Breakthrough mRNA Vaccine Shows Promise in Protecting Against Multiple Ebola Viruses

Posted on May 22, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Health officials combating the Bundibugyo virus in the DRC on May 21

Michelle Runanga/Getty Images

Health officials combating the Bundibugyo virus in the DRC on May 21

Michelle Runanga/Getty Images

A groundbreaking mRNA vaccine has been developed that promises long-term protection against lethal viruses in the Ebola family, including the Bundibugyo strain currently present in two African nations.

Over 600 individuals are suspected to be infected with the Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with two confirmed cases in Uganda. The World Health Organization has classified this outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern.

Bundibugyo virus is part of the ortho-Ebolavirus family, which includes the notorious Zaire and Sudan viruses, all known for causing severe health issues in humans.

While Bundibugyo outbreaks are less common than those of the Zaire strain, which infected over 28,000 people from 2014 to 2016, vaccines for Bundibugyo and Sudanese viruses have yet to be developed, despite the Zaire vaccine being approved.

Recently, Yao Yanfeng and his team at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China reported the successful development of a vaccine that provides protection against all three viruses in animal models.

“The creation of a broad-spectrum vaccine could significantly mitigate outbreaks from multiple ortho-Ebola viruses,” they stated in their recent publication.

The challenge lies in the fact that each Ebola virus has distinct glycoproteins important for infection; however, they all share a common nucleoprotein that encapsulates the virus’s genetic material.

To formulate the new vaccine, Yao and his colleagues combined mRNA coding for each virus’s glycoprotein along with the shared nucleoprotein into a single lipid nanoparticle. These lipid nanoparticles protect the mRNA vaccines until they reach the targeted cells in the body.

After inoculating the mice with the vaccine, the researchers monitored their immune responses and subsequently exposed them to all three viruses. All immunized mice were fully protected against the Zaire and Sudan viruses and showed robust protection against Bundibugyo. Even hamsters infected with the Sudan virus were completely shielded by the vaccine.

The findings indicate the development of a broad-spectrum mRNA vaccine that effectively protects against the Zaire, Sudan, and Bundibugyo viruses. However, researchers emphasize that further trials are essential to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans.

Robert Cross, a professor at the University of Texas Medical Branch, expressed enthusiasm for the innovative direction of medicine, stating, “Ebola vaccines are under research.”

He cautioned that trials in non-human primates are the gold standard for predicting human efficacy, and gaining regulatory approval for vaccines targeting multiple pathogens is a challenging endeavor.

“Securing approval for a vaccine targeting a single virus is notoriously difficult, and the pathway for a multivalent vaccine is even more complex,” Cross noted.

Adrian Esterman, from the University of Adelaide, remarked that while this preclinical study is promising, its applicability is limited to rodents.

“It’s too early to set a firm timeline for clinical application. Progressing from this stage to human trials typically requires several years, as additional animal studies, including trials with primates, are necessary. Manufacturing processes and safety testing also need to be established,” he commented.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

How AI Has Transformed Mathematics: The Biggest Breakthrough in Math History

Posted on May 21, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The Plane Unit Distance Problem explores the maximum number of equally sized lines connecting points on an infinite paper.

Noga Alon et al. 2026, OpenAI

An 80-year-old mathematical conjecture, known as the plane unit distance problem, has been solved by OpenAI’s advanced artificial intelligence model. This breakthrough is igniting discussion around the immense mathematical capabilities of AI.

“This is a problem I never expected to see solved in my lifetime,” states Mischa Rudnev from the University of Bristol, UK. “It’s a groundbreaking achievement.”

Tim Gowers commented that the solution represents a “significant milestone in AI mathematics.” He noted in a paper that had it been submitted by a human, it would be accepted without hesitation, highlighting that such groundbreaking evidence of AI-generated solutions is rare.

The plane unit distance problem was deemed by the 20th-century mathematician Paul Erdős as his “most important contribution” to geometry. The challenge lies in determining the maximum number of lines of equal length that can connect numerous dots placed on an infinite paper.

Erdős believed that the optimal arrangement for maximum connections would be a grid layout, suggesting that the number of lines would surpass the number of points only marginally. Persistent efforts to prove his assertion or to discover alternative patterns yielded minimal advances, with the most recent improvements occurring over 40 years ago.

OpenAI’s model revealed that Erdős’s hypothesis was significantly underestimated, demonstrating that a more irregular arrangement of points can yield far more connections.

“Initially, I could hardly believe the results,” remarks Will Sawin from Princeton University. “It convinced me that this achievement is the most remarkable in the realm of AI mathematics so far.”

Details on how the OpenAI model diverges from publicly available AI technology and its training methods remain undisclosed. However, researchers have mentioned that the model is “general purpose” and was not specifically trained for mathematical applications.

AI employed strategies from algebraic number theory to establish extensive lattices in dimensions far exceeding two-dimensional configurations. By creating these more sophisticated shapes, AI translates them into two dimensions to generate representations of the higher dimensions.

“The counterexamples produced by AI are intricate, and while the foundational ideas exist in existing literature, the synthesis to achieve them required ingenuity,” explains Kevin Buzzard from Imperial College London.

While the magnitude of this result is undeniable, it underscores a gap in mathematicians’ consideration of Erdős’s original predictions. Samuel Mansfield from the University of Manchester, England, notes that the complexity of executing an experiment to challenge the conjecture would have eluded many geometry experts lacking advanced number theory knowledge. “This highlights a necessity for interdisciplinary expertise,” he adds. “In hindsight, AI’s adaptability in this area may not be surprising.”

Rudnev emphasized that the problem’s allure lies in its “pure intellectual challenge,” and although it may not directly influence other unresolved questions, it has inspired further research. Sawin, after examining the proof, utilized the techniques unearthed by AI to advance the number of connectable points.

“Similar to many other AI milestones, it didn’t take long for human researchers to internalize, comprehend, and extend upon the AI-derived arguments,” commented Buzzard. “This contrasts sharply with human discoveries that often require extensive validation periods.

Topics:

Artificial Intelligence/
Mathematics

Source: www.newscientist.com

Man Arrested for Rape and Murder of 40-Year-Old: Breakthrough from Forensic Genealogy Investigation

Posted on May 21, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A man was arrested in Connecticut this week following new evidence provided by Virginia authorities, linking him to the 1986 murder and rape of a woman in Virginia Beach.

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Roberta Walls, aged 22, was tragically raped and murdered in Virginia Beach on May 15, 1986, as confirmed by local police. Initial investigations indicated that she was sexually assaulted and stabbed multiple times.

For years, police have diligently pursued clues to apprehend Walls’ killer but faced numerous dead ends.

This changed on Wednesday when authorities announced the arrest of Charles Randell Berry in connection with this cold case.

The break in the case emerged from forensic genealogy research enabled by a grant from the Virginia Sexual Assault Kit Initiative. The investigation utilized a DNA profile established in 2001 by the Virginia Department of Forensic Sciences.

Detectives obtained Berry’s DNA through a search warrant.

“The cold case team continued to investigate Berry’s involvement and submitted the case to the U.S. Attorney’s Office for potential charges,” reported Lt. Michelle Wyatt.

Prior to identifying Berry, police eliminated more than 30 suspects through DNA testing.

Virginia Beach Police held a press conference regarding the arrest.
Virginia Beach Police Department

At the time of Walls’ murder, Berry was serving in the Navy and stationed in Virginia Beach, though he had no known connection to her. His military personnel records are not available, as the U.S. Navy stated they do not maintain records prior to 1990.

Berry faces charges of rape and capital murder in Virginia related to the May 1986 incident. He was arrested in Connecticut and is awaiting extradition.

Berry’s attorney, Robert Racobel, stated he has not yet received a warrant or affidavit detailing the allegations. He met Berry during a request for an interview by Virginia investigators approximately two years ago but could not disclose further information.

“At this point, we have no knowledge regarding these events,” Racobel remarked.

If Connecticut grants the extradition, Berry will be transported to Virginia to commence trial for murder and rape charges, where he will enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.

According to Virginia Beach Police Chief Paul Neudigate, Berry currently does not appear to be linked to additional crimes.

“This is a concern for the community, and we all want to know how a person capable of such brutality is not linked to multiple incidents. However, there is no evidence suggesting he was involved in other crimes,” Neudigate stated.

Deputy Police Chief Jeffrey Wilkerson remarked that the arrest symbolizes the department’s commitment to honoring Walls’ memory.

“Roberta ‘Bobbie’ Walls was a cherished daughter, sister, and friend to many. We are thankful to the professionals who have tirelessly worked on this case over the years,” Wilkerson added.

Wyatt informed reporters that Walls’ family has requested privacy as they navigate these deeply emotional and traumatic events.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Breakthrough: First-Ever Measurement of Pressure from Individual Particles

Posted on May 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The ultra-sensitive pressure sensor features a 100-nanometer silica sphere held in place by laser light.

Thomas Penny/Yale Wright Institute

A groundbreaking device utilizing tiny beads stabilized by laser technology has made it possible to measure the pressure created by individual particles for the first time. This remarkable innovation holds potential for uncovering elusive particles that may constitute dark matter.

Pressure arises when particles collide with an object, applying force across its surface area. Traditionally, this phenomenon is viewed in averages, but during low-pressure environments, such as near-perfect vacuums, it becomes essential to monitor each particle’s contribution to accurately measure pressure.

Tseng Yuhan from Yale University and colleagues have engineered the first device capable of performing these precise measurements. At its core is a small silica sphere, measuring half the size of certain viruses, suspended in place by a laser beam through electromagnetic interactions. Each time a particle impacts the sphere, the reflected light can be captured and analyzed by researchers.

To evaluate this innovative system, the team placed the device in an ultra-high vacuum and gradually introduced three different gaseous particles. They meticulously measured the device’s movement upon particle collision, calculating pressure from these data points and comparing results to theoretical predictions, achieving impressive consistency. This indicates that the device is functioning as intended.

“Every detail is crucial for accurate measurements,” Tseng states. “We executed each step with precision, leading to beautiful results.”

Yu-Han Tseng, Thomas Penny, and Cecily Lowe work on pressure-sensing devices.

Research conducted by Clark Hardy, and his team at Yale University, suggests this innovative device could redefine ultra-high vacuum standards, a realm where traditional pressure sensors often fail. “Counting individual particle collisions is sufficient to estimate pressure in these extremely high vacuum environments,” he explains.

“Observing individual molecular collisions in real-time is a rarity,” comments Joseph Kelly from King’s College London. “Typically, their effects are only perceived in averages, similar to how fast-moving objects appear blurred in long-exposure photography.”

Animesh Dutta, a researcher at the University of Warwick, indicates that similar instrument designs could significantly advance astronomical studies, particularly in understanding the dynamics of low-pressure interstellar spaces by detecting gaseous particles that other sensors might overlook.

The research team is also focused on using this device to detect hypothetical sterile neutrinos, a potential key to resolving a longstanding anomaly in particle physics experiments, elucidating the existence of incredibly small mass particles, and possibly identifying the fundamental composition of dark matter.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Understanding the Cosmic Inflation Problem and Its Breakthrough Solutions

Posted on May 5, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Can Quantum Gravity Theory Explain the Moments After the Big Bang?

Gremlin/Getty Images

Quantum Gravity After the Big Bang — Can Quantum Gravity Theory Explain the Moments After the Big Bang?

Gremlin/Getty Images

Check out our latest insights in the Lost in Space and Time Newsletter. Sign up to uncover intriguing cosmological theories from around the globe!

Cosmic inflation remains a hotly debated topic in modern cosmology. It posits that during a minuscule fraction of the universe’s first second, the universe expanded exponentially—by a factor of about 10³⁰. This rapid expansion resolved several cosmic mysteries; however, some aspects of inflation theory continue to raise eyebrows among researchers in the field.

On the positive side, inflation provides answers to pivotal questions about the universe’s vast structures, addressing concepts like galaxy formation—the so-called “tectonic problem.” Long before inflation, the universe was nearly uniform, only exhibiting slight quantum fluctuations. Inflation magnified these anomalies, allowing gravity to shape matter into galaxies and other astrophysical structures, making the complex cosmos we observe today.

Interestingly, inflation also resolves the “horizon problem,” explaining why regions of the universe separated by vast distances exhibit uniformity. In essence, inflation posits that all areas were once close enough to interact before being propelled outward. These two problems—structural anomalies and uniformity—are intrinsic to inflation, underscoring its significance in explaining the universe’s current state.

Critics, however, highlight that the theory leaves many questions unanswered. Initially, the universe requires very specific conditions to initiate inflation, a dilemma often referred to as the “fine-tuning problem.” The inability to explain these conditions might suggest an arbitrary alignment of parameters, which troubles many theorists.

Furthermore, devising a coherent mechanism for initiating and concluding inflation remains a significant challenge. Models abound, but tensions arise when juxtaposed against other cosmological mysteries.

The intersection of general relativity and quantum mechanics provides fertile ground for research into quantum gravity, aiming to integrate these competing theories in a explanatory framework. Infinitely growing complexities arise when considering how inflation fits within this larger theoretical landscape.

Addressing Inflation in Quantum Gravity

One proposed solution is the “loop quantum gravity” model, suggesting that the universe undergoes cyclic expansions and contractions—a “big bounce” scenario. Alternatively, “infinite inflation” theorizes a region where inflation continues indefinitely, albeit complicating hypotheses with an infinite multiverse where different regions form distinct universes, evading observational access.

As straightforward explanations falter, complex ideas like “hybrid inflation” emerge, which incorporate multiple fields of energy dynamics during inflation—a significant departure from simpler models. String theory adds nuance with “brane inflation,” where our universe lies on a membrane between dimensions, providing intriguing insights into unresolved inflation questions.

Another concept, “quantum secondary gravity,” examines modifications to gravity models at extreme energy densities, positing that quantum corrections might induce inflationary phenomena automatically as the universe expands. This model reconciles aspects of gravity with quantum mechanics, aligning with both established theories.

Exploring Quantum Second-Order Gravity as a Solution to Inflation

betibup33/Shutterstock

The challenge with quantum secondary gravity is the impromptu prediction of “ghost particles,” which remain elusive in experimental findings. However, recent literature has reinterpreted these anomalies, suggesting that during the universe’s inflationary growth, gravity intensified to cause what scientists refer to as “ghost containment.”

This theory, despite remaining speculative, holds promise. Quantum second-order gravity could lead to detectable ripples in spacetime created in the early universe—albeit subtle gravitational waves that future detectors might capture.

The controversy surrounding inflation is likely to persist for years. Precise measurements required to validate this phenomenon are exceptionally demanding, particularly concerning detection of gravitational waves and observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Existing misinterpretations of the CMB—including previously classified findings of gravitational waves—underscore the need for cautious interpretation. The early moments of the universe possess the potential to redefine our understanding of physics, merging two foundational theories into a cohesive understanding of the cosmos.

Topics:

Cosmology/
Quantum Gravity

Source: www.newscientist.com

J. Craig Venter, Pioneering Scientist Behind Human Genome Breakthrough, Passes Away at 79

Posted on April 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

J. Craig Venter, a groundbreaking scientist renowned for his pivotal role in decoding the human genome and a trailblazer in modern genomics, passed away on Wednesday, as announced by his institute.

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He was 79 years old.

The J. Craig Venter Institute shared a statement on Wednesday confirming that he died in San Diego after being hospitalized due to cancer complications.

Venter was a pioneering scientist who significantly influenced the field of genomics. His institute asserted that he championed the idea that scientific advancements should provide “real-world impact.” He also played a crucial role in establishing synthetic biology.

Venter served as a naval officer in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. He later earned his BS in biochemistry and PhD in physiology and pharmacology from the University of California, San Diego.

His influential research primarily focused on genomics. Venter stated that his institute “moved genome science from a slow, gene-by-gene discovery process to scalable, data-driven science, paving the way for demonstrated genome design and construction.”

Venter led efforts to create one of the first draft sequences of the human genome. His team published the first “high-quality” diploid human genome, emphasizing the importance of measuring genetic variations inherited from parents.

The human genome is a comprehensive set of genetic information, stored as DNA within nearly every cell nucleus in the body, as described by the J. Craig Venter Institute.

In the 1990s, Venter and his team at the National Institutes of Health developed expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which facilitated the rapid discovery of new genes.

In 1995, Venter and colleagues utilized “whole-genome shotgun sequencing” to sequence the DNA of Haemophilus influenzae, marking it as the first free-living organism analyzed.

In 1998, Venter co-founded Celera Genomics.

His team at Celera competed against the National Institutes of Health-supported Human Genome Project, which received funding from the US government and UK research partners.

As president of Celera in 2000, Venter and the public consortium announced they had compiled the first draft of the human genome, a landmark achievement in biological science.

Beyond genomics, Venter directed the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition in Metagenomics, revealing remarkable microbial diversity.

Scientists globally paid tribute to Venter, acknowledging his remarkable contributions to the field.

“Craig Venter was a force of nature, a controversial yet profoundly impactful figure,” remarked Sir John Hardy, a neuroscience professor at University College London. He stated in a press release. “The race to finish sequencing the human genome was marked by competition between American and British consortia. This rivalry undeniably accelerated the process, but ultimately, both teams published their findings simultaneously in Science and Nature.”

Dr. Roger Highfield, scientific director at the Science Museum Group, commented that Venter was an “adventurous and tireless pioneer” in genome sequencing and synthetic biology.

“I was in correspondence with him only weeks ago about a new writing project,” Highfield shared. He mentioned a recent diagnosis, but the news came as a shock. While Craig was a polarizing figure, he was undeniably passionate and driven by science.”

Throughout his illustrious career, Venter received numerous accolades, including the 2008 National Medal of Science, the 2002 Gardner Foundation International Award, the 2001 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Awards, and the King Faisal International Science Award.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Breakthrough Cures on the Horizon: Hope for Autoimmune Disease Treatment

Posted on April 28, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Diagram of T Cells Attacking Proliferating Cancer Cells

Location South/Alamy

T-cells attacking cancer cells — Diagram of T Cells Attacking Proliferating Cancer Cells

Location South/Alamy

Our immune system constantly targets cells considered threats. However, when rogue immune cells attack our own body, it leads to autoimmune disorders. Current treatments can suppress these attacks but don’t prevent them. Fortunately, innovative therapies that eliminate rogue cells are proving to be highly effective.

According to Reuben Benjamin from King’s College London, “All major pharmaceutical companies are now investing in this approach.” He notes that there are numerous clinical trials in progress, with potential approvals as early as next year, as these new treatments show improved efficacy over existing options.

The cornerstone of these advances is the use of genetically engineered CAR T cells. These specialized T cells typically destroy cells infected by bacteria or viruses. For this innovative therapy, T cells are extracted from patients, engineered to target specific cells, and reintroduced into their bodies.

Initially developed for cancer treatment, CAR T cells have shown remarkable success in curing individuals when all other therapies have failed. However, they primarily work against blood cancers like leukemia and come with significant side effects, including brain inflammation that can impact language and behavior.

Both cancer and autoimmune diseases result from mutated cells that evade normal growth controls. Autoimmune conditions occur when rogue immune cells mistakenly attack healthy tissues. For instance, type 1 diabetes arises from immune assaults on insulin-producing pancreatic cells, and multiple sclerosis results from attacks on the myelin sheath surrounding nerves. “The list of autoimmune diseases is extensive,” states Benjamin.

After exposure to infection, the body generates new immune cells, which undergo screening to eliminate self-reacting cells. However, in some cases, this process fails, allowing rogue cells to persist indefinitely.

Recent research has confirmed that mutations in critical genes may hamper this screening process, preventing self-destructive mechanisms. Essentially, autoimmune disorders resemble cancer more closely than previously understood.

Despite this similarity, it remains ambiguous whether CAR T cell therapies effective against cancer would also work for autoimmune diseases. A significant challenge lies in differentiating rogue immune cells from normal ones, necessitating the destruction of most antibody-producing cells—not solely the rogue ones.

In cancer patients, CAR T cells can persist for years; however, for autoimmune conditions, they might compromise immunity. Yet, using CAR T cells for autoimmune disorders has shown promising results, with less risk of severe side effects compared to cancer treatments.

“Miraculous” Results

Five years ago, Fabian Muller and his team at Erlangen University Hospital in Germany began treating lupus patients with CAR T cells. Müller noted, “The initial patients were critically ill and would have perished without treatment.” To their astonishment, CAR T cells effectively diminished symptoms, allowing the immune system to recover.

Muller attributes this success to the intact immune systems in autoimmune patients, which recognize CAR T cells as foreign and eliminate them after a few months, unlike patients with weakened immunity from cancer.

Despite potential risks, treatments show promise in managing autoimmune disorders. While many patients with cancer experience severe side effects, lupus patients treated with CAR T cells often do not. “It’s genuinely a miracle,” Muller remarked, anticipating this therapy might extend beyond the most severe cases.

He presents three reasons for these unexpected outcomes: CAR T cells destroy fewer cells in autoimmune patients than in advanced cancer patients; the quality of CAR T cells in autoimmune cases is generally higher; and overactive immune responses in cancer patients may lead to excessive CAR T cell reactions.

Globally, hundreds of patients are currently being treated with CAR T cells for autoimmune diseases. Although definitive trial results are pending, initial reports indicate significant effectiveness against disorders like lupus, myasthenia gravis, and ulcerative colitis. While doctors remain cautious not to label it a “cure,” successful elimination of rogue cells holds the possibility of long-lasting relief.

According to Benjamin, “In the world of cancer, we often wait five years to discuss potential cures. In the realm of autoimmunity, the answer is still unclear.” Yet, if rogue cells emerge again, re-treatment could be an option.

Nonetheless, caution is advised. The damage inflicted by self-targeting immune cells may not be reversible, and not all rogue cells are easily identified or targeted. Furthermore, the cost of CAR T cell therapy poses a significant hurdle for widespread adoption—harvesting, modifying, and reinfusing personal cells can be prohibitively expensive.

On a positive note, researchers are developing so-called off-the-shelf CAR T-cell therapies for broader application. These use donor T cells to treat multiple patients, which could address some logistical challenges posed by current methods. While commercially available CAR T cells have had limited success in cancer treatment, their stability in autoimmune patients could offer advantages.

Additionally, innovations in “in-vivo CAR T cells” create CAR T cells within a patient’s body rather than in a lab, streamlining production and potentially reducing costs. “We’re genuinely excited about this,” Benjamin concludes.

While challenges may emerge down the line, the progress made in using CAR T cells for autoimmune disorders surpasses expectations from just five years ago. This development is promising news for the approximately one in ten individuals affected by such conditions.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Marine Biologists Discover Secrets of Deep-Sea ‘Golden Orbs’: A Breakthrough in Oceanic Mysteries

Posted on April 25, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

At a lightless depth of approximately 3,251 meters (2 miles) beneath the Gulf of Alaska, marine scientists and the public are puzzled by a golden object, roughly the size of a softball, clinging to a rock. Is it an egg, a sponge, or something entirely unknown? A recent study from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History provides a fascinating answer: these “golden spheres” are remnants of a rare species of sea anemone.

This ‘golden sphere’ was discovered approximately 3,300 meters deep in the Gulf of Alaska. Image credit: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Seascape Alaska.

The intriguing “Golden Orb” was collected on August 30, 2023, using a remotely operated vehicle launched from a U.S. exploration vessel, Oceanos Explorer.

Measuring about 10 centimeters (4 inches) in diameter, this mysterious object was found among small glass sponges on the ocean floor, southwest of Walker Seamount in the Gulf of Alaska.

Its smooth, metallic sheen and torn opening sparked immediate curiosity regarding its origins.

“An initial inspection revealed no signs of typical animal anatomy—such as a mouth, intestines, or musculature—but rather a loose collection of fibrous material covered by a smooth, layered surface,” stated study lead author Dr. Stephen Orskavich, alongside his team.

Further microscopic examinations showed that the surface was replete with unique specialized puncture structures belonging to hexacoralia, a diverse group of cnidarians that includes sea anemones and stony corals.

Relicanthus daphneae has pale purple or pink tentacles that can reach about 2.1 m (7 ft) in length. Image credit: Craig Smith & Diva Amon, ABYSSLINE Project.” width=”580″ height=”326″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14720_1-Relicanthus-daphneae.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14720_1-Relicanthus-daphneae-300×169.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14720_1-Relicanthus-daphneae-195×110.jpg 195w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Relicanthus daphneae features pale purple or pink tentacles, growing up to about 2.1 m (7 ft) long. Image credit: Craig Smith & Diva Amon, ABYSSLINE Project.

The researchers also analyzed similar specimens collected during a 2021 expedition aboard the Schmidt Oceanographic Research Vessel, Falcor, discovering comparable stinging structures.

Genetic analysis confirmed the connection: DNA extracted from the “Golden Orb” aligns with Relicanthus daphneae, a mysterious deep-sea anemone recognized for its considerable size and long flowing tentacles.

Collectively, this evidence suggests that the “golden spheres” are not living organisms but rather biological debris formed at the base of sea anemones.

The specimen corresponds to Relicanthus daphneae, individuals that attach themselves to bedrock.

“This specimen represents a novel microhabitat composed of remnants of the originally secreted cuticle from Relicanthus daphneae, a rarely observed and recently classified species found between 1,200 and 4,000 meters (0.75 to 2.5 miles), while hosting microbial communities above and below its epidermis,” noted the scientists.

“These significant discoveries would not have been possible without the unique golden color and enigmatic egg-like appearance of the specimen.”

Relicanthus daphneae was observed during a 2016 expedition to the Mariana Islands by the NOAA ship Oceanus Explorer. Image credit: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Mariana Deep Sea Exploration.” width=”580″ height=”326″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14720_2-Relicanthus-daphneae.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14720_2-Relicanthus-daphneae-300×169.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14720_2-Relicanthus-daphneae-195×110.jpg 195w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

This Relicanthus daphneae was documented during a 2016 expedition aboard the NOAA ship Oceanus Explorer in the Mariana Islands region. Image credit: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Mariana Deep Sea Exploration.

Though rarely collected, Relicanthus daphneae is believed to have a worldwide distribution.

Individual polyps can reach approximately 30 cm (12 inches) in diameter, with long, winding tentacles that may extend twice that width.

Observations indicate that these creatures perch on rocks or sponges, using their tentacles to snag prey from the currents.

They may also traverse the ocean floor, leaving traces of the same golden cuticle behind.

The exact reason for shedding this material is still uncertain. One possibility is a method of asexual reproduction known as pedal laceration.

“Our findings underscore that the biodiversity and biological behaviors of obscure deep-sea species remain largely unexplored, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive specimen collection and rigorous taxonomic tracking in telepresence-based ocean exploration,” the authors concluded.

Their study was published online on April 21, 2026, on the BioRxiv preprint server.

_____

Stephen R. Orskavich et al. The Curious Incident of the Golden Orb – Remains of Relicanthus daphneae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexagram), deep sea anemone. BioRxiv published online on April 21, 2026. doi: 10.64898/2026.04.17.719276

Source: www.sci.news

Breakthrough Drug Prevents Long-Term Muscle Weakness Post-Sepsis – Sciworthy

Posted on April 17, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Sepsis is an extreme reaction of the body to infection. This occurs when the immune system overreacts, causing damage to its own organs and tissues. While sepsis can be life-threatening, around 1.9 million individuals in the United States recover from sepsis each year. However, more than half of these survivors endure long-term complications, such as memory issues, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Research commonly links persistent muscle weakness to muscle mass loss during sepsis, yet symptoms may linger even after muscle recovery, complicating treatment and prevention efforts.

To investigate the underlying causes of ongoing muscle weakness post-severe sepsis, scientists at the University of Kentucky used 16- to 18-month-old mice, equivalent to human ages of 55 to 60 years. They induced sepsis on day 0 by injecting abdominal mixes of intestinal bacteria. Body temperatures were monitored every 12 hours to confirm active infection.

To prevent fatalities, the mice received antibiotics twice daily for 5 days, starting 12 hours post-injection. Mice that survived beyond day 5 were categorized as sepsis survivors. The initial 5 days were termed the acute stage, while days 14 to 70 comprised the chronic phase. Throughout the study, muscle health in non-septic, acutely septic, and chronically septic mice was compared.

The researchers focused on voluntary movement muscles, known as skeletal muscles. They placed each mouse’s foot on a sensor to artificially stimulate the muscles and measure contraction force as an indicator of muscle strength. By day 3 of sepsis, the mice’s leg muscles exhibited only 60% of their pre-infection strength.

Further measurements on days 14 and 70 confirmed that, despite normalizing body temperatures and resolving infections, the mice’s muscles produced only about 30% of their original strength. The researchers concluded that muscle weakness initiated during acute sepsis could persist for several months following infection resolution.

Prior research revealed that mice surviving severe sepsis and experiencing persistent muscle weakness also demonstrated defects in their cellular energy factories, known as mitochondria. To assess whether sepsis damaged mitochondrial function in mouse skeletal muscle cells, the team measured key energy-producing mitochondrial proteins.

They dissected a mouse leg muscle, placed thin sections on slides, and applied a specific colored marker binding to these proteins. Protein levels were quantified by examining markers under a microscope. Results showed an 8% decrease by day 4 and a 20% decrease by day 14. The study indicated that mitochondrial defects were mild during the acute sepsis phase but grew worse in the chronic phase, aligning with the observed muscle deterioration in sepsis survivors.

As mitochondrial damage in mice increased over time, the researchers hypothesized that protecting mitochondria could prevent chronic muscle weakness. They experimented with a small protein drug called SS-31, designed to guard mitochondria from damaging agents and enhance energy production.

One group of septic mice received SS-31 twice daily until day 5 and once daily until day 10. On day 21, muscle strength was evaluated in mice treated with SS-31, untreated septic mice, and healthy controls. SS-31-treated mice exhibited approximately 15% greater muscle strength than untreated counterparts, reaching levels comparable to healthy mice. Measurements of mitochondrial proteins on day 28 revealed a 40% reduction in untreated mice, while SS-31-treated mice maintained typical protein levels akin to non-septic mice. These findings suggest that administering SS-31 during acute sepsis may effectively prevent chronic muscle weakness.

The authors noted that this is the first study to demonstrate that post-sepsis muscle weakness intensifies post-recovery, necessitating a shift in focus from the acute phase to the chronic phase. They also proposed that clinicians could potentially protect patients’ mitochondria using drugs like SS-31 during the acute phase to mitigate post-sepsis muscle weakness, given the increased mitochondrial abnormalities in patients following severe sepsis.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Monkeys Explore a Virtual World Solely Through Thought Control: A Breakthrough in Mind-Driven Technology

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Monkeys Navigate Virtual Worlds Using Brain-Computer Interface

Peter Jansen et al. 2026

Equipped with advanced brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), monkeys demonstrated their ability to navigate various virtual worlds using only their thoughts. Researchers aim to use these findings to help individuals with paralysis explore virtual environments and control motorized wheelchairs intuitively.

Peter Jansen and colleagues at the University of Leuven in Belgium conducted transplants in three rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) fitted with BCIs. Each monkey received three implants containing 96 electrodes strategically placed in the primary motor cortex, dorsal, and ventral premotor cortex. The primary motor cortex is crucial in BCI research and is associated with physical movement, while the other two regions facilitate abstract movement planning. Electrical signals from the implants were interpreted by an AI model to control a virtual reality (VR) avatar as the monkey interacted with a 3D monitor.

During the experiment, the monkeys could control a sphere that moved across a VR landscape from a fixed viewpoint. They progressed to directing an animated monkey avatar from a third-person perspective, similar to popular video games. Subsequent trials allowed the monkeys to navigate their virtual surroundings by interacting with doors and moving from room to room.

Unlike previous BCI experiments involving humans, which required physical movements like finger motions to manipulate cursors, Janssen believes that placing sensors within the monkeys facilitated a more intuitive connection to movement.

“We can’t directly communicate with these monkeys, but fundamentally, we think this method provides a more natural way to control systems,” Janssen remarked. He likened current BCI experiences to “trying to move your ears,” noting that this disconnection can be frustrating and requires extended practice to master.

Janssen is optimistic that this innovative approach may eventually translate to humans, empowering those with paralysis to navigate virtual environments or control electric wheelchairs with ease. However, he also acknowledged the complexities of precise sensor placements in human subjects, stating, “It requires thorough research to pinpoint the right areas, given our limited understanding of these regions in humans. Nevertheless, once identified, it should be feasible and even simpler since humans can articulate their experiences.”

Andrew Jackson from the University of Newcastle in the UK commended the study’s ability to allow monkeys to maintain control across various perspectives and situations. This suggests that BCI may engage abstract parts of the brain related to movement, providing an adaptable approach similar to how people switch between different video games using the same controller.

“With a multitude of buttons available, different games demand specific mappings that can be challenging to navigate,” Jackson noted. “However, this approach simplifies the process as there are only limited combinations to explore. A scenario requiring you to abandon your controller for an external task would present a greater challenge.”

Preliminary trials of simpler BCIs have been conducted on humans. For instance, a paralyzed individual successfully piloted a virtual drone through an intricate obstacle course merely by envisioning finger movements, with AI interpreting the resulting signals. In another instance, imagining writing with a pen enabled a computer to transcribe thoughts into text.

In 2024, Neuralink, co-founded by the controversial billionaire Elon Musk, announced a groundbreaking development: the first human BCI installation, allowing cursor control on a computer. However, reports later revealed that approximately 85% of the electrode threads had misaligned within a month, compromising functionality. Neuralink has faced scrutiny over suspicions of animal mistreatment, claims Musk has denied while also navigating a U.S. government investigation tied to the experiment. The situation has seemingly stalled under President Donald Trump.

Scientific Progress DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adw3876

Source: www.newscientist.com

Breakthrough: First-Ever Mapping of All Clitoral Nerves by Scientists

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Decades after mapping the nerves of the penis, scientists have successfully mapped the nerves in the clitoris, according to new research that is pending peer review.

Researchers from the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands utilized a groundbreaking X-ray imaging technique to produce three-dimensional maps of the clitoral nerves in two women.

The lead author, Dr. Lee Joo-young, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stated that this study could significantly enhance our understanding of clitoral function.

“A thorough comprehension of anatomy is fundamental to understanding physiological function,” she explained to BBC Science Focus. “With improved knowledge of anatomy, we can pose more insightful questions about physiology. This study is particularly intriguing from a scientific perspective.”

The researchers believe that their findings could help surgeons avoid clitoral injuries during pelvic procedures, including childbirth, gender reassignment surgery, and reconstructive surgeries following female genital mutilation.

The anatomical map was derived from specialized imaging of the pelvises of two women who donated their bodies to the University of Amsterdam after their passing.

Lee’s research team employed CT scans paired with extremely bright X-rays to trace the paths of the clitoral nerves with unprecedented precision—up to one-thousandth of a millimeter (1/25,000th of an inch).

This detailed mapping revealed that the major sensory nerve, known as the dorsal clitoral nerve (DNC), branches outwards in a tree-like pattern towards the external structures of the clitoris.

The dorsal clitoral nerve (DNC) is shown in yellow, marking a significant advancement in understanding clitoral anatomy. – Credit: Ju Young Lee et al. 2026

Contrary to previous beliefs that the DNC was tapered, this study indicates that the nerve extends toward both the clitoral foreskin and the skin above it.

Nonetheless, as this study examined only the anatomy of two postmenopausal women, the results may not accurately reflect the entirety of clitoral nerve anatomy.

This research aligns with broader studies that are reshaping our understanding of women’s reproductive biology.

For instance, recent discoveries indicate that the clitoris is at least twice the size typically depicted in anatomy textbooks, with a nerve density that can be up to 15 times greater than that of the penis.

Observations of clitoral nerves from a different perspective. – Credit: Ju Young Lee et al. 2026

Dr. Lee emphasized that her research serves as a “starting point for clitoral science,” highlighting the many mysteries yet to be unraveled. Until recently, the clitoris has received insufficient scientific focus.

“There are 20 times more scientific publications on the glans penis than on the glans clitoris,” Lee stated, referring to the highly sensitive regions of these anatomical structures that are rich in nerve endings.

“This stark contrast underscores the lack of attention given to the clitoris,” she remarked, expressing hope for the growth of clitoral science.

“I encourage readers to explore their own anatomy,” Lee added. “Unlike the penis, which is easily visible, observing the clitoris requires the aid of a mirror. We recommend using a mirror to familiarize yourself with your anatomy.”

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Physicists Discover Elusive Nuclear State: Breakthrough in Nuclear Physics Research

Posted on April 10, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Groundbreaking experiments in Germany reveal the first evidence of the long-predicted pairing of carbon-11 nuclei and η’ mesons, shedding light on how the strongest forces in nature contribute to mass formation.

Sekiya et al. Experiments at Germany’s GSI/FAIR research center have uncovered evidence of exotic nuclear states. Image credit: J. Hosan, GSI/FAIR.

“In physics, we identify four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, strong interactions, and weak interactions,” stated Professor Kenta Itabashi from RIKEN and his team at Osaka University.

“Various bound systems are maintained by these forces. For instance, gravity holds the Earth and the moon together, while electromagnetic interactions bind positively charged atomic nuclei with negatively charged electrons.”

“The nucleus of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons, is held together by strong interactions.”

“In addition to protons and neutrons, which are each made up of three quarks, other particles, such as mesons, also participate in strong interactions.”

“Certain mesons carry a negative charge,” the physicists commented.

“In special instances, these mesons can displace electrons within an atom and bond to the nucleus via electromagnetic interactions.”

“However, some mesons, including the η’ meson, are electrically neutral.”

“Due to its lack of charge, the η’ meson cannot bond electromagnetically to an atom’s nucleus, relying instead on strong interactions for binding.”

“These situations, where strong interactions are the sole binding mechanism, are particularly intriguing as they allow us to gain insights into the nature of this force.”

In 2005, scientists anticipated the existence of meson-nuclear configurations formed solely by strong interactions.

However, thorough investigations into this exotic state had remained inconclusive until now.

Professor Itabashi and his collaborators conducted pioneering experiments at the GSI fragment separation facility in Germany.

“Our proton beam strikes the carbon-12 nucleus at approximately 96% of the speed of light, removing neutrons, forming deuterons, and proceeding forward,” the researchers explained.

“The residual carbon-11 nucleus is excited into a high-energy state, producing an η’ meson that occasionally binds with it. This results in a transient, bound quantum state.”

The implications of this experimental breakthrough extend well beyond the initial identification of an exotic nuclear state.

Simultaneously, it was demonstrated that the mass of the η’ meson diminishes within nuclear matter.

This finding enhances our comprehension of how meson mass is generated. The combined masses of the quarks in the η’ meson account for only about 1% of its total mass when unbound.

“Moving forward, our collaborative effort will conduct enhanced follow-up experiments, utilizing substantially more data to accurately gauge the spectroscopic properties of bound η’ meson nuclear systems, focusing on energy levels, binding energies, and decay widths,” the researchers concluded.

For further details, refer to their paper published in the Physical Review Letters.

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Takashi Sekiya et al. 2026. Excitation spectrum of the 12C(𝑝,𝑑) reaction near the 𝜂’-meson emission threshold measured simultaneously with high-momentum protons. Physics. Review Letters 136, 142501; doi: 10.1103/6vsl-ng7x

Source: www.sci.news

Unlocking the Secrets of ‘Compound X’: A Breakthrough in Eliminating Parkinson’s Disease Proteins from the Brain

Posted on April 9, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Parkinson’s Disease: Neurological Insights and Treatment Advances

Image Credit: Dr. Gopal Murthy/Science Photo Library

A potential breakthrough drug, referred to as Compound X, has demonstrated significant improvements in mobility and balance for mice exhibiting Parkinson’s-like symptoms. This innovative treatment enhances the brain’s waste-processing capabilities, effectively removing toxic protein aggregates. However, the research team has yet to disclose the specifics of this compound.

“With intellectual property considerations, we recognize that Compound X represents a pivotal advancement, potentially serving as the first disease-modifying intervention for Parkinson’s disease,” stated Zhao Yan from Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne.

Parkinson’s disease affects over 10 million people globally, characterized by the progressive loss of nerve cells involved in movement control. This degeneration is widely believed to originate from the build-up of misfolded proteins called α-synuclein, due to a malfunction in the brain’s waste disposal system—the glymphatic system. Recent studies aimed to determine if enhancing this system could alleviate symptoms.

To explore this hypothesis, Yang and her colleagues employed a novel mouse model mimicking Parkinson’s disease. This model utilizes repeated nasal administration of misfolded alpha-synuclein, promoting its spread throughout the brain and causing severe motor deficits—more accurately reflecting human Parkinson’s disease compared to traditional models that rely on toxin exposure. Yang showcased her findings at the Oxford Glymphatic and Brain Clearance Symposium in the UK on April 1st.

The team administered weekly doses of alpha-synuclein to 20 mice over four months. After two months, they introduced Compound X—an FDA-approved drug administered four times a week in synergy with methylcellulose, which enhances drug solubility. Preliminary studies indicated that Compound X could increase slow brain waves, known to support glymphatic function, although its specific impact on brain waste clearance warranted further investigation, Yang noted.

The remaining group of mice received only methylcellulose as a control. The progression of Parkinson’s symptoms paralleled early-stage human patients, including alterations in smell and sleep patterns, according to Yang.

Subsequently, all mice underwent a locomotion test involving navigation on a slender rod. Remarkably, 80% of the mice treated with Compound X successfully completed the task, compared to only 10% in the control group.

In another assessment requiring balance on a rotating rod for five minutes, nearly all Compound X-treated mice maintained their position throughout the duration, while the control group averaged just three minutes.

Further analyses revealed that Compound X enhanced slow-wave activity during deep sleep and facilitated fluid circulation within the glymphatic system. Notably, this treatment reduced α-synuclein aggregates in the mice’s motor cortex by approximately 40% compared to the control group.

“This discovery holds significant potential,” emphasized Duan Wenzhen from Johns Hopkins University, Maryland. “The medical community requires treatments that can decelerate disease progression. Current therapies only alleviate symptoms temporarily, lacking efficacy in altering the disease’s trajectory.”

The research team aspires to obtain regulatory approval for human trials targeting early-stage Parkinson’s patients within the upcoming year. “Our ultimate goal is to provide treatment that addresses the early stages of the disease, where the most significant benefits are realized,” Yang concluded.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Discovery of the Most Primitive Star by Astronomy Students: A Breakthrough in Stellar Evolution

Posted on April 6, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Exciting new findings reveal that the star SDSS J0715-7334, formed in the halo of the Large Magellanic Cloud, migrated to the Milky Way billions of years ago, as uncovered by a dedicated team of undergraduate students at the University of Chicago.

Milky Way Galaxy illustrating the position of SDSS J0715-7334. The red line represents the star’s path, while the blue line indicates the expected trajectory for stars formed in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Image credits: Vedant Chandra / SDSS Collaboration / ESA / Gaia / A. Moitinho, AF Silva, M. Barros, C. Barata, University of Lisbon / H. Savietto, Fork Research.

The Big Bang initiated the universe, creating a hot, dense soup of energetic particles.

As the universe expanded, this primordial material cooled, leading to the formation of neutral hydrogen gas.

Denser regions of this gas collapsed under gravity after hundreds of millions of years, resulting in the birth of the universe’s first stars made of hydrogen and helium.

These ancient stars burned brightly but lived fast, generating heavier elements through nuclear fusion, which were dispersed into the cosmos upon their explosive deaths.

This enriched material then contributed to the formation of subsequent stars that were diverse in their elemental composition.

“Heavy elements, referred to as metals by astronomers, were produced through stellar activities, including nuclear fusion and supernova blasts,” noted Alex Gee, a professor at the University of Chicago.

“The discovery of a star with extremely low metal content indicated to the students that they had found something extraordinary.”

SDSS J0715-7334 is remarkable, containing only 0.005% of the metal content found in our Sun, making it the least metallic star ever recorded, surpassing the previous record holder by over double.

This star, identified using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), is located approximately 80,000 light-years from Earth.

Its orbital analysis confirms its origin in the Large Magellanic Cloud, from where it journeyed into the Milky Way billions of years ago.

“This ancient celestial traveler provides invaluable insights into the conditions of the early universe,” said Professor Gee.

“Big data initiatives like SDSS empower students to take part in groundbreaking discoveries.”

“We studied a variety of elements within this star, and we found all of them to have very low abundances,” explained Ha Do, one of the University of Chicago students involved in the discovery.

The team’s research paper is published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

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AP via others. A near-primitive star from the Large Magellanic Cloud. Nat Astron published online on April 3, 2026. doi: 10.1038/s41550-026-02816-7

Source: www.sci.news

Breakthrough Discovery: Tasmanian Tiger and Devil Paintings Found in Northern Australia

Posted on April 3, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The Tasmanian tiger (Thylacine) and the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) are believed to have gone extinct on mainland Australia approximately 3,000 years ago. Currently, only 23 pieces of rock art featuring the Tasmanian devil and around 150 artworks depicting the Tasmanian tiger exist, mostly found at rock art sites in northern Australia. Recent discoveries in Arnhem Land, located in the Northern Territory of northwestern Australia, have unveiled 14 new images of previously undocumented Tasmanian tigers or quolls, along with two images of Tasmanian devils, with some dating back less than 1,000 years.

A naturalistic-style depiction of a Tasmanian tiger from Injarrak Hills, Northern Territory, Australia. Image credit: Craig Banggar.

The recently documented paintings of the Tasmanian tiger and devil are believed to date back approximately 15,000 years, rendered in various Aboriginal art styles using red and sometimes yellow ocher.

Additionally, artists utilized white pipe clay, which deteriorates over time and does not stain the rocks, making most white paintings less than 1,000 years old.

“The quoll was more widely dispersed across mainland Australia than the Tasmanian devil and held greater cultural significance, with only 25 recorded images of the Tasmanian devil compared to over 160 depictions of the quoll,” explained lead author Professor Paul Tassone from Griffith University.

“Those who painted more recent artworks may have actually observed live quolls, indicating some may have survived longer in Arnhem Land.”

“Alternatively, they could have drawn inspiration from older paintings.”

“Regardless, the quoll remains culturally significant today, with contemporary artists depicting Tasmanian tigers on bark, paper, and canvas, referred to as ‘Junkirk’.

“Retouched paintings in the region highlight the importance of these animals through generations,” added co-author Dr. Andrea Giarandoni, also from Griffith University.

“This petroglyph rock art provides crucial insights into historical human interactions with these animals.”

“These representations indicate that the quoll held a vital role in local culture and knowledge long before its extinction.”

Local oral traditions suggest that the Tasmanian tiger was symbolically linked to the Rainbow Serpent, often associated with water bodies.

“These creatures were integral to our ancestors’ lives,” remarked co-author Joey Ganjimira, a Jarama from western Arnhem Land.

“They frequently spoke of hunting alongside the possums.”

“Our study demonstrates that sugar gliders hold contemporary relevance in the region for both scientists and traditional communities,” said Professor Tassone.

“The sugar glider remains a living entity in western Arnhem Land, symbolizing ongoing cultural significance rather than merely being a relic of the past.”

This groundbreaking research is detailed in the following article: paper published in the latest issue of Archeology of Oceania.

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Paul SC Tasson et al. The Devil is in the Details: Photographic Records of Tasmanian Devils and Tasmanian Tigers from Aungbana and Injarak Hill, Northern Territory, Australia. Archeology of Oceania, published online March 30, 2026. doi: 10.1002/arco.70024

Source: www.sci.news

Breakthrough Drug Prevents Long-Term Muscle Weakness Post-Sepsis – Sciworthy

Posted on March 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Sepsis
is an overwhelming response by the body to infection, occurring when the immune system overreacts and harms its own organs and tissues. Despite its life-threatening nature, around 1.9 million individuals in the United States survive sepsis each year. However, over half of these survivors experience long-term complications such as cognitive issues, chronic fatigue, and muscle weakness. This persistent muscle weakness is often linked to muscle mass loss during sepsis, yet symptoms may linger even after muscle recovery, complicating effective treatment and prevention.

To investigate the causes of chronic muscle weakness post-sepsis recovery, a research team at the University of Kentucky studied 16- to 18-month-old mice, akin to human ages of 55 to 60 years. They induced sepsis on day 0 by injecting a mixture of intestinal bacteria into the abdomen of the mice, monitoring their body temperatures every 12 hours to detect signs of active infection.

To prevent mortality, the mice received antibiotics twice daily for 5 days, starting 12 hours post-injection. Surviving mice beyond day 5 were categorized as sepsis survivors, with days 0 to 5 defined as the acute stage and days 14 to 70 comprising the chronic phase. The team compared muscle health across mice with no sepsis, those in the acute phase, and those in the chronic phase.

The researchers focused on skeletal muscles, responsible for voluntary movements. They placed each mouse’s foot over a sensor and stimulated the muscles to contract, measuring contraction force as an indicator of muscle strength. By the third day of sepsis, the leg muscles exhibited only about 60% of their pre-infection strength.

Additional measurements taken on days 14 and 70 confirmed that, despite normal body temperatures and resolved infections, the mice’s muscle strength was only 30% of its original capacity. This indicates that muscle weakness developed post-acute sepsis and persisted for months after the infection.

The researchers previously discovered that mice that survived severe sepsis and later experienced persistent muscle weakness exhibited defects in mitochondria, the energy-producing structures in cells. They measured key mitochondrial proteins to assess damage in mouse skeletal muscle cells.

A mouse leg muscle was dissected, thin sections were placed on slides, and a specific marker was applied to bind to the proteins. Under a microscope, researchers counted markers to measure protein levels, finding an 8% decrease by day 4 and a 20% decrease by day 14. This suggests that mitochondrial defects worsened from mild during the acute phase to more severe during the chronic phase, paralleling muscle deterioration in sepsis survivors.

Given the progressive mitochondrial damage, researchers evaluated whether protecting mitochondria could prevent long-term muscle weakness. They delivered a small protein drug called SS-31 to the mitochondria, which guards these structures against harmful molecules and enhances energy production.

One group of septic mice was treated with SS-31 twice a day until day 5 and once a day until day 10. By day 21, muscle strength was assessed in SS-31-treated mice, untreated septic mice, and healthy controls. Mice receiving SS-31 demonstrated approximately 15% greater strength compared to untreated subjects, achieving muscle levels akin to those that had never experienced sepsis. Measurement of mitochondrial proteins on day 28 showed a 40% reduction in untreated mice, while SS-31-treated mice maintained normal protein levels, similar to non-septic mice. This indicates that SS-31 can safeguard against chronic muscle weakness post-sepsis.

The authors highlighted that this is the first study to demonstrate that post-sepsis muscle weakness can worsen after muscle repair, emphasizing the need for researchers to shift their focus from the acute to the chronic phase. They also suggested that clinicians could consider protecting patients’ mitochondria with drugs like SS-31 during the acute phase to mitigate the risk of post-sepsis muscle weakness, as mitochondrial abnormalities have been observed in patients following acute sepsis.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Physicist Develops Floating Time Crystal: A Breakthrough in Quantum Physics

Posted on March 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A groundbreaking team of scientists at New York University has successfully developed a unique version of an exotic phase of matter where particles are acoustically suspended and interact through sound wave exchanges.

Morel et al. observed a revolutionary type of time crystal with particles suspended on a cushion of sound while interacting through sound waves. Image credit: David Song / New York University.

Time crystals—collections of particles that “keep time”—are poised to transform fields like quantum computing and data storage.

The particles present in this innovative time crystal defy Newton’s third law of motion, which posits that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, emphasizing a balance in forces.

Unlike traditional particles, these new particles interact independently, are not strictly bound by equilibrium forces, and exhibit non-reciprocal movement.

Remarkably, these time crystals are visible to the naked eye and are housed in a compact, one-foot-tall device that can easily be held in hand.

“The speaker emits sound waves, allowing us to place small particles at the pressure nodes, effectively suspending them against gravity,” stated Leela Elliott, an undergraduate at New York University.

The time crystal is constructed using Styrofoam beads that are suspended by these sound waves, initially employed as an acoustic levitation device to maintain the beads in the air.

“We discovered that a simple system of two particles suspended within an acoustic standing wave can spontaneously oscillate and generate time crystal effects due to their unbalanced interactions,” explained Mia Morell, a graduate student at NYU.

“When these airborne particles interact, they do so by exchanging scattered sound waves.”

“Specifically, larger particles scatter more sound than smaller ones,” she added.

“Consequently, the influence of large particles on small particles is greater than the reverse.”

“This results in an asymmetry in interactions between small and large particles.”

“Imagine two ferries of different sizes approaching a pier,” she said.

“Each ferry creates waves that displace the other, but the impact varies based on size.”

This discovery broadens the scope of potential applications for these crystals, promising advancements in technology and industry.

“Time crystals exhibit a high degree of autonomy, making independent decisions and persisting on their path,” stated Professor David Greer of New York University.

“They are intriguing not only for their potential applications but also due to their visually exotic and complex structure.”

“In contrast, our system stands out because it’s surprisingly straightforward.”

The team’s key findings were published in the Physical Review Letters.

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Mia C. Morell et al. 2026. Non-reciprocal wave-mediated interactions power the classical time crystal. Physics Review Letters, 136, 057201; doi: 10.1103/zjzk-t81n

Source: www.sci.news

First-Ever Land Transportation of Antimatter: A Historic Breakthrough

Posted on March 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

CERN Antimatter Transport Truck

Cologne

Antimatter has made its debut as about 100 antiprotons were successfully transported in a truck for 20 minutes around CERN, the famed particle physics laboratory located near Geneva, Switzerland. This groundbreaking demonstration marks the initial phase of a future antimatter delivery service, paving the way for scientists to transport antiprotons on demand to various research facilities across Europe for in-depth study.

“I’m thrilled that we’ve reached this milestone in transporting antimatter,” said Christian Smolla from CERN. “This achievement has required extensive efforts, marked by both challenges and triumphs.”

All matter possesses antimatter, which is theoretically identical but carries opposite charges. For instance, a positron is the antimatter counterpart of an electron. When antimatter particles meet their matter equivalents, they annihilate each other, resulting in the creation of new particles or bursts of energy. This unique property complicates both the storage and experimental study of antimatter.

Only in recent decades have researchers at CERN’s Antimatter Moderation Hall, colloquially known as the Antimatter Factory, been able to produce enough antimatter, such as antiprotons, to conduct meaningful experiments and further comprehend their unique characteristics. Ongoing experiments aim to answer why our universe predominantly consists of matter rather than antimatter.

Loading Delicate Anti-Cargo onto Truck

Cologne

To decelerate antiprotons, which are produced at near-light speeds, scientists employ potent magnetic fields. However, this makes it challenging to investigate the magnetic properties of the antiprotons themselves. In 2018, Smola and his team initiated the Symmetry Test in Portable Antiproton Experiment (STEP) project. This portable container utilizes a tank of liquid helium in conjunction with a strong magnetic field, enabling antiprotons to be transported to quieter settings for further study.

So far, the STEP project has successfully completed a test run on a four-kilometer ring road at the CERN campus, successfully transporting 92 antiprotons from the Antimatter Factory without compromising the cargo.

“This ensures precise measurements for years to come, as no disturbances in the hall will affect the assessments,” states Jeffrey Hungst from the ALPHA experiment, which studies antihydrogen atoms nearby at Denmark’s Aarhus University.

Looking ahead, Smola and his team aspire to extend the STEP project beyond CERN, ultimately delivering antimatter to magnetically quiet facilities across Europe. However, achieving this goal may take several years as a significant portion of CERN undergoes upgrades to the Large Hadron Collider, expected to conclude by the end of 2028.

CERN: The Hub of Particle Physics in Europe

Discover the groundbreaking research at CERN, Europe’s leading center for particle physics. Situated near the scenic lakeside city of Geneva, CERN is renowned for its pioneering work on the Large Hadron Collider and its studies on dark matter and frozen matter.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Stunning Telescope Capture: Mysterious Comet’s Collapse Revealed After Serendipitous Breakthrough

Posted on March 23, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Stunning Capture of Comet K1 by Hubble

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Dennis Bodewits (Australia)

Comet K1 captured by the Hubble Space Telescope — Stunning Capture of Comet K1 by Hubble

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Dennis Bodewits (Australia)

Recently, we were fortunate to observe Comet K1 just after it fragmented into four pieces. This event could offer crucial insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system.

John Noonan and researchers from Auburn University in Alabama had initially aimed to study a different comet using the Hubble Space Telescope. However, due to the spacecraft’s limitations in high-speed orbiting, they redirected their focus to a new target—comet C/2025 K1 (ATLAS). Upon directing Hubble towards K1, they were surprised to find it had already split into four distinct fragments.

“While we have observed comets break apart before, this was the first time we didn’t anticipate it occurring during our observations,” Noonan shared. “The ability to capture these images was incredibly fortunate.”

These unprecedented images of a freshly shattered comet provide invaluable data. Typically, it is challenging to predict when a comet will begin to splinter, let alone align a space telescope to capture the moment. However, the high-resolution images acquired allowed researchers to estimate that K1 began to fracture approximately a week prior to the images being taken.

Observations of Comet K1 Over Three Days

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Dennis Bodewits (Australia)

Comets consist of primordial ice from the early solar system, yet their surfaces erode over time due to solar radiation and other cosmic effects. To uncover this primordial ice and gain insights into planetary formation, we must delve beneath the surface—a task that shattered comets facilitate.

As a comet disintegrates, it releases ice that transitions into gas, diffusing into space. “These extremely cold ice remnants are suddenly exposed to warmth for the first time in billions of years and should rapidly subliminate,” Noonan explained. Surprisingly, in the case of K1, it took about two days post-fragmentation for brightness to emerge, typically indicating sunlight interacting with sublimated gases and dust.

The reason for this unexpected delay remains unclear. Noonan and his team are currently analyzing the remaining data from K1, which is anticipated to clarify the delay in brightening and reveal the comet’s internal composition. “We are poised to embark on groundbreaking research regarding this comet and early solar system dynamics,” he stated.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Discover the World’s First Antimatter Delivery Service: A Revolutionary Breakthrough

Posted on March 21, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Portable Trap System “BASE-STEP”

Marina Cavazza, Chetna Krishna/CERN

CERN’s antimatter factory, located in a high-magnetic field environment and a vacuum more extreme than interstellar space, houses some of the most delicate matter found on Earth. Nestled in a compact box roughly the size of a filing cabinet and a few hundred kilograms lighter than a Ford Focus, lie antiprotons that have been quietly resting for weeks. Rather than being aggressively tested like most particles produced in this facility, these antiprotons have a singular purpose: awaiting their moment of transport.

Shortly, more than a hundred of these precious antimatter particles will be transported in trucks along a four-kilometer ring road around the CERN campus. This marks the inaugural demonstration of a future antimatter delivery service designed to transport antimatter to laboratories across Europe.

During my visit to CERN’s campus near Geneva, Switzerland, project leader Christian Smolla guided me through the facility, showcasing the final preparations for the “Symmetry Test in Transportable Antiproton Experiments (STEP).” “This represents a groundbreaking achievement in antimatter science,” he remarked. “While the theoretical framework for transporting antiprotons existed since the facility’s inception, this is the first practical implementation.”

Since the 1920s, scientists have acknowledged the existence of antimatter, particles with counterparts that possess opposite charges. However, antiprotons, being the simplest form of antimatter, often annihilate upon contact with their more plentiful proton counterparts, complicating their production and storage. It wasn’t until the 1980s that CERN successfully conducted the first experiments to confine antiprotons, generated by proton bombardment of metal targets.

Today, CERN’s Antimatter Factory is the only location globally capable of producing millions of antiprotons on demand and retaining them for research purposes. Several experiments, including the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE), take place here, with STEP also participating.

Christian Smolla Making Final Adjustments

David Stock

These experiments meticulously test antimatter’s fundamental properties, examining deviations from normal matter. Insights gleaned could provide answers to why our universe predominantly consists of matter, seemingly devoid of antimatter.

To achieve the necessary precision in measurements, it is essential to mitigate noise from radiation that might disrupt data collection. When antiprotons enter the detection zone, they approach nearly the speed of light, necessitating a robust magnetic field for deceleration, although complete blockage remains unattainable.

In 2018, Smolla’s team recognized the need for a quieter environment for antimatter, resulting in a strategic escape plan. “Observing variations in the magnetic field made it clear we had to continue precision measurements elsewhere,” Smolla stated.

Containing antimatter is a formidable challenge, requiring superconducting magnets cool enough to sustain near absolute zero temperatures while consuming massive electrical power. The STEP design leveraged just a 30-liter liquid helium tank for magnet cooling, allowing its electronics to function on a standard diesel generator. Future test runs aim to transition to battery power.

Additionally, magnets needed to withstand start-stop movements during operation, and a custom vacuum system was essential to ensure the antiprotons remain uncontaminated by normal matter during their loading and unloading processes.

In 2024, Smolla’s team is set to showcase the STEP experiment. A truck will transport the device across the CERN campus to observe protons, a significant milestone in antimatter transport.

In the days leading up to my visit, approximately 100 antiprotons were slowed and positioned within a sophisticated network of vacuum and electromagnetic fields.

Since then, they’ve patiently awaited the next steps within a complex arrangement of electrical wires and liquid helium lines. With a small oscilloscope screen, Smolla’s team monitors the antimatter’s vital signs. The natural frequencies at which antiprotons vibrate manifest as double humps, affectionately adorned with googly eyes.

Detection Signals Indicating Antiproton Presence

David Stock

On an early Tuesday morning, a crane carefully hoists the entire 850-kilogram trap onto a specialized truck. The truck’s operator is trained to manage CERN’s sensitive equipment, ensuring smooth acceleration and braking.

The truck will then navigate a four-kilometer loop around the CERN campus before returning to the antimatter factory. Should the experiment prove successful, Smolla’s ultimate goal is to extend this antimatter transport service beyond CERN’s confines, delivering antimatter capsules to various European laboratories. A facility currently under construction at Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf, Germany, aims to study antimatter in a near-field-free environment.

However, this ambitious goal entails several years of work. CERN is scheduled to suspend extensive operations in July to upgrade its Large Hadron Collider for higher power outputs, a task slated for completion in late 2028.

Once operational, the antimatter delivery service could mean trucks transporting antimatter alongside ordinary vehicles on highways throughout Switzerland and Germany. Though it sounds alarming—given antimatter’s tendency to annihilate upon contact with regular matter—Smolla assures that the risk remains minimal.

“Transporting antimatter is safe, as the quantities we handle are extremely small,” Smolla explains. “You could easily lose 1,000 antiprotons without any noticeable impact.”

Topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Breakthrough in Mammal Brain Preservation: A Major Step Towards Resuscitation After Death

Posted on March 20, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Will we someday preserve our thoughts, emotions, and perceptions?

Thumbnail/Science Photo Library

Brain Preservation Technique — Will we someday preserve our thoughts, emotions, and perceptions?

Thumbnail/Science Photo Library

Recent breakthroughs in brain preservation methods have enabled an entire mammalian brain to be successfully stored. This innovative technique will soon be accessible to terminally ill patients, aimed at gathering essential neural data to one day reconstruct the essence of the individual.

According to Boris Lobel of Nectome, a San Francisco-based company pioneering memory preservation, patients will need to donate their brains and bodies for scientific research. “Our vision is to preserve their bodies and brains indefinitely, with the hope that one day we can decode the information stored in their brains,” he stated.

Timing is critical for preserving the delicate structure of the brain; just minutes without blood flow can lead to irreversible damage as enzymes destroy neurons and cells begin self-digestion.

Typically, cryonics aims to preserve bodies at subzero temperatures post-mortem, allowing for the possibility of revival if future treatments are developed. However, rapid action is essential, as brain deterioration begins almost immediately following natural death.

To mitigate these challenges, Lobel and his team have created a physician-assisted protocol that allows terminally ill individuals to choose the timing of their passing. This ensures immediate intervention, enhancing the likelihood of maintaining the brain’s condition close to its living state.

Lobel’s team performed tests using pigs, which possess brain and cardiovascular systems similar to humans. The procedure involved inserting a cannula into the heart shortly after cardiac arrest, flushing out blood, and introducing a preservation solution. This concoction contains aldehyde chemicals that create molecular connections, effectively locking cellular activity.

A cryoprotectant is later introduced to replace water within the tissue, preventing ice crystal formation that could harm cells upon cooling. The treated brains are then cooled to approximately -32°C, allowing cryoprotectants to achieve a glass-like state for indefinite preservation.

To evaluate the technique’s success, researchers analyzed samples from the brain’s outer layer under a microscope. Initial trials commencing 18 minutes post-mortem indicated significant cellular damage, but when the delay was shortened to under 14 minutes, the tissue displayed excellent preservation of neurons and synapses.

Theoretically, Lobel suggested this protocol could aid in “reconstructing the three-dimensional map of neural connections,” referred to as the connectome, potentially illuminating how the brain generates thoughts, emotions, and cognitive functions. So far, scientists have achieved the mapping of only a fraction of the mouse brain, which took seven years to complete, as documented in this study.

Despite advancements in cryonics and computational technology, true “resuscitation” remains unfeasible. “Our method is akin to embalming, preserving the brain’s structural integrity without restoring biological viability,” explains João Pedro de Magalhães from the University of Birmingham. He further asserts that even a perfect mental replica would exist as a distinct entity.

Nonetheless, Lobel’s team is hopeful about the future, positing that human consciousness could eventually be recreated digitally or biologically. “We are open to various resurrection strategies, as we believe we can preserve all necessary information for this,” Wróbel asserts.

Nectome plans to invite terminally ill patients to Oregon, allowing them to spend time with family before undergoing the new preservation protocols. “They receive medications prescribed by an independent physician before we initiate the surgery,” Lobel notes.

This groundbreaking research brings forth profound philosophical inquiries regarding our understanding of death. “Declaring death based solely on the absence of blood circulation oversimplifies the complexities involved,” remarks Brian Wok, from 21st Century Medicine. “The ability to preserve the brain’s intricate structure and molecular makeup after circulation ceases raises essential questions about the nature of life and death.”

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

New Herbivorous Dinosaur Species Discovered in South Korea: A Breakthrough in Paleontology

Posted on March 19, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A newly discovered species of small herbivorous dinosaur has been unveiled from a partial skeleton of a juvenile found in South Korea.

Artist’s interpretation of Durisaurus humini. Image courtesy of Jun Song Yi.

Durisaurus humini, a dinosaur species that thrived in what is now Korea during the mid-Cretaceous period, approximately 113 to 94 million years ago.

This prehistoric species belongs to the Thescelosauridae family, a group of bipedal dinosaurs known to populate East Asia and North America during the Cretaceous.

“The fossil record of dinosaur skeletons in South Korea has historically been limited in abundance and completeness,” stated paleontologist Dr. Jeong-yoon Jeong from the University of Texas at Austin and Chonnam National University.

“Currently, only two dinosaur species from South Korea have been recognized, both characterized by partial posterior skulls from the late Cretaceous period: Coriaceratops fasongensis and the newly identified Collenosaurus bosongensis from the Senso Zaibatsu.”

The fossilized remains of Durisaurus humini were uncovered in 2023 within mid-Cretaceous rocks, specifically in the Nishiroyama layer on the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula.

The specimen encompasses a skull, vertebrae, hind limbs, and multiple bezoars (digestive stones).

Advanced X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) allowed researchers to reveal hidden anatomical details of the dinosaur’s interior embedded within the rock.

With a fuzzy coat, the dinosaur was likely about the size of a turkey but still a juvenile. Durisaurus humini may have eventually reached double this size.

Histological analysis suggests that this individual was very young, possibly around 2 years old.

“It would have been incredibly cute, resembling a young lamb,” commented Julia Clark, a paleontologist at the University of Texas at Austin.

Durisaurus humini marks the first new dinosaur species discovered in South Korea in 15 years, and it is the first dinosaur fossil with a partial skull to be found in the country.

“Upon discovering the specimen, we immediately noted some preserved leg bones and vertebrae,” Dr. Jung said.

“We were pleasantly surprised to find parts of the skull and other bones hidden within the rock blocks, creating significant excitement among the team.”

The clusters of gastroliths and their dimensions suggest that Durisaurus humini may have had a more omnivorous diet than previously assumed.

“The morphology of the gastroliths associated with Durisaurus humini and other early neoplacolates may imply a generalized or omnivorous dietary approach for this group,” the researchers noted.

“However, variations in gastric anatomy and bezoar use observed in modern birds indicate a cautious approach is necessary when interpreting dietary habits of non-avian dinosaurs.”

This groundbreaking discovery emphasizes the potential for further skeletal finds in South Korea, particularly at paleontological sites like Afed, where environmental conditions differ from those at locations known for rich trace fossil deposits.

Durisaurus humini suggests a greater diversity of Cretaceous dinosaurs in Korea than currently reflected in the trace fossil record,” the authors concluded.

For detailed insights, refer to their paper, published today in the online journal Fossil Record.

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J. Jung et al. 2026. A new species of dinosaur discovered in Korea and its implications on the diversity of early-diverging neoplates. Fossil Record 29 (1): 87-113; doi: 10.3897/fr.29.178152

Source: www.sci.news

Astronomers Uncover Hidden Structure of the Early Universe: Breakthrough Discoveries Explained

Posted on March 6, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Astronomers have utilized spectral data from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory to construct the most intricate 3D map of faint cosmic structures dating back 9 to 11 billion years, unveiling galaxies and intergalactic gas previously undetectable by telescopes.

A line intensity map showcasing the distribution of excited hydrogen in the universe approximately 10 billion years ago. The stars denote areas where HETDEX has identified galaxies. The inset simulates the structure after optimizing the data by reducing background noise. Image credit: Maja Lujan Niemeyer / Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics / HETDEX / Chris Byrohl / Stanford University.

“Studying the early Universe reveals how galaxies have evolved into their current forms and the role that intergalactic gas plays in this transformation,” stated Dr. Maya Lujan Niemeyer, an astronomer at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and a key member of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope’s Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX).

“Many objects from this epoch are faint and challenging to observe due to their vast distances,” she continued.

“Through a technique known as line intensity mapping, this innovative map enhances our understanding of these objects, adding complexity and depth to this crucial era of cosmic history.”

Although line intensity mapping is not a novel methodology, this is the first instance it has been employed to visualize Lyman alpha emissions with such exceptional precision across an extensive dataset.

The HETDEX project harnesses the capabilities of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope to catalog over 1 million luminous galaxies to decode the mysteries of dark energy.

What differentiates this project is its extensive measurement scope, equivalent to observing more than 2,000 full moons and amassing a colossal dataset of over 600 million spectra across an expansive area of the sky.

“We leverage only a fraction of our data—approximately 5%,” remarked Dr. Karl Gebhardt, principal investigator of HETDEX and an astronomer at the University of Texas at Austin.

“This leaves significant potential for future research utilizing the remaining data.”

“While HETDEX captures images of the entire sky, only a small subset of the collected data comprises sufficiently bright galaxies for our research,” noted Dr. Lujan Niemeyer.

“These galaxies are merely the beginning. In the vast expanses in between, lies an entire ocean of light awaiting discovery.”

To construct this groundbreaking map, astronomers employed a supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center to meticulously analyze approximately half a petabyte of HETDEX data.

Using the coordinates of luminous galaxies already detected by HETDEX, they inferred the positions of fainter galaxies and adjacent glowing gas.

Due to the gravitational forces that cause matter to cluster, the existence of one bright galaxy implies the presence of nearby celestial objects.

“This allows us to utilize known galaxy positions as reference points to ascertain distances to fainter celestial entities,” explained Dr. Eiichiro Komatsu, HETDEX scientist and astronomer at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics.

“The resultant map emphasizes regions surrounding bright galaxies while providing intricate details of the areas in between.”

“Simulation models exist for this cosmic era, yet they remain hypothetical; they do not represent the actual universe.”

“We now possess a foundational understanding that allows us to verify whether the astrophysics underlying these simulations holds true.”

For more on these remarkable findings, published on March 3, 2026, in the Astrophysical Journal.

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Maya Lujan Niemeyer and others, 2026. Lyα intensity mapping in HETDEX: Galaxy-Lyα intensity cross-power spectrum. APJ 999, 177; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae3a98

Source: www.sci.news

Scientists Unveil Digitally Reconstructed Face of Littlefoot: A Breakthrough in Paleontology

Posted on March 4, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Changes in hominid facial size and shape over time are not just significant for taxonomic and evolutionary relationships; they also indicate vital functional adaptations. Recently recovered and well-preserved, the Australopithecus skulls, especially the 3.67-million-year-old StW 573, commonly referred to as “Littlefoot,” discovered in Sterkfontein, South Africa, have greatly enriched the fossil record. Although StW 573 is nearly complete, post-depositional damage has resulted in some displacement and fragmentation of the facial skeleton. In a groundbreaking new study, paleoanthropologists set out to digitally reconstruct the surface of StW 573.

Facial reconstruction of StW 573. Image credit: A. Beaudet.

The Littlefoot fossil was uncovered in 1994 in a cave in Sterkfontein, South Africa.

This specimen, also known as StW 573, got its name from the four small leg bones discovered amidst a box full of animal fossils that ultimately led to the skeleton’s recovery.

In the 2010s, paleoanthropologist Ronald Clark suggested that Littlefoot might belong to Australopithecus prometheus, while others argued for Australopithecus africanus, a hominid species found at the same site, or even a distinct species within the Australopithecus genus.

Although many aspects of StW 573’s skeleton have been extensively studied, the face has been distorted due to millions of years of geological processes, making physical reconstruction methods ineffective.

In a recent investigation, Dr. Amélie Baudet of the Universities of Poitiers and the University of the Witwatersrand, along with her team, digitally reconstructed the facial bones, producing one of the most complete Australopithecus faces to date.

The researchers evaluated nine facial linear measurements and applied 3D geometric morphometry to compare Littlefoot with various extant great apes and three other Australopithecus fossils.

Findings indicated that Littlefoot’s overall facial size, eye socket shape, and general facial structure bore more resemblance to East African fossils than to younger South African specimens, a counterintuitive result given the lack of complete facial fossils for comparison.

“Given Littlefoot’s geographical origins, this pattern is unexpected and implies a more dynamic evolutionary history than previously believed,” remarked Dr. Baudet.

“For instance, Littlefoot may represent a lineage closely linked to East African populations, whereas later South African hominins developed more distinct facial features through regional evolutionary mechanisms.”

The study also uncovered evidence of selective pressures acting on the orbital region (around the eyes), potentially related to shifts in visual capabilities and ecological behaviors.

“Although our study is limited to a single anatomical region and a small number of comparative fossil specimens, it enriches our understanding of the links between Australopithecus populations across Africa, indicating that the orbital region may have been under evolutionary pressure during that time,” said Dr. Baudet.

“Human facial evolution suggests that our faces have become less prominent and more adaptable over time, but the timeline and inherent evolutionary mechanisms remain elusive.”

Professor Dominic Stratford from the University of the Witwatersrand and Stony Brook University commented, “This study challenges the idea that early human evolution took place in isolated regions. Instead, it supports the concept of Africa as a unified evolutionary landscape, where populations adapted to ecological pressures while remaining interconnected through common ancestry.”

“The face is crucial for primates’ interactions with their environment, serving essential functions in digestion, vision, respiration, smell, and nonverbal communication.”

“In this light, the face is an essential anatomical area for understanding how humans have adjusted and interacted with their surroundings.”

“With only a handful of Australopithecus fossils preserving nearly complete facial structures, Littlefoot offers a rare and invaluable reference point,” asserted Dr. Baudet.

“The anatomical regions of Littlefoot’s face associated with vision, respiration, and feeding will provide further vital insights into our evolutionary history.”

The study results were published in this month’s issue of Comptes rendus palevol.

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Baudet, A. & others. 2026. Virtual reconstruction and comparative study of the face of StW 573 (“Little Foot”). Comptes rendus palevol 25(3):43-56; doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2026v25a3

Source: www.sci.news

Breakthrough Discovery: Loophole Enables Quantum Cloning Technology

Posted on February 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Challenges of Quantum Information Backup

Ruslanas Baranauskas/Science Photo Library/Alamy

In the realm of quantum mechanics, the principle of no duplication for quantum information is considered an unbreakable rule. However, a novel technique for backing up qubits—the fundamental units of quantum computers—may potentially challenge this foundational aspect of physics.

Initially identified in the 1980s, the no-cloning theorem asserts that a quantum state, which encapsulates all information about a quantum system, cannot be duplicated. Attempts to copy this information typically compromise the fragility of the quantum properties being assessed. This principle is crucial for advancements in quantum technologies, including cryptography, enabling secure communication protocols that effectively prevent information duplication and interception.

Researchers from the University of Waterloo in Canada have introduced an unexpected breakthrough: the ability to clone a quantum system, provided the information is encrypted and accompanied by a unique one-time decryption key.

Achim Kemp states, “This method allows for the creation of numerous copies to enhance redundancy, yet all copies must remain encrypted, and each decryption key may only be utilized once.” This compliance with the no-cloning theorem assures that only a singular, unambiguous, readable copy of a qubit exists at any point.

Through an exploration of how quantum Wi-Fi and radio stations could function, Kemp and his team stumbled upon this astonishing revelation. Traditional no-cloning principles would inhibit multiple receivers from accessing identical quantum information.

While delving into the impact of random fluctuations and noise on information copying, the team discerned that these disturbances might inadvertently undermine the no-cloning theorem, prompting the question, “Why does quantum noise seem to confuse the no-cloning theorem?”

Upon thorough investigation, they concluded that noise could inadvertently serve as an encryption mechanism, disrupting the original signal, yet remaining reversible. When utilized intentionally, this phenomenon can act as a tool for secure information dissemination.

After validating this concept theoretically, the team successfully implemented the protocol on an actual IBM Heron 156-qubit quantum computing processor.

This innovative approach exhibits a level of resilience against the errors and noise characteristic of contemporary quantum computers, enabling the production of hundreds of encrypted clones of a single qubit. “In fact, we maximized our capacity on the IBM processor. Despite housing only 156 qubits, we estimated we could produce over 1,000 clones before triggering error messages,” Kemp explains.

This advancement to the no-cloning theorem holds promise for the future of quantum cloud storage and computing services. “Similar to how Dropbox ensures a file’s safety by storing it across three distinct geographical servers, this method offers a viable solution for duplicating quantum data,” Kemp adds.

Alex Kissinger from the University of Oxford remarks, “It’s a fascinating quantum cryptographic protocol with ample potential in quantum communications, where redundancy in transmitted information can be invaluable.” However, he emphasizes that this technique should not be misconstrued as cloning. “It signifies a method of dissemination rather than replication,” Kissinger clarifies. “It’s about distributing information so that one recipient can later retrieve it.”

Kemp concurs, asserting, “This isn’t cloning; it’s encrypted cloning—merely a refinement of the no-duplication theorem.”

Topics:

Quantum Mechanics/
Quantum Computing

Source: www.newscientist.com

Ruxolitinib: Breakthrough Vitiligo Cream That Targets Immune Cells to Restore Skin Pigmentation

Posted on February 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Vitiligo results in paler, less pigmented skin patches.

Getty Images

vitiligo skin pigmentation on female hands — Vitiligo results in paler, less pigmented skin patches.

Getty Images

A groundbreaking cream targeting the underlying cause of vitiligo is set to be available through the UK’s National Health Service (NHS). In clinical trials, this cream significantly improved pigmentation in white skin patches associated with this condition. Despite previous controversies surrounding vitiligo treatment, it is important to note that vitiligo is neither painful nor dangerous.

“Typically, individuals with vitiligo exhibit no physical symptoms, but the condition can lead to significant psychological challenges,” stated David Rosmarin from Indiana University, who led two trials for the new ruxolitinib cream treatment.

The cream, already marketed in the United States under the name Opzelura, is indicated for treating non-segmental vitiligo, characterized by symmetrical white patches on both sides of the body. This condition is believed to result from the immune system mistakenly attacking melanocytes—the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives skin its color.

According to Emma Rush from Vitiligo Support UK, this treatment represents the first rigorously tested medication that directly addresses the mechanisms causing vitiligo. “This is a significant milestone in vitiligo treatment,” she remarked.

Ruxolitinib functions by inhibiting the activity of enzymes that destroy melanocytes. While existing treatment options like steroid creams may restore some pigmentation, they have broader immune-suppressing effects.

A recent study published in 2022 revealed that ruxolitinib enhanced pigmentation and decreased the visibility of vitiligo patches compared to a placebo cream. The effects were noted irrespective of the individual’s skin color (vitiligo tends to be more conspicuous on darker skin tones), and these results were sustained for at least one year after treatment cessation for over a third of participants.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has previously reviewed the efficacy of ruxolitinib and concluded that it is not cost-effective for NHS provision. However, it is now recommended that this cream be available to individuals aged 12 and older with non-segmental vitiligo when other topical treatments have proven ineffective or unsuitable.

Vitiligo affects approximately 1% of the global population, with severity ranging from a few small patches to larger, inflamed, or discolored areas of skin.

“Patients and clinicians may sometimes believe that vitiligo does not require treatment since it is not life-threatening or physically painful,” noted Victoria Eleftheriadou of the British Association of Dermatologists. However, vitiligo can lead to serious complications, including depression and anxiety.

Natalie Umbersley, a vitiligo ambassador for the charity Changing Faces, stated that support groups encourage individuals with visible differences to seek treatment without fear of judgment but expressed her reluctance to pursue ruxolitinib after years of using existing therapies. “I have learned to embrace my unique skin,” she said. “It’s all about celebrating our individuality.”

“While it’s wonderful to have individuals who love their appearance, this is not the reality for everyone,” commented Rush.

While an oral form of ruxolitinib has been used to treat certain cancers and rheumatoid arthritis, it is associated with serious side effects such as lymphoma, heart disease, and infections. However, these risks are not reported with the topical formulation. In two vitiligo trials, ruxolitinib was linked to only mild side effects, including acne and itching. “Systemic absorption is minimal,” Eleftheriadou noted.

Ruxolitinib is also considered to be safer than long-term use of steroid creams, which can cause skin thinning. Additionally, ultraviolet light therapy may be an option for individuals with severe vitiligo, although it is not widely accessible.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Discovering the Universe’s Most Powerful Microwave Laser: A Revolutionary Breakthrough

Posted on February 20, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

This image combines views from the Hubble and Keck II telescopes. The diagonal galaxy in the foreground serves as a gravitational lens, causing a distorted image of the background galaxy H1429-0028.

Credit: NASA/ESA/ESO/WM Keck Observatory

Galaxy H1429-0028 Gravitational Lensing — This image combines views from the Hubble and Keck II telescopes. The diagonal galaxy in the foreground serves as a gravitational lens, causing a distorted image of the background galaxy H1429-0028.

Credit: NASA/ESA/ESO/WM Keck Observatory

Astronomers have identified an unprecedented microwave beam, akin to a laser, emitted from two colliding galaxies. This discovery, the brightest and most distant recorded, marks a significant milestone in our understanding of cosmic phenomena.

The generation of laser light involves stimulating atoms into a high-energy state. When photons interact with these excited atoms, they induce the release of additional photons, leading to a chain reaction. The result is a coherent light beam with uniform frequency.

Similarly, during galactic collisions, compressed gas triggers star formation and enhanced luminosity. As light travels through dust clouds, it can excite hydroxyl ions composed of hydrogen and oxygen into a high-energy state. When these ions are stimulated by radio waves, potentially from a supermassive black hole, they can release concentrated beams of microwave radiation known as masers.

Recently, Roger Dean and researchers from the University of Pretoria discovered the brightest and most distant maser in galaxy H1429-0028, approximately 8 billion light-years from Earth. Gravitational lensing, caused by a massive galaxy, distorts the light from H1429-0028, acting like a cosmic magnifying glass.

Using the MeerKAT telescope—a network of 64 radio telescopes working collaboratively—Dean and his team searched for galaxies abundant in hydrogen molecules emitting distinctive frequencies. When they focused on H1429-0028, they detected an unusually strong radiation signal, indicating the presence of powerful masers.

“Upon checking the frequency of 1667 megahertz, we immediately recognized a significant signal. What was once a mere observation transformed into a record-breaking discovery,” Dean recalls.

These extraordinary light emissions could be classified as gigamasers, far exceeding the brightness of typical megamasers found closer to the Milky Way, with an intensity approximately 100,000 times that of an ordinary star, tightly concentrated in a minuscule region of space.

Future enhancements, including the development of the South African Square Kilometer Array, will be capable of detecting even more distant masers, poised to revolutionize our understanding of cosmic history. As Matt Jarvis from Oxford University notes, these masers may offer insights into the merger processes of some of the universe’s earliest galaxies.

“To acquire accurate data about these ancient galactic mergers, we require continuous radio and infrared emissions, primarily sourced from heated dust enveloping forming stars,” Jarvis explains. “The intricate physical conditions needed to produce masers originate from these galactic collisions.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Breakthrough Insights into Migraine Causes Uncover New Drug Targets

Posted on February 20, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The trigeminal nerve is a critical target in migraine treatment.

Jitendra Jadhav/Alamy

Trigeminal Nerve and Migraine Treatment — The trigeminal nerve is a critical target in migraine treatment.

Jitendra Jadhav/Alamy

There is a new wave of migraine treatments on the horizon, focusing on a previously overlooked neural pathway that may provide relief. Understanding various migraine mechanisms is essential, given that migraines affect over 1 billion people globally, especially those who do not respond to standard therapies.

Despite past failures in drug trials, skepticism about this neural pathway’s significance is fading. Recent placebo-controlled studies call for a reevaluation of earlier assumptions about its role in migraine treatment.

Mehsud Ashina and his team at the University of Copenhagen investigated substance P, a neuropeptide linked to migraines. This crucial molecule, released by the trigeminal nerve, leads to pain through blood vessel dilation and inflammation in the meninges, thus amplifying pain signals.

Recent findings show that substance P injections induce headaches, with 71% of non-migraine individuals exhibiting dilation of the superficial temporal artery, a response similar to that seen in migraine sufferers, validating substance P’s role in these conditions.

Following the late 1990s dismissal of substance P as a viable target for migraine drugs, largely due to previous drug failures, Ashina’s team proposed that simplicistic targeting of a single receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1-R), was misguided. It is known now that substance P interacts with multiple receptors, including MRGPRX2, enhancing pain signals.

“Previous trials failed because they targeted NK1-R alone,” Ashina explains. Michael Moskowitz at Harvard recognized the trigeminal nerve’s pivotal role in migraines. “Blocking substance P’s broad effects could open new therapeutic doors. With our evolving knowledge, it’s time to revisit this strategy.”

Current advancements allow for monoclonal antibodies that block substance P directly. These innovations have already proven effective against another migraine target, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), while also exploring pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP).

Recently, Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck presented initial findings from a randomized controlled trial on an anti-PACAP monoclonal antibody called Bocnevert, which reportedly decreased monthly migraine days compared to a placebo. “This data is a positive development,” says Lars Edvinson from Lund University. Full results are expected to be shared at an upcoming conference.

With this shift in focus, there’s potential to reduce reliance on CGRP inhibitors, which have transformed migraine management since their U.S. approval in 2018, effectively halving migraine days for many. However, 40% of users still struggle.

“While CGRP drugs are effective for many, they are not universal,” says Peter Goadsby from King’s College Hospital, who collaborated on CGRP research in the 1990s. “Finding new solutions for the millions still underserved remains a pressing challenge.”

Further research is expected on the impact of inhibiting these peptides. “Substance P, CGRP, and PACAP interact with the meningeal vessel wall but do so uniquely, so there is room for optimism,” Moskowitz adds. A combination approach targeting multiple pathways may enhance treatment efficacy for non-responders.

However, it is uncertain whether drugs targeting substance P and PACAP will eclipse the effects of CGRP antagonists, which are released in higher quantities from the trigeminal nerve. “I do not believe that these alternatives can fully replace CGRP’s impact,” Edvinsson states.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Exploring the Enigma of Nuclear ‘Magic Numbers’: A Breakthrough Revealed

Posted on February 18, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Understanding Nuclear Stability: Magic Numbers in Physics

Shutterstock/ktsdesign

A pivotal set of numbers has served as the foundation of nuclear physics research for decades, revealing how they stem from the quantum interplay of nuclear particles and forces.

Nearly 80 years ago, physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer discovered that atomic nuclei exhibit remarkable stability when they contain specific numbers of protons and neutrons, such as 50 or 82. Subsequent research has reinforced the existence of these “magic numbers,” which characterize the most stable and abundant elements in the universe.

Goeppert Mayer’s contemporaries introduced the concept that protons and neutrons occupy discrete energy levels or shells. While this shell model persists in explaining numerous nuclear physics experiments by treating each nucleus particle as independent, modern quantum theory contends that these particles engage in strong interactions.

Yao Jianming and researchers from Sun Yat-sen University in China have reconciled this discrepancy, revealing how magic numbers originate from these interactions.

According to Yao, the shell model does not derive intricate details of particle interactions. Instead, he and his team approached their calculations from first principles, elucidating how particles interact, cling together, and the energy required to separate them.

Yao likens the two models to images captured at differing resolutions: “Historically, researchers either modeled the system at low resolution or explored nuclear structure at high resolution. We applied contemporary methods to bridge these models.”

The team initiated their analysis with a high-resolution perspective, then deliberately blurred it at each calculation stage, observing how particle structures evolved.

The researchers noted that the symmetry of a particle’s quantum state shifts across a mathematical bridge. By graphing these state equations, they produced shapes showcasing various symmetries at different resolutions. This transformation led to a nuclear structure where nuclei are most stable when particles correspond to magic numbers.

Jean-Paul Ebelin from the French Alternative Energy and Atomic Energy Commission emphasizes that this study offers a theoretical exploration akin to a mathematical microscope, effectively mirroring experimental observations. “Nature reveals a different facet depending on the observational resolution,” Ebelin notes.

The identified symmetry alterations correlate with effects noted in Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity, as Ebelin points out, enhancing our understanding of how magic numbers unify various elements of nuclear theory.

To date, researchers have validated their theoretical findings on a specific type of tin, known for its double magic property due to possessing 50 protons and 82 neutrons, along with several other nuclei. Looking ahead, Yao expresses intentions to extend their analysis to heavier and typically unstable nuclei, exploring how these are formed during supernova events and the collision of neutron stars.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Creating a Bitterness-Free CRISPR Grapefruit: A Breakthrough in Genetic Modification

Posted on February 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Grapefruit with Reduced Bitterness in Development

JeyMin/Imagins/Getty Images

Grapefruit with Reduced Bitterness in Development

JeyMin/Imagins/Getty Images

Have you skipped eating grapefruit due to its bitterness? The new CRISPR gene-edited variety may change your mind. Researchers have discovered that by disabling a specific gene, they can greatly diminish the bitter compounds found in grapefruit.

“The market for grapefruit could significantly expand,” states Nil Karmi from the Volcano Center in Rishon Lezion, Israel. “Many children avoid grapefruit due to its bitter taste.”

Karmi posits that this innovative approach could also aid the citrus industry amidst the threat of a devastating bacterial disease known as citrus greening.Huanglongbing poses significant risks to citrus, but cold-resistant varieties might mitigate these problems. “The insects responsible for spreading the disease cannot survive in regions with cold winters; however, the citrus varieties that can tolerate the cold are often too bitter for consumption,” he explains.

Gene-editing technology opens doors to creating cold-tolerant edible citrus varieties, allowing for cultivation in regions with temperate climates, such as Northern Europe, instead of only subtropical areas like Florida.

Citrus fruits have their distinctive sourness, particularly evident in lemons, but their bitterness stems from various compounds. Previous studies indicate that grapefruit’s bitterness is primarily linked to a compound called naringin, alongside related molecules like neohesperidin and poncitin.

To address this, Karmi’s team utilized CRISPR gene editing on a grapefruit variety to deactivate the genes responsible for producing these three bitter compounds. While grapefruit trees take several years to bear fruit, preliminary tests on the leaves show no presence of naringin, indicating that the fruit will likely be less bitter.

The modified trees also carry “marker genes” that facilitate easy identification of successfully edited plants. However, these marker genes complicate and increase the cost of obtaining permission to sell the fruit in various countries. In places like the United States and Japan, simple gene edits are not classified as genetic modifications, easing the approval process.

The team plans to replicate these gene edits in grapefruit without incorporating marker genes. “It’s a feasible plan, but it requires extensive effort,” adds Elena Plesser, also from the Volcano Center. “The process is quite challenging.”

While research teams globally are exploring similar gene-editing strategies, Karmi believes his group’s advancements are noteworthy.

The researchers are also targeting the same enzymes in cold-tolerant citrus varieties, such as pomelo, whose fruits are currently inedible due to elevated bitterness levels. The goal is to cross-breed these with popular citrus varieties like oranges to maintain cold hardiness while generating delicious, seedless fruit—a process expected to take years.

This gene editing may revolutionize the taste profile of numerous citrus fruits, claims Erin Mulvihill, who has studied naringin at the University of Ottawa, Canada.

Moreover, grapefruit consumption can pose challenges for some medications, particularly statins, as it inhibits liver enzymes responsible for processing these drugs, risking dangerously high drug levels for users. Naringin is a major player in these interactions, but, according to Muribihir, it’s not the sole factor. “To eliminate all grapefruit-drug interactions, multiple gene deletions would be necessary,” he states.

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In this rewrite, keywords such as “CRISPR,” “gene editing,” “grapefruit,” and related phrases were emphasized for SEO optimization while maintaining the content’s overall structure and HTML tags.

Source: www.newscientist.com

TESS Discovers Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS: A Breakthrough in Astronomy

Posted on January 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Earlier this month, NASA’s TESS space telescope successfully captured the faint glow and tail of an interstellar comet, further enriching its archive with observations that may provide critical insights into this unique celestial visitor from beyond our solar system.

This 3I/ATLAS image was captured by NASA’s TESS satellite on January 15, 2026. Image credit: NASA/Daniel Muthukrishna, MIT.

The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS was discovered on July 1, 2025, by the NASA-funded ATLAS survey telescope in Rio Hurtado, Chile.

Known as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) and A11pl3Z, this comet originated from the Sagittarius constellation.

3I/ATLAS holds the record for the most dynamically extreme orbit of any object tracked in our solar system.

It reached its closest approach to the Sun, or perihelion, on October 30, 2025.

The comet passed within 1.4 astronomical units (approximately 210 million km) of our Sun, just crossing Mars’ orbit.

After its brief obscuration behind the Sun, it reemerged near the triple star system Zania, located in the Virgo constellation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoaRKhbAUms" title="Video about 3I/ATLAS Comet Observation

According to MIT astronomer Daniel Muthukrishna and his team, “The TESS spacecraft systematically scans vast areas of the sky for about a month, looking for variations in light from distant stars to identify orbiting exoplanets and new worlds beyond our solar system.”

“Additionally, this technology enables TESS to detect and monitor remote comets and asteroids,” they added.

Notably, 3I/ATLAS had been observed prior to its official discovery in May 2025. For more details, you can read the findings.

From January 15 to 22, 2026, TESS re-observed the interstellar comet during a dedicated observation period.

The comet’s brightness measured approximately 11.5 times the apparent magnitude, making it about 100 times dimmer than what the human eye can perceive.

All TESS observation data is publicly accessible at the Space Telescope Mikulski Archive.

By revisiting the TESS data, astronomers successfully identified this faint comet by stacking multiple observations to track its motion, showcasing the extraordinary capabilities of the TESS mission.

Source: www.sci.news

Breakthrough: The Most Complex Time Crystal Created Inside a Quantum Computer

Posted on January 28, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

IBM Quantum System Two: The Machine Behind the New Time Crystal Discovery

Credit: IBM Research

IBM Quantum System 2 — IBM Quantum System Two: The Machine Behind the New Time Crystal Discovery

Credit: IBM Research

Recent advancements in quantum computing have led to the creation of a highly complex time crystal, marking a significant breakthrough in the field. This innovative discovery demonstrates that quantum computers excel in facilitating scientific exploration and novel discoveries.

Unlike conventional crystals, which feature atoms arranged in repeating spatial patterns, time crystals possess configurations that repeat over time. These unique structures maintain their cyclic behavior indefinitely, barring any environmental influences.

Initially perceived as a challenge to established physics, time crystals have been successfully synthesized in laboratory settings over the past decade. Recently, Nicholas Lorente and his team from the Donostia International Physics Center in Spain utilized an IBM superconducting quantum computer to fabricate a time crystal exhibiting unprecedented complexity.

While previous work predominantly focused on one-dimensional time crystals, this research aimed to develop a two-dimensional variant. The team employed 144 superconducting qubits configured in an interlocking, honeycomb-like arrangement, enabling precise control over qubit interactions.

By manipulating these interactions over time, the researchers not only created complex time crystals but also programmed the interactions to exhibit advanced intensity patterns, surpassing the complexity of prior quantum computing experiments.

This new level of complexity allowed the researchers to map the entire qubit system, resulting in the creation of its “state diagram,” analogous to a phase diagram for water that indicates whether it exists as a liquid, solid, or gas at varying temperatures and pressures.

According to Jamie Garcia from IBM, which did not participate in the study, this experiment could pave the way for future quantum computers capable of designing new materials based on a holistic understanding of quantum system properties, including extraordinary phenomena like time crystals.

The model emulated in this research represents such complexity that traditional computers can only simulate it with approximations. Since all current quantum computers are vulnerable to errors, researchers will need to alternate between classical estimation methods and precise quantum techniques to enhance their understanding of complex quantum models. Garcia emphasizes that “large-scale quantum simulations, involving more than 100 qubits, will be crucial for future inquiries, given the practical challenges of simulating two-dimensional systems.”

Biao Huang from the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences notes that this research signifies an exciting advancement across multiple quantum materials fields, potentially connecting time crystals, which can be simulated with quantum computers, with other states achievable through certain quantum sensors.

Topics:

Quantum Computing/
Quantum Physics

Source: www.newscientist.com

Ancient Bacteria Discovery Redefines Syphilis Origins: A Breakthrough in Medical History

Posted on January 23, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Treponema pallidum Bacteria Linked to Syphilis and Related Diseases

Source: Science Photo Library / Alamy

New research reveals that traces of Treponema pallidum—the bacteria responsible for syphilis—have been identified in the bones of ancient inhabitants of Colombia, dating back over 5,000 years. This discovery suggests that syphilis was infecting humans far earlier than previously believed, prior to the advent of intensive agriculture, which many experts think may have facilitated its spread.

Currently, Treponema pallidum encompasses three subspecies that cause syphilis, bejel, and framboise. The origins and transmission pathways of these diseases remain topics of scientific debate. Although ancient DNA and infectious markers on bones offer insights, they are often limited and ambiguous.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers analyzed DNA from 5,500-year-old remains discovered in the Bogotá savannah. The unexpected finding of Treponema pallidum in a human leg bone provides critical evidence of its historical prevalence.

“This discovery was entirely unanticipated, as there was a lack of skeletal evidence indicating an infectious disease,” notes Nasreen Broumandkoshbacht from the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Many scholars have long posited that the majority of diseases affected humans only after the rise of intensive agriculture, which led to denser populations. However, this individual lived in a contrasting setting—small, nomadic hunter-gatherer bands that maintained close contact with wild animals.

“These results shed light on the extensive evolutionary history of these organisms,” states Davide Bozzi from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. “They reveal longstanding relationships between the bacterium and human populations.”

As researchers, including Blumandhoschbacht and Bozzi, correlated ancient genomes with contemporary ones, they identified that the pallidum strain was part of a distinct lineage, separate from any known modern relatives. This indicates that early variants of syphilis were already diversifying and infecting humans in the Americas millennia ago, with many of the same genetic traits that make present-day strains particularly pathogenic.

The findings imply that these pathogens were not only early residents in the Americas but may have been affecting human populations globally for much longer than previously assumed.

Rodrigo Barquera, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, suggests that this ancient strain might link to an elusive “missing” pathogen, Treponema carathaeum, known primarily for its physical characteristics rather than its genetic makeup.

Kertu Majumdar, a researcher at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, posits, “The genomes of even older organisms might provide insights into a variety of extinct lineages and diseases caused by these pathogens.”

For Bozzi, unearthing the evolutionary adaptations of pathogens like syphilis is crucial for understanding their genetic attributes that enhance their virulence in new hosts.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Breakthrough Model Reveals How Nutrients Might Access Europa’s Icy Shell to Nourish Its Hidden Ocean

Posted on January 21, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Geophysicists from Washington State University and Virginia Tech have uncovered a potential pathway for nutrient transport from the radioactive surface of Jupiter’s icy moon, Europa, to its subsurface ocean.

Artist’s concept of the oceans of Jupiter’s moon Europa. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Europa is believed to host more liquid water than all of Earth’s oceans combined, but this vast ocean lies beneath a thick, ice-covered shell that obstructs sunlight.

This ice layer means that any potential life in Europa’s oceans must seek alternative sources of nutrition and energy, raising important questions about how these aquatic environments can support life.

Moreover, Europa is under constant bombardment from intense radiation emitted by Jupiter.

This radiation interacts with salts and other surface materials on Europa, producing nutrients beneficial for marine microorganisms.

While several theories exist, planetary scientists have struggled to determine how nutrient-rich surface ice can penetrate the thick ice shell to reach the ocean below.

Europa’s icy surface is geologically active due to the gravitational forces from Jupiter; however, ice movements primarily occur horizontally rather than vertically, which limits surface-to-ocean exchange.

Dr. Austin Green from Virginia Tech and Dr. Katherine Cooper from Washington State University sought inspiration from Earth to address the surface recycling challenge.

“This innovative concept in planetary science borrows from well-established principles in Earth science,” stated Dr. Green.

“Notably, this approach tackles one of Europa’s persistent habitability questions and offers hope for the existence of extraterrestrial life within its oceans.”

The researchers focused on the phenomenon of crustal delamination, where tectonic compression and chemical densification in Earth’s crust lead to the separation and sinking of crustal layers into the mantle.

They speculated whether this process could be relevant to Europa, especially since certain regions of its ice surface contain dense salt deposits.

Previous investigations indicate that impurities can weaken ice’s crystalline structure, making it less stable than pure ice.

However, delamination requires that the ice surface be compromised, enabling it to detach and submerge within the ice shell.

The researchers proposed that dense, salty ice, surrounded by purer ice, could sink within the ice shell, thereby facilitating the recycling of Europa’s surface and nourishing the ocean beneath.

Using computer simulations, they discovered that as long as the surface ice is somewhat weakened, nutrient-rich ice laden with salts can descend to the bottom of the ice shell.

This recycling process is swift and could serve as a reliable mechanism for providing essential nutrients to Europa’s oceans.

The team’s study has been published in the Planetary Science Journal.

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AP Green and CM Cooper. 2026. Dripping into destruction: Exploring the convergence of viscous surfaces with salt in Europa’s icy shell. Planetary Science Journal 7, 13; doi: 10.3847/PSJ/ae2b6f

Source: www.sci.news

Gene Removal Reverses Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice: Breakthrough Findings from Sciworthy

Posted on January 8, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Alzheimer’s disease presents significant challenges, transforming a cherished family member into someone who often fails to recognize their true self. Many individuals ponder the reasons behind the erosion of memories and personalities. Researchers have identified the primary driver of Alzheimer’s as the accumulation of a brain protein known as Tau.

Under normal circumstances, tau protein plays a crucial role in preserving the health of nerve cells by stabilizing the microtubules, which function as pathways for nutrient transport. However, in Alzheimer’s patients, tau protein becomes twisted and tangled, obstructing communication between cells. These tau tangles are now recognized by medical professionals as a defining characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, serving as indicators of cognitive decline.

Recent studies have shown that tau tangles correlate with diminished brain function in individuals affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene is closely linked to late-onset Alzheimer’s and may exacerbate tau tangling. This gene encodes a protein involved in transporting fats and cholesterol to nerve cells throughout the brain.

A team from the University of California, San Francisco, and the Gladstone Institute has discovered that eliminating APOE4 from nerve cells can mitigate cognitive issues associated with Alzheimer’s. Their research involved specially bred mice exhibiting tau tangles and various forms of the human APOE gene, specifically APOE4 and APOE3. The aim was to determine if APOE4 directly contributes to Alzheimer’s-related brain damage and if its removal could halt cognitive decline.

To investigate the impact of the APOE4 gene, the researchers introduced a virus containing abnormal tau protein into one side of each mouse’s hippocampus. When the mice reached 10 months of age, the team conducted various tests—including MRI scans, staining of brain regions, microscopy, brain activity assessments, and RNA sequencing—to analyze the accumulation of tau protein in the brains of those with and without the APOE4 gene.

The findings revealed significant discrepancies between the two groups. Mice with the APOE4 gene displayed a higher prevalence of tau tangles, a marked decline in brain function, and increased neuronal death, while those with the APOE3 gene exhibited minimal tau deposits and no cognitive decline.

Next, the researchers employed a protein linked to an enzyme called CRE to excise the APOE4 gene from mouse nerve cells, subsequently measuring tau levels with a specialized dye. The results indicated a significant reduction in tau tangles, dropping from nearly 50% to around 10%. In contrast, mice carrying the APOE3 gene saw an even smaller reduction from just under 10% to approximately 3%.

Additionally, a different dye was utilized to quantify amyloid plaques—another protein cluster frequently found in Alzheimer’s cases. The outcomes showed that, following removal of the APOE4 gene, amyloid plaque levels decreased from roughly 20% to less than 10%. Mice with the APOE3 gene, however, displayed no notable change, consistently maintaining around 10% amyloid plaques.

The researchers further analyzed the RNA of the mice to understand how APOE4 affects neurons and other brain cells. Their observations confirmed that the presence of APOE4 correlated with an uptick in Alzheimer’s-related brain cells. This finding helped illustrate that eliminating APOE4 from nerve cells resulted in diminished responses associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

In conclusion, the researchers determined that APOE4 is detrimental and may actively induce Alzheimer’s-like damage in the brains of mice. While further validation in human subjects is needed, the implications of this gene may pave the way for developing targeted therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Revolutionary Quantum Computing Breakthrough: Secure Methods for Backing Up Quantum Information

Posted on January 8, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Researchers from the University of Waterloo and Kyushu University have achieved a groundbreaking advancement in quantum computing by developing a novel method to create redundant, encrypted copies of qubits. This represents a pivotal step towards practical quantum cloud services and robust quantum infrastructure.

Google’s quantum computer – Image credit: Google.

In quantum mechanics, the no-cloning theorem asserts that creating an identical copy of an unknown quantum state is impossible.

Dr. Achim Kempf from the University of Waterloo and Dr. Koji Yamaguchi from Kyushu University emphasize that this fundamental rule remains intact.

However, they have demonstrated a method to generate multiple encrypted versions of a single qubit.

“This significant breakthrough facilitates quantum cloud storage solutions, such as quantum Dropbox, quantum Google Drive, and quantum STACKIT, enabling the secure storage of identical quantum information across multiple servers as redundant encrypted backups,” said Dr. Kemp.

“This development is a crucial step towards establishing a comprehensive quantum computing infrastructure.”

“Quantum computing offers immense potential, particularly for addressing complex problems, but it also introduces unique challenges.”

“One major difficulty in quantum computing is the no-duplication theorem, which dictates that quantum information cannot be directly copied.”

“This limitation arises from the delicate nature of quantum information storage.”

According to the researchers, quantum information functions analogously to splitting passwords.

“If you possess half of a password while your partner holds the other half, neither can be utilized independently. However, when both sections are combined, a valuable password emerges,” Dr. Kemp remarked.

“In a similar manner, qubits are unique in that they can share information in exponentially growing ways as they interconnect.”

“A single qubit’s information is minimal; however, linking multiple qubits allows them to collectively store substantial amounts of information that only materializes when interconnected.”

“This exceptional capability of sharing information across numerous qubits is known as quantum entanglement.”

“With 100 qubits, information can be simultaneously shared in 2^100 different ways, allowing for a level of shared entangled information far exceeding that of current classical computers.”

“Despite the vast potential of quantum computing, the no-cloning theorem restricts its applications.”

“Unlike classical computing, where duplicating information for sharing and backup is a common practice, quantum computing lacks a simple ‘copy and paste’ mechanism.”

“We have uncovered a workaround for the non-replicability theorem of quantum information,” explained Dr. Yamaguchi.

“Our findings reveal that by encrypting quantum information during duplication, we can create as many copies as desired.”

“This method circumvents the no-clonability theorem because when an encrypted copy is selected and decrypted, the decryption key is automatically rendered unusable; it functions as a one-time key.”

“Nevertheless, even one-time keys facilitate crucial applications such as redundant and encrypted quantum cloud services.”

The team’s research will be published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

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Koji Yamaguchi & Achim Kempf. 2026. Encrypted qubits can be cloned. Physical Review Letters in press. arXiv: 2501.02757

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Songbird Species in Bolivia: A Major Ornithological Breakthrough

Posted on January 6, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Deep within Bolivia’s seasonally flooded savannah, a small olive-green songbird has eluded scientific classification for decades. After 60 years of misidentification, ornithologists have finally confirmed that this bird is not merely a regional variant within the genus Hylophilus. It represents a completely new species. This discovery adds to South America’s rich avian diversity and underscores the vast unknowns still present within even well-studied bird families.

Hylophilus moxensis) in its habitat near San Ramon, Beni, Bolivia, on January 10, 2024.” width=”580″ height=”426″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/01/image_14464-Hylophilus-moxensis.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/01/image_14464-Hylophilus-moxensis-300×220.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/01/image_14464-Hylophilus-moxensis-104×75.jpg 104w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Beni Greenlet (Hylophilus moxensis), January 10, 2024, in its habitat near San Ramon, Beni, Bolivia. Observe the pale brownish-gray pinnae, dark lore, the base of the dark commissures, the clefts across the crown and frontal area, and the dark iris. Image credit: Tini Wijpkema.

The newly identified species belongs to the Hylophilus genus, part of the Vireonidae family, which includes vireos, greenlets, and shrikes.

With the scientific name Hylophilus moxensis (common name: Beni Greenlet), this bird thrives in the wet scrublands of Bolivia’s Beni Savannah, an ecologically unique area also known as Llanos de Moxos.

The species was first noted by ornithologists in 1960 but was initially thought to be an isolated population of two similar species found in Brazil: the Rufous-Clown Greenlet (Hylophilus poirotis) and the Gray Greenlet (Hylophilus amaurocephalus).

“Morphological differences among many Hylophilus Greenlet species are subtle. Most display shades of green, gray, yellow, and brown,” explains Dr. Paul Van Els, an ornithologist at the National Museum of History in La Paz, Bolivia. He and his colleagues detailed their findings in a recent paper.

“For certain species, iris color is one of the most effective traits to differentiate them from similarly appearing relatives.”

By analyzing one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, the research team clarified the uncertainty surrounding this population.

Results revealed that the Beni population is distinct from known species and is more closely related to Hylophilus poirotis and Hylophilus amaurocephalus, which diverged approximately 6.6 million years ago.

In contrast, the latter two species separated from one another about 3.5 million years ago.

Van Els and his team also conducted comprehensive analyses of facial plumage, eye color, and vocalizations.

Research indicates that the Hylophilus moxensis can be uniquely identified by the absence of black or brown markings behind the ears, a trait consistently found in closely related species, along with uniformly dark brown eyes and a distinctive vocal pattern.

In vocal studies, researchers observed that this species’ calls feature “V-shaped notes,” and their vocalizations include overtones reminiscent of female Hylophilus amaurocephalus calls—a unique combination not shared with either comparative species.

The discovery of Hylophilus moxensis contributes to a growing list of endemic species found in the Beni savannah.

While scientists currently do not regard this species as threatened with extinction, they caution that extensive agricultural burning poses significant threats to the region’s biodiversity.

“Recognizing Hylophilus moxensis should enhance conservation priorities in this area,” the authors noted.

“Rampant agricultural burning poses a serious risk to the region’s biodiversity.”

“Though we cannot accurately estimate the population size of Hylophilus moxensis, we do not currently consider it at risk of extinction, as there remains extensive suitable habitat.”

“However, the relatively low number of sightings might indicate issues beyond mere observer rarity, potentially reflecting a truly localized population.”

The team’s paper was published online on January 1, 2026, in the journal Bird Systematics.

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Paul Van Els et al. 2026. A new species of greenlet from Bolivia: Hylophilus moxensis (Vireonidae). Bird Systematics, 3(3):17-37

Source: www.sci.news

2026: The Next Landmark Year for Breakthrough Weight Loss Medications

Posted on January 6, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Travel Pix Pro/Getty Images

Many individuals set New Year’s resolutions to lose weight, particularly following the holiday festivities. Traditionally, this involved adopting a new diet, waking up early for workouts, and other habits that can be challenging to sustain. Consequently, it’s no surprise that numerous people abandon their goals within weeks.

Today, however, an alternative has emerged: weight loss medications. Instead of solely depending on lifestyle changes, individuals can benefit from regular doses of GLP-1 agonists or other therapeutic tablets (as highlighted on page 6). Health professionals still recommend integrating these medications with consistent physical activity for optimal results.

GLP-1 drugs are not only transforming our cyclical health regimens. Restaurants are now crafting menus specifically for Ozempic diners, featuring smaller portion sizes for customers who experience reduced appetite. Additionally, supermarkets have reported declines in sales due to decreased demand from those using these medications. Airlines are also considering the implications, as decreased average passenger weight could lower fuel expenses.

While it’s unclear how much these trends can be attributed to GLP-1 drugs—which are currently used by a minority—and the extent of their impact on brands reacting to this health trend, the statistics surrounding obesity are alarming. Approximately 1 billion individuals globally are affected by obesity, and the adoption of these medications is expected to rise. According to World Health Organization estimates, fewer than 10 percent of people will utilize GLP-1 drugs by 2030, yet this still represents a substantial demographic.

“
Restaurants are designing menus featuring reduced portions for Ozempic diners.
“

New advancements in medication are in development (refer to page 7), and the potential impacts could be even more significant. Beyond weight reduction, GLP-1 agonists have shown promise in treating various conditions, from addiction to eye diseases like cataracts.

While there remain numerous uncertainties regarding the long-term consequences, the results of discontinuation, and enhancing accessibility, the future appears bright. As we advance further into the 21st century, weight loss drugs are poised to play a crucial role in shaping health and wellness trends.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Will 2026 Mark the Breakthrough of Quantum Computers in Chemistry?

Posted on December 31, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Quantum Computers: Solutions for Chemistry Challenges

Marijan Murat/DPA/Alamy

One of the critical questions in the quantum computing sector is whether these advanced machines can solve practical problems in fields like chemistry. Researchers in industrial and medical chemistry are poised to provide insights by 2026.

The complexity of determining the structure, reactivity, and other properties of molecules is inherently a quantum problem, primarily involving electrons. As molecular structures grow increasingly complex, these calculations become challenging, sometimes even surpassing the capabilities of traditional supercomputers.

Quantum computers, being inherently quantum, have a potential advantage in tackling these complex chemical calculations. As these computers develop and become more seamlessly integrated with conventional systems, they are gaining traction in the chemistry sector.

For instance, in 2025, IBM and the Japanese Institute of Scientific Research collaborated, employing quantum computers alongside supercomputers to model various molecules. Google researchers have also been innovating algorithms that unveil molecular structures. Additionally, RIKEN researchers are teaming up with Quantinuum to create efficient workflows, allowing quantum computers to calculate molecular energy with remarkable precision. Notably, the quantum computing software platform Kunova Computing introduced an algorithm that reportedly operates ten times more efficiently than traditional methods for energy calculations.

Progress is expected to expedite by 2026 as quantum computers become more advanced. “Future larger machines will allow us to create enhanced workflows, ultimately solving prevalent quantum chemistry problems,” states David Muñoz Ramo from Quantinuum. While his team currently focuses on hydrogen molecules, they foresee stepping into more intricate structures, such as catalysts for industrial reactions.

Other research entities are making strides in similar areas. In December, Microsoft announced a partnership with Algorithmiq, a quantum software startup, aimed at accelerating the development of quantum algorithms for chemistry. Furthermore, a study by Hyperion Research highlights chemistry as a focal area for advancement and investment in quantum computing, ranking it as one of the most promising applications in annual surveys.

However, meaningful progress in quantum chemical calculations depends on achieving error-free or fault-tolerant quantum computers, which will also unlock other potential applications for these devices. As Philip Schleich and Alan Aspuru-Guzik emphasized in a commentary for Science magazine, the ability of quantum computers to outperform classical computers hinges on the development of fault-tolerant algorithms. Thankfully, achieving fault tolerance is a widely accepted goal among quantum computer manufacturers worldwide.

Source: www.newscientist.com

New Study Unveils Breakthrough Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease Recovery by Targeting Cellular Energy Deficits

Posted on December 31, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has long been deemed irreversible. However, a groundbreaking study by scientists from Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, and the Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center reveals that treatment for advanced Alzheimer’s disease can be reversed. Through extensive research on both preclinical mouse models and human brain samples, the team discovered that the brain’s failure to maintain normal levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), the crucial energy molecule of cells, significantly contributes to the onset of Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, sustaining an appropriate NAD+ balance may not only prevent but also reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s disease severity correlates with NAD+ homeostatic dysregulation. Image credit: Chaubey et al., doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102535.

Historically, Alzheimer’s disease, the primary cause of dementia, has been regarded as irreversible since its identification over a century ago, and it is expected to impact more than 150 million individuals globally by 2050.

Current therapies focused on amyloid beta (Aβ) and clinical symptoms offer limited benefits, underscoring the urgent need for complimentary and alternative treatment options.

Intriguingly, individuals with autosomal dominant AD mutations can remain symptom-free for decades, while others without Alzheimer’s neuropathology maintain cognitive function despite having numerous amyloid plaques.

These insights indicate potential intrinsic brain resilience mechanisms that may slow or halt disease progression, suggesting that enhancing these processes could enhance recovery from Alzheimer’s disease.

NAD+ homeostasis plays a pivotal role in cellular resilience against oxidative stress, DNA damage, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier degradation, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, deficits in synaptic plasticity, and overall neurodegeneration.

In a recent study, Professor Andrew Pieper and his team from Case Western Reserve University discovered that NAD+ levels decrease significantly in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients, a trend also observed in mouse models.

While Alzheimer’s disease is unique to humans, it can be effectively modeled using genetically engineered mice that carry mutations linked to human Alzheimer’s disease.

The researchers utilized two distinct mouse models: one with multiple human mutations affecting amyloid processing and another with a human mutation in the tau protein.

Both models exhibited Alzheimer’s-like brain pathology, including blood-brain barrier degradation, axonal degeneration, neuroinflammation, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, diminished synaptic transmission, and excessive oxidative damage.

They also developed cognitive impairments typical of Alzheimer’s patients.

Upon discovering the sharp decline in NAD+ levels in both humans and mice with Alzheimer’s, the scientists investigated whether preserving NAD+ levels before disease onset and restoring them after significant disease progression could prevent or reverse Alzheimer’s.

This research builds upon prior work showing potential recovery by restoring NAD+ balance following severe brain injuries.

The team achieved NAD+ balance restoration using a well-known pharmacological agent, P7C3-A20.

Remarkably, maintaining NAD+ balance not only shielded mice from developing Alzheimer’s but also enabled brain recovery from key pathological changes even when treatment was delayed in advanced disease stages.

Subsequently, both mouse strains fully regained cognitive function, accompanied by normalized levels of phosphorylated tau-217—a recently recognized clinical biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease in humans—confirming the restoration of cognitive function and highlighting a potential biomarker for future Alzheimer’s disease reversal trials.

“We are excited and hopeful about these results,” said Professor Pieper.

“Restoring brain energy balance led to both pathological and functional recovery in mice with advanced Alzheimer’s disease.”

“Observing this effect across two different animal models, driven by distinct genetic causes, reinforces the notion that recovery from progressive Alzheimer’s disease may be achievable through the restoration of brain NAD+ balance.”

These findings encourage a shift in how researchers, clinicians, and patients perceive treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease moving forward.

“The key takeaway is one of hope. Alzheimer’s disease effects may not necessarily be permanent,” noted Professor Pieper.

“Under certain conditions, the damaged brain can self-repair and regain functionality.”

“Through our research, we not only demonstrated a drug-based method for promoting recovery in animal models but also identified candidate proteins in human AD brains that may aid in reversing the disease,” remarked Dr. Kalyani Chaubey, a researcher at Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals.

While current commercially available NAD+ precursors have been shown to elevate cellular NAD+ to unsafe levels—potentially promoting cancer—the pharmacological approach of this study employs P7C3-A20, which allows cells to maintain optimal NAD+ levels under stress without elevating them excessively.

“This is a crucial consideration for patient care, and clinicians should explore therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the brain’s energy balance as a viable path toward disease recovery,” Professor Pieper concluded.

For more detailed information, see the study findings published in Cell Reports Medicine.

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Kalyani Chaubey et al. Pharmacological reversal of advanced Alzheimer’s disease in mice and identification of potential therapeutic nodes in the human brain. Cell Reports Medicine, published online on December 22, 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102535

Source: www.sci.news