Orcas Cleansing Each Other with Bits of Kelp

Killer whales demonstrate strong social interactions

Shutterstock/Tory Kallman

Orcas off the coast of North America have been observed engaging in a unique behavior, grooming each other with kelp—showcasing an intriguing instance of marine mammals utilizing tools.

For several years now, scientists have closely monitored a population of 80 endangered killer whales in the Pacific region between British Columbia and Washington. Researchers employed drones to capture a bird’s-eye view of these whales’ activities.

Since analyzing the footage from summer 2024, they have noted Orcas manipulating kelp chains in a peculiar manner. “It’s quite strange,” states Rachel John from the Whale Research Center in Washington, “but whales are known for their quirky behaviors.”

The footage reveals Orcas snapping off kelp stems at the seabed by using their teeth and rocking back and forth on their heads. The segments they break off are approximately the length of their beak-like snout. Remarkably, the Orcas consistently target specific parts of the kelp rather than randomly selecting pieces.

After breaking the kelp, the whales rub it between their heads and the sides of their pod mates, taking turns to groom each other for extended periods—sometimes lasting up to 12 minutes.

“What’s fascinating is that they lack appendages like hands, so they accomplish this using deliberate body movements,” adds John.

Known as “kelping,” this behavior, observed among Orcas, could be a social variation of existing grooming habits. “The social bonds in this group are exceptionally strong, and physical contact is a known way to reinforce these ties,” explains John.

This behavior was observed across all ages and genders within the pod, with the data suggesting that whales of similar ages were more likely to engage in this “kelping” behavior together. Importantly, it may serve as a form of hygiene, says John. The team found that Orcas were more inclined to scrub each other with kelp if they had any skin issues.

While it’s premature to ascertain any health benefits from this behavior, Olaf Meynecke from Griffith University in Australia expresses interest in having researchers compare the skin bacteria of Orcas with kelp properties to identify any correlations.

“It makes perfect sense that they would explore what resources the oceans provide to mitigate skin infections,” comments Meynecke. He believes this behavior may be prevalent among other Orca pods as well as various whale species.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Orcas Might Be Capable of Tool Use with a Bit of Kelp from a Companion

The killer whale populations in the southern regions are critically endangered and are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Currently, their population averages around 73 years. These creatures are highly social, forming close-knit family groups led by their mothers and grandmothers.

Each whale receives a tracking number from the Whale Research Center and is meticulously monitored by researchers, photographers, and whale watchers.

According to Giles, “I would argue that this is the most studied whale population globally, regardless of species, due to the extensive research conducted over the last 50 years.”

What led to this remarkable behavior going unnoticed by researchers for decades?

The issue lay in their perspective.

Weiss remarked, “This behavior is truly inexplicable. It’s predominantly underwater, with approximately two feet of kelp wedged between the two animals.”

Recently, researchers have begun utilizing drones to observe whales from the sky. As drone technology has advanced, so too has the quality of the data gathered.

“A major breakthrough during the 2024 field season was our acquisition of a new drone,” Weiss revealed.

He mentioned that researchers first noticed a whale nudging another whale’s horn in April, followed by about 15 minutes of them rubbing against each other.

Once this unusual behavior was recognized, its occurrence began to increase significantly.

“We started observing it frequently. At least one whale exhibits this behavior every day when we fly the drone,” Weiss said.

Researchers believe this behavior may have been ongoing all along.

Giles noted, “We simply lacked the appropriate perspective. This behavior may have existed since ancient times. We’ve only scratched the surface of understanding these animals.”

For years, Southern resident whales have been at the forefront of conservation efforts. The Marine Mammals Commission reports that these whales face numerous threats, such as decreased prey availability, toxic pollution, and disturbances from ship noise. Studies indicate that without urgent intervention, Southern resident killer whales could face extinction.

Weiss emphasized that these new insights highlight the necessity of protecting the species.

“Through these discoveries, I’ve realized that the later stages of our study present even more to uncover, and we must ensure their survival to learn it,” he stated. “This isn’t just a group of 73 whales; it’s a distinct culture and society. These whales possess a rich array of traditions that trace back thousands of years.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com