IEA warns that record growth in renewable energy in 2023 will still fall short

China played a big role in the growth of solar and wind power in 2023

Yuan Yuan Xie / Alamy Stock Photo

According to one study, 2023 will see a record expansion of renewable energy, with nearly 50% more solar, wind, and other clean energy sources built than in 2022. report From the International Energy Agency (IEA). But this unprecedented pace lags behind the pace needed to reach net-zero emissions and limit dangerous climate warming by mid-century.

“When you look at the numbers, it definitely has a ‘wow’ effect.” Fatih Birolsaid the IEA Director-General at a press conference today. “Renewable energy expansion exceeds 500 gigawatts in 2023.”

Under existing policies, the IEA predicts that renewable energy will overtake coal to account for the largest share of global electricity in 2025. The IEA predicts that by the end of 2025, renewable energy capacity will increase by 2.5 times. “It's very good news,” Birol said.

This is a significantly higher increase than projections made ahead of the COP28 climate change summit to be held in Dubai in December 2023. report A paper published last November by British energy think tank Ember found that the world is on track to double production capacity by the end of 2010.

but, dave jones At Ember said this difference is mainly due to the latest data on China's unusual development of solar and wind power, rather than policy changes or new project announcements in the past few months. The IEA report says China will have access to more solar energy in 2023 than the entire world saw in 2022.

“China is the most important driver of this impressive growth that we will see in 2023,” Birol said. He also pointed to record renewable energy capacity increases in the US, Europe, Brazil and India as a key driver of the surge.

Nevertheless, the IEA forecasts that the world still lags behind the goal of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, one of the key outcomes agreed at COP28. .

“We're not there yet, but we're not miles away from that goal,” Birol said, adding that officials are concerned about what the COP28 goals on clean energy and methane will do in the “real world.” It added that it plans to closely monitor the situation.

Closing the renewable energy gap will require different interventions in different regions of the world, the report says. In high-income countries, this will include improving electricity grids and speeding up the granting of permits for large backlogs of energy projects. Low-income countries need improved access to finance for clean energy projects.

“We are talking about transitioning away from fossil fuels, but there are still many economies in Africa that are in debt,” he says. Amos Wemanya Speaking at PowerShift Africa, a Kenyan energy think tank, he added that some of the continent's clean energy investments are going to rich countries.

Mr Jones said if the twin COP28 targets of tripling renewable energy and doubling energy efficiency were met by the end of 2010, global carbon dioxide emissions would be cut by more than a third and fossil fuels would be cut by more than a third. It says it could start to be replaced by fuel. “2024 will be the year renewable energy goes from being a nuisance to an existential threat to the fossil fuel industry,” he says.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The Rapid Growth of Jellyfish Tentacles: A Few Days’ Transformation

New research reveals how cladoceran jellyfish can regenerate tentacles in just a few days, highlighting the role of unique stem-like proliferating cells in this rapid regeneration process. This breakthrough provides insight into similar regeneration processes in other species. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Japanese scientists have discovered that the cladoceran jellyfish uses stem-like proliferating cells to regenerate its tentacles, providing new insights into the process of blastogenesis and its evolutionary similarities in other organisms. . seed Like a salamander.

A type of jellyfish about the size of a little fingernail cladonema Amputated tentacles can regrow in a few days, but how do they regrow? Functional tissue regeneration across species such as salamanders and insects repairs damage and grows into missing appendages It relies on its ability to form blastocytes, which are masses of undifferentiated cells. Jellyfish, like other cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones, exhibit high regenerative abilities, but how their vital blastema cells are formed has remained a mystery until now.

Japanese research team reveals that stem-like proliferating cells (actively growing and dividing but not yet differentiated into specific cell types) appear at injury sites and help form blastomas. I made it.

The results of this study were published in the journal Science on December 21st. PLOS Biology.

The jellyfish Cladonema pacificum exhibits branched tentacles that can strongly regenerate after amputation.Credit: Sou Fujita, University of Tokyo

“Importantly, these stem-like proliferating cells in the blastema are different from the resident stem cells localized in the tentacles,” said corresponding author Yuichiro Nakajima, a lecturer at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. “Repair-specific proliferating cells primarily contribute to the newly formed tentacle epithelium (thin outer layer).”

According to Nakajima, the resident stem cells present in and near the tentacles are responsible for generating all cell lineages during homeostasis and regeneration, and maintain all the cells needed throughout the jellyfish’s life. means to repair. Repair-specific proliferating cells appear only upon injury.

“The combination of resident stem cells and repair-specific proliferating cells enables the rapid regeneration of functional tentacles within a few days,” Professor Nakajima said, adding that jellyfish use their tentacles to hunt and feed. he pointed out.

Resident stem cells (green) and repair-specific proliferating cells (red) contribute to the regeneration of Cladonema tentacles.Credit: Sou Fujita, University of Tokyo

According to lead author Sosuke Fujita, a postdoctoral researcher in the same laboratory as Nakajima at the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the discovery will help researchers understand how blastoma formation differs between different animal groups. It shows that you understand.

“In this study, our aim was to use the tentacles of the cnidarian jellyfish to address the mechanisms of blastogenesis. cladonema “As a regeneration model for non-bilateral animals, or animals that do not form bilaterally symmetrically during embryonic development,” Professor Fujita said, explaining that this study could provide insights from an evolutionary perspective.

For example, salamanders are bilaterally symmetrical animals that can regenerate limbs. Their limbs contain stem cells that are restricted to the needs of specific cell types, and this process is thought to function similarly to the repair-specific proliferating cells observed in jellyfish.

“Given that repair-specific proliferating cells are similar to restricted stem cells in the limbs of bilateral salamanders, the formation of blastema by repair-specific proliferating cells has been linked to complex organs and appendages during animal evolution. We can infer that this is a common feature that was acquired independently for organ regeneration,” said Fujita. Said.

After 72 hours of amputation, Cladonema’s regenerating tentacles are fully functional.Credit: Sou Fujita, University of Tokyo

However, the cellular origin of the repair-specific proliferating cells observed in blastema cells remains unclear, and researchers believe that the tools currently available to investigate their origin are too limited. They say they are unable to elucidate or identify other distinct stem-like cells. cell.

“It is essential to introduce genetic tools that allow tracing and intracellular manipulation of specific cell lineages. cladonema‘ said Nakajima. “Ultimately, understanding the mechanisms of blastoma formation in regenerating animals, including jellyfish, may help us identify cellular and molecular components that improve our own regenerative abilities.”

Reference: “Distinct stem-like cell populations promote functional regeneration of Cladonema medusa tentacles” by Sosuke Fujita, Mako Takahashi, Manabu Kumano, Erina Kuranaga, Masayuki Miura, and Yuichiro Nakajima, December 21, 2023. PLOS Biology.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002435

This research was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Japan Science and Technology Agency, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, and a grant from the National Institute for Basic Biology Joint Research Project.

Source: scitechdaily.com