Martian Permafrost May Contain Viable Liquid Water Channels

Solar Panel and Robotic Arm of NASA’s Phoenix Lander with Sample in Scoop

NASA/JPL-California Institute of Technology/University of Arizona/Texas A&M University

Mars might harbor a system of liquid water flowing beneath its icy surface. Similar to permafrost on Earth, which is theorized to have thin veins of liquid minerals, new models suggest these veins on Mars could be substantial enough to sustain life.

“For Mars, we’re constantly flirting with the edge of habitability. Initially, I theorized this study would reveal that adequate water wouldn’t exist, thus making microbial life impossible,” states Hannah Sizemore from the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona. “I was mistaken.”

Sizemore and her team analyzed Mars’ soil composition to estimate the amount of icy soil that might actually comprise liquid water and the dimensions of the channels through which it flows. Temperatures on Mars can plummet to -150°C (-240°F), challenging the existence of liquid water. While pure water freezes at 0°C, the presence of salts—widespread on Mars—can significantly lower the freezing point.

The research indicated that it is “surprisingly feasible” to find soil containing over 5 percent liquid water in channels exceeding 5 microns in diameter. This threshold was deemed necessary for a vein to be classified as habitable. “The largest veins we’re referencing are 10 times narrower than a fine human hair,” Sizemore elaborates. “Nonetheless, it’s a sufficiently expansive environment to host microorganisms, allowing for the transfer of nutrients and waste within the ecosystem.”

Based on soil data collected by NASA’s Phoenix spacecraft, which landed on Mars in 2008, these networks of waterways may be prevalent at latitudes above 50 degrees. Sizemore indicated that if life exists on Mars, liquid veins would be prime locations for investigation, proposing that “this is a site where one could land and excavate around 30 centimeters to collect samples.”

The primary concern regarding these veins as potential habitats is their temperature, which can be significantly below what most known life forms can endure. “However, we must exercise caution in applying the limits observed for terrestrial organisms to other life forms, as they do not necessarily define the survival limits for all life that could exist elsewhere,” states Bruce Jakosky from the University of Colorado Boulder. “Ultimately, this study and related research suggest that the existence of life near the Martian surface is not out of the question.”

Topics:

  • Mars/
  • Extraterrestrial Life

Source: www.newscientist.com

Local Bank Adapts Approach to Serve Latino Immigrants Through Communal Channels

ID requirements, high fees and language gaps have long prevented some Latino immigrants from opening bank accounts in the United States. Comun I want to change that.

The New York-based neobank is a modern bank that offers banking services customized to the needs of immigrants. While many traditional banks require customers to provide a U.S. social security card or proof of address (such as a mortgage or utility bill), Comun allows customers to provide 100 different forms of identification in Latin America, including foreign passports. The certificate can be used to apply for an account.

Andres Santos and Aviel Gutierrez founded Comun in early 2022 to provide digital banking services such as instant payments, check deposits, and early payroll. They also wanted to give their customers 24/7 access to native Spanish speakers.

“Our mission is to bring local banking back to American immigrants,” Santos told TechCrunch. “We think this is a model that has continued to become obsolete at an alarming rate over the past 30 years. Basically, ‘too big to fail’ has taken away the lion’s share of the market share, shifting from 20,000 banks to I’ve seen it grow to less than 5,000 rows.”

Aviel Gutierrez and Andres Santos, Co-founders of Comun

Aviel Gutierrez and Andres Santos, co-founders of Comun. Image credits: Comun

Santos also explained that some banks were considering immigration during this time. But that group usually gets left behind because it doesn’t fit the model of potential customers you’re chasing.

“We want to reimagine local banking in the digital space, and that means communities and their unique needs to offer better products,” Komun added.

Banks make money from interest on deposits and from convenience fees to facilitate instant transactions similar to peer-to-peer transactions. It also began direct banking integration last month, which Santos said is growing rapidly and “already driving about 25% of our revenue and volume.” Comun also plans to collect fees on transactions once it launches a pilot remittance program that allows migrants to send money from the U.S. to Latin America.

The Commune is not the only one targeting immigrants. We partner with companies like Tanda, Bloom Money, Majority, Welcome Tech, and Pillar to help solve banking accessibility issues.

We are also participating in attracting venture capital for our approach. Today, Comun announced an additional $4.5 million in funding, bringing its total raised to $9 million. The latest investment was led by Costanoa Ventures, with participation from a group of existing investors including Animo Ventures, South Park Commons, and FJ Labs.

In addition to offering a variety of identification methods to open an account, the company differentiates itself from competitors through its partnership with Community Federal Savings Bank. Santos said having direct relationships with banks allows Comun to quickly add new services in a compliant manner.

Comun has also developed a large network of partners that support cash deposits and withdrawals at over 90,000 physical locations.

The concept stuck. The bank not only achieved a Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 86, more than four times the industry average in terms of customer satisfaction, but also achieved a 60% month-over-month revenue increase. Through the platform he has processed over $75 million.

Mr. Santos and Mr. Gutierrez plan to use the new funding to hire additional employees, expand Comun’s banking services, launch new products including insurance, and eventually launch credit and underwriting operations. .

Source: techcrunch.com