This Innovative Breakthrough Could Signal the End of Palm Oil

Researchers have crafted an environmentally friendly substitute for palm oil, potentially available by the end of 2025.

Palm oil, alongside other tropical oils like shea, coconut oil, cocoa butter, and soybeans, presents significant environmental challenges.

These oils encroach upon rainforests, contributing to deforestation, biodiversity decline, greenhouse gas emissions, as well as air and water pollution in regions such as Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa.

However, palm oil is prevalent in our foods and cosmetics. It is estimated that nearly half of all packaged goods in supermarkets contain palm oil, disguised under various ingredient names including glycerin and stearic acid.

This dilemma prompted a team of scientists at Bath University, led by chemical engineer Professor Chris Chuck, to seek alternatives for over a decade. Their research has led to a promising solution: a yeast called Metschnikowia pulcherrima.

“It thrives on grapes,” Chuck mentioned in BBC Science Focus. “It’s already applied in the organic wine sector. When you enjoy the blackcurrant notes in red wines from South Africa, that’s thanks to Metschnikowia.”

This yeast naturally comprises about 20% fat; however, Chuck’s team employed a method termed “directional evolution,” which promotes a rise in fat proportions, akin to selective breeding, by utilizing environmental pressures.

“Currently, about half of it is pure fat,” Chuck explained. “We didn’t just increase the yeast’s mass; it’s impressively fatty. Plus, we managed to accelerate its growth.”

The cultivation of this oil requires minimal space and uncomplicated equipment—just a large vat. The yeast feeds on food waste, such as discarded bread and potato byproducts, which are converted into sugar.

Once the yeast becomes densely populated, the cells burst and release oil, which is processed similarly to traditional cooking oils.

After this process, half of the non-oil yeast can be repurposed into other food ingredients, such as natural emulsifiers and beta-glucans, a heart-healthy fiber also found in oats.

By adjusting temperature, acidity, and sugar, yeast can produce a range of fats. The oil on the right is engineered to resemble more saturated, semi-solid palm oil, while the oil on the left is a less saturated liquid – Credit: Clean Food Group

Adjusting the yeast’s growing environment allows scientists to modify its flavor, texture, and nutritional properties, balancing saturation levels to mimic various fats.

“If executed correctly, we can prevent the destruction of tropical forests,” Chuck stated. “Currently, we’re using land equivalent to Argentina to cultivate cooking oil, making it one of the largest agricultural footprints globally.”

Demand for palm oil continues to rise. The current palm oil market is valued at $50.6 billion and is projected to increase to $65.5 billion (£48.3 billion) by 2027.

“We need forests to act as the planet’s lungs,” Chuck explained. “We cannot afford to clear everything.”

Moreover, substituting some tropical oils with yeast-based alternatives can lead to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

“These tropical crops emit more CO2 than oil they produce,” Chuck added, noting that yeast-derived oils emit 95% less carbon dioxide and can be cultivated in nearly any location.

“These cutting-edge fermentation techniques enable us to establish local production,” he elucidated. “We’ve implemented this model on the outskirts of Birmingham, utilizing waste from our nearby factory to create oil and reintegrate it into our local ecosystem.”

This yeast-based oil is on the horizon; Chuck indicated it could debut in cosmetics by late 2025 or early 2026, with food applications to follow shortly thereafter.

read more:

About our experts

Professor Chris Chuck is a chemical engineer at the University of Bath, UK, and co-founder of the food technology startup Clean Food Group. He also contributes to the Reaction and Catalytic Engineering Research Unit (Racial), Center for Sustainable Chemical Technology (CSCT), Center for Water Innovation Research (WIRC), Center for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technology (CBIO), and the Institute for Sustainability and Climate Change.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Trekking from Cactus to Cloud Route in Palm Springs, California.

A steep trail near the top Aerial Trams in Palm Springs It was covered with a sponge-like fallen needle and wist-strung pine cone on its ankle. It was also shady, and although it was tough, it felt amazing after the first 7 miles Cloud hiking from cactus Not much was offered bird The value of the remedy of the Leaf.

I was already hiking 7,549 feet vertical feet, and had about 3,000 to get to the top of Mount San Jacinto, a granite rock mountain that towers just west of Palm Springs, California.

For this, I chose the third time from the cactus to the cloud hike, and I chose the day in mid-November, but the conditions were perfect. The 22-mile hike has risen from the desert floor to a 10,834-foot peak, then six miles and 2,400-foot vertical feet, reaching a $14 ride.

I started trekking at an altitude of 482 feet near the Palm Springs Museum Immediately after sunrise At 6:41am, carrying enough water to continue to the first water source, the 8,400-foot ranger station, I packed some jackets to deal with the swing of wild temperatures from bottom to top.

People have many reasons to try cacti on clouds. This is one of the most biodiversity hikes in the country. It is a rare wilderness experience on the edge of an urban area. But more than anything, there is the pure boldness of the hiking. In my previous ascension, each of them was motivated by the idea that, following the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, divorce and completion of treatment for stage 3 breast cancer, I was not sorry for myself by committing myself to this challenge. And what if I made it? Well, that was proof that I could handle anything.

This time my MS was in remission, my marriage was fulfilling, and I had been cancer-free for almost nine years. More than 15 years after the first cactus to the clouds, it was finally about the landscape, not me. I had hidden pocket guides to plants in the San Jacinto Mountains and had planned to take some time to stop the cedars and smell them.

The cloud route from full cactus is only very suitable, but you can also hike that section. Walk one mile from the trailhead to the picnic area and look back. Or take the tram and take the Top Station, then climb the summit on Mount San Jacinto. You can also trek to the top of the tram and then take it on and save the next day’s summit, as you did this time due to sudden leg pain. Each offers you the chance to find eternal views of the Coachella Valley, as well as the Cactus Lens, the Cooper Hawks and the Golden Eagles.

Mount San Jacinto is not particularly noticeable, but the difference in altitude from the base to the summit is the case. The mountain rises approximately 10,400 feet over approximately six horizontal miles. This sudden trend explains the unusual species of life of plants passing through four life zones, apart from the roughly climbing equivalent of Mount Everest.

The trail begins between desert species such as barrel cactus and creosote, and then Chaparal, Scrub oak and Manzanita. After that, the pine forests mix together. At the summit, the trees are shorter, collected and included by altitude and elements. Pines on the arms and legsthrives in places that are hardly anywhere else.

“The environment and lifestyle look very different from the top of Mount San Jacinto in the desert of Colorado Sonoran,” he said. Conservation Biology Center A few days before hiking at the University of California, Riverside. But the most interesting is the zones between the zones, she said. “That’s where it is the most biodiversity is.”

Davis was right. Between 7,000 and 8,000 feet, the green smelled a variety of things, resulting in an incredible array of shapes, textures, hues and sizes. It was like hiking a bowl of mixed salad greens: cedar, manzanita, oak, agave Jeffrey Pines Add a butterscotch hint into the air.

Conditions that make cactus prominent towards the clouds dangerous. The trail hiker died of dehydration and exposure. “We take one deadly a year,” said volunteer Eric Holden. Riverside Mountain Rescueone of four search and rescue teams to deal with hikers suffering on the route.

To protect both hikers and rescuers, Mount San Jacinto State Park In summer, parts of the route were closed under authority (three digit temperatures at the bottom) and winter (snow and frozen conditions at the top). In 2024, the trail closed in early July and reopened on November 4th.

There is little shade for the first 7,000 feet and no ten miles of water. “One of the biggest killers is a hiker who has come to realize he has no physical fitness and is beginning to turn around,” Holden said. “It might be cool when it started at 3am, but now I’m not feeling well and I’m hiking to temperatures that could go above 100 degrees.”

In winter, snow can make it difficult to track. In particular, at 1,000 feet, 1,000 feet below the top of the tram, hikers are stuck on a cliff. I stayed on the path of this section by following my previous GPS tracks from cactus to cloud hiking.

Backpacker magazine Call the cactus to cloud the hike on the fifth most difficult day in America. Most hikers take 12-16 hours. I tried to entertain myself from the relentless climb by identifying exactly which species of Manzanita was scratching my feet, but it did so much to deflect me. I sat down, sitting on a flat rock 6,000 feet above the trailhead, next to either a pink business or a green leaf manzanita.

At least I was hiking uphill. Most veteran hikers understand that while ascending is a tough job, going downhill is a real punishment. In fact, there are clouds from cactus to clouds. Because much of the descent occurs on the streetcars.

“We were dedicated to hikers and were always looking for challenges,” said Sue Birnbaum, one of the six members of the group. Coachella Valley Hiking Club He was the first person to complete the annual Cactus to Clouds Challenge in 1993.

The challenge linked three existing trails, which are “extraordinary super day hikes.” The Museum, Skyline and Mount San Jacin To Peak Trail go beyond a mixture of local, state and federal land and property owned by the Agua Caliente India reservations, which have been operating since 1963.

One paradox of cactus to clouds: better if there are no clouds. They obscure the scenery and sometimes the trail itself. This rise held a different kind of paradox for me too. It was the first time I’d hiked separately on the summit trail, but as I listened to my body and spared my legs, I felt a surge in pride.

Against the Pacific panorama, sparkling Salton Sea, and the peaks of the terrible sacred Takitz, spectacular cauliflower-shaped clouds floated thousands of feet below. At about 90 minutes of sunset, they caught and reflected the shades you can usually see in a mango ice cream scoop.

Despite the warm orange radiating across the sky, the summit was frozen and gusts of wind had collapsed. I was tied up in three jackets containing a hooded, swollen coat and would have happily accepted another. So I wanted as much as I wanted to last longer, and I wanted even more to avoid frostbite.

I headed back from the rocks back onto the trail and turned myself towards the tram and across the cluster of things I had identified. Bush Chin Capin. My pocket guide said the fruit tastes like chestnuts. The next time you do the cactus on the clouds, always stop and try it.

The trail is located just north of the Palm Springs Museum, approximately 6.5 miles from the foot of the tram car. After the hike, you can use ride services such as Uber or Lyft to return to the trailhead parking lot.

Source: www.nytimes.com

48 million years ago, Palm fossils in subwestern Canada suggest a winter without ice

Tribal palm trees Trachycarpeae Fossilization analysis shows that it once flourished in Axiang Canada Phytris – Microscopic siliceous structures produced in specific tissues in many plant families – from the territory of the northwestern Canada.

Palm plant stones from the Eocene Giraffe Region (AQ) and modern plant stones extracted from Coryphoid Palm leaves Trachycarpus Fortunei. Image credit: Siver et al. , doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaf021.

“The palm is a monocot flowering plant of the Arecaceae family distributed primarily to tropical and subtropical regions around the world,” the University of Connecticut said. Professor Peter Siver And his colleague.

“It's a large family, with a particularly high variety of species, especially in Central and South America and Southeast Asia.”

“In general, the palms thrive in warm, wet conditions, so the majority of the species are found in rainforests.”

“There are significantly fewer species found in both Southern Europe and the southern regions of the United States, and families are completely lacking in more north latitudes.”

“In the southeastern US subtropical area, the palm is largely restricted to state coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico, and some inland along the Atlantic coast that stretches north along Florida. It's growing to Tennessee.”

“The majority of the palms are found in climates marked with both high average annual temperatures and high average annual rainfall, but several species can be found under cool, dry conditions.”

Professor Siver and co-authors discovered fossilized plant matter from a tree in Trachycarpeae in ancient lakebed sediments extracted from the area of the Giraffin Balite Pipe in Canada's northwest territory.

Four aquatic organisms, largely restricted to today's warm subtropical and tropical regions, were also found in the same sediments.

These 48 million years ago (early Eocene) fossils exhibit much warmer climates than previously thought, challenging the challenge of ice that first formed in the Northern Hemisphere.

“This discovery of palm fossils in the north provides clear evidence that the Arctic Circle was once iceless and has a climate similar to today's subtropical climate,” Professor Shiver said.

“These findings provide a window into past greenhouse conditions and help refine models to predict future climate change.”

In addition to confirming records of the northernmost palms during this period, the authors established that this evolutionary characteristic appeared in the early Eocene: linear arrays of plant matter in palm leaves., Fossilized Stegmata – Fossilized Stegmata were also recorded.

The presence of multiple warm, adaptive aquatic species further strengthens the support of this prehistoric Arctic region's lush, temperate ecosystem.

“Our research contributes to a broader understanding of the extent and timing of ice formation in the Earth's climate history, particularly during the Cenozoic era,” the researchers said.

“Restructuring these past environments will give scientists valuable insight into how ecosystems respond to long-term climate change.”

Survey results It will be displayed in the journal The Anniversary of Botany.

____

Peter A. Shiver et al. Palmphytris in sub-Western Canada means ice-free winter in the late Eocene period 48 million years ago. The Anniversary of BotanyPublished online on February 10th, 2025. doi:10.1093/aob/mcaf021

Source: www.sci.news

Powerful winter storm causes historic California palm tree to fall into ocean


Refugio State Beach, Calif. — Severe storms that hit California have caused damage in some parts of the state. the most iconic tree.

A majestic palm tree that normally flanks Refugio State Beach just north of Santa Barbara has fallen over the past few days. Images show how a huge 100-year-old tree fell into the sea and was completely uprooted.

Local officials say multiple factors caused the trees to fall. Years of coastal erosion were combined with powerful storm surges and supersaturated soil from a series of atmospheric rivers that brought heavy rain and high winds across the state.

“When the ground becomes saturated, the trees begin to fall, and both eucalyptus and palm trees fall over because the ground becomes too wet for their roots to hold in the ground.” Santa Barbara Craig Vanderswag, chief of the County Fire Battalion, told NBC News.

California State Parks Channel Coast District Superintendent Dena Bellman said officials have tagged several more trees on the coast as at high risk of falling, especially with the new heavy rains hitting California. Ta.

Due to this threat, the park is currently temporarily closed to the public.

The dramatic footage is a symbol of the power of these atmospheric rivers, which climate experts say is growing stronger as the planet's temperature rises.

Los Angeles received 75% of its annual average precipitation in the first three weeks of February alone. The city has received more rainfall than Seattle, New Orleans and Miami, and is about 2 inches away from setting a record for the wettest February.

Source: www.nbcnews.com