Some argue that discussing Adolf Hitler can lead to losing an argument. Resorting to having his DNA sequenced to attract media attention indicates a clear defeat in the debate.

Yet, Channel 4 in the UK is doing just that with Hitler’s DNA: The Dictator’s Blueprint, airing this Saturday. I plan to watch it, so feel free to skip it.

DNA is a piece of cloth soaked in blood. It’s a remnant from the sofa where Hitler took his life in 1945, now displayed in a US museum. Despite some gaps due to age, the Y chromosome reportedly aligns with a male relative of Hitler, suggesting authenticity.

Had this been an academic pursuit aiming for knowledge, such as investigating rumors of a Jewish grandfather (which DNA disproves), it might have been acceptable. However, the documentary sensationalizes the findings, claiming this DNA will “change how we perceive Hitler.”

This implication leans towards genetic determinism, suggesting Hitler was fated to commit atrocities due to his genetics. While the documentary stops short of making this assertion, the term “dictator’s blueprint” carries that connotation.

This logic suggests that cloning Hitler would likely yield more tyrants. While impractical, identical twins—sharing the same DNA—exist as natural experiments. Twin studies estimate how much traits and conditions stem from genes rather than environment.

However, twin research has its issues. It’s challenging to disentangle genetic and environmental factors, especially as twins share upbringing. Nevertheless, estimates suggest less than 50% heritability for criminal behavior, aligning with genocidal dictators. Thus, we shouldn’t assume that a majority of hypothetical Hitler clones would become tyrants.

Moreover, our grasp of the human genome is still developing. We can’t accurately predict simple things like eye color, let alone the complex traits influenced by the brain and the environment.

Current methods can identify genetic variants linked to higher disease risks, like autism. Individuals are assigned a “polygenic score,” but these scores don’t definitively predict conditions. Various factors matter, potential associations might be coincidental, and important variants may be unidentified.

“It’s essential to stress that autism polygenic scores lack clinical utility due to inconsistent correlations and limited applicability,” stated a meta-analysis this year.

The documentary claims that Hitler’s genome shows a high propensity for autism and mental health issues like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While historical accounts suggest Hitler displayed troubling behaviors, genetic data cannot confirm psychological diagnoses.

But more crucially, what if he exhibited these traits? Are there underlying explanations for these classifications? As Simon Baron-Cohen from Cambridge University states in the documentary, the adverse effects of Hitler’s abusive father play a significant role in explaining his hatred and aggression.

He learned that characteristics tied to schizophrenia may correlate with creativity and unconventional thinking, possibly elucidating Hitler’s political and military achievements. Really? This is mere conjecture.

This is the core issue with analyzing Hitler’s genome. While we draw plausible connections with his actions, these links could easily be erroneous. Moreover, such narratives further stigmatize conditions like autism and schizophrenia.

The documentary contradicts its claims, mainly reiterating existing knowledge about Hitler. The only assertion of novelty is that Hitler may have suffered from Kallmann syndrome, impacting sexual maturation. Yet, evidence already exists that Hitler faced anatomical issues as noted in past research—history often provides more clarity than genetics.

Additionally, the documentary tackles a broader question: Was Hitler singularly wicked and solely responsible for World War II and the Holocaust? There’s no shortage of genocidal dictators, many of whom rely on a supportive network.

Millions elected Hitler, and various officials upheld the legal measures enabling his rise, with numerous individuals enforcing the discriminatory laws resulting in the Holocaust. We don’t need genetic narratives to explain the emergence of dictators; the more pressing inquiry is why we permit them to rise to power.