Ecosystem Unearthed 30,000 Feet Beneath the Pacific Ocean

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Researchers have identified flourishing ecosystems of clams, tubeworms, and other species more than 30,000 feet deep in the Pacific Ocean. According to findings published in the Nature Journal, these represent “the deepest and most extensive chemical synthesis-based communities recognized.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

A Giant Squid Captured on Video for the First Time Swimming Almost 2,000 Feet Below the Ocean’s Surface

The giant squid, the world’s heaviest invertebrate, was captured in a video of itself swimming in the deep sea for the first time since it was identified a century ago.

The video was recorded on March 9th The Schmidt Ocean Institute said in a news release by an international team of scientists and crew on an expedition near the Southern Sandwich Islands in the South Atlantic.

Scientifically named Mesonychoteuthis Hamiltoni, the squid was a long-time boy nearly a foot long, the release said. It was 1,968 feet deep when scientists and crew members of the Institute’s Forcole research vessel filmed the video on a remotely operated vehicle called Subastein.

The remotely operated vehicle Subastaian will be retrieved on the research vessel Forcol.
Alex Ingle/Schmidt Ocean Institute

“It’s exciting to see first in situ”We’ve been working hard to get the better of our customers,” said Kat Bolstad of Auckland Institute of Technology.

Bolstad was one of the scientific experts who helped verify the video.

“For 100 years, we mostly encountered them as harvested teeth predators, as prey remains mainly in the stomachs of whales and seabirds,” she said.

The squid was officially identified and named in 1925, but up until now, no one could have seen it lively on camera.

The squid is estimated to grow up to 23 feet long and weigh as much as 1,100 pounds, the institute said. Little is known about the life cycle, but as adults, they lose their transparent body.

A giant squid should not be confused with a giant squid. Natural History Museums in London. Both are giant cephalopods but belong to various families of squid. Giant squids have much longer tentacles, while giant squids have much larger bodies with shorter tentacles.

Bolstad and Aaron Evans, independent experts in the glass squid who helped validate the video, said the giant squid has distinctive properties, including a hook in the middle of its eight arms.

So far, ROV Subastein from the Institute has filmed the first confirmed video of at least four squid species in the wild, including last year’s Promachoteuthis and Ram’s Horn Squid in 2020.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Pterosaurs from the Jurassic period had wingspans of at least 10 feet

A team of paleontologists Ctenochasmatoid pterosaur Discovered in the Kimmeridg Clay of Oxfordshire in central England, this specimen is one of the largest Jurassic pterosaur fossils, with an estimated wingspan of at least 3 metres (10 ft), and is the first pterodactyl pterosaur described from the Jurassic of Britain.

Partial wingspan profiles of large Jurassic pterosaurs: pterodactyloides (left), including the new fossil (EC K2576), and rhamphorhynchids (right). Image courtesy of Etienne others., doi: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2024.05.002.

Pterosaurs were flying reptiles of the Mesozoic era characterized by a flight membrane stretched between their forelimbs and hindlimbs and an extremely elongated fourth digit consisting of four elongated phalanges.

The largest Cretaceous form was Aramburgiana, Hatzegopteryx and QuetzalcoatlusThe combined wingspan reached a length of over 10 metres (33 ft).

However, Triassic and Jurassic forms were considerably smaller, with a typical wingspan of 0.5 to 2 metres (1.6 to 6.5 ft).

There is evidence that some Jurassic species also achieved large wingspans, but these rarely exceeded 3 metres (10 ft).

The new pterosaur fossil was discovered in the Kimmeridge Clay near Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England.

This specimen is a wing bone, broken into three pieces but still well preserved.

The team said the dinosaur belonged to adult Ctenophora, a group of pterosaurs known for their elongated wings, long jaws and thin, bristle-like teeth.

“When the bones were discovered their size was certainly remarkable,” said Professor David Martill, from the University of Portsmouth.

“We performed numerical analysis and came up with a maximum wingspan of 3.75 meters (12.3 feet).”

“This is small for a Cretaceous pterosaur, but absolutely gigantic for a Jurassic one.”

“This fossil is particularly special as it is also one of the first records of this type of Jurassic pterosaur in the UK.”

“This specimen is currently the largest known Jurassic pterosaur in the world, surpassed only by a Swiss specimen, with an estimated wingspan of 5 metres (16.4 feet).”

“AbFab, as the Abingdon pterosaur is nicknamed, shows that pterodactyloides, the advanced pterosaurs that completely dominated the Cretaceous period, achieved astonishingly large sizes shortly after they first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, just as the ancestors of bird-like dinosaurs were beginning to take to the air,” said Dr Dave Unwin from the University of Leicester.

a paper The paper on the survey results is Proceedings of the Association of Geologists.

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James L. Etienne others“Giant” pterodactyloid pterosaur that lived in the Jurassic of Britain. Proceedings of the Association of GeologistsPublished online May 24, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2024.05.002

Source: www.sci.news