard in a federal court in Seattle earlier this week and is expected to continue for a month.
Andrew N. Ferguson, the Trump-appointed chair of the FTC, celebrated this as “a historic victory for countless Americans who are frustrated with deceptive subscription practices that are nearly impossible to cancel.”
“Evidence indicated that Amazon employed complex subscription tactics aimed at manipulating consumers into signing up for Prime, making it exceedingly difficult for them to cancel their subscriptions,” Ferguson stated. “Today, we are returning billions of dollars to Americans and ensuring that Amazon does not repeat these actions.”
As part of the settlement, Amazon is required to provide a “clear and prominent” option for customers to decline Prime subscriptions while shopping on the site, according to the FTC. The company has previously claimed that it has made improvements to its registration and cancellation processes, describing the FTC’s allegations as outdated.
“We are dedicated to ensuring our customers find it clear and straightforward to sign up or cancel significant memberships while providing valuable services to millions of loyal members globally,” stated the company.
Following the announcement, Amazon’s stock remained relatively stable in New York.
The company faces an additional case initiated by the FTC regarding its alleged maintenance of an illegal monopoly. This case is set to go to trial in 2027 and is presided over by the same judge as the Prime case.
This lawsuit is part of a broader legal action against a major U.S. tech corporation accused of abusing its market position to the detriment of smaller competitors. In subsequent legal maneuvers, Google was designated an illegal monopoly but avoided the government’s most severe penalty.
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