Quantum Computers Require Classical Computing for Real-World Applications

Quantum Machine Professor Jonathan Cohen presenting at the AQC25 conference

Quantum Machines

Classical computers are emerging as a critical component in maximizing the functionality of quantum computers. This was a key takeaway from this month’s assembly of researchers who emphasized that classical systems are vital for managing quantum computers, interpreting their outputs, and enhancing future quantum computing methodologies.

Quantum computers operate on qubits—quantum entities manifesting as extremely cold atoms or miniature superconducting circuits. The computational capability of a quantum computer scales with the number of qubits it possesses.

Yet, qubits are delicate and necessitate meticulous tuning, oversight, and governance. Should these conditions not be met, the computations conducted may yield inaccuracies, rendering the devices less efficient. To manage qubits effectively, researchers utilize classical computing methods. The AQC25 conference held on November 14th in Boston, Massachusetts, addressed these challenges.

Sponsored by Quantum Machines, a company specializing in controllers for various qubit types, the AQC25 conference gathered over 150 experts, including quantum computing scholars and CEOs from AI startups. Through numerous presentations, attendees elaborated on the enabling technologies vital for the future of quantum computing and how classical computing sometimes acts as a constraint.

Per Shane Caldwell, sustainable fault-tolerant quantum computers designed to tackle practical problems are only expected to materialize with a robust classical computing framework that operates at petascale—similar to today’s leading supercomputers. Although Nvidia does not produce quantum hardware, it has recently introduced a system that links quantum processors (QPUs) to traditional GPUs, which are commonly employed in machine learning and high-performance scientific computing.

Even in optimal operations, the results from a quantum computer reflect a series of quantum properties of the qubits. To utilize this data effectively, it requires translation into conventional formats, a process that again relies on classical computing resources.

Pooya Lonar from Vancouver-based startup 1Qbit discussed this translation process and its implications, noting that the performance speed of fault-tolerant quantum computers can often hinge on the operational efficiency of classical components such as controllers and decoders. This means that whether a sophisticated quantum machine operates for hours or days to solve a problem might depend significantly on its classical components.

In another presentation, Benjamin Lienhardt from the Walter Meissner Institute for Cryogenic Research in Germany, presented findings on how traditional machine learning algorithms can facilitate the interpretation of quantum states in superconducting qubits. Similarly, Mark Saffman from the University of Wisconsin-Madison highlighted using classical neural networks to enhance the readout of qubits derived from ultra-cold atoms. Researchers unanimously agreed that non-quantum devices are instrumental in unlocking the potential of various qubit types.

IBM’s Blake Johnson shared insights into a classical decoder his team is developing as part of an ambitious plan to create a quantum supercomputer by 2029. This endeavor will employ unconventional error correction strategies, making the efficient decoding process a significant hurdle.

“As we progress, the trend will shift increasingly towards classical [computing]. The closer one approaches the QPU, the more you can optimize your system’s overall performance,” stated Jonathan Cohen from Quantum Machines.

Classical computing is also instrumental in assessing the design and functionality of future quantum systems. For instance, Izhar Medalcy, co-founder of the startup Quantum Elements, discussed how an AI-powered virtual model of a quantum computer, often referred to as a “digital twin,” can inform actual hardware design decisions.

Representatives from the Quantum Scaling Alliance, co-led by 2025 Nobel Laureate John Martinis, were also present at the conference. This reflects the importance of collaboration between quantum and classical computing realms, bringing together qubit developers, traditional computing giants like Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and computational materials specialists such as the software company Synopsys.

The collective sentiment at the conference was unmistakable. The future of quantum computing is on the horizon, bolstered significantly by experts who have excelled in classical computing environments.

Topics:

  • Computing/
  • Quantum Computing

Source: www.newscientist.com

Unexpectedly Valuable Mathematical Patterns in Real-World Data

“When you search for stock market prices, you may see patterns…”

Muhla1/Getty Images

Flipping through the front page of a newspaper, one is greeted by a myriad of numbers—metrics about populations, lengths, areas, and more. If you were to extract these figures and compile them into a list, it might seem like a random assortment.

However, these figures are not as arbitrary as they may appear. In reality, the leading digit of many numbers, such as total revenues or building heights, tends to be predominantly the number 1. While true randomness would suggest that each digit has an equal chance of leading, the actual data shows that about one-third of the time, the first digit is a 1. The number 9, interestingly, appears as the leading digit in about 5% of cases, with other digits following such a trend.

This phenomenon is referred to as Benford’s Law, which illustrates the expected distribution of first digits within a dataset of a certain type—especially those spanning a wide, unspecified range. Although values like human height (where numbers are confined within a limited spectrum) or dates (which also have defined limits) don’t follow this law, others do.

Consider checking your bank balance, numbering a house, or analyzing stock prices (as displayed). Such numbers commonly exhibit a distribution with varied digit lengths. In neighborhoods with just a handful of houses, you might see a balance of numbers, whereas in larger towns, hundreds may share similar leading digits.

Picture a street hosting nine houses. The proportion of leading digits resembles an even split among the nine options. Conversely, on a street with 19 houses, a larger fraction—often over fifty percent—will begin with 1. As the housing number increases, this pattern persists. With 100 houses, you would observe a fairly uniform distribution across all digits, yet with 200 occupants, once again, more than half will typically start with 1.

Due to the diverse origins of data in real-world collections, the average likelihood of seeing numbers that start with 1 fluctuates between these two extremes. Similar calculations can be made for other digits, resulting in an overall frequency distribution observable in extensive datasets.

This characteristic is particularly useful in identifying potential data fabrication. When analyzing a company’s financial records, a Benford-like distribution is expected in their sales figures. However, when someone generates random numbers, the frequency distribution of the leading digits lacks a defined curve. This principle serves as one of the many tools forensic accountants employ to root out dubious activities.

The next time you examine your bank statement or compare river lengths, take note of how often those numbers start with 1.

Katie Steckles is a mathematician, lecturer, YouTuber, and author based in Manchester, UK. She also contributes advice to Brent Wister, a puzzle column for New Scientist. Follow her @stecks

For additional projects, please visit newscientist.com/maker

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Everything Rises: How Games Empower Players to Address Real-World Issues

The demonstration opens with the success of lawyer Kuiri, who has just presented an argument in court advocating for the rivers of a fictional Indian city, Mujiris, to possess the same rights as individuals. Kuyili cites legal precedents, noting that businesses can represent themselves in court just as people do.

The thrill of this landmark triumph is short-lived, as a massive oil spill contaminates the river, igniting flames and releasing toxic smoke that engulfs nearby areas. Realizing the catastrophic impact of such pollution, Kuyili and her team embark on an investigation.

Everything Ascends is fundamentally a deck-building game centered around oral debates. To equip for crucial discussions, we initially dispatch Kuyili and her colleagues to gather insights from community members. These excursions will yield your game cards. Claim cards evoke different emotions, each holding varying credibility depending on the gathered information. For instance, if you assert that a company’s illegal waste disposal causes river pollution, you can challenge the other party; yet, if this claim lacks supporting evidence, it may be dismissed.




Oral sparring… everything rises. Photo: Speculative Agency

Initially, there’s much to grasp, but card-based interactions showcase the multitude of directions conversations can take. The Developer Speculation Agency draws inspiration from courtroom comedies like ACE Lawyers, where exclamations like “Object!” resonate! Achieving your aim is not always guaranteed here.

“Engaging in conversations involves partnering with others,” remarks Niels Monshower, co-founder and producer of the Speculative Agency. “In Dutch, we use the term gesprekspartner, which means conversation partner, emphasizing shared dialogue.”

Throughout conversations and information collection, characters expend emotional energy. This energy relies on what they can draw upon to either engage in behavioral actions or simply stay informed. “Observing the world around us brings about shared pain,” states story director Megna Jayance. “Every interaction, however, can instill feelings of empowerment, strength, and joy. Many people strive to make a difference. Don’t isolate yourself. Organize and collaborate. That’s where strength lies.”

Everything Rises isn’t confined to India. Each chapter illuminates environmental challenges in different global regions and highlights local resistance efforts. “We haven’t finalized our choices yet, but we’re considering Puerto Rico, the Netherlands, and possibly Nigeria,” shares Monshower. “The initial focus is on pollution, corporate exploitation, and corruption in local governance. Additionally, we are exploring themes like biodiversity loss, climate change, and seabed destruction due to mining.”




“Inappropriate joy”… Everything rises. Photo: Speculative Agency

The Speculation Agency is preparing a Kickstarter campaign to fund the game, aiming to include countries where the developers reside. A significant influence for the studio is Joost Vervoort, an associate professor at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, who specializes in the intersection of gaming and sustainability. Vervoort’s Research Group Anticiplay has already examined how to integrate climate crisis themes into the game, aiming to empower players with factual insights about climate activity.

The team identified considerable room for improvement in how games address real-world issues. “In our initial discussions, we noted two primary categories of games tackling climate change, pollution, or social disruptions: Green God Games and Toxic Wasteland Games,” notes Monshower.

“Toxic Wasteland Games depict an inevitable collapse as the backdrop, conveying a message of despair. Green God Games place you in the role of an all-powerful entity deciding where to position the magical machine that cleans the pollution. Hero.”

Tackling such heavy themes can be challenging, but Jayance insists that the game is fundamentally enjoyable. The team even described it as “improperly joyous.” “It’s easy to argue that feeling joy in today’s world is inappropriate,” explains Jayance, who has leveraged his position in the gaming sector for advocacy. “Yet, Joy Powers Transformation. Likewise, anger is a prevalent emotion in the game. However, as a team, we believe that hope is the most constructive political reaction to the challenges we face.”

Ultimately, Everything Rises aims to demonstrate that it’s never too late to engage in activism, despite the formidable challenges that may arise. “Our ideal outcome for the game would be if someone felt inspired to take action,” said Jayance. “Activism encompasses more than just participating in demonstrations; I hope people feel encouraged to explore their options.”

Everything Rises is scheduled for release on PC, with the date yet to be confirmed.

Source: www.theguardian.com

AI enhances radiologists’ ability to detect breast cancer in real-world exams

Radiologists can benefit from AI assistance

Amelie Benoist/BSIP/Universal Images Group via Getty

Artificial intelligence models can actually help detect cancer and reduce the burden on doctors, according to the largest study of its kind. Radiologists who chose to use AI were able to identify an additional 1 in 1,000 breast cancers.

Alexander Katalinic and his colleagues at the University of Lübeck in Germany worked with about 200 board-certified radiologists to test an AI trained to identify signs of breast cancer from mammograms. Radiologists examined 461,818 women at 12 breast cancer screening centers in Germany between July 2021 and February 2023, allowing each woman to choose whether or not to use AI. As a result, 260,739 patients were examined by AI and a radiologist, and the remaining 201,079 patients were examined by a radiologist only.

Those who chose to use AI were able to detect breast cancer at a rate of 6.7 per 1000 scans. This is 17.6% higher than the 5.7 cases per 1000 scans for people who chose not to use AI. Similarly, when women diagnosed with suspected cancer underwent a biopsy, women diagnosed with AI were 64.5% more likely to undergo a biopsy in which cancer cells were found. Among women for whom AI was not used, the rate was 59.2%.

The scale of improvement in breast cancer detection with AI is “very positive and exceeded our expectations,” Katalinic said in a statement. “We were able to demonstrate that AI significantly improves cancer detection rates in breast cancer screening.”

“The goal was to show noninferiority,” says Stefan Bank of Vara, an AI company also participating in the study. “If we can prove that AI is as good as radiologists, it becomes an interesting scenario where we can reduce the workload. We were surprised that we were able to show an advantage.”

Over-reliance on AI in healthcare is a concern for some, as it risks missing signs of symptoms and could lead to a two-tiered treatment system where those who can pay are afforded the luxury of human touch. are. Radiologists spent less time examining scans that the AI ​​had already suggested were “normal,” meaning cancer was unlikely to be present, and scans that the AI ​​could not examine took an average of 16 seconds to examine. In contrast, there is some evidence that radiologists spend less time performing exams. Not classified. But these latest discoveries have been welcomed by those who specialize in the safe implementation of AI in healthcare.

“This study provides further evidence of the benefits of AI in breast cancer screening and should be a further wake-up call for policymakers to accelerate the adoption of AI,” she said. Ben Glocker At Imperial College London. “The results confirm what we have seen time and time again: With the right integration strategy, the use of AI is safe and effective.”

He welcomes the study's ability to empower radiologists to make their own decisions about when to use AI, and hopes to see more testing of AI in a similar way. . “This cannot be easily evaluated in the lab or in simulations, and instead we need to learn from real-world experience,” Glocker says. “The technology is ready. We need policies to follow now.”

topic:

  • cancer /
  • artificial intelligence

Source: www.newscientist.com

Ondo Finance Introduces Real-World Assets and High-Yield Stablecoin USDY to Sui on Blockchain Platform

Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, February 7, 2024, Chainwire

Ondo’s upcoming integration of Sui will provide native access to new tokenized assets such as on-chain treasuries, securities, and stablecoins.

Sui, a Layer 1 blockchain that has seen explosive growth since its launch eight months ago, today announced that Ondo Finance is expanding into the Sui ecosystem. With this expansion, Sui Network’s first native dollar-denominated token (including stablecoins and interest-bearing stablecoin alternatives) will be available in the form of Ondo USD Yield or “USDY” (a U.S. Treasury-backed interest-bearing token issued by Ondo).

Ondo’s expansion to Sui further builds on Sui’s ferocious DeFi momentum and demonstrates the growth and demand for financial applications and native on-chain functionality. Sui’s DeFi volume has increased over 1200% since October, and Sui recently ranked in the top 10 of his DeFi ecosystem as measured by TVL.

Ondo Finance is the third largest platform bringing tokenized derivatives of real-world assets onto public blockchains, with $185 million in new TVL launches in the first week of late January There is over $1 billion in governance token transactions. In addition to stablecoins, Ondo’s flagship Treasury-backed tokens, tokenized securities, and real-world assets create countless new opportunities for Sui-based teams.

Ondo’s expansion into the Sui ecosystem also continues the trend of top projects actively choosing to integrate into Sui. For example, in December 2023, Solend, the leading Solana lending protocol, announced the launch of a Sui-native lending protocol, and decentralized derivatives exchange Bluefin similarly announced the launch of V1 Arbitrum to focus entirely on Sui. Implementation finished.

“People using our platform expect fast and efficient transactions, which should be essential for any blockchain project,” said Nathan Allman, Founder and CEO of Ondo. ”. “Sui’s growth and network performance clearly confirms that the network is a great fit for his Ondo ecosystem.”

Tokenized Treasury products represent tradable tokens backed by real-world assets, and their presence on Sui is an important step toward growing DeFi across the ecosystem and industry. It becomes.

“Ondo is an amazing addition to the Sui ecosystem, creating new opportunities for Sui builders and developers, and creating a stablecoin-like offering with native yield that provides essential new functionality to users of their applications. Provide assets.” Sui Foundation. “Sui’s DeFi volume is already growing at an incredible rate, and the addition of Ondo will make that trajectory even stronger. I'm looking forward to seeing how you use it.”

contact

Sui Foundation
media@sui.io

Source: the-blockchain.com