Exploring the Physics Behind Stranger Things: Beyond the Ending

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Even the Strangest Theories

This vacation, many fans spent their time reflecting on the final episode of Stranger Things. We experienced laughter, tears, and heated discussions about the storyline—especially its conclusion. Can we really say it was a fitting ending like Return of the King? (In our opinion, it was.)

In today’s online culture, vocal fan backlash is common. Some theorized that the finale was merely a ruse, leading to wild claims like “Conformity Gate” (not our term!). They argue that despite its two-hour runtime and cinematic release, the concluding episode was just a setup for a secret final episode, set to air this January. Critics point to a continuity error that suggests the entire narrative was an illusion crafted by Vecna, the mind-controlling antagonist.

Initially, we found these theories unconvincing, especially since the criticisms revolved around minor details. After all, the show itself defies physics—should we really be worried about the color of a graduation gown?

For newcomers, the storyline of Stranger Things unfolds in a small Indiana town beset by a secretive government lab conducting dangerous experiments. Spoiler alert: these experiments inadvertently open a portal to the “Upside Down,” a horrifying alternate dimension that mirrors the town, albeit in a more sinister light. Ultimately, it’s revealed that this Upside Down functions as a wormhole to yet another realm known as the Abyss.

If the Upside Down is indeed a wormhole, what then is the swirling red object levitating above? Some describe it as containing “exotic matter,” a theoretical substance crucial for stabilizing a genuine wormhole (although its existence remains unproven). This complicates matters further since the entrance to the Abyss exists in the Upside Down’s skies.

We’ve contemplated this for weeks, yet the whirling object’s purpose remains a mystery. Why does shooting it with a gun liquefy its surroundings, while an explosion obliterates the entire Upside Down? Wouldn’t such destruction release enough energy to obliterate a significant part of the East Coast?

Perhaps physicists focused on adaptive gate theory should tackle the bizarre phenomena within the Upside Down. There could be a Nobel Prize—or at least an Ig Nobel Prize—waiting for someone who can crack these mysteries.

Sparkling Sports Benefits

What could be more exhilarating than attending a live sports event? The thrill comes from being part of the crowd, cheering on your favorite players. But what if drinking soda while cheering made it even more enjoyable?

Alice Klein, a reporter, highlighted a study that demonstrated that spectators at a women’s college basketball game experienced greater enjoyment and a stronger sense of belonging when they consumed sparkling water instead of plain water. The researchers noted, “Drinking sparkling water together serves as a low-impact, non-alcoholic ritual, fostering social connection during and after live sports events.”

While Alice found this perspective amusing, editor Jacob Aaron defended the research: “They studied 40 individuals; what more could they need?” Readers may form their own opinions on the validity of this evidence. Nonetheless, we want to draw attention to the “competing interests” stated in the research paper, which we won’t comment on further. Here’s the statement:

“This study received funding from Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd. WK and SM are employees of Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd. The authors declare that this funding had no influence on the study design, methodology, analysis, or interpretation of the results. The sponsor has no control over the interpretation, writing, or publication of this study.”

AI Mistakes and Missteps

Reader Peter Brooker reached out to suggest a new section titled “AI Bloopers.” After using a well-known search engine, he was astounded to discover that the AI confidently asserted the first six prime numbers were 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.

We believe this section has long existed, albeit without a formal name. In fact, we often discuss how frequently to highlight these AI blunders. A weekly column could easily be filled with AI failures, but we worry it may become monotonous.

In line with Peter’s suggestion, Ghent University’s new rector, Petra de Sutter, found herself in hot water after using AI to generate her opening speech. It included fabricated quotes purportedly from Albert Einstein.

As reported by Brussels Times: “Impressively, De Sutter warned about the dangers of AI in her speech, advising that AI-generated content should not be ‘blindly trusted’ and that such text is ‘not always easy to distinguish from the original work.’”

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Brandon Sanderson and Stranger Things Novel Crowned Best New Science Fiction Release of December 2025

Netflix’s adaptation of The Electric State. Author Simon Stålenhag has a new book releasing this month.

Netflix

<p>December typically sees a slowdown in new publishing releases, and this year is no exception, with a notable decline in fresh science fiction offerings. Nevertheless, there are still some captivating titles available this month. I'm excited about an upcoming book from artist and author Simon Stålenhag, a new dystopian illustrated work, a mystically-themed Russian novel, and the concluding part of Bethany Jacobs' fantastic space opera series. If you’re interested in a classic, Jacobs previously wrote for the New Scientist Book Club about the influence of the late Ian M. Banks on her world-building. The club is currently exploring Banks’ iconic culture novel, <em>game player</em> – we welcome you to join us.</p>

<p>The creator of <em>electric nation</em> is getting a Netflix adaptation, promising another visually striking tale set in a deserted Swedish military installation. Two young men venture into a restricted area on a remote Swedish island, where a “giant future machine” awaits within a “retro-future dystopia.” What’s particularly exciting is that Stålenhag is both an artist and a writer, known for other notable works like <em>stories from the loop</em> and <em>what came from the flood</em>.</p>

<p><figure class="ArticleImage"><div class="Image__Wrapper"><img class="Image" alt="New scientist. Our website and magazine feature science news and long reads by expert journalists covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment." width="1350" height="899" src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg" srcset="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=2006 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 1288px) 837px, (min-width: 1024px) calc(57.5vw + 55px), (min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(70vw + 74px)" loading="lazy" data-image-context="Article" data-image-id="2506419" data-caption="In Edge of Oblivion, the world is on the brink of war" data-credit="Shutterstock / Andrea Danti"/></div><figcaption class="ArticleImageCaption"><div class="ArticleImageCaption__CaptionWrapper"><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Title">In Edge of Oblivion, the world is on the brink of war</p><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Credit">Shutterstock / Andrea Danti</p></div></figcaption></figure></p>

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<p>This science fiction thriller features computer scientist Mitch and his quantum AI, Amy, stationed in space, responsible for the United States' safety as global tensions rise. When an interstellar probe malfunctions, distorting time and space, Mitch and Amy must work together to avert humanity's extinction.</p>

<p>Bethany Jacobs, who received the Philip K. Dick Award for her first novel in the Kingdom trilogy, <em>burning stars</em>, concludes her space opera series with <em>this cruel moon</em>, as conflict erupts and the colonies fight for their freedoms.</p>

<p>The premise of this translated novel intrigues me: the residents of a Russian village wake up to find that the road to the highway has vanished. Any attempt to leave leads them back to the village. Venturing into the forest results in disappearances, or returns as alternate versions of themselves. Modern technology and the internet have vanished, and the forests are becoming increasingly familiar...</p>

<p><figure class="ArticleImage"><div class="Image__Wrapper"><img class="Image" alt="New scientist. Our website and magazine feature science news and long reads by expert journalists covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment." width="1350" height="900" src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg" srcset="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=2006 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 1288px) 837px, (min-width: 1024px) calc(57.5vw + 55px), (min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(70vw + 74px)" loading="lazy" data-image-context="Article" data-image-id="2506418" data-caption="In The Village at the Edge of Noon, if you go into the woods, you vanish..." data-credit="Zeferli/iStockphoto/Getty Images"/></div><figcaption class="ArticleImageCaption"><div class="ArticleImageCaption__CaptionWrapper"><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Title">``Midday Village'' disappears when you enter the forest...</p><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Credit">Zeferli/iStockphoto/Getty Images</p></div></figcaption></figure></p>

<p>I usually don't engage much with TV tie-in novels, but I’m currently obsessed with the latest series of <em>stranger things</em>, especially since one of the writers is involved. The narrative unfolds two months after Season 4, with Nancy and Robin delving into a new mystery while pursuing Vecna. But could their latest escapade connect to the Upside Down in some way?</p>

<p>A new short story collection from the bestselling author Sanderson explores both science fiction and fantasy, including tales from his Cosmere universe and a new novella titled <em>Zero moment</em>. The collection also features insights into Sanderson's writing process.</p>

<p><figure class="ArticleImage"><div class="Image__Wrapper"><img class="Image" alt="New scientist. Our website and magazine feature science news and long reads by expert journalists covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment." width="1350" height="900" src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg" srcset="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=2006 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 1288px) 837px, (min-width: 1024px) calc(57.5vw + 55px), (min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(70vw + 74px)" loading="lazy" data-image-context="Article" data-image-id="2506422" data-caption="Natalia Dyer as Nancy Wheeler in Stranger Things: Season 5" data-credit="Netflix 2025"/></div><figcaption class="ArticleImageCaption"><div class="ArticleImageCaption__CaptionWrapper"><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Title">Natalia Dyer as Nancy Wheeler in Stranger Things: Season 5</p><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Credit">Netflix 2025</p></div></figcaption></figure></p>

<h2><a href="https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/robin-cook/spasm/9781035079179"><em>convulsions</em></a> Written by Robin Cook</h2>

<p>This isn’t strictly science fiction but leans into the realm of science thriller, following a mission to prevent a catastrophic biological weapon from annihilating the world. Protagonists Laurie and Jack investigate a series of inexplicable deaths and a rise in Alzheimer's disease in the vicinity of Essex Falls.</p>

<h2><a href="https://sebastianfitzek.com/books/mimik"><em>Mimic</em></a> Written by Sebastian Fitzek</h2>

<p>This psychological thriller unfolds in a bizarre manner (but not in a bad way). We follow Germany’s leading expert on facial resonance, Hannah Herbst. Despite suffering from amnesia, she endeavors to track down a woman who confessed to murdering her family and subsequently escaped from custody. The only clue Hannah has is the woman’s confession video, but the twist? The woman in the video is... Hannah herself. It's a wild ride!</p>

<section class="ArticleTopics" data-component-name="article-topics"><p class="ArticleTopics__Heading">topic:</p></section>

Source: www.newscientist.com

11-Year-Old Australian Girl Abused by Stranger After Adding Him for Snapchat Points

An 11-year-old girl from Australia began adding random users on Snapchat as part of an unofficial challenge with her close friend to boost their scores on the app. Unfortunately, one of these individuals exploited her.

The 23-year-old Jai Clapp was added on Snapchat by the girl, who was using the pseudonym “April,” through a quick addition feature.

Your SNAP score reflects user engagement, accumulating points through sending and receiving snaps, maintaining streaks (where users consistently exchange messages), and adding friends.

Snapchat’s Quick Addition feature recommends users based on shared interests, as determined by the platform’s algorithm.

After being added, Clapp misled the girl about his age, claiming to be 17 instead of 23, and the court found that he groomed her over a span of 12 days on Snapchat.

He subsequently sexually assaulted the victim during three meetings at a local park near her home.

Clapp was convicted of digital and penile penetration, with Judge Marcus Dempsey labeling his behavior as “abhorrent.”

He pled guilty and was sentenced in April to eight years and ten months in prison, with a non-parole period of four years and eight months, as he also abused another girl while incarcerated.

Details of the case emerged from the county courthouse for Victoria’s ruling, released recently.


A spokesperson for SNAP, the parent company of the app, commented, “The sexual exploitation of minors is alarming, illegal, and against our policies.”

“Snapchat is intended to facilitate communication among friends known in real life, and we aim to make it as challenging as possible for minors to connect with strangers,” the spokesperson added.

“Teens are recommended as friends or in searches only under specific circumstances, such as when they share numerous mutual friends. Last year we introduced a new friend protection measure.”

An independent Snapchat guide advises parents to disable the Quick Add feature to restrict who can add their children on the app.

This December, Snapchat could be one of the platforms under Australian government restrictions preventing users below the age of 16 from accessing it, although the minimum account age is 13.

Before the proposed ban takes effect in December, affected platforms, including Snapchat, faced lawsuits from the government regarding policy implementation. The company regularly highlights its safety measures for children to uphold its current standing.

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During a submission to a Congressional investigation last year, Snap affirmed that the app does not allow teenagers to appear as suggested friends or in search results for others unless they share mutual friends.

In a linguistic analysis conducted last year, Australia’s online safety regulator, the Esafety Commissioner, noted that internal tools were utilized to estimate users’ ages to block access for those under 13. The Commissioner found that, as of February Report, 19% of children aged 8 to 12 used Snapchat in 2024.

The report indicated that SNAP had not conducted a survey in the first half of last year to gauge the number of users younger than 13.

A spokesperson for the ESAFETY Commissioner stated that companies have an obligation to ensure their platforms are secure for all users.

“Features such as Find Friends [Quick Add] can have numerous benefits; however, we must also consider how these new functions may be misused,” the spokesperson remarked.

“Concerns have existed for some time regarding the functionalities of social media and messaging services enabling predators to reach children for grooming and contact.

“[These] features can facilitate predators in accessing various groups of children’s friends through the platform’s algorithm, particularly when age verification measures are ineffective.”

A report by the Prevention Association for Cruelty to Children indicated that among the 7,000 cases of sexual communications with minors recorded by UK police from 2023 to 2024, 48% occurred on Snapchat.

  • Support and information for individuals affected by rape and sexual abuse can be found through the following organizations: In Australia, visit 1800 Respect (1800 737 732). In the UK, there is support available at Rape Crisis. In the US, call 0808 500 2222 or visit RAINN at 800-656-4673. Additional international helplines can be accessed at ibiblio.org/rcip/internl.html.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Turley Monster mystery only grows stranger

Sometimes evolution can produce organisms that are very strange and wonderfully different from those we know that scientists are confused. Enter the Tully Monster, a soft-body sea creature swimming in the muddy estuary of today’s Illinois about 300 million years ago.

It was discovered in 1955 by an amateur fossil collector called Francis Tully. Mazon Creek Fossil Bed To the northeast of the state.

The Tully Monster appeared to have a torpedo shape with triangular tail fins and teeth at the ends of the long bent Absis, and it looked like someone had stabbed his back with a skewer, then his eyes at each end.

It uses the appropriate scientific terminology here. Tully took the fossil (below) to the Outdoor Natural History Museum in Chicago, where experts were covered in bamboo.

The fossils of the Tully Monster were discovered by Francistorley in a fossil bed in Mazon Creek, Illinois. – Photo credit: Aramie

Was it a worm? Was it a slug? Did you have a backbone? Is it an eel? They had no idea, so they called it Talimontherum Gregalium. This is the Latin word for “Tallie’s common monster.”

In 1989, the Tully Monster became the official state fossil of Illinois, but no one knew what it was. After that, two papers were written in 2016. It has been publishedboth suggest a Tally monster It was certainly a vertebrate.

The structure previously thought to be the intestine of animals was found to be a primitive skeletal-like structure called the notochord, but the pigments of the eye were determined to be vertebrates, like invertebrates.

Backbone made of cartilage, teeth made of keratin, single nostrils, dorsal fin, perhaps the Tully monster could be a distant relative of modern lamprey. The classification mystery has been solved. But not everyone is sure.

Skeptics pointed out that the pigment in the eye was not convincing, and that the notochord stretched out right in front of the eye, which was strange. Maybe it was a strange squid? Perhaps a strange squid?

After that, in 2023, Japanese researchers I looked closely at 153 museum specimens. If the previous approach was subjective and driven by researcher premonitions, this time a neutral, data-driven approach was used.

Using a 3D scanner, we created color-coded digital maps of the animal’s surface, leading to the fact that presumed vertebrate-like features such as gill pouches and fin rays, whether they were vertebrate-like or not at all. Furthermore, the Tully monster was shown to have segments not only in its body but also in its head area.

It was possible that the Tully monsters were ultimately vertebrates, as vertebrates were not known to have this particular feature arrangement.

Or is it possible? Today the ju umpire is still out and the joy of the Tully Monster is that it is just a mystery that continues to give. The best guess from the Japanese team is that it is “invertebrate strings.” This is a category that includes animals like eels, such as lancelets, but honestly, no one knows for sure.

Therefore, until consensus is reached, the Tully monsters remain in taxonomic range.


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