Following the launch of the ChatGpt Chatbot in 2022, Microsoft has been pouring substantial funds into developing a data center, as highlighted by one industry analyst. Dubbed “Constructing the largest infrastructure ever created by humanity.”
Nevertheless, the company has put the brakes on spending after 10 consecutive quarters marked by increased investment in artificial intelligence, as indicated in the financial results released Wednesday.
In the first quarter of 2025, Microsoft allocated $21.4 billion toward capital expenses, which is over $1 billion less than the previous quarter.
The organization intends to invest more than $80 billion in capital expenditures for the current fiscal year, which concludes in June. However, these pullbacks suggest that, even if marginally, the tech sector’s enthusiasm for AI spending might not be limitless.
Overall, Microsoft’s results showcased unexpected strength in its operations. Revenue surpassed $70 billion, marking a 13% increase from the same period last year. Profits rose by 18% to reach $25.8 billion. These results significantly exceeded Wall Street’s forecasts.
Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, stated, “The cloud and AI are fundamental components for every business aiming to enhance efficiency, lower expenses, and boost growth.”
Following the announcement, Microsoft’s stock surged by over 5% in after-hours trading.
The company is aggressively expanding, and in the last quarter, Microsoft noted that sales would have been even greater if additional data centers were operational to meet the demand for cloud computing and AI services from its clients.
Sales for Azure, Microsoft’s premier cloud service, increased by 33% during the quarter, greatly surpassing Wall Street’s expectations, with nearly half of that growth attributed to AI services.
Investors have experienced fluctuations in infrastructure spending following reports from analysts at TD Securities in late February that Microsoft had exited several data center contracts. Analysts suggested that Microsoft is linked to a project intended to develop advanced AI systems, in collaboration with partner OpenAI. OpenAI is currently planning to partner with Oracle under the Stargate Project.
Microsoft has acknowledged a slowdown in projects in Ohio and Wisconsin, mentioning the suspension of “early stage projects” as part of its Refinement Process.
(The New York Times has filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement related to AI system-generated news content. Both companies have denied the allegations.)
Analysts at Raymond James reported last week that they have not yet noticed significant reductions in spending from Microsoft’s Enterprise Cloud customers. However, they expressed concerns that tariffs and economic uncertainty could prompt customers to cut back on growth initiatives and focus more on maintaining operations.
Microsoft’s personal computing segment grew by 6%, reaching $13.4 billion, while commercial sales of productivity tools for businesses, including Excel, Teams, and Word, increased by 15%.
Microsoft’s results would have shown even greater performance if revenues exceeded $1 billion and profits had not been impacted by over $400 million due to the depreciation of the US dollar.
For example, NHS England advises healthcare workers to wash uniforms at 60°C for a minimum of 10 minutes to eliminate nearly all microorganisms, according to Katie Laird from De Montfort University in Leicester, UK. “However, it’s unclear what the machine is truly accomplishing.”
Laird and her team examined six models of home washing machines to evaluate how effectively they cleaned contaminated fabric samples, specifically testing for Enterococcal feces, known to cause various infections, including urinary tract infections.
Their findings revealed that half of the washing machines tested failed to adequately disinfect clothing, reducing bacteria levels by at least 90% in only the rapid cycles; one-third of machines did not achieve sufficient breakdown even in standard cycles.
“This is primarily because most machines either don’t maintain or reach the expected temperature, particularly in shorter cycles,” notes Laird. “In one instance, we found a machine operating at just 20°C (68°F), which the user was unaware of.”
After analyzing bacteria across multiple washes, Laird’s team discovered that microorganisms began developing resistance to detergents. DNA sampling indicated that these microorganisms were acquiring genes that enabled their survival.
The findings suggest that utilizing home washing machines to launder medical uniforms could inadvertently facilitate the spread of infections and antibiotic resistance within hospital settings, Laird pointed out.
To reduce bacteria and viruses in household washing machines, Laird recommends regularly using a machine sanitizer, conducting 90°C (194°F) cleaning cycles, and employing descaling solutions to prevent the build-up of scale that may impair the heating elements’ function.
Researchers at the University of Florida have successfully generated a chromosomal-scale genomic assembly for the spinless tetraploid blackberry BL1, which is primocanfluting. Their findings are expected to serve as crucial resources for accelerating genetic analysis in blackberries and fostering the development of new, enhanced varieties that improve horticultural and nutritional attributes.
blackberries. Image credit: Lin Animalart.
Blackberries belong to the genus Rubus, subgenus Rubus (formerly subgenus Eubatus) within the Rose family.
These fruits are noted for their rich dark purple to deep black colors, complex fruit structures, and a delightful balance of tartness and sweetness.
Blackberry fruits are a significant source of anthocyanins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, offering numerous health benefits to consumers.
In the last two decades, a surge in consumer interest has greatly expanded the market for fresh and processed blackberries in the United States and internationally.
As the fourth most economically significant berry crop in the U.S., the nation produced 16,850 metric tons of processed blackberries and 1,360 tons of fresh blackberries in 2017.
In 2021, the U.S. imported 122,873 metric tons of fresh blackberries and 16,738 tons of frozen blackberries, valued at $519 million and $43 million, respectively.
Global blackberry production is estimated to exceed 900,000 metric tons, playing a crucial role in the international berry market.
The ongoing development and introduction of improved varieties continue to drive consumer demand and enhance blackberry production worldwide.
“This new research not only deepens our understanding of blackberry genetics but also lays the groundwork for significant advancements in blackberry breeding techniques,” says Dr. Zhanao Deng, PhD, in the journal Horticulture Research.
“The ultimate goal is to create a superior, more resilient blackberry variety that benefits both growers and consumers globally.”
Utilizing a comprehensive collection of DNA sequences from the experimental BlackBerry BL1, Dr. Deng and his team meticulously calculated and reconstructed the original sequences across the blackberry genome.
It begins with recognizing that BL1 is a tetraploid fruit, which derives from a plant possessing four copies of each chromosome within its cells.
This characteristic results in twice as many chromosomes compared to typical diploid plants such as raspberries.
“Working with tetraploids is more complex than with diploids,” Dr. Deng remarked.
“The release of the tetraploid blackberry genome can facilitate more efficient and targeted breeding, ultimately enhancing fruit quality and leading to the creation of new varieties resilient to critical diseases.”
“The reference genome derived from this study will serve as a powerful tool for researchers working with blackberries.”
The genome assembly also unlocks insights into key traits such as the cultivation of spinless blackberry plants and the processes behind anthocyanin production, which influences the color and health benefits of the fruit.
“This discovery helps us understand why blackberries attain their distinctive deep purple/black hues over time and how we might potentially improve this process for more nutritious berries,” Dr. Deng added.
The team’s research is published in the journal Horticultural Research.
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Dev Paudel et al. 2025. Chromosomal scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of tetraploid blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson). Horticultural Research 12 (6): UHAF052; doi: 10.1093/hr/uhaf052
The prevailing belief regarding these egg sales has been that both species descend from land-dwelling ancestors. While the ancestors of the platymonds became semi-aquatic, Echidna remained terrestrial. However, a detailed examination of a humerus bone from Kryoryctes cadburyi, a prehistoric monotreme that lived in Victoria, Australia, during the early Cretaceous period, indicates that Echidna evolved from semi-aquatic ancestors, suggesting that the lifestyle of modern paddy field amphibians originated over 100 million years ago.
Artist’s impressions of Kryoryctes cadburyi. Image credit: Peter Schouten.
“Approximately 30 examples of mammals have evolved to live entirely or partially in water, such as whales, dolphins, dugongs, seals, otters, and beavers,” says Professor Suzanne Hand, a paleontologist from the University of New South Wales.
“However, it is exceedingly rare to observe mammals evolving in the opposite direction.”
“We are discussing semi-aquatic mammals that transitioned to a land-based existence. Such an event would be quite unusual, but I believe that’s what occurred with echidnas.”
In their recent study, Professor Hand and her team analyzed a single humerus bone of an ancient monotreme, Kryoryctes Cadbury.
Using CT scans and other techniques, they investigated the internal microstructure of the specimen.
“The external structure of bones allows for direct comparisons with similar animals to clarify relationships, while the internal structure offers insights into the beast’s lifestyle and ecology,” Professor Hand explained.
“Thus, while the internal structure might not reveal the animal’s identity, it can inform us about its environment and living conditions.”
Living in southern Victoria about 108 million years ago, Kryoryctes cadburyi and its relatives dominated the Australian mammalian fauna.
“Mesozoic mammals from Australia are uncommon and primarily known through their teeth and jaws,” states Professor Michael Archer from the University of New South Wales.
“Currently, Kryoryctes cadburyi is known solely from limb bones.”
“This humerus presents an extraordinary chance to gain insight into the lifestyles of Australian mammals, revealing a considerable story, perhaps one we weren’t initially anticipating.”
Researchers were taken aback when they discovered that the internal structure of the ancient humerus differed from that of modern Echidna bones.
“The internal structure shows that the bone wall of platymonds is quite thick with a narrow bone marrow cavity, while Echidna has a much thinner bone wall,” they noted.
“The fine structure of the Kryoryctes cadburyi humerus resembles that found in lizards, with its dense bone serving as ballast, aiding its ability to dive for food, a trait noticed in other semi-aquatic mammals.”
There are also peculiar traits in modern Echidna that might hint at an ancient semi-aquatic ancestry.
“It’s well established that the platypus bill contains numerous highly sensitive receptors that detect slight currents created by prey,” Professor Hand remarked.
“Although Echidna’s snouts have fewer receptors, it’s thought these might be remnants of their aquatic manipulative capabilities, along with traces of platypus-like features found in the embryos of echidnas.”
“Another characteristic inherited from their aquatic ancestors is the backward orientation of Echidna’s hind legs, similar to the rounded feet of the platypus when swimming.”
“In Echidnas, however, this trait is utilized for digging.”
“Our research has shown that echidnas exhibit diving reflexes when submerged in water, which assist in conserving oxygen and prolonging breath-holding capabilities. Studies on a respiratory protein called mammalian myoglobin further suggest echidna’s semi-aquatic ancestry.”
“The positive charge on myoglobin’s surface correlates with enhanced muscle capacity to retain oxygen, thereby extending the duration mammals can dive.”
“This is more prominent in platypuses, but even among burrowing mammals, echidnas show a higher than expected capacity.”
Survey results were published this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Suzanne J. Hand et al. 2025. Bone microstructure supports the Mesozoic origin of monotremes’ semi-aquatic lifestyle. PNAS 122 (19): E2413569122; doi: 10.1073/pnas.2413569122
While the nature of consciousness may remain elusive, neuroscientists have made significant strides in understanding it. The journey is far from over.
“Numerous theories exploring consciousness exist, so further theories may be superfluous,” states Oscar Ferrante, a neuroscientist at the University of Birmingham.
If you seek an explanation for how our brains create subjective experiences, you might explore adaptive resonance theory or dynamic core theory. Additionally, the theory of primary expression and semantic pointer competition should not be overlooked. A 2021 survey identified 29 distinct theories of consciousness.
Dr. Ferrante is part of a group aiming to consolidate this proliferation of theories. Yet, they face challenges due to the typical approach scientists take towards consciousness studies. They propose theories, conduct experiments, gather evidence, and often claim their theory reigns supreme.
“We are discouraged from abandoning our ideas,” remarked Lucia Meloni, a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics in Frankfurt, Germany.
Seven years ago, Dr. Meloni and 41 other scientists launched an extensive study on consciousness to break this cycle. Their goal was to unite rival groups to design an experiment that would assess the predictive power of both theories regarding conscious experiences in the brain.
The Cogitate Consortium team recently published their findings in Nature. However, this study encountered the same contentious conflicts they aimed to avoid.
Dr. Meloni and like-minded colleagues started planning their research in 2018, adopting a strategy known as hostile collaboration—where scientists with opposing theories partner with neutral researchers. They selected two theories for examination.
The first, known as the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, was introduced in the early 2000s by Collège de France’s Stanislas Dehaene. This theory posits that our conscious experiences arise when key brain areas distribute sensory information across the brain.
The second theory, Integrated Information Theory, developed by the University of Wisconsin’s Giulio Tononi, does not link consciousness to specific brain regions. Instead, it begins with essential characteristics of conscious experience, such as feeling unique and possessing rich, coherent details. Madeleine.
Researchers then examined which physical networks, such as the brain, could facilitate this experience. They concluded that a substantial amount of information must be processed across various networks and integrated to form a cohesive experience.
The Cogitate Consortium’s experiment aimed to potentially test both theories, garnering support from proponents of both.
“This collaboration was significant as it was the first attempt to reconcile differences rather than engage in isolated pursuits,” noted Dr. Meloni.
However, they knew that hostile collaboration would require substantial effort. They enlisted many young researchers, including Dr. Ferrante, and spent two years designing experiments and setting up lab equipment. By the latter half of 2020, they began scanning the brains of 267 volunteers across eight labs in the US, Europe, and China.
Volunteers played video games designed to gauge their conscious perception. In one game, participants were tasked with catching a colored disc when it changed to striped. Occasionally, blurred faces appeared on the screen, prompting volunteers to indicate what they had noticed.
To capture data comprehensively, researchers employed three distinct methods to measure brain activity.
Some volunteers who had undergone surgery for epilepsy consented to have electrodes temporarily placed in their brains. The second group utilized fMRI to assess blood flow in the brain, while a third group underwent magnetic EEG testing to record the brain’s magnetic field.
By 2022, the researchers shifted focus to data analysis. The three techniques produced consistent results. Both theories made accurate predictions regarding brain activity during conscious experiences, but also had incorrect predictions.
“Both theories are incomplete,” remarked Dr. Ferrante.
In June 2023, Dr. Meloni presented the findings at a New York conference, and the Cogitate Consortium submitted their results for publication, hoping to see their work in print.
Hakwan Lau, a neuroscientist at Sungkyunkwan University, was invited to review the paper but made a critical assessment. He believed the consortium failed to clearly outline where in the brain they would test predictions for each theory.
“Making a compelling case that the project tests theories meaningfully is challenging,” Dr. Lau stated in a July review.
Having developed his own consciousness theory, Dr. Lau published an evaluation online in August, and later co-authored an open letter criticizing both the Cogitate experiments and Integrated Information Theory. A total of 124 experts endorsed the letter.
The group labeled “IIT agree” directed much of its critique at integrated information theory, calling it pseudoscience in a recent analysis.
Critics highlighted that Integrated Information Theory extends beyond just a brain function theory—implying that a system capable of integrating information, even a plant, may possess some level of consciousness.
Critics contended that the Cogitate Consortium’s experiment failed to address the foundational aspects of the theory, thereby not adequately challenging its claims. “As researchers, we must safeguard the public from scientific misinformation,” Dr. Lau and his colleagues asserted.
Their letter, published online in September 2023, ignited a flurry of debate on social media. The authors later provided a commentary to elucidate their concerns, which was featured the following month in Nature Neuroscience.
In response, Dr. Tononi and his colleagues, in a published letter defended IIT, claiming that the critics’ letters were “full of enthusiasm and lacking in facts,” and asserting that the new commentary merely aimed to reshape the discussion.
Meanwhile, the Cogitate Consortium paper continued through the peer review process. Upon its release on Wednesday, it drew a spectrum of responses.
Anil Seth, a neuroscientist at the University of Sussex, expressed admiration for the study’s scale and the identification of shortcomings in both theories. “I’m pleased to see that,” he remarked. “That’s an impressive achievement.”
However, some critics of IIT continued to voice concerns. Joel Snyder, a psychologist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, noted that the predictions from each team might have been generated by alternative theories, indicating the experiment wasn’t a true test of either.
“This is likely to cause confusion,” Dr. Snyder commented.
Dr. Lau reflected in an email that the recent research does not appear to have narrowed down the numerous theories of consciousness. “Recent discussions leave me with the impression that these issues haven’t significantly advanced any theory,” he wrote.
Nonetheless, Dr. Seth acknowledged the value of testing competing theories, even if scientists are reluctant to discard their ideas. “The best outcome of a successful hostile collaboration is that it may lead others to reconsider their views,” he stated.
What happens to an 18-foot long, 2,000-pound body?
This question perplexed divers and photographers who frequently explore the waters off San Diego’s coast.
The saga began this spring when Doug Bonhouse took advantage of the mild weather to scuba dive at Scripps Canyon. As he submerged, a large mass caught his eye beneath him.
At just 115 feet below the surface, he discovered the body of a juvenile gray whale.
Whale carcasses are typically not encountered by human divers; they are usually found by remotely operated vehicles at depths exceeding 3,000 feet.
Local marine biologists speculated about the origins of the gray whale calf. The creature, which was suited to the seabed, had been sighted near La Jolla Shores, desperately searching for its mother. In its final moments, it appeared to approach a boat, as if pleading for assistance.
Other divers quickly made their way to the site, as it was the first opportunity for access during the autumn. Among them was underwater photojournalist Jules Jacobs, who documented his exploration for the New York Times.
By late January, the whale’s resting place was in a canyon valley that required careful navigation to reach. This challenge left Jacobs feeling both anxious and mentally drained.
As Jacobs navigated through the darkness with a team of five divers, the beam from his dive light suddenly illuminated the object of his search: a fragile calf with spotted skin. Its eyes had succumbed to the elements, frozen in an expression of sorrow.
“It’s humbling to swim through a whale’s carcass when only its tail is as large as your body,” Jacobs remarked.
Jacobs planned further dives to study the remains. On his second visit a week later, however, he discovered that the tail was missing, likely taken by scavenger sharks like Seven Gill and Mako.
After a series of spring storms, Jacobs descended again in late February. Gripping his camera gear so tightly that his knuckles turned white, he awaited the sight of the decaying creature.
He was met only by an empty seabed.
The calf was gone.
Adult gray whales can grow to about 45 feet and are known for their extraordinary migrations from the warm waters of Baja, California, to high-latitude feeding grounds in the Arctic Ocean. It’s likely that the calves and their mothers headed north before becoming separated. At this vulnerable point in their journey, the calves would have faced starvation after not eating for six months.
Gray whale populations experience cycles of boom and bust, recovering from significant declines, sometimes losing up to a quarter of their numbers within just a few years.
However, the population has failed to rebound for about six years, mirroring previous downturns. Scientists link this decline to climate change, which accelerates warming in the Arctic and disrupts the whales’ prey availability. Additionally, ship strikes and entanglements further exacerbate mortality rates.
“We are observing a significant increase in fatalities among gray whales,” stated Joshua Stewart, an assistant professor at the Marine Mammal Research Institute at Oregon State University. He anticipates more whale deaths along the West Coast.
Nevertheless, the death of a whale does not necessarily signify an end. Instead, it often triggers new beginnings.
Life flourishes from the remains of whales. Their meat nourishes scavengers, bones become habitats for microorganisms and insects, while the curved vertebrae provide a new foundation for flourishing coral reefs.
“Whale falls are ecological bonanzas, capable of providing sustenance for up to 200 years, as they typically reach the ocean floor,” remarked Craig Smith, professor emeritus of oceanography at the University of Hawaii. “Ironically, we understand more about deep-sea whale falls and associated communities than we do about shallow-water ecosystems.”
Whale decay occurs in three distinct ecological stages. Initially, scavengers like sharks, crabs, and hagfish consume the soft tissue. Next, worms thrive in the nutrient-rich, vibrant masses surrounding the carcass, as Dr. Smith notes; this phase can last up to seven years and is termed an enrichment stage by scientists.
Ultimately, bacteria deep within the bones produce hydrogen sulfide, fueling chemically-chemosynthetic bacteria that thrive symbiotically with the animal hosts and chemically synthesized bacteria on the bone’s surface. This final stage can endure for decades, supporting over 200 marine species within the ecosystem generated by a single whale fall.
However, the calf and its remains had vanished. Was something or someone responsible for preventing the whale fall that would support life?
Gregory Rouse, a marine biology professor at the Scripps Marine Research Institute, considers the matter less enigmatic. He explained that during the whale fall, decomposition within the body cavity can generate gas, causing the body to rise again after initially sinking.
On Wednesday, Google CEO Sundar Pichai addressed a federal judge, stating that the government’s plan to dissolve the company would significantly obstruct its operations as it seeks to implement changes to remedy alleged illegal monopolies in online search.
Judge Amit P. Mehta of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled last year that Google had violated laws to sustain its search monopoly. This month, he held a hearing to establish a remedy for addressing these unlawful practices.
As the company’s second witness, Pichai argued against aggressive governmental solutions, including the sale of Google’s widely-used Chrome web browser and mandates to share data with competitors. He expressed concern that such proposals would force the company to scale back on investments in new technologies in order to redistribute profits to rivals with minimal fees.
“No combination of bailouts can replace what we have invested in R&D over the past three decades and our ongoing innovation to enhance Google search,” he stated, referring to research and development.
Pichai is expected to testify throughout a landmark three-week hearing. The tech industry is currently racing to develop internet products powered by artificial intelligence, and new restrictions on Google’s business could energize its competitors and hinder its own progress.
This case against Google marks the first substantial examination of the U.S. government’s efforts to rein in the extensive power held by commercial entities in the online information landscape. Recently, a federal judge in Virginia concluded that Google also holds a monopoly over various online advertising technologies.
The Federal Trade Commission is engaged in a legal battle with Meta, scrutinizing whether the acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp unlawfully diminished competition. Additional federal antitrust actions against Apple and Amazon are anticipated in the coming years.
The Justice Department initiated a lawsuit against Google regarding search practices during President Trump’s first term in 2020.
At the 2023 trial, government attorneys contended that Google has effectively highjacked other search engines by compensating companies like Apple, Samsung, and Mozilla to ensure that its search engine appears as the default on browsers and smartphones. Evidence submitted indicated that this amounted to $26.3 billion in payments in 2021.
In August, Judge Mehta expressed opposition towards the company. Last week, he conducted a three-week hearing aimed at determining an appropriate relief strategy.
The Department of Justice’s suggestions are extensive. The government has asserted that Google must divest Chrome since user queries are automatically directed to its search engine.
During approximately 90 minutes of testimony, Pichai emphasized the company’s significant investments in Chrome, citing its effectiveness in safeguarding users against cyber threats. When government attorneys probed whether future browser owners would manage cybersecurity, Pichai responded assertively, drawing on his deep knowledge of the field.
“Based on my extensive expertise and the understanding of other companies’ capabilities regarding web security, I can confidently discuss this,” he noted.
The government also desires that Google provide search result data to its rivals, a move that would grant other search engines access to information about user searches and clicked websites.
Pichai criticized the proposal for mandatory data sharing, suggesting it effectively threatens the company’s intellectual property, enabling others to reverse-engineer its comprehensive technology stack.
In contrast, Google’s proposal is more limited. He stated that the company should be permitted to continue compensating other businesses for search engine placements, with some arrangements open for annual renegotiation. He also emphasized that smartphone manufacturers should have greater autonomy in selecting which Google applications to install on their devices.
Judge Mehta inquired how other search engines might compete with Google.
“We can hardly rely on the notion that ‘the best product wins,'” Pichai later remarked.
Horses have honed their abilities, such as running, jumping, and pulling, as humans have bred and trained them for various purposes over thousands of years. The 151st Derby, the most-watched horse racing event, not only highlights the skills of these animals but also raises concerns about their treatment and well-being. Advocates have long voiced worries about injuries and fatalities, especially after twelve horses died at Churchill Downs two years ago.
There’s no doubt that the relationships between humans and horses have transformed warfare, agriculture, and society.
Timothy Winegard, a historian at Colorado Mesa University and author of the recent book, The Horse, remarked, “We’ve combined our intellect with the horse’s size, strength, stamina, and speed to create the most unstoppable animal coalition.”
Why Are Horses So Powerful?
The horse’s heart and lungs contribute significantly to its remarkable power.
Hearts typically weigh between 10-12 pounds (4.5-5.4 kg), roughly 1% of the horse’s body weight, compared to about 0.5% for a typical human heart. The famous horse Secretariat, who won the Triple Crown in 1973, was later found to have a heart weighing over 20 pounds (9.1 kg).
A horse’s heart is designed for exercise, with a resting heart rate around 34 beats per minute that can rise to 220 or 240 during a race—much faster than a human’s maximum during intense exertion.
Derma Sotogake training on the mornings of the 2023 Kentucky Derby. Andy Lions/Getty Images
“One unique aspect of horses is their incredible capacity to circulate blood throughout their bodies. They can achieve high heart rates while remaining safe,” explained Sarah Reed, a researcher at the University of Connecticut.
Additionally, horses possess a lung capacity of 60 liters, ten times that of a human.
“This extensive lung capacity allows oxygen to efficiently transfer from the air to the blood, which is essential for sustaining aerobic energy,” noted Farmer.
Recent research published in the journal Science indicates that genetic mutations enable horses to mitigate the adverse effects associated with ultra-high energy production.
“Horses are exceptional athletes because they can deliver significantly more oxygen to their muscles than elite Olympic athletes. They have larger energy reserves and more efficient systems…and these mutations play a role in both aspects.”
What Contributes to a Horse’s Speed and Skills?
Various biological characteristics enhance a horse’s abilities.
Horses store excess red blood cells in their spleens, which are released to enhance oxygen transport during intense exertion.
“During exercise, adrenaline triggers the spleen to circulate these excess red blood cells,” said veterinarian Hillary Clayton. “Essentially, what a horse accomplishes is a form of ‘natural blood doping.’”
Honoring Marie at Churchill Downs in 2024. Charlie Riedel / AP
Furthermore, a horse’s brain is adept at processing sensory information and reacting swiftly. Although their frontal lobe—the section associated with thinking and planning—is proportionally smaller than that of humans, horses are hardwired for play and independent running without fear, as explained by Dr. Scott Bailey, a veterinarian at Clayborne Farm. This focus is critical for athletic performance.
The bone structure and muscle makeup are also advantageous. The ligaments and tendons in their hind legs function like springs, and as Farmer noted, like other large prey animals, they possess “long, slender legs designed for running.”
What Are the Risks for Horses?
Adjustments that enhance a horse’s speed also increase the risk of injuries. Their slender legs endure the impact of each stride, and over time, repetitive stress during racing and training can lead to tendon and ligament damage, Reed stated.
In 2023, fatalities occurred not only at Churchill Downs but also at other major racecourses, affecting public perceptions of the sport and prompting changes. No specific cause of death was identified. However, in 2024, Churchill Downs improved the equipment used on its racing surfaces and added a veterinarian dedicated to horse safety and integrity.
“It was utter chaos,” remarked Inigo, a physician at a hospital in northern Spain.
Since losing power on Monday afternoon, he noted that emergency generators were reserved for critical areas. This meant a lack of access to patient records, disrupted phone connectivity and email, and colleagues unable to carry out their responsibilities, leading to severe communication breakdowns.
Inigo explained that the hospital’s backup generator was intended to keep surgeries ongoing. However, operations had to be cancelled due to the challenges of safely managing orders and moving patients. “This incident made us realize just how reliant we are on technology,” he said.
On that Monday, about 55 million individuals found themselves thrust back into a pre-electric era as significant blackouts swept through Spain, Portugal, and southern France, marking one of the worst outages in recent European memory. Mobile signals vanished, traffic lights failed, supermarkets fell into darkness, digital payment systems froze, and many found themselves stranded away from home as a prolonged power outage occurred.
Last month, EU residents were advised to prepare with 72 hours’ worth of essential supplies, but this blackout underscored the susceptibility many have to widespread disruptions.
After service was restored, the Guardian spoke with individuals reflecting on the incident and its implications for future preparedness and resilience.
For Inigo, despite the disruption feeling like a “total disaster” at the moment, he appreciated in retrospect that there were no physical injuries. “Moving forward, we should invest in more backup generators and fuel to ensure smoother operations,” he suggested.
Beibei in Barcelona. Photo: Beibei/Guardian Community
Initially, Beibei, 41, in Barcelona, found the power cut to be “very thrilling.” However, concern set in when a neighbor knocked on her door with her four-month-old baby, saying, “I know it’s affecting all of Europe.” “I could see the anxiety on her face,” Beibei shared.
She needed to pick up her six-year-old son from school but had to first find food. “In the dimly lit shop, the cashier was turning away customers who couldn’t pay with cash,” explained Beibei, who is a climate activist and has lived in Spain since the pandemic hit. She collected some essentials but anxiously noticed other shoppers with full carts, fearing she wouldn’t have enough.
On her second trip with her neighbor, she found their nearest supermarket had stopped admitting customers. At another store, Beibei faced an alarming situation. “The cashier unloaded items from my basket when I realized I didn’t have enough cash. Just as the last light went out, she announced, ‘I can’t accept any payments now.’
After reuniting with her sons, Beibei expressed a newfound appreciation for everyday conveniences. “I’ve ensured I have cash ready for next time,” she mentioned.
“This experience has shifted my perspective on what truly matters in life—the nourishment we often take for granted, the presence of loved ones, and the ease of cooking and cleaning with modern appliances. I will never overlook these miracles again.”
The outage also led to passengers being trapped in underground subway tunnels and trains, compelling many to walk long distances and remain stationary for hours.
Doug Crave, 60, from Brighton, boarded a train in Madrid at 9:57 a.m. to visit a friend in Barcelona. However, before reaching his destination, the train experienced a shudder. With no mobile signal, the doors remained sealed for nearly two hours until authorities finally arrived to open them and distribute bottled water.
Police officers distributing water to passengers caught inside a high-speed train. Photo: Doug Craib/Guardian Community
He recounted that a woman experienced a panic attack lasting about six hours. “It felt stifling and humid in the carriage,” he said. Eventually, police led passengers off the train using flashlights at night, escorting them to Barcelona where they boarded a bus that arrived around midnight.
Passengers disembarking from the train hours later, heading to the bus for transport to Barcelona. Photo: Doug Craib/Guardian Community
Crave noted that the ordeal prompted him to reconsider the increasing reliance on digital transactions, as many were unable to buy food or water during the outage.
“In every conversation I had in Barcelona regarding hotels, taxis, and restaurants, there was a common concern about the increasing trend of going cashless,” he reported. “All payment systems failed, leaving cash as the only option, yet most people were unprepared, and ATMs were non-functional.”
Katarina, a 24-year-old engineer from Porto, was in her office when the power went out. Upon returning home, she filled containers with water in case her pump stopped working. She tuned into updates via a battery-operated radio she bought after the EU’s emergency advice last month.
Katarina in Porto stayed updated on the news using a battery-operated radio and prepared water supplies. Photo: Katarina/Guardian Community
“Nobody had any idea of what to do or where to go or how long it would take,” she recalled.
“On one hand, there’s a lot of discourse about how technology has disconnected us, yet yesterday proved that we remain human. People helped one another, stepped outside, and acted as a community once more.”
With her power still out by 5 p.m. on Monday, Katarina took a stroll with her boyfriend. She observed cars halted due to the absence of traffic lights, orderly bus lines, gardens filled with readers, athletes, and families barbecuing, as well as residents chatting with passersby from their doorways.
“It was quite remarkable,” she said. “It really restored my faith in humanity to witness how quickly people banded together and supported each other despite the chaos around us.”
Eighty million years ago, the formidable 40-foot-long Tyrannosaurus Rex ruled the earth. Now, it may soon inspire a new kind of wallet.
A team of British researchers and bioengineers is working on high-end clutches and totes made from T. rex skin, cultivated from the fossilized remains of ancient carnivorous creatures.
Their goal is to create sustainable leather by extracting collagen from this colossal dinosaur, known to have roamed North America and Asia about 68 million years ago. If they succeed, it would mark the first instance of leather derived from an extinct species.
The project’s developers assert that their lab-grown materials will be entirely biodegradable and structurally identical to conventional leather. Choi Conon, a professor of tissue engineering at Newcastle University, commented on the initiative.
Conon is also associated with a Biotechnology Company. Lab-grown leather is in collaboration with the Dutch creative agency VML and the genomic engineering firm The Organoid Company.
“This opens the door to designing leather from prehistoric origins,” stated Connon, a key leader in the project.
While Connon and his team are targeting the fashion sector, market data providers Fortune Business Insights predicts that the global leather goods market, valued at $500 billion, could reach $85.5 billion by 2032.
However, experts caution that immediate results may not be forthcoming. The commercialization of lab-grown T. rex leather could be financially prohibitive.
According to Tom Ellis, a professor of synthetic genomic engineering at Imperial College in London, the “gimmick” is still “very early.” He noted, “Our understanding of dinosaur evolution may not be sufficient to design collagen genes specifically from T. rex.”
Ellis emphasized that producing authentic T. rex leather is still a long way off, suggesting that any collagen derived from the project would likely resemble that of cows and chickens.
This means the end product may resemble other alternative leathers. “We’ll offer something unique enough to justify a significantly higher price,” he added.
In theory, scientists can extract collagen gene sequences from various animals, as collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals. Companies like Gelter and modern pastures are already crafting leather-like materials from genetically engineered collagen, producing small batches of premium products.
If achieved, sustainably crafted animal leather could have notable environmental advantages. Currently, most leather is a byproduct of the cattle industry, contributing to deforestation in regions like the Amazon. Additionally, many synthetic and vegan leathers are made from fossil-fuel-derived plastics that are not biologically sustainable. According to the World Wide Fund.
As scientists ponder the potential for dinosaur wallets, fashion enthusiasts should take a moment to consider whether they should indulge in such products.
wImmersive Sims are a unique realm in gaming, often subjected to gamer gatekeeping. From the classic PC title System Shock to the Dickensian world of Dishonored 2, this genre is akin to avant-garde electronica or Darren Aronofsky films—beloved by critics and genre enthusiasts, yet somewhat alienating to the broader audience. Like similar fandoms, the most ardent fans of immersive sims often regard linear blockbusters with disdain. So, sorry Assassin’s Creed players, this is a club you can’t join.
While larger games like Tears of the Kingdom have recently experimented with genre elements, truly accessible, immersive sims are still scarce. Enter Deep Skin by Blendo Games—an attempt to cozy up the genre. With a premise lifted straight from a 2000s web comic, you take on the role of Nina Pasadena, an insurance commando determined to protect a kitty fleet from a pirate siege. Responding to the increasingly urgent distress signals from the anxious Tabby, Nina stealthily approaches the besieged vessel, strategizing to save the feline clientele.
Steal your prey with anything at hand: books and writers? …Deep Skin. Photo: Annapurna Interactive
The narrative is delightfully absurd, but the intriguing mechanics of the collision system deserve recognition. While pilfering supplies with unconventional items, I release a cloud of sanitizers, then knock out a pirate using a hefty novel. Before he can retaliate, I swiftly maneuver away, blending into a shimmering cloud to engulf adversaries in a spectacular explosion. This whimsical, slapstick style truly shines in Deep Skin, presenting a playground that revels in the absurdity of simulation.
However, not all aspects are flawless; Blendo Games introduces its own quirky gameplay twists. Pirates can respawn after being incapacitated, their “skull saber” desperately hovering back to their lifeless bodies. Nina must act quickly to dispose of the screaming heads before they seek revenge. One creative solution involves launching the skulls into space through shattered windows, while flushing the screams down a space toilet—an inventive way to bin each nuisance. The Duper Gun replicas allow players to sneak up on guards and instantly copy items in their possession, whether weapons or keys—vital for those kittens.
A manga-like playground… Deep Skin. Photo: Annapurna Interactive
With fully detailed ship environments, players can exit through airlocks and scale the exteriors, searching for sneaky entry points. In one mission, I crash through an exterior window, landing dramatically and removing a shard of bloody glass from my foot before tossing it into a pirate’s face, channeling my inner cat-loving John McClane.
Blendo Games recognizes that the finest immersive Sims often function as whimsical playgrounds. Every element feels like a sandbox, a tool for mischief. From tossing a pepper at a guard to watch him sneeze uncontrollably, to riding on a pirate’s back and charging into a wall, the delightful chaos of Deep Skin truly embraces its playful nature.
Unfortunately, I hoped for a more serious narrative tone. The liberated cube cat bursts from its cage with sparkling flair, prompting me to respond to Paw-Penned’s request for an elusive VHS tape. Although the humor of Skin Deep may appeal to some, the incessant cat puns and overly zany tone became exhausting, eliciting more grimaces than laughs.
If the cat-centric concept appeals, be mindful that Skin Deep utilizes Doom 3’s 2004 ID Tech Engine. Picture your nostalgic PC classic’s dimly lit corridors replaced with vibrant colors. Aimed deliberately at hardcore gamers, it sounds great on paper, but the outdated aesthetic doesn’t quite deliver the intended retro-chic vibe, often appearing quite primitive.
Nevertheless, if you’re a fan of quirky experiences, this colorful and refreshing entry into a notoriously challenging genre is worth your time. Ultimately, it offers a unique simulator filled with slapstick humor, although it may not cater to seasoned genre aficionados or entice complete newcomers. Perhaps not a breakthrough title, but if you can appreciate the whimsy of Deep Skin, you may find 10 hours of futuristic cat-themed fun ahead.
Hinesville, Ga. — From an elevation of 9,000 feet, NASA researchers observed extensive areas of prescribed burns at Fort Stewart Army Base this month, actively monitoring the flames and engaging with the landscape.
This burn is intentional and controlled, conducted as part of “prescription burns” to clear specific regions. The study, part of NASA’s FireSense project, aids firefighters in combating actual wildfires and may even help land managers avoid unnecessary ignitions.
However, initiatives like FireSense may face challenges as reports suggest significant budget cuts for NASA and other federal agencies under the Trump administration.
Last year, the U.S. experienced nearly 9 million acres consumed by wildfires, according to the National Interagency Fire Centre. Their annual report noted that wildfires and burned acreage in 2024 were “significantly higher than the five- and ten-year averages.”
Research indicates that climate change not only increases the frequency of wildfires but also exacerbates their destructiveness.
“The situation is deteriorating,” stated Michele Steinberg, director of the Wildfire Division at the National Fire Prevention Association. “We are witnessing fires in areas previously unaffected, burning hotter than ever.”
Severe wildfires pose substantial health, financial, and environmental threats, highlighting the importance of safeguarding lives and livelihoods through research.
NASA is not the only agency focused on wildfire issues. The U.S. Forest Service, the Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of Land Management are among the key federal entities engaged in wildfire response and prevention. What sets space agencies apart is their application of advanced technologies, including tools used in space, to bridge existing knowledge gaps.
“FireSense emerged from NASA’s recognition of wildfires as a significant issue. We are leveraging our expertise to assist the government in improving its wildfire management efforts.”
Project scientists will collaborate with local, state, and federal agencies, as well as academic partners, to enhance understanding of fire behavior, air quality concerns during and after wildfires, and ecosystem recovery post-ignition. Researchers are also exploring ways to manage vegetation in at-risk areas to minimize wildfire risks and curb rapid spread.
“Our objective is to adopt innovative technology, work closely with Wildland Fire Managers, and ensure this technology is accessible for wildfire situations,” explained Jacquelyn Shuman, a NASA Firesense project scientist.
The project employs equipment designed similarly to instruments used in low-Earth orbit on the International Space Station, providing detailed and accurate metrics to assist firefighters and land managers before, during, and after major fires.
At Fort Stewart, scientists monitored the prescribed burns, documenting the spread and mapping the flames with advanced infrared instruments known as Aviris-3 (short for Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer 3). The fire ultimately consumed around 700 acres.
NASA scientists are studying prescribed burns at Fort Stewart on April 14th. Milan P. Leikono / NASA
Researchers closely monitored fire spread, its ground position, and temperature variations.
Prescription burns are intentionally ignited to manage ecosystems that rely on regular fires for health. They also help diminish dry, combustible vegetation that could ignite uncontrollably.
These burns are meticulously planned and conducted under specific weather conditions to control their spread; they also serve as scientific experiments for wildfire researchers, according to Harrison Raine, a former elite firefighter and current project coordinator for FireSense.
“We’re aiming to integrate all aspects of the fire lifecycle and utilize scientific understanding to address ongoing issues,” said Raine, who has extensive wildfire experience across multiple states.
“This is a profoundly personal issue for me,” he shared. “Coming from Los Angeles, I’ve witnessed the devastation firsthand, and I am committed to tackling this critical challenge. It requires all available tools, and science is crucial.”
NBC News correspondent Jacob Soborov (left) visits FireSense burns with Department of Defense employees. Milan P. Leikono / NASA
Nevertheless, the future of FireSense may be uncertain due to ongoing concerns regarding funding for NASA and other federal programs.
“Funding decisions have not yet been finalized,” stated Rachel Courley, a spokesperson for the White House Office of Management and Budget. NASA declined to comment and referred questions about the budget to OMB.
As the administration gears up to unveil its budget proposals shortly, concerns about possible cuts intensify.
“As a former NASA leader, I take pride in the agency’s comprehensive efforts to monitor and respond to wildfires,” remarked Sen. George Whiteside (D-Calif) in a statement. “Cutting essential wildfire programs like FireSense poses a risk to rebuilding communities like mine after devastating fires in Southern California.”
Stanford University’s Wara emphasized the far-reaching consequences of NASA’s wildfire research, noting that space agencies have significantly contributed to contemporary wildfire models and fire-related data.
“There’s no doubt that FireSense has considerably enhanced our understanding of fire behavior and risk,” he commented. “Losing this initiative would be detrimental, as regaining that knowledge is exceedingly challenging.”
Amazon’s Kuiper Broadband Internet Constellation successfully launched its first 27 satellites into space from Florida on Monday, marking the beginning of a significant rollout of space-based internet networks, comparable to SpaceX’s Starlink.
These satellites are the initial part of a larger plan to deploy 3,236 at low Earth orbit as part of Project Kuiper. Launched in 2019, this billion-dollar initiative aims to deliver beam broadband internet globally to consumers, businesses, and government entities. SpaceX has been a notable client in this competitive landscape due to its robust Starlink operations.
Launched aboard the Atlas V rockets from Boeing and Lockheed Martin’s Joint United Launch Alliance, the batch of 27 satellites lifted off at 7 PM EDT from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The initial launch attempt on April 9th was postponed due to bad weather.
Project Kuiper represents Amazon’s largest venture into the broadband sector, entering the fray against Starlink and established telecom providers like AT&T and T-Mobile. The company aims to enhance connectivity in rural areas where access is limited or absent.
The deployment of the first operational satellite faced delays exceeding a year, with Amazon initially targeting early 2024 for its first batch. The Federal Communications Commission has set a deadline for Amazon to launch 1,618 satellites by mid-2026, prompting the company to likely seek an extension.
Following the launch, Amazon anticipates publicly confirming initial contact with the satellites from its Mission Operations Center in Redmond, Washington, within hours or days. If successful, the company expects to commence customer service later this year.
According to ULA CEO Tory Bruno, five more Kuiper missions can be launched this year. Amazon indicated in its 2020 FCC filing that it could start service with some of its 578 satellites in the northern and southern regions, gradually extending towards the equator as more satellites are deployed.
As an ambitious initiative in a market primarily dominated by SpaceX, Project Kuiper reflects Amazon’s extensive experience in consumer products and established cloud computing services, positioning itself as a competitor to Starlink.
In 2023, Amazon successfully launched two prototype satellites, paving the way for further developments. The program had maintained a lower profile until unveiling its initial Kuiper launch plans earlier this month.
SpaceX enjoys a unique advantage, serving as both a satellite operator and launch provider with its reusable Falcon 9 rockets, having placed over 8,000 Starlink satellites into orbit since 2019. Monday marked the 250th dedicated Starlink launch, with a rapid deployment schedule of at least one mission per week to enhance network bandwidth and replace outdated satellites.
This accelerated pace has led to SpaceX acquiring over 5 million internet users across 125 countries, boosting the global satellite communications market while supporting military and intelligence operations through Starlink’s advanced capabilities.
Amazon’s executive chair, Jeff Bezos, expressed optimism regarding Kuiper’s competitive potential against Starlink, noting to Reuters in a January interview that there is “an insatiable demand.”
“There’s a lot of room for winners there. Starlink expects it will continue to succeed, and Kuiper expects it will succeed,” Bezos stated.
“It will be primarily a commercial system, but these LEO constellations have defensive applications as well,” he added, referring to low Earth orbit.
In 2023, Amazon unveiled the Kuiper Consumer terminal, a compact antenna the size of an LP record that connects with overhead Kuiper satellites, along with a small terminal comparable to Kindle e-readers. The company aims to produce devices for tens of millions of users, each costing less than $400.
In 2022, Amazon secured 83 rocket launches from French Arianespace and Blue Origin ULA.
This month, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. shared the government’s latest findings on autism, presenting a stark and controversial viewpoint.
The notion that severe autism symptoms are on the rise lacks scientific backing. In fact, a recent study presented at the International Association for Research on Autism in Seattle indicates that the percentage of autism cases characterized by moderate to severe symptoms remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2016.
In recent weeks, Kennedy has consistently described autism as an “explosion,” attributing it to an increase in serious cases of intellectual disability.
“This trend is unprecedented. It raises alarms about community dynamics,” he told Fox News earlier this month. “This is effectively invalidating these children for their entire lives.”
Kennedy’s claims have drawn criticism from parents, advocates, and health professionals who argue that he represents a limited data set to generalize the autism spectrum.
According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in 31 children receives an autism diagnosis by age eight, though it did not distinguish between mild and severe cases.
During the briefing on April 16, Kennedy estimated that a quarter of diagnosed children were non-verbal or required assistance with toileting. A previous CDC study indicated that nearly 27% of individuals with autism are non-verbal or have an IQ below 50. Many researchers, however, suggest that the actual rates may be lower.
Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning it encompasses a range of symptoms, from mild to more pronounced, influencing how individuals socialize, communicate, learn, and behave.
A new study released this week highlighted that only mild cases increased between 2000 and 2016.
This study analyzed data from the CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disorder Surveillance Network, tracking autism cases across the United States. The researchers assessed adaptive test scores (evaluating children’s social, communication, and daily living skills) in contrast to IQ scores that indicate intellectual disability to determine case severity.
Co-author Maureen Durkin, a professor of population health sciences at Wisconsin-Madison, stated:
David Mandel, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, noted that he wasn’t involved in the analysis but remarked that adaptive scores were intended to capture severe cases like those described by Kennedy. Compared to IQ scores, adaptive scores better reflect how children with autism function in real life, including their ability to interact with others, manage self-care, and use the toilet independently.
The analysis indicated that in 2016, 1.2 out of every 1,000 children were diagnosed with moderate to severe autism, while mild cases surged by 139% in the same period, from 1.5 out of 1,000 in 2000.
“The rise is primarily among children without severe disabilities, and it would be beneficial for the current HHS secretary to be aware of that,” said Marianne Burton, a clinical professor of psychological science at the University of Connecticut.
The Department of Health and Human Services did not respond to requests for comment.
One potential reason for the increase in mild cases is improved identification by healthcare professionals. Developmental screening became increasingly common during the study period, and in 2006, the American Academy of Pediatrics began recommending universal autism screenings.
Additionally, the diagnostic criteria for autism were revised in 2013 to include mild cases, such as those previously classified as Asperger’s syndrome.
“We’re witnessing a significant expansion of diagnostic criteria that now encompasses individuals who wouldn’t have qualified for an autism diagnosis 50 years ago,” Mandel explained.
Dr. Alex Collebzon, clinical director of the Seaver Autism Center at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, mentioned the analysis relied on health and educational records, potentially including children with mild symptoms who may not have undergone direct diagnostic assessments.
“Assessing this cohort, I believe they are likely quite confident in their diagnosis, but we are not observing an increase in prevalence,” he stated.
Kennedy rejects the notion that the rise is due to improved diagnostic practices, suggesting that only a “small fraction” of the increase in cases can be attributed to this.
“The media has perpetuated myths in this industry, promoting the idea that autism is more prevalent simply because we are identifying more cases,” he told Fox News host Sean Hannity this month.
Instead, Kennedy unfoundedly claims that environmental toxins are the primary drivers behind increasing cases and has tasked CDC scientists with identifying the source by September.
Kolevzon acknowledged that environmental factors could exacerbate underlying genetic risks for autism, but existing research has yet to pinpoint any specific causative agents.
“We are unlikely to uncover widespread environmental factors that would fully explain the rising prevalence,” he concluded.
The media landscape is experiencing a significant transformation, with numerous traditional publications fading away, while various YouTube channels assert their influence rivals that of conventional television networks.
A former newspaper editor and current presenter, engaged in fundraising efforts to expand his YouTube venture, anticipates that more prominent media figures will migrate to this increasingly impactful streaming platform as viewer preferences continue to evolve.
“It’s similar to the shift from vinyl to digital music,” he noted. “People believed it would take ages, but the change happened swiftly.”
“In the UK, specific newspapers are disappearing. Which will still have a print edition in a decade? Observing younger demographics shows that those under 45 rarely purchase print newspapers.”
Morgan holds the rights to his YouTube channel, *Piers Morgan Uncensored*, having acquired them from the Rupert Murdoch empire after his previous agreements with News UK, which totaled £50 million over three years, ended. Now over 60, he acknowledges that his transition is a “learning curve,” yet he champions YouTube for its flexibility and low cost.
He emphasized that his decision to fully embrace the streaming service was influenced by his four children. “All of them are watching YouTube,” he remarked. “I rarely watch traditional TV, aside from live sports. Until last year, I was part of the outdated, structured 8PM live news format.”
While Morgan is known for his sharp commentary, his shift to YouTube reflects a broader trend where media personalities, especially within the U.S. conservative landscape, amass millions of subscribers. Morgan aims to replicate the success of DailyWire, a conservative American media outlet co-founded by commentator Ben Shapiro, which includes Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson.
YouTube wields significant influence in the media sphere, with various content originating from networks like ITV and Channel 4. Podcasters continue to enhance their presence, contributing considerable financial strength. In just the first quarter of 2025, YouTube’s ad revenue exceeded $8.9 billion (£6.644 billion), marking a growth of over 10% from the previous year. Meanwhile, Channel 4’s total revenue for all of 2023 hovered around £1 billion, a figure available for the most recent year.
Morgan cited last year’s U.S. election, mentioning that YouTube reported over 45 million views on election-related content on Election Day. In contrast, 42.3 million viewers tuned into 18 cable and broadcast networks that night. Although the figures aren’t directly comparable, Morgan stated:
“Prominent journalists have reached out to me, inquiring about a shift to my platform. I believe legacy media companies need to analyze why individuals like myself are venturing out into this realm,” he said. “More will be inspired to follow my lead, and I’m receiving intriguing inquiries from journalists.”
Morgan plans to emulate Gary Lineker’s Goalhanger Productions, which has produced successful podcasts in the UK. He envisions creating channels under uncensored brands that cover various genres, including true crime, history, and sports, with a direct focus on the U.S. and global audiences rather than just the UK.
“Look at what Gary Lineker achieved; he’s a close friend and with Goalhanger in the UK, he’s the first to credit his success. [podcast for Goalhanger] In terms of revenue, it’s substantial in America, but that’s just the beginning,” he stated. “It’s not solely about football; it’s about history. They travel to America and stage large live shows, which is massively successful there.”
“I seldom cover British news. We didn’t even discuss the final election results because my scope is broader: ‘Is this of interest to viewers in the Middle East? What about in Australia?’
Morgan shared his vision of decreasing reliance on his brand, aspiring to build something sustainable and independent. Though he considers it an “early era,” he is optimistic about attracting investors, as his venture is already profitable.
“We don’t require funding,” he stated. “With nearly 4 million subscribers, my inquiry to investors isn’t, ‘Just give me your money.’ It’s ‘What value do you bring to the table?’ ”
Headphones are common accessories for many people, but they have also become a prime target for thieves. Whether they’re snatched from your head or taken from your bag, here’s how to handle it.
What to Do If Your Headphones Are Stolen?
Check the headphone management app on your phone. Many have features that show where the headphones were last connected, allowing you to track them down.
Be sure to check Bluetooth models like Apple’s AirPods, Samsung’s Galaxy Buds, and Google’s Pixel Buds. They often have a “find my device” option, in case someone finds them.
Report the theft to the police using the non-emergency number 101, providing details such as make, model, color, and serial number.
Reach out to your insurance company to find out if your headphones are covered under any policy.
What to Do As Soon As You Get a New Pair
Getting replacements or new headphones can alleviate concerns about future theft or loss.
Install a headphone management app on your phone and enable location tracking.
Add your headphones to the “find my” feature on Apple or Google if they’re compatible.
Consider using Bluetooth trackers like Apple’s AirTag, Tile, or Samsung SmartTag with your headphones or their case.
Note down your headphones’ make, model, and serial number, keeping this information safe along with your proof of purchase.
Think about having your headphones engraved with your name; this option is often available at the time of purchase.
Explore where to wear your headphones and utilize noise-cancelling features that might help you notice if a thief tries to take them while you’re using them.
This summer, while traveling to Asia, I have decided to leave my iPhone behind. Instead, I will be taking an alternate phone that doesn’t have essential apps like Instagram, Slack, Signal, and others. It won’t even access my work email.
To clarify, I’m not aiming for a digital detox. My personal device holds sensitive information that I prefer to keep private, particularly from entities like US border officials. Hence, I’ve opted for a burner phone for my travels.
For over ten years, the federal government has had the authority to conduct border searches on travelers’ personal electronic devices, including phones, laptops, and tablets. These searches have been on the rise, yet only a minor percentage of travelers experience them upon entering the US.
Last year, the US Customs and Border Protection Agency reported conducting roughly 43,000 electronic searches, which is an increase from about 38,000 earlier.
I may come off as particularly cautious due to my profession as a journalist, always striving to protect sensitive sources. Thus, the burner phone seems like an extreme but necessary measure for some.
Recently, travelers have faced denial of entry into the US due to data on their phones, including social media content. Posts related to protests have also been scrutinized.
“A significant concern is the government’s ability to select individuals for searches,” explained Esha Bandari, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union. “There are instances of more intense searches at the border, affecting not just ordinary travelers but also lawyers protecting client confidentiality and those perceived as dissenters.”
While the rules for entering the US remain unchanged, the enforcement frequency may be increasing. Both leisure and business travelers need to be mindful of the data on their devices.
There’s no universal solution; the best strategy is contingent on your lifestyle and profession. Here’s how to navigate this.
Evaluate Your Risk
Cybersecurity expert Jeremiah Grossman suggests starting by evaluating who you are, your professional role, and how you use your devices.
For instance, if you’re a retired US citizen with holiday pictures or casual texts with friends, your data might not pose a significant concern. However, if you’re a visa student involved in government protests, your phone might contain information that could lead to complications.
“If law enforcement has full access to your phone’s contents, is it detrimental to you?” Grossman questioned.
From there, judge whether the risk is high or low to determine your strategy.
Low Risk: Use a Passcode and Remove Some Apps
If you’re slightly apprehensive about data searches, disable biometrics like fingerprints and facial recognition and rely solely on your passcode for unlocking your device.
For iPhones, go to the Settings app, tap Face ID & PassCode, enter your passcode, and turn off Unlock iPhone.
For Android devices, the steps may vary by model, but generally, you can find the option to turn off face unlock and fingerprints in the Settings menu.
Using only a passcode is a smart strategy for US citizens, as it can make it legally more challenging for officials to compel you to unlock your phone, Bandari noted.
While citizens can refuse to share a passcode, visa holders and tourists could face entry denial if they refuse compliance, so it’s wise to uninstall apps with sensitive information, like Instagram, Signal, and others.
Medium Risk: Backup and Purge Data
If you suspect a moderate likelihood of a government search, consider backing up all your data and cleaning your device before heading back to the US, Grossman advises.
For convenience, back up your data to an online service, like iCloud for iPhones or Google Drive for Android devices. This ensures that you can easily restore your data later by logging in to your account.
To back up your iPhone data to iCloud, go to the Settings app, tap on your name, then iCloud, select iCloud Backup. Enable Back up this iPhone and then tap Back up now. To erase iPhone data, use the Settings app, tap General, select Transfer or Reset iPhone, and tap Erase All Content and Settings, then follow the prompts.
For backing up your Android device to Google, go to the Settings app, tap on Google, and then select Backup. To purge data from Android, the steps will vary based on your phone model, but you can typically find the option for Factory Reset in the Settings.
After erasing the device and crossing the border, you’ll be able to restore the device from your backup during setup by entering your account credentials. (Make sure to note your password securely.)
High Risk: Use a Burner Phone
If you believe there’s a significant chance that US border officials will request to see your phone, the safest route is to leave your personal device at home and travel with a burner phone designated solely for your trip.
Here’s my plan:
I will bring an inexpensive Android smartphone loaded only with travel-related apps, such as navigation and transportation apps.
I’ll log into a separate email account created specifically for the trip to keep my itinerary and other travel information.
Upon arrival, I’ll use eSIM technology to connect to a temporary mobile plan on a local network, which can be set up via apps like Nomad, Airalo, or Gigsky. (I’ve previously written a guide on using eSIM technology.)
After returning home, I’ll transfer all my vacation photos from the burner phone to my iPhone and stash the burner away until my next journey.
For many years, studies have illustrated that people’s happiness over their lifetime typically follows a U-shaped trajectory. It tends to peak in youth, dip during middle age, and then increase again in older age.
However, recent surveys indicate that young adults today are experiencing less happiness than previous generations, signaling a flattening of this U-shaped curve.
This trend is further supported by a new research published in the journal Nature Mental Health. These initial findings stem from global prosperity research conducted in collaboration with researchers from Harvard and Baylor University.
Data collected by Gallup in 2023 revealed insights from over 200,000 respondents across 20 countries. On average, individuals aged 18 to 29 report challenges not only in happiness but also in physical and mental health, self-esteem, life meaning, relationships, and financial stability. The research combines these factors to assess whether participants achieve a state of prosperity.
The study found that participants reported generally low levels of prosperity until the age of 50, a trend observable in nations like the UK, Brazil, and Australia. Notably, the disparity between younger and older adults was most pronounced in the United States.
“It’s a rather bleak situation,” commented Tyler J. Vanderwielle, the lead author and director of Harvard’s Human Prosperity Program. These findings prompt critical reflections on whether we are sufficiently investing in the well-being of our youth.
Young adulthood has traditionally been viewed as a time of freedom and opportunities, yet research suggests this ideal may not align with the reality faced by many.
According to a 2023 report from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, young adults aged 18-25 in the U.S. reported double the levels of anxiety and depression compared to teenagers. Furthermore, perfectionism has surged among college students. Participation in community organizations, clubs, and religious organizations is declining, leading to increased loneliness among young people, reminiscent of trends seen in older populations.
“Post-study findings indicate that social connections are crucial for happiness, yet young people today spend less time with friends than they did a decade ago,” explained Laurie Santos, a Yale psychology professor and host of The Happiness Lab podcast. “Additionally, like individuals of all ages, young people are contending with a myriad of global issues, from climate change to economic and political divisiveness.”
The Greater Good Science Center at Berkeley recently announced Emiliana R. Simon Thomas as its science director.“We need to cultivate happiness without limiting ourselves.”
She believes the prosperity data reflects “the long-term impacts of prioritizing status and power” in the U.S., rather than our role in the broader community.
Dr. Vanderwielle emphasized the complexity of the research, which was conducted across varied economic, political, and cultural contexts. While the study’s geographical scope is broad, current analyses do not include mainland China due to delays in data collection. Moreover, low-income nations are underrepresented.
Not all countries show increased prosperity with age. In some places, such as Poland and Tanzania, prosperity has declined with age, while others, like Japan and Kenya, display a more conventional U-shaped pattern.
Nevertheless, in the majority of Western countries, and many others, young adults do not seem to be flourishing. Global Prosperity Research plans to continue data collection until 2027 to further elucidate these issues, according to Dr. Vanderwielle.
“We recognize that young people are in distress,” said David G. Blanchflower, an economics professor at Dartmouth who was not involved in the prosperity research; his research illustrates a similar trend.
Dr. Blanchflower has collaborated with the United Nations to facilitate discussions at Dartmouth, allowing experts to share insights on addressing these concerning trends.
Numerous theories exist regarding why young individuals are facing such troubles. He suggests that the problems may not solely arise from their constant engagement with screens.
“They’re not alone at home,” he remarked, invoking the dangers of social isolation, a theme explored in a seminal book by Robert D. Putnam published 25 years ago. “In fact, they’re not engaging socially at all.”
I“I’ve spent over 15 years in the gaming industry, and one of the most frustrating aspects is explaining it at social gatherings. People frequently respond with, ‘Oh, I’m not really into gaming.’ I don’t particularly enjoy croissants, but that’s not the first thing I mention to a pastry chef I meet.”
One of the highlights of publishing my debut novel last year was the chance to sidestep that entirely and say, “Oh, I’m a writer.” I penned a novel. I’m currently working on another project. Now that you’ve wrapped up with work, we can continue our conversation. Nobody says, “Oh, I’m not really reading a book,” which is at least somewhat unlikely to be true.
It’s become evident that I’m not alone in transitioning between these two mediums. Why is that? For many, it boils down to finances. Writing novels is notoriously challenging as a source of income, and novelists have traditionally depicted careers across various fields. A 2022 report by the Author’s License and Collection Association (ALCS) revealed that professional authors earn a median of £7,000 annually from writing. Romance author Mallory Marlowe, whose debut love story became a bestseller last year, notes that her day job in video games supports her writing endeavors. “Fortunately, I receive a steady paycheck,” she states.
At the same time, game writers are facing their own struggles. GDC’s 2025 Game Industry Report indicates that one story designer and writer was let go last year. Naturally, some game writers are now exploring opportunities in other sectors.
Scottish science fiction…like. Photo: Harry Josephine Giles
Occasionally, writers create a direct connection between the two mediums, allowing them to influence one another. Written in both Scottish and English, Harry Josephine Giles’ “Game Like” serves as a precursor to her book “Deep Wheel Orcadia,” a poetry novel capably expressed in the 2022 Arthur C. Clarke Award-winning Orkney dialect. Meanwhile, John Ingold, co-founder of Narrative Game Studio Inkle (known for “80 Days!”), has released two novels set within the studio’s “Game Heaven Vault” universe. Ingold self-published these works. For him, writing them was a means to immerse himself more in the gaming world, but he remarked that “the novel’s plot proved challenging to construct. The main character consistently hesitates to abandon things.”
When I inquire about the primary differences in form from fellow novelist game writers, I’m often surprised by the diversity of responses. For some, it relates to the creative process. The act of writing a novel can serve as an escape from collaborative compromises, while games require immersive teamwork. Joe Dunthorne (author of “Submarine,” “The Tullterants”) has written novels, poetry, and most recently, a memoir titled “Radium’s Child.” Despite setbacks in the gaming industry, he commented, “After the solitude and madness of novel writing, I found relief going into the office each day. Collaborating with game designers was especially inspiring; I marveled at their ability to conceptualize complex, dizzying structures.”
Apocalypse mystery… Salt Sea Chronicle. Photo: Digoot Fabric
Sharna Jackson creates children’s novels, including high-rise mysteries and nine-night quests. She has also contributed to the audio experiences of Die Gute Fabrik’s post-apocalyptic mystery games “Saltsea Chronicles” and “Yoto.” For her, the crucial difference lies in the volume of text available in games: “Many words remain unread or unheard, depending on the player’s choices within the experience.” Some of the most rewarding moments result in “rare occurrences and Easter eggs” that only a select few players may discover. Mallory Marlowe emphasizes the “strange independence” afforded to writers in gaming, yet acknowledges that novelists might take time to adapt to crafting narratives for players who approach story engagement with varying levels of commitment. “Some people just want to press a button and cause chaos,” she points out. “Others dive deep into the narrative.”
Ultimately, nearly everyone I converse with raises the distinct cultural status disparity between games and literature. Jim Munroe (author of “We Are Raccoons,” “Unmanned”) has been crafting games and books for over 25 years. He notes that books are culturally revered in a way that games are not. “Creators are engaged in gaming, despite its lower status,” he observes. Naomi Alderman, author of “Disobedience” and “Future,” echoes these sentiments. During a week when both her novel “The Power” and the game “zombies run!” (a co-creation involving six individuals) garnered awards, her book received attention on the front page of India’s Times, while “zombies run!” barely made a ripple within the specialized gaming press.
Naomi Alderman won the 2017 Bailey Women’s Award for her novel The Power. Photo: Stuart C Wilson/Getty Images
Conversations often circle back to the contrasting societal roles of gaming and literature, with varying responses to this reality. Munroe suggests that the gaming industry often attracts those with a penchant for independence. Marlowe appreciates the curiosity and confusion surrounding the notion of writing for games, cherishing the subsequent discussions. For Harry Josephine Giles, the unique space gaming occupies brings her joy; she underscores that games, being a newer form, have less rigid conventions. Early English novelists like Aphra Behn and Laurence Sterne disrupted norms, fundamentally altering the landscape, while today, only the most experimental novels enjoy similar flexibility. Games—carrying a lower cultural status—remain adaptable. As Dunthorne puts it, “Writing is often a lower priority in game design, and that’s alright. Games aren’t novels.”
Clearly, a new wave of young writers has emerged who grew up as native gamers, seamlessly transitioning between the two cultural forms without perceiving one as inherently superior to the other. Indeed, even in gaming, one might still encounter individuals at social events declaring, “Oh, I’m not really into them.” However, this might simply indicate the opportunity to create something extraordinary and unique while remaining unnoticed.
Deepfake technology—a method for digitally altering a person’s face or body to impersonate someone else—is advancing at an alarming rate.
This development is discussed in a recent study published in the journal Frontiers of Imaging, which facilitates the creation of some of the most cutting-edge deepfake detectors. These detectors analyze a consistent pattern of blood flow across the face, which has proven to be an unreliable method, complicating the search for harmful content.
Deepfakes are typically generated from “driving videos,” which utilize real footage that artificial intelligence modifies to completely alter a person’s representation in the video.
Not all applications of this technology are harmful; for instance, smartphone apps can age your face or transform you into a cartoon character, showcasing the same underlying techniques for innocent fun.
However, at their most malicious, deepfakes can be used to create non-consensual explicit content, disseminate false information, and unjustly implicate innocent individuals.
Experts caution that deepfakes of figures like Donald Trump could spread misinformation, undermining public opinion and trust in genuine media – Photo credit: Getty
In this study, researchers utilized cutting-edge deepfake detectors based on medical imaging methods.
Remote Photoplethysmography (RPPP) measures heartbeats by detecting minute variations in the blood flow beneath the skin, similar to pulse oximeters used in healthcare settings.
The accuracy of the detector is remarkable, with only a 2-3 beats per minute variance when compared to electrocardiogram (ECG) records.
It was previously believed that deepfakes couldn’t accurately replicate these subtle indicators enough to fool RPPP-based detectors, but that assumption has proven incorrect.
“If the driving video features a real person, this information can now be transferred to deepfake videos,” stated Professor Peter Eisert, a co-author of the research, in an interview with BBC Science Focus. “I think that’s the trajectory of all deepfake detectors. As deepfakes evolve, detectors that were once effective may soon become ineffective.”
During testing, the team found that the latest deepfake videos often displayed a remarkably realistic heartbeat, even when deliberately included.
Future deepfakes may convincingly depict actions or statements that individuals never made, potentially leading a large segment of the public to believe them unquestioningly – Source: Getty
Does this mean we are doomed to never trust online videos again? Not necessarily.
The Eisert team is optimistic that their new detection approach will prove effective. Rather than simply measuring overall pulse rates, future detectors may track detailed blood flow dynamics across the face.
“As the heart beats, blood circulates through the vessels and into the face,” Eisert explained. “This flow is then distributed throughout the facial region, and the movement has a slight time delay that can be detected in genuine footage.”
Ultimately, however, Eisert is skeptical about winning the battle solely with deepfake detection. Instead, he advocates for the use of “digital fingerprints” (encrypted evidence that video content remains untampered) as a more sustainable solution.
“I fear there will come a time when deepfakes are incredibly difficult to detect,” Eisert remarked. “I personally believe that focusing on technologies that verify the authenticity of footage is more vital than just distinguishing between genuine and fake content.”
About our experts
Peter Isert is the head of the Vision & Imaging Technologies Department and chair of visual computing at Humboldt University in Germany. A professor of visual computing, he has published works in over 200 conferences and journals, and also serves as an associate editor for the Journal of Image and Video Processing while sitting on the editorial committee for the Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation.
Upon witnessing wild baboons in Kenya, Matsumotoda Ogawa, an evolutionary biologist and primate researcher at the University of Lycys in Japan, observed firsthand the violence among these creatures, particularly among the males.
“The frequency of injuries was striking,” she remarked.
In contrast to her experiences with Nick and Kat, the healing abilities of baboons appeared almost superhuman.
In a study published in the Royal Society B, Dr. Matsumoto and her team examined healing rates in humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and mice. They discovered that human wounds heal more than twice as slowly as those of other mammals. This slower recovery may stem from evolutionary trade-offs dating back to when we lost our fur for naked, sweat-producing skin that helps us regulate temperature.
Researchers aimed to study healing in a more chaotic environment beyond what wild baboons provide.
To assess human healing, they enlisted 24 patients recovering from skin tumor removals at Lycys University Hospital. For chimpanzee data, considered one of our closest animal cousins, the researchers studied five captive chimpanzees at the Kumamoto Reserve of the Kyoto University Wildlife Research Center, where animals previously used in drug studies reside. Injuries in chimpanzees, akin to those of wild baboons, primarily resulted from conflicts among the animals.
Other primate subjects were housed at the Kenya Primate Research Institute. The researchers anesthetized the monkeys, induced surgical wounds, and monitored their recovery. “As an outdoor researcher, I believe invasive procedures should be minimized,” emphasized Dr. Matsumoto Oda, noting that the wounds from wild baboons are often similar in size to those inflicted surgically but deeper.
Finally, to compare distantly related mammals with humans and primates, the team anesthetized and surgically wounded mice and rats.
Drawing from her field observations, Dr. Matsumoto-Oda expected humans to exhibit slower healing than other species, noting that the 24 participants regenerated their skin at an average rate of about a quarter millimeter per day.
What astonished Dr. Matsumoto-Oda even further was the uniformity of healing rates among the animal subjects, including chimpanzees. There were no significant differences in the rapid regeneration of skin across the different primates, averaging about 0.62 mm of new skin daily, unlike humans, who were clear outliers.
Elaine Fuchs, a stem cell biologist at Rockefeller University who focuses on skin growth and repair and was not involved in the new research, expressed that the findings aligned with her expectations. This is largely because skin healing is influenced by hair.
Every hair grows from a follicle containing stem cells. Typically, these stem cells produce more hair. However, when necessary, they can facilitate new skin growth. “When the epidermis sustains damage, such as from scratches and scuffs, it’s the hair follicle stem cells that perform the repairs,” Dr. Fuchs explained.
Furry animals are covered in follicles, enabling quicker wound closure in mice and monkeys. In contrast, “human skin has a much lower density of hair follicles,” Dr. Fuchs noted. Our ancestors lost many of these follicles, replacing them with sweat glands. Although sweat glands also contain stem cells, they are significantly less effective at wound repair, according to Dr. Fuchs.
Why did we choose to evolve in this manner, sacrificing hair and its protective benefits? The glands responsible for producing watery, salty sweat that moistens our shirts on hot days are known as eccrine glands. Most furry mammals have them in limited areas, primarily on their feet. Conversely, early human ancestors were adaptations to sweating—modern humans possess millions of sweat glands, with a density ten times greater than that of chimpanzees.
“Many have enjoyed the benefits,” remarked Daniel Lieberman, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard University. Our extensive sweat glands and lack of fur enabled our ancestors to thrive in physically demanding, hot environments, aiding in cooling our larger brain functions, Dr. Lieberman stated.
The advantages of sacrificing hair for sweat appear to outweigh the downsides. Dr. Matsumoto-Oda and her colleagues theorize that social support among early humans may have helped those with injuries survive despite their slower healing process. (Or perhaps there were methods to treat wounds, akin to practices seen in orangutans and chimpanzees.)
“The drawback of evolution is that wound healing is slower,” Dr. Fuchs observed, yet humans have gained significant evolutionary advantages from losing their fur.
“If you wish, you can always wear a coat,” she added.
Human wounds take nearly three times longer to heal compared to those of other mammals, including chimpanzees, our closest living relatives. While the exact reason remains unclear, it may relate to an evolutionary adaptation linked to body hair reduction.
Human healing is slower in comparison to other animals. To investigate this, Matsumoto Akira, Oda from the University of Lycys in Japan, along with her colleagues, studied four other primate species: Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Sykes’ monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis), olive baboon (Papio anubis), and chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes).
The researchers anesthetized at least five individuals from each primate species, shaving a small patch of hair to create a 40 mm circular wound.
Photographs and wound measurements taken every few days showed that the healing rate averaged about 0.61 mm per day across all species.
Subsequently, Matsumoto-Oda and her team observed 24 patients at Lukyus University Hospital following skin tumor excisions.
The researchers also conducted studies on mice and rats, finding similar healing rates as those of non-human primates. This suggests that many mammals may have an evolutionary optimal healing rate, according to Matsumoto-Da.
“Crucially, we found that chimpanzees displayed the same wound healing rate as other non-human primates, indicating that the slow healing seen in humans likely evolved after our divergence from a common ancestor with chimpanzees,” she noted.
While the exact cause remains unknown, Matsumoto speculates it may relate to how humans adapted to hot environments. “The slower healing in humans might be connected to evolutionary changes, such as hair loss,” she explains. “Denser hair could correlate with higher stem cell counts, leading to faster healing.”
She also notes that social support — through food sharing, nursing, and medicinal care — may have compensated for the disadvantages of slower healing times.
Climate change contributes to events like the Marshall Fire in Colorado, which devastated 1,000 homes in December 2021
Jim West/Alamy
The Trump administration has dismissed nearly 400 researchers involved in the forthcoming US national climate assessment. This action may delay the completion of a critical report detailing the impacts of climate change on the nation.
“The Trump administration has carelessly undermined a vital US climate science report by prematurely discarding its authors without justification or a plan,” said Rachel Cleetus, representing the concerned coalition of scientists.
This move significantly hampers progress on the sixth National Climate Assessment, designed to inform federal and state governments about climate change risks and their implications. A law enacted by Congress in 1990 mandates that these assessments be produced every four years.
Although the next report isn’t due until 2027, extensive work has already begun, and the document may exceed 1,000 pages. The latest review, published in 2023, discussed the increasing difficulty of ensuring safe homes, healthy families, dependable public services, sustainable economies, and thriving ecosystems amidst climate challenges.
In early April, the Trump administration terminated a contract with a consulting firm responsible for coordinating research for upcoming assessments under the US Global Change Research Program. This follows numerous cuts at scientific institutions contributing to these efforts, as well as other actions restricting climate and weather research.
Despite the challenges, the report’s authors (mostly volunteers) were eager to collaborate, according to Dustin Mulvaney, who was focused on the Southwest section of the report at San Jose State University. “Many of us thought, ‘We can still do this!'”
However, with all the authors now released, completing the report appears unlikely.
A NASA spokesman, responsible for the global change research program, chose not to comment. Yet, some report authors stated to New Scientist that they received a brief notification indicating that all authors had been dismissed as agents assessed the “scope” of the evaluations.
The notification mentioned “future opportunities” for contributions. Ultimately, Congress legally requires these assessments, and the administration can still appoint new authors. Earlier reports emphasized climate risks, while new analyses will likely focus more on how the US is responding to climate change through reduced emissions and infrastructure adaptation.
Even if the report is eventually published, it may lack the rigor and reliability found in previous assessments, according to Mijin Cha, who was working on emission reductions at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “Now they’ve completely compromised it.”
“I think everyone is really disheartened by this situation,” she expressed.
The Environmental Health Perspective is widely regarded as the premier magazine in the field, announcing its suspension of new research submissions due to uncertainties surrounding federal funding cuts.
For over 50 years, this journal has been supported by the National Institutes of Health to evaluate research on the impacts of environmental toxins, including persistent chemicals and air pollution, publishing findings at no cost.
Joel Kaufman, the journal’s editor-in-chief, opted to halt new submissions because of the “lack of confidence” regarding the funding of critical expenses such as copyediting and updating editing software.
He refrained from providing comments on the publication’s future outlook.
“If the journal were to disappear, it would be a tremendous loss,” stated Jonathan Levy, Chair of the Department of Environmental Health at Boston University. “It diminishes access to crucial information needed for insightful decision-making.”
The NEJM editor referred to the letter as “blushy threats.” Recently, the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology, published by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, reported receiving similar letters.
Scientific journals have been under scrutiny from leading health officials during the Trump administration.
In a book published last year, Dr. Martin A. McCurry, the newly appointed FDA commissioner, indicated that the Editorial Committee of “Gatekeeping” will only disseminate information that aligns with “groupthink narratives.”
“If you don’t establish a plan to publish credible science now, I will find a way to sue you,” he warned.
Still, the uncertainty surrounding EHP has left researchers perplexed. They noted that funding cuts seem to conflict with the Trump administration’s declared priorities.
For instance, Kennedy has consistently highlighted the significance of investigating environmental factors in chronic diseases. The new administration has also shown interest in transparency and public access to scientific journals, a principle EHP pioneered.
EHP was among the first “open access” journals, accessible to anyone without a subscription, and unlike many other open access journals that impose substantial fees, EHP’s federal backing allowed researchers at smaller institutions to publish without financial concerns.
“There are several layers of irony in this situation,” Dr. Levy remarked.
EHP isn’t the only journal affected by funding cuts at the Department of Health and Human Services.
A draft budget obtained by The New York Times suggests that two journals published by the CDC—Emerging Infectious Diseases and Chronic Diseases—may face cuts. Both are available at no cost to authors and readers and are among the leading journals in their fields.
HHS spokesman Andrew Nixon stated that there was “no final decision” on the forthcoming budget.
Published monthly, Emerging Infectious Diseases provides state-of-the-art insights on global infectious disease threats.
Jason Kindrachuk, a virologist at the University of Manitoba, who has published studies on Marburg and MPOX in the journal, noted its importance in shaping response strategies during outbreaks.
Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. advised new parents to “conduct their own research” prior to “conducting their own research” during a television interview regarding infant vaccinations.
In a conversation with talk show host Phil, Kennedy stated that aired on Merritt on Monday, the 100th day of the Trump administration. He reiterated his stance, saying, “To prevent the spread of measles, getting the vaccine is your best option.”
However, Kennedy maintained that the choice rests with individuals. By suggesting that the vaccine poses risks, he undermines decades of guidance from public health professionals, including officials from the CDC.
“We live in a democracy, and part of being a responsible parent is to do your own research,” he replied to questions from women in the audience regarding vaccine safety advice for new parents. “You should investigate strollers, the food they consume, and the medications they receive.”
The phrase “I did my research” has emerged as a significant cultural and political term during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pro-vaccination advocates have criticized individuals primarily from the political left who opted out of vaccination. This expression evolved into a meme and has appeared in mock gravestones at Halloween-themed cemeteries in liberal areas.
The Department of Health and Human Services did not respond promptly to requests for comments.
Kennedy’s remarks were made amidst the largest measles outbreak in the U.S. in nearly 25 years, which has resulted in the deaths of two young children and one adult.
Dr. Paul Offit, a pediatrician and vaccine authority at Philadelphia Children’s Hospital, remarked that while he often disagrees with Kennedy, “it’s perfectly reasonable to be skeptical about a vaccine.” However, parents who wish to research should be mindful of their information sources.
“When you talk about doing your own research, it’s important to consult individuals with expertise in the area, or at least seek information from credible online sources. This doesn’t mean relying solely on chat rooms or social media,” said Dr. Offit. He emphasized that while good information exists, “many poor sources can mislead you about your options, and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. exemplifies that.”
Another vaccine specialist, Dr. Peter Hotez from Baylor School of Medicine, contended that Kennedy was being misleading. “He claims people are doing their own research—what parents often download is a flood of misinformation, steering away from expert health advice toward dubious influences.”
Kennedy further suggested that measles vaccinations could lead to various illnesses without substantiation. “Would you like to stop measles?” he inquired. “Certainly, but does it cause other issues like seizures or autoimmune diseases? We don’t know. No one can answer that.”
In reality, studies indicate that with rare exceptions, vaccinated individuals are less likely than those infected to develop autoimmune illnesses, concluding that vaccines “not only shield patients from infections but also from complications, including autoimmune symptoms.”
Kennedy’s statements in the interview were generally flawed. He proclaimed, “New medications are approved by external panels, not by the FDA or CDC.”
This is inaccurate. While external expert panels advise the FDA on controversial drug approvals, only the FDA holds the authority to sanction or reject new medications, vaccines, and treatments; the CDC does not partake in this process.
“Kennedy must understand the role of the FDA in drug development and marketing decisions,” asserted Dr. Robert Califf, the FDA’s commissioner under President Joseph R. Biden Jr.
Kennedy also erroneously asserted that vaccines were not subjected to safety evaluations prior to or following approval. “There is no initial safety research, and there’s no monitoring system afterward,” he claimed. “Vaccines are the only medical products exempt from pre-licensure safety assessments.”
In fact, the FDA licenses vaccines after an extensive year-long process involving thorough lab and animal testing, followed by human trials. Rigorous research on vaccine safety and efficacy is mandated. Typically, thousands participate in large clinical trials, as emphasized by Dr. Peter Marks, head of the vaccine division, who recently announced his resignation.
“I am uncertain about the origin of this misconception,” remarked Dr. Marks, critical of Kennedy. “Vaccines undergo extensive safety evaluations. Since they are administered to healthy individuals, safety is of utmost importance.”
Upon licensing, vaccines are monitored through various databases. Vaccine Safety Data Links employ electronic health records nationwide to detect unusual side effects, including rare myocarditis cases reported in young men post-COVID-19 vaccination.
Another system, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, established in 1990 as the “National Early Warning System,” relies on reports from both patients and healthcare providers. Many vaccine skeptics, including Kennedy, have cited Vaers data to argue that vaccines are harmful, but it is not intended to ascertain causality regarding health issues; rather, it flags potential concerns for further investigation.
The FDA operates an additional safety monitoring program known as BEST, focusing on biologics effectiveness and safety initiatives.
Dr. Sean O’Leary, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Infectious Diseases Committee, stated that it is incorrect to assert that federal officials do not surveil vaccine safety. “I am uncertain about the source of this claim,” he noted.
He added, “We recognize various rare adverse events. If it becomes evident that the risks approach or surpass the benefits, the vaccine will be withdrawn from the market.”
Shortly after President Trump issued an executive order to expedite submarine mining efforts, the US government received its first permission application. This initiative is championed by notable supporters within the metal industry.
On Tuesday, CEO Gerald Baron was present in Washington for a controversial hearing before the House Committee on Natural Resources. He likened the beginning of this process to a “starting gun” signaling a race to extract minerals like cobalt and nickel from nodules situated 2.5 miles deep on the ocean floor.
Debate erupted among committee members from both parties regarding the environmental implications of this mining practice. The Trump administration indicated it would contemplate permits for mining activities within US jurisdiction and international waters.
Other nations have accused the US of attempting to bypass international law, arguing that the waters designated for submarine mining should come under the governance of an independent international authority.
To date, no commercial submarine mining has been conducted.
California leader Jared Huffman, a ranking Democrat on the committee, criticized both the Metals Company and Trump for advancing undersea mining in “reckless cowboy fashion.” Democrats raised concerns over the financial viability of mining cobalt and nickel, citing major electric vehicle manufacturers’ shift towards alternative battery materials.
“The financial model of the industry is based on overly optimistic assumptions and does not reflect the realities and volatility of the global mineral market,” remarked Oregon Democrat Maxine E. Dexter.
The Metals Company attempted to reassure the committee, arguing that the potential harm to the seabed would outweigh the limited job creation and that accessing these minerals could reduce dependence on Chinese sources. They stated that a decade of extensive environmental studies supports their position.
Trump’s order follows years of delays by international authorities in establishing a regulatory framework for submarine mining. The authorities, established under United Nations auspices decades ago, are likely to miss another deadline this year for finalizing these regulations.
Baron informed the committee that it took him 14 years to draft the mining code, describing it as a “deliberate strategy” to slow undersea mining.
He further claimed that a polymetallic nodule extracted by his company is now on President Trump’s desk in the Oval Office.
According to the US Geological Survey, it is estimated that nodules within the Clarion Clipperton Zone in the Eastern Pacific contain more nickel, cobalt, and manganese than all terrestrial reserves combined. This proposed mining zone spans half the size of the US between Mexico and Hawaii.
Committee Chair Paul Gosar, a Republican from Arizona, insisted that subsea mining is essential for liberating the US from China’s “supply chain control.”
China has recently placed export restrictions on several rare earth elements, raising concerns that American companies may face shortages in producing advanced electronic devices.
The House Committee also considered a study discussing the impact of submarine mining on the seafloor conducted by Thomas Peacock, a mechanical engineering professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, partially funded by metal companies.
Dr. Peacock indicated that there may be countless undiscovered species in the Clarion Clipperton Zone, suggesting that certain areas should be off-limits for mining. However, he noted that the anticipated environmental impacts of nodule mining might not be as severe as speculated.
He specifically minimized the risk of mining causing plumes of sand and debris that could harm seabed life, comparing the fragments to “grains of sand in a fishbowl.”
In attendance with Mr. Baron was the CEO of Impossible Metals, a future deep-sea mining company. Unlike other companies that use vacuum-like extraction technologies along the ocean floor, Impossible Metals claims to have developed machines that can collect nodules selectively without disturbing the seabed.
“Our underwater robots hover to gather mineral-rich nodules from the seabed through AI-guided selective harvesting,” explained Oliver Gunasekara, CEO of Impossible Metals. “We avoid all visible marine life and leave 60% untouched.”
The company has reapplied for permission to conduct operations in US Samoa. Gunasekara noted that their previous applications were rejected during the Biden administration, but with new leadership in both American Samoa and Washington, he is optimistic about gaining approval.
The former athletic director, charged with using artificial intelligence to generate racist and anti-Semitic audio clips, also allegedly impersonated the school’s principal, as indicated by prosecutors.
Dazon Darien, 32, the former director, pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and a disturbing charge related to school activities, according to the Baltimore County State Law Office. He previously faced additional allegations including theft, stalking, and witness retaliation.
As reported by the Associated Press, Darien pleaded guilty to charges of intrusive school management while maintaining innocence under an Alford plea.
Darien, who previously served as athletic director at Pikesville High School, produced an audio clip containing derogatory comments about “ungrateful black kids” and light jabs at Jewish students. Police records revealed that the audio aimed to discredit the school principal, Eric Eiswart.
In a statement of fact, Eiswart mentioned having “discussions” with Darien regarding his contract renewal, citing “poor performance, inadequate procedures, and reluctance to follow the chain of command” as concerns. Darien’s troubles began in late 2023, which led to the audio’s release, according to the statement.
The attorneys representing Darien did not return calls or messages on Tuesday. The Baltimore County Public Schools District declined to comment on the situation, and attempts to reach Mr. Eiswart on Tuesday were unsuccessful.
Manufactured recordings shared on Instagram in January 2024 quickly circulated, impacting Baltimore County Public Schools, which serves over 100,000 students. Eiswart, who withheld comment during the investigation, has received multiple threats to his safety, according to police. He has also been placed on administrative leave by the school district.
Police records indicated that Darien expressed dissatisfaction with Eiswart in December after the principal initiated an investigation into him. It was revealed that Darien had allowed roommates to pay the district $1,916, falsely claiming the roommate was an assistant coach for the Pikesville Girls’ soccer team.
Shortly thereafter, police reported that Darien utilized the district’s internet services to explore artificial intelligence tools, including OpenAI, the creators of ChatGPT chatbots, and Microsoft’s Bing Chat.
(The New York Times filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and Microsoft in December 2023 for copyright infringement concerning news content related to AI systems.)
Creating realistic, manufactured videos, often referred to as deepfakes, has become increasingly simple. Previously, one required sophisticated software, but now many of these tools are available through smartphone apps, raising concerns among AI researchers regarding the potential dangers posed by this technology.
Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla remarked on Tuesday that uncertainties surrounding President Donald Trump’s Drug Tariff are hindering the company’s ability to pursue further investments in U.S. manufacturing and R&D.
During the company’s Q1 Revenue Call, Bourla responded to inquiries about Pfizer’s expectations regarding tariff negotiations, emphasizing the need for increased investments in the U.S.
“If there’s a guarantee of no tariffs… significant investments could be made in both R&D and manufacturing here,” Bourla stated, emphasizing the company’s desire for “certainty.”
“In times of uncertainty, everyone is focused on minimizing costs, as we are, leading to frugal investment practices. We are poised to allocate funds; that’s what I hope to see,” Bourla commented.
He highlighted that the current tax climate, which previously favored overseas manufacturing, is “undergoing significant changes” with the establishment of a global minimum tax around 15%. Bourla expressed concerns that these changes alone do not necessarily make the U.S. a more appealing investment destination without added tariff incentives or clarity.
“I spoke with [Trump], and I believe he aims to modify the existing tax framework, particularly for domestically produced goods,” Bourla said, indicating that further reductions could incentivize U.S. manufacturing.
In contrast to other companies navigating shifting trade policies, Pfizer did not alter its full-year forecast on Tuesday. Nevertheless, the company noted in a revenue statement that its guidance “currently does not account for any potential impacts related to future tariffs or trade policy changes, which remain unpredictable.”
In the revenue call, Pfizer executives mentioned that the guidance reflects $150 million in expenses attributed to Trump’s existing tariffs.
“The guidance we didn’t address today includes some of the current tariffs,” stated Pfizer CFO Dave Denton over the phone.
“We believe we are still trending towards the upper end of the guidance range, even with these costs this year,” he added.
President Trump’s 100th day in office commenced with what seems to be a rapidly developing dispute between the White House and Amazon.
During a press conference on Tuesday morning, White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt took a strong stance. Amazon had accused the administration of being “hostile and political” following a report from Punchbowl News claiming that the online retail giant’s products reflected an increase in tariff-related prices.
Displaying import fees would have clarified to American consumers that they bear the costs of Trump’s tariff policy, rather than China.
Following the report, Trump reportedly spoke with Amazon founder Jeff Bezos over the phone, as confirmed by three sources familiar with the conversation. An Amazon spokesperson quickly denied that any such policy was active, and by Tuesday afternoon, Trump was back to complimenting Bezos.
“Jeff Bezos is really good,” Trump told reporters during a trip to Michigan for a rally celebrating the first 100 days of his second term. “He solved the problem very quickly. He did the right thing. He’s a good guy.”
The relationship between Trump and Bezos seemed to shift dramatically in just a few hours. Bezos, one of the billionaires aligning with the White House, was courted by Trump due to his business acumen. Yet the administration was quick to publicly challenge Bezos when it appeared his business interests could potentially undermine Trump’s political position.
This strategy appeared effective.
Leavitt criticized Amazon on Tuesday morning while standing beside Treasury Secretary Scott Bescent. She mentioned her recent phone conversation with the president regarding the Punchbowl report and questioned why Amazon didn’t react similarly to price increases during the Biden administration amid inflation.
Leavitt referred to a 2021 Reuters article declaring, “Amazon is affiliated with Chinese propaganda arms,” stating it was “not a surprise.”
An Amazon spokesperson later indicated that while they acknowledged some points from the Punchbowl report, the new feature Amazon Haul—aimed at competing with Chinese retailer Temu—would display “import fees” to eliminate customs loopholes.
“The team is always discussing ideas,” said spokesperson Ty Rogers in a statement. He clarified that this concept has not been contemplated for the main Amazon site, adding, “This will never be approved and will not happen.”
Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick shared on social media that this development was “good news.”
Trump’s assertive tariffs on Chinese goods initiated an escalating trade war, despite his administration withdrawing from wider global negotiations, citing talks with numerous countries regarding new trade agreements.
Leavitt’s criticisms of Amazon were particularly significant given Bezos’ long-standing efforts to curry favor with the White House. Amazon contributed $1 million to Trump’s inauguration fund and reserved prime seating for Bezos and his wife.
Before the election, Bezos canceled editor support for Kamala Harris at the Washington Post. Recently, Amazon Prime has added multiple seasons of “Apprentice” to its lineup and struck deals with the Trump family for a documentary about Melania Trump.
In December, Bezos discussed the move to Trump at the New York Times Dealbook Summit, commenting, “What I’ve seen so far is that he’s calmer compared to his first term.”
He remarked, “I’m very hopeful. He seems to have a lot of energy in reducing regulations.”
When asked about his relationship with Bezos in a recent Cover Story in Atlantic Magazine, released Monday, Trump stated, “He’s 100%. He was amazing.”
However, when Levitt was posed a question on Tuesday morning about whether Bezos would still be seen as a Trump supporter, she deflected.
“Look, I’m not going to discuss the president’s relationship with Jeff Bezos,” Levitt replied.
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<p>Users of Reddit unknowingly participated in AI-driven experiments conducted by scientists, raising concerns about ethical practices in such research.</p>
<p>The platform is organized into various "subreddits," each catering to specific interests, moderated by volunteers. One notable subreddit, <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/">R/ChangeMyView</a>, encourages discussions on controversial topics. Recently, a moderator informed users about unauthorized experiments conducted by researchers from the University of Zurich, using the subreddit as a testing ground.</p>
<p>The study involved inserting over 1,700 comments into the subreddit, all produced by different large-scale language models (LLMs). These comments mimicked individuals posing as trauma counselors who had experienced abuse. An <a href="https://osf.io/atcvn?view_only=dcf58026c0374c1885368c23763a2bad">explanation of the comment generation process</a> indicates that researchers instructed AI models to disregard ethical concerns, claiming users had provided consent to use their data.</p>
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<p>A <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Eo4SHrKGPErTzL1t_QmQhfZGU27jKBjx/view">draft version</a> of the research findings revealed that AI-generated comments were found to be three to six times more persuasive than those authored by humans, based on how often they swayed opinions. The authors noted that users on <em>R/ChangeMyView</em> did not express concerns regarding AI involvement in the comments, suggesting a seamless integration of AI bots into the community.</p>
<p>Following the revelation of the experiment, subreddit moderators raised complaints with the University of Zurich. Despite the project's prior approval from the Ethics Committee, moderators did not disclose researchers' identities but informed the community about the alleged manipulation.</p>
<p>This experiment drew criticism from fellow academics. "At a time when criticism is prevalent, it is crucial for researchers to uphold higher standards and respect individuals' autonomy," stated <a href="https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/staff/carissa-veliz">Carissa Veliz</a> from Oxford University. "In this instance, the researchers fell short."</p>
<p>Scholars must demonstrate the ethical basis of research involving human subjects to university ethics committees before proceeding, and the study received approval from the University of Zurich. Veliz has contested this decision, stating, "The study relied on manipulation and deception involving non-consenting subjects, which seems unjust. It should have been designed to prevent such misrepresentation."</p>
<p>"While research may allow for deceit, the reasoning behind this particular case is questionable," commented <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthodgkinson">Matt Hodgkinson</a>, a member of the Council of Publication Ethics Committee, albeit in a personal capacity. "It's ironic that participants need to deceive LLMs to assert their agreement. Do chatbots have higher ethical standards than universities?"</p>
<p>When <em>New Scientist</em> reached out to the researchers through an anonymous email provided by a subreddit moderator, they declined to comment and called for a press conference at the University of Zurich.</p>
<p>A university spokesperson stated, "The researchers are accountable for conducting the project and publishing results," adding that the ethics committee acknowledged the experiment was "very complex" and that participants should be "informed as much as possible."</p>
<p>The University of Zurich plans to implement a stricter review process moving forward and aims to work more closely with the community on the platform before undertaking experimental research, the spokesperson reported. The investigation remains ongoing, and researchers have opted not to publish the paper formally, as confirmed by a spokesperson who declined to identify specific officials.</p>
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Last week, Apple faced a fine from the European Union, and Meta was also penalized for hundreds of millions in dollars.
As reported by my colleague Jennifer Rankin:
The European Commission imposed a fine of 500 million euros (£429 million) on Apple, alongside a 2 million euro penalty for Meta, for violating fair competition and user choice regulations. This marks the first enforcement action under the EU’s groundbreaking internet laws.
The EU Digital Markets Act (DMA) is designed to promote equitable business practices among tech giants, potentially setting the stage for further conflict with Donald Trump’s administration, which has heavily criticized European internet regulations.
The Trump administration quickly condemned the fines: a spokesperson from the National Security Council labeled the EU’s decision as “a novel form of economic terror that the United States will not accept.”
Although these fines are significant, their repercussions may be overshadowed by the intense scrutiny tech companies are under in the U.S. While the EU enforces stronger consumer protection laws in technology, legal actions against these firms could jeopardize the existing corporate structures that integrate products and generate substantial profits.
Before Trump’s potential re-election, I would have expected his administration to introduce tech regulations that could enhance Silicon Valley’s dominance alongside Europe. However, the current regulatory environment reveals a different reality: the U.S. Department of Justice is actively investigating nearly all major tech firms for alleged monopolistic practices. Lawsuits against Apple, Amazon, Meta, and Google have been filed over the past two years, with Meta’s trial commencing recently, jeopardizing its acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp.
Most critically, Google is facing the repercussions of losing two antitrust cases consecutively. The U.S. has petitioned the court to compel the tech giant to divest Chrome, a leading web browser.
With major tech operations based in the U.S., the government wields substantial influence. Unlike EU penalties, U.S. antitrust cases threaten the very foundations of these companies. High-performing firms have weathered heftier fines in the past, akin to when the FTC penalized Facebook $5 billion for privacy infringements, yet the platform continued operations as usual. Similarly, the EU fined Google in 2018 concerning Android’s preference for its search engine, while Apple was fined 1.8 billion euros last year related to music streaming payments.
Without Chrome, Google may offer a less tailored online experience. Platforms like YouTube and Google search may diminish users’ history, and no other entity currently ads on every corner of the web.
For more details, click here.
Two insightful essays on technology
UK Regulators Work to Safeguard Children Online
Tesla Posts Disappointing Earnings at a Critical Time for Musk
Donald Trump and Elon Musk at the SpaceX Test Flight launch in November. Photo: Brandon Bell/Reuters
Elon Musk’s electric vehicle company reported poor revenue figures last week for Q1 2025. Here are the details from my colleague Johanna Bouyan:
Tesla experienced a 9% decline in year-on-year revenue in Q1 2025, generating $19.3 billion—well below Wall Street’s expectations of $21.45 billion. The company reported earnings per share of 27 cents, significantly trailing the anticipated 43 cents.
The company’s profits plummeted by 71%, down to $499 million, compared to $1.399 billion in net income the previous year.
Tesla also saw a 13% decrease in vehicle deliveries, marking the worst quarter since 2022, with a total of 336,681 vehicles delivered.
Much of Musk’s considerable wealth—he remains the richest individual globally despite losing almost $100 billion since the start of the year—stems from his stake in Tesla, which is now valued significantly lower than it was when Trump took office.
In a call with disappointed investors following the revenue report, Musk remarked that his government role consists largely of “orderly finance houses.” He also indicated that his involvement with Doge will likely diminish next month, with plans to step away from the project on May 30, within the confines of his 130-day pledge as a special government employee.
This statement evokes the premature “mission accomplished” banner displayed by former President George W. Bush early in the Iraq War, indicating that the long-term success of Musk’s cost-cutting initiatives remains uncertain. Just days before the earnings call, a U.S. federal judge halted the administration’s efforts to close the leading consumer finance protection agency. The total impact of Musk’s role remains unclear.
the Sage Bambino Plus is a £350 espresso machine that not only brews espresso but also automatically froths milk with the touch of a button. I won’t spoil the surprise, but this might just be the best espresso machine for beginners currently available. Even if you’re looking to upgrade from a simpler model, such as the fantastic De’Longhi Stilosa, this is an excellent option.
Its straightforward design and true ease of use are key to its appeal, and it’s one of the things I love about using it, despite having much pricier machines at home. However, this isn’t a fully automated machine that guides you through every step; you’ll need to get the hang of dialing in the right grind size and dosage for the perfect shot. Fortunately, the included tools and helpful manuals ensure that even novices can quickly find their footing.
Once you’ve brewed a few espressos and honed your skills, the Bambino Plus will gladly take over the steaming process. Just fill the included stainless steel jug with a bit of milk, place it in the drip tray, and immerse the steam wand. Press one of the small buttons on the machine and wait. The gentle rumble transforms into a steady rhythm, and in about a minute, you’ll have a jug of cold milk turned into hot, silky foam. Pour this into your espresso, and voilà—you’re a barista now. I’d like a cappuccino, please. Just don’t forget the sprinkle!
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What You Need to Know
“Almost everything you need comes in the box.” Photo: Sasha Muller
The sleek appearance of the Bambino Plus gives it the impression of a more luxurious machine, yet its compact size fits perfectly on your countertop, making it easy to slot between a microwave and a mixer. While its price may not be considered inexpensive, it remains relatively affordable compared to high-end machines with hefty price tags.
Almost everything you need is included. The package contains tools for a stainless steel milk jug, a lightweight tamper, and a bag of coffee grounds. It also features a small pin on the tamper to clear any blockage in the steam wand from dried milk residue. Light metal portafilters come with a selection of baskets for both single and double shots.
The reason I say mostly everything is essential is that you still need a coffee grinder. If you’re okay with a hand grinder or a Baratza Encore ESP (£159.94), I’d suggest something like the Kingrinder K6 (£99). A set of scales for measuring your coffee beans will also prove invaluable; I recommend getting one that measures to at least 0.1g.
Selecting a filter basket is especially helpful for beginners. Pressurized baskets for single and double shots are perfect if you’re making espresso with pre-ground coffee from the store. The dual-wall construction enhances brewing pressure for a rich crema. However, if you have access to fresh, high-quality coffee and grinders, consider using a non-pressurized basket. That’s what I’d recommend.
Specifications
Type: Manual espresso machine with automatic milk frothing Dimensions: 19 x 36 x 30 cm (WDH) Water Tank: Removable 1.9L Replaceable Water Filter: Yes Included Accessories: 54mm portafilter (3 ears), tamper, dosing razor, water filter, 480ml milk jug, pressurized baskets (single and double), non-pressurized baskets (single and double), cleaning tool, backflush disc Heating Time: 6 seconds Milk Steaming Time: 56 seconds Grinders Included: No Noise Level: 46db (brewing), 59db (steaming) Weight: 5.9kg Warranty: 2 years of repair, replacement, or refund at Sage’s discretion
What We Love
Simple buttons make the Sage Bambino Plus user-friendly. Photo: Sasha Muller
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The Bambino Plus is straightforward to operate. The front panel features an intuitive layout with large buttons for both single and double shots, plus a button for milk frothing and two small buttons to adjust the milk temperature and froth level. Each setting has three preset options. It doesn’t hurt that the user manual is informative and easy to reference.
At the back, the sturdy 1.9-liter removable water tank fits securely and has a satisfying click when in place. The package includes one Claroswiss water filter that fits at the bottom of the tank and lasts up to three months. Replacement filters are available for £14.95.
Contrary to traditional boilers, the water is heated using a thermoblock that takes just 3 seconds to reach temperature. When you power on the machine, the button will flash for a few seconds, then light up continuously once it’s ready to brew. Unlike most machines in the sub-£500 range, it is equipped with a PID temperature controller which ensures stable heat. There’s even low-pressure pre-infusion, a feature generally found only in more expensive machines that allows for even extraction.
Perfecting your espresso shot will still require some trial and error. While the Bambino Plus is a manual espresso machine, Sage’s user manual and YouTube video playlist can help newcomers avoid a frustrating experience. Even without precise scales, the Razor Tool helps prevent over-tamping in the portafilter, resulting in a smooth espresso texture—it might take a little patience, but the rewards are often worth it.
Those rewards are undeniably delightful. I have experimented with various medium-roasted beans from local roasters, Crafthouse Coffee, and the Bambino Plus handled them all well. The only drawback is that the preset brewing temperature may not be optimal for lighter roasts, making it challenging to get a balanced shot. If light roasts are your preference, consider investing in a more expensive model with adjustable brewing temperatures.
If you’re wondering if you should save some money and opt for the standard Sage Bambino, I would advise against it. The Bambino lacks automatic milk frothing and doesn’t feature a positive pressure relief valve. This is crucial; in instances where the machine clogs and the espresso grinds become overly fine, the Plus can release excess pressure into the drip tray. Doing the same on the standard Bambino would require removing the portafilter, causing a sudden burst of coffee grounds and water to eject messily.
Pricing could be more competitive. Photo: Sasha Muller
To truly optimize your experience with this machine, a bit of attention is required, although it’s not overly complicated. For instance, running hot water through an empty, pressurized portafilter warms everything up, making it easier to achieve a consistent tasting shot. This hot water can even be used to preheat your cups. There’s a raised area for cups on top of the Bambino Plus, but it doesn’t get hot enough during normal use.
If you find yourself missing a dedicated hot water button for Americanos and other drinks, you can activate it by pressing the single shot and milk froth buttons simultaneously. I honestly didn’t find the absence of a dedicated button too strange.
For those who prefer quick, hassle-free coffee, and who have ever considered this purchase, I suggest you think it through carefully. The processes of grinding, measuring, tamping, and brewing are part of the allure of manual espresso. However, while the Bambino Plus’s quick warm-up and automated milk frothing are great, they aren’t quite comparable to the ease of capsule machines.
Finally, I believe the pricing could be more competitive. Before the pandemic, the Bambino Plus sold for around £250. Prices rose during the pandemic and haven’t returned to those levels. If the current price of £349.95 feels excessive, patience may pay off; discounts do crop up during sales.
Warranty and Repairability
Repairing common issues can range between £80 and £120. Photo: Sasha Muller
Sage offers a two-year warranty covering manufacturing defects and material issues. However, it does not cover standard wear and tear. If a replacement occurs, it’s important to note that the original warranty period won’t be extended.
For problems that arise post-warranty, most of us would prefer to keep our coffee machines out of landfills. I spoke with Radu Bria, the owner of Espresso Repair Shop in Stockport, regarding the Bambino Plus’s repairability.
He noted that it’s relatively straightforward to disassemble the machine for internal access. However, with only one official supplier in the UK, sourcing replacement parts can take longer.
Common issues faced by Bambino and Bambino Plus models include faulty solenoid coils, temperature probes/sensors, and blocked thermojets due to hard water. If you wish to maintain your machine beyond its warranty, it should last for several years. Just keep in mind that the included filter, or even a basic filter jug, won’t prevent limescale buildup; a non-scaling water softener or a reverse osmosis filter is essential for that.
Sage Bambino Plus: Should I Buy It?
In short, the Bambino Plus stands out as perhaps the ideal beginner machine. Over the years I’ve owned it, it has become one of my favorites, thanks to its ease of use, compact size, and exceptional quality. The only lingering question is whether you really need that fourth cappuccino before lunch. Those coffee beans in the cupboard await your attention.
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Sasha Muller is a freelance technician and consumer journalist, an avid coffee enthusiast, and a craft beer aficionado, with over 20 years of experience testing products. When not exploring the local woods with his kids, he’s likely found in discussions about mountain bike tires or classic drum bath vinyl.
Italian scientists have figured out how to achieve a flawlessly creamy pasta sauce each time by delving into the physics of cooking Cacio E Pepe.
Cacio E Pepe translates to “cheese and pepper” and is a classic Italian dish made with pasta, Pecorino Romano cheese, and black pepper.
Despite its simplicity, this recipe can easily be mishandled. Combining warm pasta water with cheese can lead to a sticky clump of cheese and watery pasta instead of a smooth, creamy sauce.
Researchers from the University of Barcelona in Spain, the Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems Physics in Germany, the University of Padova in Italy, and the Institute of Science and Technology in Austria collaborated to analyze the science behind a creamy Cacio E Pepe sauce.
To achieve a completely creamy pasta sauce like Cacio E Pepe, the starch in pasta water serves as a crucial stabilizer when mixed with cheese – Photo Credit: Getty
“We are Italians living abroad,” said Dr. Ivan di Terlizzi from the Max Planck Institute. “We often gather for dinner and enjoy traditional dishes.
“While cooking Cacio E Pepe, I thought this would be an intriguing physical system to investigate and explain. Plus, it served a practical purpose to avoid wasting good Pecorino.
A recent study, published in Liquid Physics by the American Institute of Physics, revealed that the secret to a creamy, cheesy sauce lies in the water.
Typically, fats like oils and cheese should not mix with water. However, the starch in the pasta water, when added to the cheese, acts as a stabilizer to create creamy emulsions.
Research author Dr. Daniel Busiello explained to BBC Science Focus that when cheese is heated, its proteins “change composition” and stick together.
“But starch mitigates this effect by binding to cheese proteins, reducing their direct interactions and thereby limiting aggregation,” he detailed.
According to scientists, the ideal pasta water for a creamy Cacio E Pepe sauce contains about 2-3% starch, and they advise against accidentally leaving starch in your water.
“Starch is a critical ingredient, and its quantity can be precisely measured. Therefore, we recommend using accurately measured amounts of starch,” Da Terlizzi said. “This can only be achieved if you have the correct amount of powdered starch in proportion to the cheese you are using.”
As a result, the researchers suggest adding a measured amount of potato starch or corn flour to the water, rather than pouring raw pasta water directly into the pan.
They also recommend allowing the water to cool before incorporating the cheese.
For perfect creaminess, scientists advise first mixing the water and starch, then combining this starch-water mixture with the cheese, adding it all to the pan, and slowly heating it. Finally, add the black pepper and pasta.
Busiello noted that the scientists’ recipe “remains faithful to Italian traditions,” with the only alteration being the use of powdered starch to maintain control over the amount used.
“An experienced chef probably does not require our recipe,” he remarked. “However, we offer a method to ensure that traditional Cacio E Pepe can be prepared even in challenging situations, like cooking large amounts of pasta, effortlessly.”
“Of course, we tested this method with over two kilograms of pasta, and all our guests enjoyed it!”
Busiello added that measuring starch could also benefit other Italian pasta dishes, such as spaghetti Aglio e olio and Carbonara, which also rely on pasta water and cheese sauce.
Read more:
About our experts
Dr. Daniel M. Busiello is a distinguished PKS fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems in Dresden, Germany, and works as an independent researcher. He previously studied at the University of Salerno and Pisa before completing his PhD in Entropy Production in Non-equilibrium Systems at Padova University.
The White House has accused Amazon of engaging in “hostile and political acts” following reports that the e-commerce giant intends to inform customers about the cost of Donald Trump’s tariffs during their shopping experience.
Press Secretary Caroline Leavitt commented on the news, citing Punch Bowl News, which indicated that Amazon has begun displaying to users how much product prices have risen on its site, mentioning that this could obscure the total price shown.
“Why didn’t Amazon take this action when the Biden administration raised inflation to its highest levels in 40 years?” Leavitt questioned during a press briefing.
Since Trump implemented extensive tariffs in early April, Amazon’s online marketplace has seen significant price increases, particularly for goods shipped from China, where many of the items listed originate. According to reports, the company has applied pressure on third-party sellers to absorb additional import costs instead of passing them on to customers. Amazon has not yet responded to inquiries for comment.
Leavitt emphasized, “This is yet another reason for Americans to support local businesses,” while noting that Amazon’s headquarters is based in Seattle.
Trump’s trade policies have significantly impacted online shopping. Just a day before the White House’s criticism of Amazon, discount retailers like Temu and Shein, who import from China, began including 145% “import charges” in their customers’ totals to account for the extra costs associated with Chinese products.
When asked if the White House’s stern remarks indicated a rift between Trump and Amazon’s former CEO, who stepped down in 2021 and contributed $1 million to Trump’s Inaugural Fund earlier this year, the question remained open.
Bolivian “zombie” volcanoes are displaying signs of activity; however, scientists assure that the risk of an eruption is minimal at this time.
The majestic summit of the Central Andes, Uturuncu, last erupted around 250,000 years ago.
For many years, researchers have noted unusual occurrences, including minor earthquakes and distinctive “sombrero” ground deformation patterns. The center of the volcano is gradually rising while the surrounding land sinks.
The cause of this phenomenon has yet to be determined.
A recent study published in the journal PNAS has identified pressure pockets, indicating that heated liquids and gases are still in motion beneath Uturuncu, causing surface deformations.
An international team of researchers from China, the UK, and the US has leveraged seismic data from over 1,700 earthquakes to create the most detailed three-dimensional representations of the volcano’s subsurface structure.
They discovered liquid rock rising from the Altiplano Puna Magma body, a large reservoir of partially melted rock located deep within the Andes.
GPS station with Cerro Uturuncu in the background. – Duncan Muir, Cardiff University
As these liquids ascend through narrow vertical channels, they gather just below the summit of the volcano, creating a reservoir of gas and brine. Instead of new magma being injected, this fluid movement seems to sustain Uturuncu’s ongoing activity.
“Our findings illustrate how integrated geophysical and geological methods can enhance our understanding of volcanoes and the hazards and potential resources they entail,” stated Professor Mike Kendall from Oxford University, a co-author of the study.
Notably, the researchers found that gas accumulation underground is relatively low, indicating a reduced likelihood of a significant eruption at this time.
These findings are intended to reassure the local community while highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring. Uturuncu is among numerous “zombie” volcanoes globally; these are classified as dormant yet still exhibit internal movement.
“This methodology can be applied to over 1,400 potentially active volcanoes,” remarked co-author Professor Matthew Pritchard from Cornell University. “This approach may also be relevant to other dormant volcanoes like Uturuncu that demonstrate signs of life.”
Currently, Uturuncu remains restless beneath the surface but is not prepared to awaken just yet.
Stars and planets arise from swirling clouds of cosmic gas and dust, primarily composed of hydrogen and other molecular elements. On Monday, astronomers announced the discovery of the closest known cloud to Earth, a vast, crescent-shaped region teeming with potential for star formation.
This cloud, located approximately 300 light-years from our solar system, has been named after EOS, the Greek goddess of dawn. It is the first molecular cloud identified through hydrogen fluorescence, according to Blakeley Burkhart, an astrophysicist at Rutgers University.
“If you observe these clouds in the sky, they’re enormous,” Dr. Burkhart stated. The findings were published in conjunction with a colleague in the Nature Astronomy Journal. She also remarked, “It literally glows in the darkness.”
Investigating clouds like EO, especially regarding their hydrogen content, could reshape astronomers’ understanding of the galactic material available for planet and star formation. This research also provides insights into the rates of formation and destruction of the materials that fuel these processes.
“For the first time, we are observing this hidden reservoir of hydrogen that can create stars,” explained Thavisha Dharmawardena, an astronomer at New York University and co-author of the study. Following the discovery of EOS, astronomers expressed a desire to identify more hydrogen-rich clouds.
Molecular hydrogen, which consists of two hydrogen atoms, is the universe’s most abundant substance. This stellar nursery contains it abundantly. However, detecting these molecules from the ground is challenging because they emit light at wavelengths easily absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere.
In contrast, carbon monoxide—composed of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom—is simpler to detect. It emits light at longer wavelengths, making it accessible for observation with radio telescopes commonly used to identify star-forming clouds.
EOS eluded detection for a long time due to its unexpected nature and low carbon monoxide levels.
Dr. Burkhart identified the cloud while analyzing data from approximately 20 years earlier from the Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FIMS), an instrument aboard a Korean satellite. She found molecular hydrogen signatures in areas where she believed no molecular cloud existed and collaborated with Dr. Dharmawardena for deeper investigation.
“At this stage, I was familiar with nearly every molecular cloud by name,” Dr. Dharmawardena noted. “I had no awareness of this particular structure; I couldn’t comprehend it.”
Dr. Dharmawardena confirmed the discovery against the 3D map of interstellar dust in our galaxy, which was developed using data from the now-retired Gaia Space Telescope. “EOS was distinctly outlined and visible,” she commented. “It’s a stunning structure.”
John Black, an astronomer at Sweden’s Chalmers Institute of Technology, lauded the methods used to unveil EOS, though he was not part of the research team.
“It’s remarkable to witness molecular hydrogen firsthand and trace the outline of this cloud,” Dr. Black remarked. He added that, compared to carbon monoxide, hydrogen reveals the “authentic shape and size” of EOS.
Utilizing molecular hydrogen data, astronomers estimated the mass of EO to be about 3,400 times that of our Sun, significantly exceeding the carbon monoxide-based estimate of 20 solar masses.
Dr. Burkhart suggested that similar carbon monoxide measurements may underrepresent the mass of other molecular clouds. She emphasized the significance of this finding in stellar formation, as larger clouds can spawn larger stars.
In a follow-up study, EOS, which remains unreviewed, revealed that the cloud has not produced a star previously. However, the future potential for star formation remains uncertain.
Dr. Burkhart collaborated with a team of astronomers to conceptualize a NASA spacecraft named EOS, which inspired the cloud’s name. This proposed space telescope aims to map molecular hydrogen content in clouds across the galaxy, including its namesake.
Such a mission could enhance our understanding of the potential for more concealed clouds and known stellar clouds to contribute to star and planet formation.
“I genuinely don’t know how stars and planets come into being,” Dr. Burkhart admitted. “By observing molecular hydrogen firsthand, we can gain insights into how the birthplaces of stars form and how they ultimately fade away.”
On Tuesday, the automaker announced that General Motors has revised its profit growth forecasts for the year, citing uncertainties stemming from President Trump’s trade policies.
This month, the Trump administration declared a 25% tariff on imported vehicles and plans to impose the same duty on imported parts starting Saturday. Typically, about half of GM’s sales in the U.S. come from vehicles manufactured overseas, primarily in Canada and Mexico.
During a conference call with reporters, Paul Jacobson, the company’s CFO, stated, “We prefer not to discuss figures that are mere speculation regarding the administration’s actions.”
He further emphasized that GM perceives the potential impact of Trump’s tariffs as “material,” indicating a significant influence on the company’s revenue this year.
GM reported a profit of $2.8 billion for the first quarter on Tuesday, reflecting a 7% decrease compared to the prior year. The profits were primarily driven by a 14% drop in earnings before North American interest and taxes, while the international business reported modest gains.
Previously, the company had forecasted net profits of $11.2 billion to $12.5 billion for 2025, which would effectively double last year’s net profit of $6 billion.
“We cannot rely on earlier projections,” Jacobson remarked.
Along with the 25% tariff on imported cars, the Trump administration has elevated tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, raising the costs of metals crucial for car manufacturing. Additionally, tariffs on China have increased significantly, with several other countries also facing higher duties, which have temporarily decreased to 10% for a 90-day period.
Jacobson described GM’s discussions with the Trump administration regarding tariffs as “productive,” though he declined to provide further details, stating, “I don’t want to appear as negotiating in public.” He expressed hope for greater clarity on the tariff situation within the automotive sector.
Jacobson noted that the tariffs only became effective on April 3, thus having a negligible effect on the company’s financial results for the first quarter. “We have a solid foundation for our operations,” he reported.
GM has previously stated plans to ramp up production of pickup trucks at its facility located near Fort Wayne, Indiana.
On April 1, the Trump administration initiated its budget cuts, impacting Morgantown, W.Va. Federal scientists were focusing on health and safety concerns for American workers. That morning, hundreds of staff members at the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health learned they had been laid off and would lose building access.
More than 900 lab animals remained on site. The institute managed to transfer approximately two-thirds (mainly mice) to a university lab, as reported by two recently terminated employees. Unfortunately, the remaining 300 animals were euthanized last week.
In recent months, the Trump administration aimed to reformat American research, resulting in mass firings of federal scientists, withdrawal of active research grants, and proposals to fund essential laboratory operations.
These actions have disbanded various research initiatives and significantly affected lab animals, crucial for much of the nation’s biomedical research.
“Many animals will face sacrifice—they will be terminated,” remarked a researcher on the potential use of non-animal alternatives at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Experts indicate that predicting the total impact is challenging, as much of the administration’s actions are embroiled in legal disputes. Furthermore, animal research is often discreet, leaving no clear count of animals in U.S. laboratories.
Numerous scientists are hesitant to discuss the fate of lab animals due to fears of backlash from animal rights activists or retaliation from employers or the administration. Many requests for interviews with research facilities remain unanswered.
“It’s a terrible situation for them,” Dr. Rock stated. “Retaining animals can incur high costs, while sacrificing them can provoke public outrage.”
Some animal rights advocates welcome the uncertainty, even if it leads to euthanasia. However, many researchers feel devastated by the dual loss—many animals could perish without contributing to scientific knowledge.
“We don’t engage with animals lightly,” said pulmonary toxicologist Kyle Mandler, recently laid off from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, part of the CDC. He was in the midst of research on harmful dust generated in certain construction materials. About 20 of his mice were euthanized last week, leaving his study incomplete and without data.
“Knowing that their lives and sacrifices were completely wasted is both depressing and infuriating,” he expressed.
The Department of Health and Human Services did not directly respond to inquiries regarding the seized Morgantown animals. However, an unnamed HHS official stated via email that changes at NIOSH are part of a “broader reorganization,” integrating multiple programs for a healthier U.S.
“Staffing and operational adjustments occur in phases,” the statement noted. “Animal care operations are ongoing, and HHS is committed to upholding all federal animal welfare standards throughout this transition.”
Sudden halt
In recent years, many countries, including the U.S., have shifted away from animal research due to its costs and ethical concerns, often poor relevance to human outcomes. This month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration revealed plans to phase out animal testing requirements for certain drugs, favoring three-dimensional human organ models made from lab-grown cells, like organoids and “organs on a chip.”
Experts agree these emerging technologies show great promise. However, for the time being, lab animals remain vital to biomedical research, with some arguing that certain data can only be gathered through animal studies.
“We aim to exit this realm,” stated Naomi Charalanbakis, director of science policy at a nonprofit advocating for the continuation of animal use in biomedical research. “But we’re not there yet.”
Research involving lab animals requires careful planning over years, stable funding, and skilled veterinarians and technicians for daily care. The Trump administration’s actions jeopardize all of this.
At the NIOSH facility in Morgantown, initial budget cuts encompassed animal care staff. “But they resisted, insisting they couldn’t leave while animals remained on site,” said a former lab technician.
After the Trump administration froze funding at Harvard this month, researchers developing a new tuberculosis vaccine faced the grim prospect of euthanizing rhesus macaques. This study and the monkeys were saved only after private donors stepped in to provide funding.
Animals involved in halted projects might be relocated to different labs, but others may be undergoing experimental treatments or exposure to pathogens or toxins. Many are retained to illustrate specific behavioral or health vulnerabilities, and lab animals, not being wild, cannot simply be released. Experts noted that the sudden influx of surplus lab animals may overwhelm the nation’s animal sanctuaries.
Anne Linder, associate director of the Animal Law and Policy Program at Harvard Law School, expressed concern that the fate of many lab animals would hinge on the “whims and temperament” of individual researchers and lab staff.
“In the absence of oversight, some decisions may be misguided, driven by harsh needs rather than the welfare of the animals involved,” she said in an email.
Cost reduction
Many researchers have expressed concerns regarding the National Institutes of Health’s attempts to impose severe caps on “indirect costs” related to scientific research, including those tied to maintaining animal care facilities.
A federal judge halted the NIH from implementing these funding caps, but the agency has appealed. Should these policies pass, the repercussions could be disastrous for institutions utilizing non-human primates in their research.
The Washington National Center for Research on Primates, located at the University of Washington, houses over 800 non-human primates. The indirect funding cap represents a loss of around $5 million annually, forcing the colony’s size to shrink, according to director Deborah Fuller.
“This could shatter the entire infrastructure we’ve established,” she cautioned.
If that occurs, the center will strive to find new homes for the animals, yet other research facilities share similar issues, and primate sanctuaries may struggle to accommodate the influx.
As a last resort, primates may have to be euthanized. “This is the worst-case scenario,” warned Sally Thompson Iritani, assistant deputy director of the university’s research department. “Even if it’s uncomfortable to consider, it’s a possibility.”
For some animal rights advocates, the reduction of federal animal research facilities is a cause for celebration. “For many of these animals, euthanasia before experimentation may be the best scenario,” noted Justin Goodman, senior vice president of the White Coat Waste Project, a nonprofit advocating for the cessation of federally funded animal research. (He did stress that finding new homes for lab animals would be preferable.)
Deluciana Winder, director of the Institute for Animal Law and Policy at Vermont Law School, hopes that these cuts could lead to the closure of the National Primate Center. Nevertheless, she expressed concern that reductions at the USDA could weaken already lax oversight of lab animal welfare.
Dr. Locke believes the crisis could serve as a “wake-up call” for the nation to pursue alternatives to animal research, albeit in a thoughtful manner.
“I don’t find it acceptable to cull millions of animals from research,” Dr. Locke stated. “It’s not socially or scientifically acceptable. We need to acknowledge that it’s a likely outcome.”
Last month, Tether’s CEO Paolo Ardoino attended a private lunch with business leaders and lawmakers at the Willard, a luxury hotel situated near the White House.
Tether has long been accused of financial misrepresentation and enabling illegal activities on its platform. However, at the Willard, Ardoino and other leaders from the crypto sector received a warm reception from Sen. Bill Hagerty, a Republican from Tennessee who serves on the Senate Banking Committee. He participated in the lunch, and discussions on digital currency regulations and national security were led by four knowledgeable attendees.
This gathering signifies a transforming landscape for crypto firms, especially with President Trump expressing support for the industry. Once operating with minimal visibility in the U.S., Tether is now seizing this shift to expand its influence in Washington.
Since President Trump took office, Tether has been advocating for regulatory changes in response to its U.S. operations. The company’s primary product, a cryptocurrency known as Stablecoin, aims to maintain a consistent price of $1. Tether aligns with a push in Congress surrounding Senate bills; legislation was introduced this year by Hagerty to define rules for Stablecoins. The firm also initiated a public relations campaign, featuring advertisements in influential Washington publications and highlighting cooperation with U.S. law enforcement agencies.
For years, Tether was viewed with suspicion. Its stability has been a favored method for criminals. In 2021, the company paid $18.5 million to settle a fraud investigation by the New York Attorney General’s office.
However, within mere days of taking office, Trump, who had begun exploring crypto alongside his sons the previous year, reversed the Biden administration’s stringent stance on digital assets. Crypto firms that once avoided the U.S. for fear of regulatory actions now enjoy significant access to Congress and the White House.
No one has undergone a transformation as pronounced as Ardoino, an Italian who had not set foot in the U.S. until this year. During a trip to Washington in March, he met with lawmakers and attended forums hosted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, mingling with industry peers at a gathering sponsored by Coinbase, a major crypto exchange.
In a recent interview and social media update, Ardoino described himself as an average foreigner on a delightful journey across America, sharing photos of his visit to the U.S. Capitol and the White House, as well as his experiences at the Central Park Zoo and the Museum of Natural History.
“I’m very naive,” he remarked in an interview with the New York Times. “I’m sure I’ll finally have my first Italian meal in New York at the age of 40.”
Ardoino takes pride in Tether’s robust partnerships. The company’s most prominent ally is investment bank Cantor Fitzgerald, which until recently was led by Howard Lutnick, Trump’s former Secretary of Commerce. One of Tether’s principal lobbyists is Jeff Miller, a significant Republican political player. Cantor Fitzgerald is also involved in discussions surrounding the Stablecoin Bill.
During his recent visit, Ardoino also met Zach Witkoff, the head of Trump’s crypto initiative, World Liberty Financial, and the son of the White House envoy to the Middle East. Tether sought guidance on media strategies from Washitz, the corporate public relations firm founded by former Republican leaders Miller and Kevin McCarthy.
“I’ve met Kevin several times,” Ardoino shared. “We maintain a solid relationship,” he noted, “because we respect the boundary that he hasn’t been involved with Howard during his term.”
Lutnick’s representative did not respond to inquiries for comments.
In a statement, Miller referred to Tether as “the ultimate ally for America,” expressing pride in representing them. A spokesperson for Hagerty mentioned that the senator participated in the March lunch to discuss the relationship between digital assets and national security.
Even within the chaotic world of crypto, Tether’s origin story is particularly intriguing, featuring a diverse array of characters. The company was founded 11 years ago by ex-child actor Brock Pierce, who, alongside his associates, eventually transferred control to Italian Giancarlo Devasini, a former plastic surgeon.
Devasini, now a crypto millionaire, lives in Switzerland and is seldom in the limelight. Ardoino, a former software developer who has been connected with Tether for much of the past decade, stated that since 2014, he has served as the public face of the company.
Tether’s offerings aim to mitigate the significant drawbacks of traditional cryptocurrencies, which are often volatile and less practical for everyday transactions. Stablecoins retain a $1 valuation, making them a preferred choice for many crypto traders.
In essence, Tether and similar issuers function akin to banks. For instance, if a trader deposits $500, they receive 500 Tether coins. The issuer earns income by investing some of these deposits while maintaining their own returns. The model relies on the issuer having sufficient reserves for each coin in circulation and the ability for customers to redeem holdings at any time.
Critics of Tether have long argued that their reserves are inadequate to cover redemption requests. When the New York State Attorney General’s Office announced its 2021 settlement, it was stated that Tether had misrepresented the nature of its reserves, dubbing its cryptocurrency both “unstable” and “stable.”
“Tether’s reputation should matter to everyone,” emphasized California Representative Maxine Waters, a leading Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee in an interview.
Yet, Tether has continually managed to navigate challenges. Currently, the company has made its public audit accessible, revealing that approximately two-thirds of its reserves, equating to about $94 billion, are invested in U.S. Treasury bills.
Last year, Tether recorded profits exceeding $13 billion, establishing itself as one of the wealthiest cryptocurrency operations globally. In December, Tether made an investment of $775 million in Rumble, a right-leaning streaming platform closely associated with Trump Media & Technology Group. Additionally, it has unveiled plans for Tether Tower, a headquarters in El Salvador.
One of Tether’s most influential allies in the U.S. is Lutnick, whose company, Cantor Fitzgerald, manages billions in U.S. Treasury investments for Tether, lending the firm an air of institutional credibility. At last summer’s Bitcoin Conference, Lutnick confirmed that he could verify full backing for Tether coins.
“We accounted for every penny,” he stated at the event. He exclaimed.
After Lutnick was appointed as Secretary of Commerce, he delegated control of Cantor Fitzgerald to his sons. Currently, Cantor Fitzgerald and Tether, in collaboration with lobbyist Miller, are working on shaping Stablecoin regulations in Washington. Lobbying disclosures indicate that both are active in discussions on the Senate’s Stablecoin Act, which sets guidelines to ensure that U.S. issuers maintain adequate reserves.
However, the official guidelines introduced for national innovation under the U.S. Stablecoins Act include provisions allowing foreign issuers to sell coins without adhering to the new regulations, subject to certain law enforcement agency requirements. This clause has drawn criticism from Democratic senators during recent Banking Committee hearings, who denounced it as a “significant loophole” benefiting Tether.
“My Republican colleagues appear concerned about backlash from one of Donald Trump’s close associates,” remarked Senator Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat from Massachusetts.She stated at the hearing.
Ultimately, the Banking Committee approved advancing the bill to the full Senate.
In an interview, Ardoino expressed that he is “very excited” about the Genius Law’s language requiring cooperation with law enforcement, as Tether is already closely collaborating with U.S. authorities. He revealed that Tether is considering launching a U.S. branch and offering “domestic stubcoins” tailored for financial institutions.
Ardoino plans to return frequently to the U.S. He described Washington as “very clean,” although he had some reservations about the food. He is enthusiastic about the potential to challenge American crypto firms on their home turf.
“Come with me,” Nando instructed. “I know its location.”
It was late morning, warm, humid, and serene. As we made our way along the path filtered through the jungle’s trellis-like hue, beams of sunlight pierced through the foliage. A colossal cargo vessel, several hundred yards away, was laden with containers lining the Panama Canal. Yet, it felt like an entirely different realm.
We strolled alongside the verdant banks of the fragrant rainforest, home to countless birds. I was on a quest for something particular.
In a vibrant clearing of woodlands, it appeared just like all the others to me. Our guide paused.
“Who is, Who is, Who is,” he called softly, then listened intently.
“I can’t rely on my eyes,” he murmured. “You need to use your ears.”
When he called for the third time, I listened and responded softly. Who is, Who is, Who is.
It was incredible. Nando was communicating with birds.
A stout, small striped antpipit alighted on a branch nearby. I stood there, utterly mesmerized as the man and the bird gently exchanged calls.
“This is the same bird I’ve been calling for years,” Nando expressed with delight in his voice.
“You mean the same species?” I asked.
“No, no,” he grinned. “The very same individual. That bird has become very dear to me.”
In that brief moment, a profound connection blossomed between man and bird, creating lasting memories during our recent travels in Panama.
This past December, my family and I ventured into birdwatching in Panama. The country is rapidly developing its ecotourism sector and operates in the same time zone as Chicago, minimizing jet lag for most Americans. The Panama Canal holds a rich cosmopolitan history, serving as a habitat for both immigrant and indigenous bird species, from magnificent frigatebirds soaring through the sky to charming forest birds, skillfully highlighted by Nando.
This is also why the Panama Canal was built in the early 20th century, revolutionizing global trade and accounting for the abundance of birdlife here. It lies in the isthmus between North and South America, bordered by the world’s largest oceans, the Pacific and Atlantic. With everything from sun-soaked beaches to cool, forested mountains reaching over 10,000 feet, this area showcases dramatically varying altitudes and climates.
Before Donald Trump took office, he proposed a trip to the canal, stirring discussions about reclaiming it. This topic didn’t gain much traction among the three birdwatching sites we visited. Fellow birdwatchers were too captivated by their sightings, and the locals we met largely dismissed the issue as bold and untroubling.
And as Nando remarked, “Everyone is aware of one aspect, but there’s so much more.”
I’ve learned to appreciate the nuances.
We began our journey in Panama City, established over 500 years ago and now a bustling trading hub. The old town is undergoing a renaissance, characterized by its red-brick streets. La Compania, once a monastery, now boasts a long bar beneath slowly swirling ceiling fans, offering cocktails that evoke a warm, romantic ambiance of old tropical charm. We also enjoyed delightful jazz music at Spikey’s, while Villaana reminded me of the elegant old houses of Savannah, Georgia.
Wildlife Amidst a Cargo Ship
On our first morning, we connected with Nando, whose full name is Ismael Hernando Kiros Miranda. He started his own birdwatching operation a few years ago, following a recommendation from someone in the hotel industry. As we journeyed from the city to the canal zone, he shared pieces of his life story.
“I was one of those who never had many opportunities,” he reflected.
He described how he cultivated crops and cut trees in his village after someone assaulted his father on their family farm. The natural world became his domain, and he dedicated years to learning about birds, trees, habitats, climate change, and Panama’s ecological systems.
Shortly after arriving at the canal zone, he and his son Ismael, who assists him, guided us to a red-lored parrot sailing through the sky—followed by a toucan that resembled a frog. We admired a brilliant social flycatcher and a pipit with striking yellow feathers. Nando ambled with his head slightly tilted, always listening intently. When he located a bird, he would use a laser pointer to help us focus on its position in the trees. By sunrise, golden rays touched the water, and by 9 AM, we had already spotted over 55 bird species.
However, our experience transcended mere birdwatching. My family are avid bird enthusiasts, and I realized that birdwatching opens the door to witnessing a plethora of other wonders. As we trailed behind Nando, we encountered vibrant blue morpho butterflies, odd-looking agoutis, leaf-cutter ants bustling across the jungle floor, and even wriggling red carpets. Off in the distance, the loud howls of monkeys echoed, although they remained hidden behind a thick curtain of cedar, ficus, giant fig trees, and towering bamboo.
“Oh, look at that,” my wife Courtney exclaimed, as a dragonfly buzzed around like a miniature helicopter.
“Helicopter dance fly,” Nando remarked. “Probably a female.”
His knowledge astounded me.
Magical Valley
After a successful day with Nando, we journeyed for two hours to a charming town called El Valle de Antón. Upon arrival, we noticed the homes were larger and the gardens even more enchanting. I spotted a traveler with a lovely backpack strolling along the main road, riding a few bicycles as we passed.
El Valle resembles a picturesque fairy tale, featuring a quaint hacienda with a red roof nestled among lush green mountains. At an elevation of 2,000 feet above Panama City, it boasts cooler temperatures and lower humidity, attracting travelers and affluent locals alike. New cafes with vibrant, painted tables lined the sidewalks. We indulged in delicious empanadas, and just thinking about their perfect crust and mouthwatering fillings makes me crave more. El Valle feels reminiscent of Bali Ubud two decades ago.
I spent two days at the Canopy Lodge, a cozy retreat crafted by birdwatchers for birdwatchers. On my first morning, I woke up early, grabbed my laptop, and tiptoed into the dining room.
“Hey!” a tall man exclaimed, appearing unexpectedly. “Did you spot the Rufous Motmot?”
It was 6:30 AM, and I was about to check my emails.
“It’s a stunning bird,” he remarked.
His outfit featured an impressive 3-foot-long camera rig, complete with a camouflage hood and a lens resembling a cannon.
The email waiting for me felt trivial and regretful. So, following his suggestion, I ventured through the bushes behind the kitchen and there it was: the Rufous Motmot, radiant in its deep colors—green, yellow, and blue feathers—and sporting a delicate racket tail swaying gracefully.
The Canopy Lodge forms part of a network of eco-friendly lodges initiated by Raul Arias de Para, an economist belonging to one of Panama’s notable families. “Panama,” he explained, “is a beautiful country, vastly different from the unfortunate stereotypes surrounding tax evasion and corruption.”
Raul collaborates with the Cornell Lab of Ornithology to establish a 24/7 Bird Camera behind the dining area. While dining and discussing birds, we observed tanagers, aracaris, woodpeckers, and barbets. Following this, we ventured into the nearby jungle for more birdwatching.
One highlight was visiting a banana farm, which turned a small, lush garden into a significant bird feeder. The farmer spoke little English, and my Spanish was lacking, so we quietly sat on his porch, eagerly watching colorful birds feast on bananas. My favorite was the red-legged honeycreeper, a diminutive wonder donned in vibrant blue with striking red legs.
Coconut Ice Cream, Caiman, Owl
Our final destination was Isla Palenque, a luxury resort on the Pacific coast of Panama. We returned to Panama City and caught a brief flight to the town of David. Here, with extended family, we enjoyed leisurely poolside moments, played soccer on the beach, and savored a sumptuous dinner (beef tenderloin stuffed with pasta in a delightful coffee sauce, fresh seafood, with lemon tart and coconut ice cream for dessert).
Beyond our villas, wildlife was abundant in the surrounding forest, and several resort staff members were naturalists like Nando. We continued to explore.
One evening, a young man named Francis took us on a walk where we encountered a rainbow beetle, a scorpion, a possum, and even a 3-foot-long caiman. At dawn, he led us to a palm grove, where a group of crested oropendolas were busy gathering long strands of grapes, floating gracefully, while crafting a nest that hung from trees like socks. I spent a delightful 15 minutes engrossed in their antics.
Francis mistakenly informed my 15-year-old son, Apollo, our family’s top birder, about the elusive and magnificent owls residing in the jungle. From that moment, Apollo consistently inquired of the resort staff about their sightings. On our final day, we embarked on a last-ditch effort to locate them.
Just minutes from our villa, we felt transported to a remote part of the jungle. We could hear birds but struggled to see them, as insects swarmed around us, and sweat dripped down our faces.
Francis raised his fist firmly, signaling us to stop suddenly as we seen in the military.
We halted immediately. He gestured subtly. I caught a glimpse of it.
Perched on a sunlit branch, the owl stared back at us with its large, radiant yellow eyes.
We were face to face with one of the most extraordinary creatures of the forest, led by sounds just as Nando had shown us on our first day.
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