At high altitudes, red blood cells act like “glucose sponges,” potentially aiding in the regulation of blood sugar levels. A recent study highlights this fascinating discovery, with researchers aiming to develop innovative treatments for diabetes. They’ve even created a drug that replicates these effects in mice.
Research indicates that individuals living at high elevations, where oxygen is scarce, experience lower incidences of diabetes. In the United States, residents at altitudes of 1,500 meters (4,920 feet) are 12% less likely to develop diabetes compared to those living below 500 meters (1,640 feet).
The exact reasons for this phenomenon remain somewhat elusive, but a new publication in Cell Metabolism hints that red blood cells might be key, as our bodies produce an increased number of these cells under low oxygen levels.
To test this theory, researchers placed mice in a hypoxic environment, effectively lowering their blood oxygen levels. They observed that glucose from the blood was being absorbed by the red blood cells, which were now oxygen-deprived.
Red blood cells have often been overlooked because of their simplicity. In low oxygen conditions, bone marrow produces distinct types of red blood cells. – Credit: Getty
These red blood cells converted glucose into molecules that can release oxygen more readily.
Dr. Yolanda Martí Mateos, a postdoctoral fellow at the Gladstone Institute and lead author of the study, explained, “This enables red blood cells to effectively release the limited oxygen they carry to our tissues, essential for survival during hypoxia.” BBC Science Focus.
According to Dr. Martí Mateos, “Red blood cells produced in hypoxic conditions are unique and contain more glucose transporters than their normal counterparts.”
The research team aspires to use their findings as a “proof of concept” to inspire new approaches to diabetes treatment.
“We’re excited about a small molecule from our lab called HypoxyStat, which simulates the effects of hypoxia without reducing the oxygen we inhale,” Dr. Isha Jain, also from the Gladstone Institute, shared with BBC Science Focus.
In mice, the drug effectively reversed high blood sugar levels, demonstrating effectiveness far superior to existing treatments.
“There’s much work ahead before this reaches patients, but the biological insights are promising,” Jain noted.
Cornflowers and Poppies: Once Regarded as ‘Nuisance Weeds’
Credit: Heather Drake/Alamy
One prevalent myth in traditional gardening is that weeds thrive only in poor soil. The belief is that enhancing soil fertility will banish weeds, offering a simple solution for gardeners—just enrich the soil with nutrients. This notion is appealing; however, let’s examine the facts.
Firstly, what is the actual definition of “weed”? The term “weed” encompasses any plant species growing in undesirable areas, rather than a specific group of related plants. This classification can seem arbitrary and culturally influenced.
Many infamous weeds serve dual purposes, being both valued plants in certain contexts and unwanted ones in others. Take dandelions, for example. They are the most recognized species on herbicide labels in the UK, yet in Singapore, where they are deemed invasive, seeds can fetch nearly $100 in online auctions.
In fact, many of the world’s most invasive plant species were initially introduced as ornamental garden plants. This overlap complicates the clear distinction between “weeds” and decorative plants, suggesting that the term may be losing its relevance.
Commonly recognized weeds often share a vigorous growth pattern. Their rapid establishment, easy reproduction, and adaptability to diverse conditions enable them to flourish in unwanted places. These traits often make them the first colonizers in disturbed or neglected soils, where other species struggle to establish themselves. However, thriving in poor environments doesn’t mean they prefer it.
So, where does the idea that weeds signify poor fertility originate? Like many gardening myths, there’s a kernel of truth here. Enhancing soil fertility can allow for a broader variety of plants to thrive, diminishing the competitiveness of resilient pioneer species. This was notably observed in European farmlands during the 20th century, when synthetic fertilizers boosted grass growth, driving out troublesome weeds like cornflowers and poppies, leading some of these species to the brink of extinction, as seen in England. Ironically, these same plants are now cherished as attractive wildflowers.
So where does this perspective leave us? Given our ever-evolving views on plants, it’s clear that weeds are not reliable indicators of soil quality but rather reflect human preferences and societal trends.
James Wong is a botanist and science writer with a focus on food crops, conservation, and environmental issues. With training from the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, London, he has over 500 houseplants in his compact apartment. Follow him on X and on Instagram @botanygeek.
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While I’m generally not a fan of novellas or short stories due to their brevity, compelling authors like George Saunders keep me turning the pages. This week, I present two thought-provoking reads, starting with Stay Up All Night.
In Stay Up All Night, prize-winning author George Saunders, known for his hit Lincoln in the Bardo, introduces us to Jill “Doll” Blaine, a ghost who returns to Earth to observe the last hours of K.J. Boone, a wealthy oil tycoon.
Jill’s mission is to provide comfort to restless souls, but she discovers that Boone, despite his life full of deception and environmental damage, is content with his choices.
Set in the final hours of Boone’s life, the narrative unfolds with the arrival of other ghosts and family members seeking closure. Jill, frustrated by Boone’s indifference, navigates her own past, returning repeatedly to his bedside.
True to Saunders’ style, the prose is vibrant and enchanting. He deftly avoids the mundane, making even the darkest themes shine.
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When intriguing authors continue to craft engaging novellas, I feel compelled to explore them. “
However, I found myself yearning for deeper insights into Boone’s psyche and hoped for a narrative reckoning that never fully materialized. Jill, with her rich backstory, was by far the most captivating character, and I wished for more exploration of her journey.
Nonetheless, Saunders’ brilliance and the pressing themes explored in Stay Up All Night make it a compelling read—one worth delving into at least twice.
Next up is Rainseekers by Matthew Cressel. This narrative blends a series of interconnected short stories, featuring protagonist Sakunja Salazar, an influencer-turned-journalist on Mars amidst the transformative terraforming of the planet.
With newly formed water bodies and breathable air, Sakunja embarks on a thrilling journey into the Martian wilderness to witness the first rainfall. This quest is both poetic and thought-provoking.
As Sakunja interviews fellow “rainseekers,” their unique stories weave into a rich tapestry that enhances the overarching narrative.
Kressel excels in crafting poignant, concise narratives, lending weight to this visionary future of the solar system.
While Sakunja lacked the depth to truly engage me, the human elements and the fun exploration of terraforming resonate strongly, reminiscent of classics like Kim Stanley Robinson’s Red Mars trilogy.
If you’re intrigued by the intersection of oil barons and climate change, this evocative novel is for you. Set in a distant future, it explores consequences for those who have wronged the planet—an excellent choice for this month’s New Scientist Book Club.
Emily H. Wilson is the author of the Sumerian series (including Inanna, Gilgamesh, and Ninshbar, all published by Titan) and is currently penning her first science fiction novel. A former editor at New Scientist, she can be followed on Instagram @emilyhwilson1.
Impact of UK Spending Cuts on CERN’s Large Hadron Collider
Traczyk, Piotr/CERN 2021-2024
British scientists are raising alarms over the potential “catastrophic” effects of impending budget cuts on physics research. With public funding agencies facing an average 30% reduction, groups are preparing for possible cuts of up to 60%.
Many research teams may lose their funding entirely, leading to a decline in research jobs and a potential withdrawal from significant international projects, including CERN, the prestigious particle physics laboratory located near Geneva, Switzerland.
UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), the public body responsible for funding science and business, has delineated a £38.6 billion budget over the next four years. Although UKRI claims this figure does not account for inflation, it suggests a marginal increase. However, physics researchers predict substantial cuts are imminent.
UKRI’s budgetary plans aim to bolster scientific research while benefiting the national economy. As CEO Ian Chapman asserted in a February 5 press briefing, the organization must prioritize commercialization and make hard choices for the greatest national impact.
UKRI allocates grants through nine councils, including the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) which specializes in particle physics, nuclear physics, and astronomy, covering financial commitments to CERN and the European Space Agency. STFC is anticipated to bear the majority of the cuts, with reports indicating a staggering £162 million reduction.
Grant recipients of STFC have been advised to brace for an overall funding reduction of 30%. Additionally, they have been asked to devise budget alternatives anticipating 20%, 40%, and 60% cuts. The Institute of Physics (IOP) deemed this news “a devastating blow” to British physics foundations.
IOP President-elect Paul Howarth warned that these cuts would undermine “our understanding of space and humanity’s progress.” He emphasized that cutting UK funding would diminish the nation’s experimental capacity, stifling innovation and economic growth. “We implore the Government to reconsider its funding strategies,” he stated.
Michelle Doherty, STFC’s executive chairman, acknowledged the organization’s overly ambitious goals. “We are stretching our resources too thinly and are facing tough years ahead,” she remarked. “Our current budget restricts us from achieving all our objectives.”
During her briefing, Doherty highlighted the end of international collaboration in particle physics due to financial constraints, a reality that partners abroad are also grappling with.
John Ellis, a professor at King’s College London, cautioned that job reductions would damage the UK’s standing among international research collaborators. “Such actions tarnish the UK’s reputation as a dependable partner,” he noted.
Projects like the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), instrumental in discovering the Higgs boson, are at risk. Funding was allocated for upgrades during the experimental shutdown. “We face uncertainty about future solutions,” Ellis lamented.
Another LHC initiative, LHCb, which examines the matter-antimatter disparity, may also see its budget eliminated, jeopardizing essential upgrades. Reports suggest the UKRI’s funding for the U.S.-led electron-ion collider in New York is also at risk. UKRI has not clarified the status of these projects when approached for comment by New Scientist.
Ellis warned that significant cuts to physics research could hamper the UK’s future by eliminating opportunities for postdocs and junior researchers. “This isn’t a minor setback; it risks stifling a generation of young scientists,” he argued.
Jim Al Khalili, a professor at the University of Surrey, echoed these concerns, pointing out the potential decline in skill and knowledge necessary for the country’s nuclear industry and wider research initiatives. “These proposed budget reductions would devastate our communities,” he asserted.
Alicia Grated of the Science and Engineering Campaign, representing UK research institutions, noted that miscommunication regarding the cuts has resulted in confusion and uncertainty. “Clarity is crucial, regardless of the reasons behind the decision to rescind STFC funding,” she emphasized. “Any decrease in support for STFC’s resources could threaten a fundamental segment of our research ecosystem.”
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Mars: The backdrop of two new science fiction novels launching in February
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If you dream of traveling to Mars, an alternate 1939 London, or into the distant future, February’s lineup of science fiction books is sure to excite you. Among the intriguing titles is Forest at the End of Time, which explores the theme of time travel to combat climate change. Another captivating read, All We Have is Time, tells the romantic tale of a time traveler offering solace to a lonely immortal woman. Plus, fans of fungal horror won’t want to miss Vast Pedro. Join the debate about whether these titles truly belong in the science fiction genre!
One of the standout novels is marketed as a time-travel thriller. It follows Echo and Hazel, recruited by a secret organization to alter history and combat climate change. Set in ancient Athens and a dystopian future, their paths converge in a shared dream as they uncover the choices that could save humanity.
Brandon Sanderson’s anticipated new book is coming this month
Provided by: Dragon Steel
Set in the expansive Cosmere universe, Sanderson’s work falls under the science fantasy category. It follows the Twilight Six, a group of supernatural bird trappers known as Avials who must modernize to fend off threatening invaders called the “Things Above.”
The author of Hamajan Rack returns with the story of Maria, the ultimate hacker bored after achieving the coveted Atlas heist. Her ordinary life takes a thrilling turn when she attracts the attention of a dangerous gang on the Kepler space station.
Mark Winters, a dedicated wildlife ranger, grapples with climate change on a remote island, battling a cult that believes in a “psychotropic mushroom-fueled collective dream” as a solution. They think he possesses vital knowledge.
Additionally, five-time Hugo Award winner Michael Swanwick shares a collection of thought-provoking short stories. These tales range from a scientist evading capture for his dangerous fusion of human intelligence and sentient AI to an aging military veteran acquiring a virtual reality robot.
The film adaptation delves into the life of an immortal woman, haunted by love lost to death, who encounters a time traveler in 1605 London. The publisher likens it to Karian Bradley’s remarkable Time Saving, making it a must-read.
Frances Spafford’s latest novel set against the backdrop of an alternate London during the Blitz
Frances Spafford, an award-winning author, presents a tale steeped in fantasy yet laced with science fiction themes, featuring time travel. Set in an alternate London of 1939, ambitious city worker Iris realizes that time can indeed bend and history can be rewritten. As she grapples with the realities of the Blitz, she learns that time-traveling fascists are also on the hunt.
This book is perfect for romantics and fans of STEM-themed romances, reminiscent of works by Ali Hazlewood. In Hannah Blohm’s debut novel, neuroscientist Frances Silverstein faces her past at a prominent conference and finds herself on a fake date with her charming competitor, Lewis North. The intriguing tagline: “For any worthy scientist, falsifying data is out of the question. But what about fake dating?” Sounds like a delightful read!
Sakunja Salazar, a prominent interviewer on Earth, embarks on a journey to Mars while battling her past as an alcoholic. Her mission takes an unexpected turn when she is tasked with documenting the first human encounter with rain on Mars—an enticing prospect for any space enthusiast!
Mars also serves as the backdrop for the adventure of a stowaway girl and a wealthy hunter, stranded amidst a mercenary threat. Clearly targeted at a younger audience, this young adult novel offers a refreshing dive into teen-focused science fiction—a genre that’s often overlooked.
Written by Simon López Trujillo (translated by Robin Myers)
A mysterious fungal disease is ravaging workers on a barren eucalyptus farm in Chile, but one survivor, Pedro, draws attention from local priests and foreign mycologists alike. The publisher suggests it appeals to fans of Jeff VanderMeer, whose work I adore, especially Extinction, making this a must-read for me.
Feedback on New Scientist is welcomed! If you have insights or articles that would interest our readers, please contact us at feedback@newscientist.com.
Online Psychic Insights
When exploring pseudoscience, providing feedback on press releases can be tricky. It’s advisable to approach this with care, especially since those engaged in pseudoscience often lack self-awareness about their practices. This ongoing conversation inevitably leads to fascinating insights.
We are thrilled to present groundbreaking research on telepathy. If you haven’t encountered the concept of telepathy, this “crowd-scale ESP test” aims to showcase extrasensory perception globally.
According to TrueESP.com, “This innovative study utilizes the free True ESP app to synchronize participants’ brainwaves worldwide through multisensory stimulation during interactive telepathy tests.” Once the app is downloaded, you can participate in a 4-minute telepathy challenge.
Participants will alternately transmit and receive images from a selection of nine cards. “A new test initiates every 10 minutes, allowing users to engage repeatedly,” the website reports, brimming with enthusiasm.
Previous research by Joseph Rhine in the 20th century laid the foundation for telepathy studies using Zener cards, which featured five unique images for transmission. Mr. Rhine proposed that results often surpass random chance, though continued testing frequently reverts to randomness. The latest global telepathy research effectively replicates Rhine’s experiment using a modern application.
The study is led by Mark Freeman, an advertising innovator, along with a team of scientists, including Dean Radin, who was part of the CIA’s covert Stargate program, training para-spy operatives in the 1980s and 1990s. It’s important to note that the Stargate project did indeed exist, as recently revealed by Popular Mechanics.
For those curious about the role of “quantum” in this context, fret not. A section on the website discusses quantum psychic research, stating that “Recent experiments suggest brain neurons generate consciousness through quantum entanglement.”
We will keep you updated on this research until there is a decisive conclusion or until Freeman determines it’s time to cease communications—whichever comes first.
Political Health Insights
Reader Peter Slessenger recently encountered an article discussing President Donald Trump’s health on HuffPost: You can read it here.
CNN health analyst Jonathan Reiner noted that President Trump has frequently dozed off during important meetings and has requested a medical reassessment.
To affirm Mr. Reiner’s credentials, the article referenced his past role as the cardiologist for the late Vice President Cheney. It appears that referring to “Dick” has become taboo in some circles.
Interestingly, HuffPost didn’t shy away from using the name “Dick Cheney,” suggesting that Yahoo News may avoid it for reasons unknown.
Honorary Recognition in Academia
Universities seem to hand out honorary degrees to almost anyone with notable acclaim on social media. Recently, feedback noted a truly surprising announcement from Griffith University, Australia: “Griffith University is thrilled to offer a professorship to Dr. Bandit Healer, a renowned archaeologist and 2019 Father of the Year.”
This announcement surprised many since Bandit is a fictional animated dog from children’s TV show Bluey. The university described him as “a Brisbane-based blue heeler of international renown,” citing numerous fictional achievements, including groundbreaking anthropological discoveries. This raises questions about how a cartoon dog can garner such acclaim while engaging in child’s play with Bluey and Bingo.
Digging further reveals that a genuine honorary doctorate was conferred. Bluey‘s parent, Joe Blum, happens to be a university paleoanthropologist. This oversight leaves us wondering if we’re doing enough in our family.
Trends in Cultured Meat
Recently, several cultured meat companies have folded, including Believer Meats.
Reader Hugh White speculated that the CEO’s decisions may have contributed to Believer Meats’ downfall. “They should have seen the signs in his name, Gustavo Berger,” Hugh suggested, highlighting the significance of management in startups.
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Send your articles to Feedback at feedback@newscientist.com. Make sure to include your home address. You can find this week’s and past feedback on our website.
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If you’re looking to quit smoking, you’ve likely heard that transitioning to electronic cigarettes (vaping) can be a healthier alternative.
According to a study by researchers at University College London, over 50,000 individuals successfully quit smoking in 2017 thanks to e-cigarette use.
While most harmful compounds associated with smoking-related illnesses are absent in e-cigarettes (as they do not burn tobacco like heated tobacco products), it is essential to highlight that e-cigarettes are not recommended for non-smokers.
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The e-liquids in vaping usually consist of a blend of propylene glycol and glycerin.
Both of these compounds are deemed safe for ingestion, but their inhalation safety has not been definitively proven. A 2020 Clinical Research Review indicated minimal impact on lung function with no significant inflammatory effects.
Synthetic flavors are added to create a variety of options, and regulations require these additives to be safe for food use, although their inhalation safety isn’t guaranteed.
Many e-cigarettes also contain nicotine, which can help users quit smoking by alleviating withdrawal symptoms, but it can also pose addictive risks for newcomers and has been linked to lung cancer in animal studies.
Exploring vape shops reveals hundreds, if not thousands, of flavors—from traditional tobacco and menthol to delightful fruity and baked goods options.
However, research shows that some fruit flavors may be damaging to health. A 2016 study linked strawberry flavor to increased cytotoxicity, indicating potential cell harm.
Moreover, a 2019 study associated fruit flavors with compounds like acrylonitrile and acrolein, known for their carcinogenic potential and ability to induce lung inflammation.
Study findings link strawberry flavoring to high cytotoxicity – Image credit: Robin Boyden
A study published in 2024 discovered that inhaling berry-flavored e-cigarette vapor can severely impair lung immune cells in mice. These mice faced difficulties in combating infections when exposed to harmful bacteria.
Compared to healthy controls, mice exposed to e-cigarettes showed lower survival rates, and those that survived took longer to recover from bacterial infections.
That said, non-fruit flavors are not completely safe, either.
E-liquid chemicals can be unstable; when heated in an e-cigarette to create vapor, they may react and form new harmful compounds.
For instance, aldehydes, commonly used as flavoring in vanilla, cherry, and cinnamon e-liquids, can produce acetals, known respiratory irritants.
Additionally, there may be unidentified chemical interactions between various flavors. Research in this area is still emerging, especially when compared to the extensive knowledge available regarding traditional smoking.
Therefore, while e-cigarettes can assist with smoking cessation, vaping entails specific risks. One thing remains clear: our understanding of vaping’s impact on health is still evolving.
This article addresses the question posed by Huey Robbins via email: “Which e-cig flavor is the worst for you?”
If you have any questions, please reach out to us at:questions@sciencefocus.com or connect with us onFacebook,Twitter, or Instagram(please include your name and location).
Explore our ultimatefun facts and discover more fascinating science content.
Meet Holly, a dedicated staff writer at BBC Science Focus, where she expertly manages the engaging Q&A section. With an MSc (Special Award) in Earth Sciences (Space and Climate Physics) from UCL, Holly specializes in Astronomy and Earth Sciences. Before her journey with Our Media, she gained valuable experience as a geo-environmental consultant and engineer, passionately exploring exoplanets in her free time while advising on ground risk and remediation projects in Northern England.
With nearly a decade of experience as a regional editor for a popular theater website, Holly excels in curating and developing digital content. She is also a talented artist and illustrator, regularly contributing to the craft website Gathered. Her impressive portfolio includes collaborations with notable organizations such as RSPB, English Heritage, Disney, Pilot, and Brother, in addition to her work with BBC Good Food Magazine, Home Style Magazine, and Papercraft Inspiration Magazine.
Holly’s interests extend to photography and a fascination with antiques, showcasing her diverse artistic talents and love for culture.
A groundbreaking research team from the University of Wisconsin-Madison has successfully reverse-engineered a primitive nitrogen-fixing enzyme. This discovery sheds light on how life thrived before the Earth was transformed by oxygen and establishes reliable chemical markers for detecting extraterrestrial life.
Resurrection and characterization of an ancestral nitrogenase. Image credit: Rucker et al., doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67423-y.
Led by Professor Betül Kaçar, the research focuses on an essential enzyme known as nitrogenase, which plays a pivotal role in converting atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms.
“We selected an enzyme that significantly influences life on Earth and investigated its evolutionary history,” Professor Kaçar stated.
“Without nitrogenase, the existence of modern life as we know it would be impossible.”
Traditionally, scientists have depended on geological evidence to reconstruct Earth’s historical life.
However, significant fossils and rock samples are scarce and often require fortuitous discovery.
Professor Kaçar and his team view synthetic biology as a valuable tool to bridge these gaps, allowing them to construct specific ancient enzyme reconstructions, insert these into microorganisms, and study them in contemporary lab settings.
“The Earth of 3 billion years ago was vastly different from the world we recognize today,” remarked Dr. Holly Rucker.
“Before the Great Oxidation Event, the atmosphere was rich in carbon dioxide and methane, and life predominantly consisted of anaerobic microorganisms.”
“Understanding how these microorganisms accessed vital nutrients like nitrogen enhances our comprehension of how life persisted and evolved before oxygen-dependent organisms began to alter the planet.”
“Though fossilized enzymes are unavailable for study, these enzymes can leave discernible isotopic traces, measurable in rock samples.”
“Much of the prior research assumed ancient enzymes produced isotopic signatures akin to modern enzymes,” added Dr. Rucker.
“This holds true for nitrogenase; the isotopic traces we observe from ancient times correspond with modern signatures, providing deeper insights into the enzyme itself.”
The researchers discovered that ancient nitrogenase enzymes, despite having different DNA sequences, maintain the same mechanisms for isotopic signatures observed in the rock record.
“As astrobiologists, our understanding of Earth helps us comprehend the potential for life elsewhere in the universe,” Professor Kaçar emphasized.
“The quest for life begins right here on our 4-billion-year-old planet.”
“To grasp future possibilities and life beyond our planet, we must first understand our own history.”
The results were published today in the online journal Nature Communications, accessible here.
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Rucker et al. 2026. The revived nitrogenase reproduces the standard N isotope biosignature spanning two billion years. Nat Commun 17,616; doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67423-y
The Senate has decisively rejected the Trump administration’s proposal to significantly slash funding for federal scientific agencies. On Thursday, the Senate voted 82-15 to allocate billions more to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) than what was requested by the president.
This bipartisan minibus budget will fund various agencies focused on science and the environment until September 30. The bill had passed the House last week with an overwhelming vote of 397-28.
Following the Trump administration’s budget suggestions would have resulted in catastrophic cuts: a 57% reduction for the NSF, a 47% cut for NASA’s scientific research division, and a 27% decrease for NOAA, which manages the National Weather Service, as stated by Sen. Patty Murray from Washington. As highlighted in Congressional testimony last summer.
The bill is set to be presented to President Donald Trump for his signature.
Despite an overall reduction in spending, the strong bipartisan support underscores a consensus to either maintain the status quo or implement only modest cuts.
Additionally, the legislation includes significant funding boosts for several scientific programs that the Trump administration eyed for elimination, notably NOAA’s satellite program. It also allocates resources to strengthen the workforce of the National Weather Service, which has seen cuts through layoffs and other measures.
This bipartisan effort was spearheaded by Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Sen. Murray.
In her remarks on the Senate floor, Collins expressed her strong support for the NSF, which provides nearly a quarter of federal funding for essential scientific research, according to their official site.
“I am delighted that we could restore the funding originally proposed for cuts and also address indirect research funding, a priority for me,” Collins stated.
Indirect research costs cover vital expenses such as equipment, operations, maintenance, accounting, and personnel. Earlier this year, the Trump administration sought to redefine the baseline for these costs, but the current budget prevents such changes.
In an overview of the bill, Murray emphasized a boost of $1.67 billion for NOAA and an additional $5.63 billion for NASA compared to Trump’s requests.
“We have stood firm against Trump’s proposed cuts to scientific research, reducing the NSF’s budget by 57%, halving NASA’s science budget, and devastating NOAA and crucial climate research resources,” she remarked in a Senate floor address on Monday. She stated during her speech.
Murray also stressed, “This legislation reinforces Congress’ authority over significant spending decisions.”
When asked about the president’s potential signature, the White House directed NBC News to a previous statement from the Office of Management and Budget. This statement indicated administration support, highlighting that the bill would contribute to overall spending cuts and assist the nation’s journey toward “energy dominance.”
“If the bill is presented to the president in its current form, senior advisers will likely recommend he sign it into law,” read the statement.
Congress will soon review additional minibus bills covering labor, healthcare, national security, and other critical issues. Lawmakers must finalize spending by January 30, the deadline established following a 43-day government shutdown.
In her remarks on Thursday, Collins reiterated her focus on getting the bill signed into law by the deadline to prevent an “unnecessary and extremely damaging government shutdown.”
Megan Eaves-Egenes’ Nightfaring delves into our relationship with the night sky
Shutterstock / danm12
In the northern hemisphere, January often feels like the longest, dullest month. Luckily, a host of new science books brighten our days! This month, we explore topics from the enriching role of art in our lives to the overlooked significance of friction. Have you considered the origin of ideas? What do we lose by lighting up our skies? Perhaps January just isn’t enough…
Art Cure examines the effects of art and dance on mental health.”
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Daisy Fancourt’s Art Cure investigates the impact of arts, including dance, on mental health.
What if engaging in activities like playing piano, dancing, or visiting art galleries could enhance our mental and physical well-being? Can these experiences bolster our resilience against conditions like dementia? These thought-provoking ideas are explored in Daisy Fancourt’s groundbreaking book. As a psychobiology and epidemiology professor at University College London, her insights offer a refreshing perspective, with British TV doctor Zand van Tureken hailing it as an “amazing antidote” to misleading health narratives. It’s an invitation to embrace joy—what’s not to love?
Have you ever wondered why we turn to alcohol in moments of celebration or stress relief? Surgeon and researcher Charles Knowles, a recovering alcoholic, provides an in-depth look at the science behind our relationship with alcohol. He uncovers how it hijacks our instincts and offers a scientific blueprint for breaking free from its grip. His insights shift the conversation from moral failing to scientific understanding.
When illness strikes, many rush to the internet seeking answers. But are the online “experts” equipped to handle our unique medical histories? Science writer Deborah Cohen raises critical questions about why we trust unverified sources for our health advice. I hope her investigation uncovers essential truths.
Polar War looks into the geopolitical struggles in the Arctic.”
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Kenneth R. Rosen’s Polar War investigates power dynamics in the Arctic.
As Arctic ice melts, exposing pipeline vulnerabilities and unearthing natural resources, what challenges await us in this rapidly changing environment? Kenneth Rosen, a seasoned geopolitical writer, delves into this pressing issue, aptly summarizing it in his book’s subtitle: “Submarines, Spies, and Power Struggles in the Melting Arctic.” A thrilling exploration of geopolitical tensions.
Are the best ideas conceived in bustling cities, or do they emerge from the outskirts? Charles Foster challenges conventional wisdom in his captivating book. Embarking on a philosophical journey, he explores human culture, evolution, and societal movements, offering a refreshing take on where innovation truly begins.
As we leave behind the festive season, everyday life feels increasingly overwhelming. BBC journalist Claudia Hammond addresses this phenomenon of “overwhelm” in her insightful book, providing readers with psychological tools and scientific insights to combat burnout. As she explores procrastination, perfectionism, and the pressures of modern life, her timely advice couldn’t be more relevant.
Off the Scales examines the rise of Ozempic.”
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Amy Donnellan’s Off the Scales chronicles the rise of Ozempic.
Michael Silk/Alamy
As the popularity of GLP-1 medication Ozempic and other weight-loss drugs continues to grow, Amy Donnellan sheds light on the backstory behind Novo Nordisk’s developments in obesity treatments. Through a lens covering economics, politics, and social concerns, she examines whether these solutions are indeed as effective as they appear.
With the night sky brightening by over 120% annually, this presents serious issues for both astronomers and wildlife. In Night Out, Megan Eaves-Egenes embarks on a global journey to explore the cultural significance of darkness. Described as a quest to “find solace in the stars during life’s challenges,” this narrative traverses diverse locations, from New Zealand to the Himalayas, asking what we stand to lose in the process.
Invisible forces often fascinate readers, but Jennifer Vail’s unique exploration of friction offers a fresh perspective. Covering the historical evolution of this force—from its role in everyday mechanics to its unexpected involvement in scientific advancements—this unsung hero deserves greater recognition beyond the realms of Newton and Da Vinci.
From Ada Lovelace’s revolutionary algorithms to Alan Turing’s pioneering intelligence tests, this tour through AI’s landscape, presented by a University of New South Wales professor, promises an engaging experience. With the challenge of delivering an expansive narrative within a compact framework, creativity knows no bounds in storytelling.
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Welcome to January, the perfect month to dive into a captivating book. Thanks to Peter F. Hamilton, science fiction enthusiasts can escape reality with immersive tales, from a mysterious power-generating ship to Solitaire Townsend’s alternate version of Earth ruled by the Roman Empire in God Storm. Enjoy time-loop mysteries, UFO romances, and eco-horror this month!
A generational ship seeking a new home in Peter F. Hamilton’s latest sci-fi novel.
Panther Media Global / Alamy
In the gripping tale, Peter F. Hamilton explores life aboard a power-generating ship, where inhabitants can live only until the age of 65 to preserve resources. Young Hazel discovers shocking truths after her brother’s untimely death. This exciting story is the first installment in a trilogy, with subsequent releases planned for this year.
While science fiction columnist Emily H. Wilson remarks that this isn’t strictly sci-fi, she notes it delves into climate fiction as it narrates the demise of oil tycoon K.J. Boone facing his reckoning on his deathbed.
The last zoo of the world is situated on Alcatraz, the “Island of Last Things.”
Miles Duskfield/Shutterstock
Imagine a world where the last zoo resides on Alcatraz Island, as nature around it collapses. Follow Camille, a dedicated zookeeper caring for chimpanzees and jaguars, as she learns about a secret sanctuary where wild animals roam free. This novel was previously published in the US and Australia but is set to release in the UK this month.
Police officer Ryan Crane embarks on a groundbreaking two-year mission to Titan, earning enough to secure his disabled son’s care. However, upon returning to Earth, he finds a drastically changed world, with mysterious figures chasing him and his team.
This thought-provoking alternate history imagines a world where the Roman Empire never fell, driven by oil-fueled advances that facilitate global conquest. Acclaimed author Kim Stanley Robinson describes this lively adventure as an allegory for contemporary struggles. A must-read!
Is a massive asteroid careening towards Earth, or is it a colossal alien craft landing near Little Springs, Nebraska, becoming the infamous Giant? Sheriff David Blunt must navigate a town now filled with conspiracy theorists as he hunts a murderer and grapples with dreams of a chaotic universe.
As Rosi and his smuggler crew traverse the Romanian mountains, they intercept alarming radio signals predicting doom. With the world plunged into darkness, they embark on a mission to rescue isolated survivors in a post-apocalyptic landscape. While classified as horror or science fiction, the narrative piques interest.
This literary dystopia takes you on a remarkable journey through time and space, with a young philosopher seeking the president of the Lost Things Society, ending up on a quest that traverses early civilizations to artificial intelligence.
Elle, a social media influencer in Los Angeles, captures footage of an unidentified flying object, attracting the attention of Agent Carter Brody, who has witnessed extraterrestrial life. This intriguing blend of romance and UFO adventure makes a delightful January read!
Alison Mick’s eco-horror novel set in California’s redwood forests
Jamie Pham/Alamy Stock Photo
Often described as “Jordan Peele meets Jeff VanderMeer,” this eco-horror novel The Overstory by Alison Mick takes place in the haunting redwood forests of Northern California. Follow Jasmine, a mental health nurse, as she returns to her grandfather’s logging town, unveiling dark secrets hidden in the forest, with beings of petrified bark and flesh seeking revenge.
Also worth mentioning is this gripping murder mystery involving a time loop (because physics!). Vivian has to face her family’s disdain during a gathering where she is ultimately killed—only to wake up and repeat the cycle. Can she unravel the mystery with the help of a waiter eager to finish his shift?
Set in a ravaged future of 2082, this concluding book in the Compulsion trilogy follows a 16-year-old girl and her uncle as they strive to conceal the last remaining book in a secret library while navigating a world controlled by those responsible for climate change.
Numerous scientific books are set to release throughout the coming year, and a vast selection awaits. After reviewing a multitude of catalogs from various publishers, I curated a list of the science books I’m most eager to dive into, organized by category to help you easily discover your next favorite read. Whether you’re a voracious reader like me or just exploring, you can wrap up this year with newfound expertise, exploring topics ranging from detecting psychopaths to captivating numerical insights.
Space
Let’s embark on an enlightening journey with environmental historian Dagomar DeGroot. He presents Ripples in the Cosmic Ocean, analyzing how our solar system has influenced humanity. This includes fascinating insights into Martian dust storms that have sparked alien narratives and a comet impact on Jupiter that led to the inception of planetary defense strategies. DeGroot advocates for “interplanetary environmentalism,” a compelling concept indeed.
Our exploration continues with astrophysicist Emma Chapman. In her work, Radio Universe, she unveils how we harness radio waves to probe the cosmos, guiding readers on a journey from Earth to the expansive reaches of the Milky Way, traversing through black holes and pulsars.
New Scientist columnist Chanda Prescod Weinstein extends this journey, merging poetry and culture in The End of Space and Time, to elucidate theoretical physics and the quantum fabric of space-time.
Health
In 2026, I’m particularly excited about two critical health themes. The first focuses on leveraging science for better health. In Age Code, health journalist David Cox delves into nutritional science, illustrating how it can decelerate biological aging. In another compelling read, surgeon Charles Knowles, a clinical research director and recovering alcoholic, writes Why Do You Drink Too Much?, while Bill Gifford’s Hot Wired discusses utilizing heat for health improvement, emphasizing our evolutionary adaptation to high temperatures.
On the investigative front, physician Zand van Tulleken aims to expose the realities of the medical industry in Make Me Well, while journalist Deborah Cohen shares insights on the interplay of influencers and AI-powered diagnostics in Bad Influence. Amy Donnellan’s work probes the GLP-1 drug Ozempic’s stories in Fall Off the Scale, while Alev Scott dives into the commodification of motherhood with Dollar Box.
Mathematics
This year in mathematics, Richard Elwes’s Huge Numbers examines how expanding our counting capabilities has influenced human thought. Meanwhile, Ian Stewart’s Reaching the Limit delicately navigates through the complexities of mathematics, unraveling some of its most intriguing puzzles.
Technology and AI
Emergent Mind features computational neuroscientist Gaurav Suri and psychology professor Jay McClelland, discussing the emergence of complex systems from simpler interactions, applicable to both the human brain and AI. Their insights are complemented by Tom Griffiths’ Laws of Thinking, which uses mathematics to decode thought processes while contrasting AI mechanisms with human cognition.
Sociologist James Muldoon takes on the technology-human relationship in Love Machine, exploring chatbots, and attempting to converse with the deceased. Journalists Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor’s Apocalyptic Fascism and the Fight for a Living World unearth the rise of far-right, capturing an “apocalyptic alliance” among various factions while offering pathways for resistance.
Two notable technical books include Little Blue Dot by journalist Katherine Dunn, chronicling the transformation of GPS from military origins to everyday necessity, and Mega Build by construction influencer Fred Mills, which focuses on ten megaprojects set to reshape the world.
Environment
In a hopeful message, author Rebecca Solnit captivates readers with The Beginning Comes After the End, reflecting on revolutionary thoughts over the past five decades concerning racial, gender, and environmental paradigms. Simultaneously, journalist Fred Pearce’s Nevertheless offers a “handbook for optimal climate engagement,” advocating that effective changes are within our grasp.
Biology professor Dave Golson’s Eat the Earth Well tackles the toxic food system while journalist Jeevan Basagar’s The Surge investigates rising flooding issues, addressing that 150 million people will live below high tide lines by 2050 and presenting groundbreaking engineering solutions.
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Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor team up to narrate the emergence of the far right in their new book. “
Nature
The vast repercussions of climate change manifest universally in Where Earth and Sky Meet, authored by conservation biologist Louise K. Bright. Her exploration into the Antarctic wilderness reveals how global warming is reshaping this unique region.
Marine biologist Ruth Searle’s Intertidal Zone immerses readers in the fragile ecosystem where land intertwines with sea, and the dynamic reshaping by human actions. Zoologist Joe Winpenny advocates for “nature’s least loved animals” in Beauty of the Beast, emphasizing the need to defend these creatures amid critical biodiversity declines.
Psychology
This year, our focus on psychology uncovers tremendous insights. I highly recommend Art Cure by psychobiologist Daisy Fancourt, who showcases how the arts can enhance health and well-being, drawing from various scientific fields.
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Celebrity doctor Zand van Tulleken pledges to unveil the “world of health” in Make Me Well. “
Furthermore, neuroscientists tackle the socio-technological nuances we confront. Hannah Critchlow explores resilience in 21st Century Brain, while Paul Goldsmith examines how ancient cognition adapts to modern landscapes in Evolving Brain.
Rian ten Brinke analyzes interpersonal complexities in Toxic People, helping us identify harmful relationships. Others, like Michael Pollan in The World Appears, delve into the intricate realms of consciousness from multiple perspectives.
Overall, this year presents a spectacular opportunity to refresh your bookshelves with transformative reads!
Best of the Best: Top 4 Picks of 2026
A Brief History of the Universe (And Our Place in It) Written by Sarah Alam Malik This book takes readers on an exhilarating journey, highlighting pivotal discoveries that transformed our comprehension of the universe, tracing from Babylonian astronomy to the Copernican Revolution.
Savage Landscape Written by Cal Flynn In her captivating work, Flynn travels through remote wilderness areas, exploring the intricacies of conservation and nature’s preservation.
I Am Not a Robot Written by Joanna Stern In a bold exploration, technology reporter Joanna Stern investigates the implications of AI replacing human roles within society.
Bird Story Written by Steve Brusatte In this enlightening narrative, paleontologist Steve Brusatte explores the evolutionary story of birds, often referred to as “the dinosaurs among us.” Curious fact: is a penguin larger than a gorilla? Is a duck heavier than a cow? Find out in this captivating read.
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Adrian Tchaikovsky’s *Children of Strife* Will Be a March Highlight
Joby Sessions/SFX Magazine/Future via Getty Images
<p>2026 is poised to be an exceptional year for <strong>science fiction</strong>, with exciting new releases every month. Recent announcements have already made it clear that there’s plenty to look forward to in this vibrant genre.</p>
<p>January kicks off with new releases from notable authors. Peter F. Hamilton's <a href="https://tantor.com/a-hole-in-the-sky-peter-f-hamilton.html"><b><i>Empty Hole</i></b></a>, the first book in the *Ark Trilogy*, marks a fresh approach for the prolific writer. Aimed at younger readers, this novel features a teenage girl's perspective, offering a straightforward narrative different from Hamilton’s usual complex stories.</p>
<p>All three books in the series are set for publication this year— the second in June and the third in December— creating anticipation among fans.</p>
<p>The other major release is <a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/vigil-9781526624307/"><b><i>Stay Up All Night</i></b></a> by George Saunders, whose acclaimed work *Lincoln in the Bardo* won the 2017 Booker Prize. Although not traditional science fiction, this novel, categorized as climate change fiction, revolves around the death of an oil tycoon and promises intriguing themes.</p>
<p>February will bring several interesting titles, including <a href="https://torpublishinggroup.com/the-forest-on-the-edge-of-time/?isbn=9781250376831&format=hardback"><b><i>Forest at the End of Time</i></b></a>, by Jasmine Kirkbride, labeled as a “time-travel climate novel.” Readers can also look for Matthew Cressel's <a href="https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250392442/therainseekers/"><b><i>Rain Seekers</i></b></a>, which explores the first rain on Mars.</p>
<p>Additionally, Edward Ashton’s latest, <a href="https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250375650/afterthefall/"><b><i>After Autumn</i></b></a>, promises a mix of alien invasion, buddy comedy, and workplace satire.</p>
<p>March’s highlight is Adrian Tchaikovsky’s fourth installment in the *Children of Time* series, <a href="https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/adrian-tchaikovsky/children-of-strife/9781035057788"><b><i>Children of Conflict</i></b></a>, bringing back fan-favorite elements like the formidable mantis shrimp.</p>
<p>Other noteworthy March releases include <a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/library-of-traumatic-memory-9781035923304/"><b><i>Library of Traumatic Memories</i></b></a>, Neil Jordan's first science-fiction novel, and <a href="https://titanbooks.com/72675-jitterbug/"><b><i>Jitterbug</i></b></a> by Gareth L. Powell, described as an action-packed adventure in a devastated solar system, featuring a crew of bounty hunters.</p>
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<p>In April, expect <a href="https://torpublishinggroup.com/the-subtle-art-of-folding-space/?isbn=9781250425409&format=hardback"><i>The Delicate Art of Folding Space</i></a> by Jon Chu, who has gained accolades for his short stories. Additionally, <a href="https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/search/books/_/N-/Ntt-The+Photonic+Effect"><i>Photonic Effect</i></a> by Mike Chen is anticipated, touted as a "page-turning space opera" amidst the Galactic Civil War.</p>
<p>Other anticipated titles for April include <b><i>The Radiant Dark</i></b> by Alexandra Oliva, the intriguing <b><i>Language of Liars</i></b> by SL Huang, and <b><i>Ode to the Half-Broken</i></b> by Suzanne Palmer, which promises to deliver "hopeful punk science fiction."</p>
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<p>May’s standout is <a href="https://torpublishinggroup.com/we-burned-so-bright/?isbn=9781250881236&format=hardback"><b><i>We Burned So Bright</i></b></a> by TJ Klune, which follows an older gay couple on a poignant road trip as the world faces impending doom.</p>
<p>The month also features Anne Leckie’s latest in her Imperial Radoch universe, <a href="https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/ann-leckie/radiant-star/9780356517964/"><b><i>Radiant Star</i></b></a>, alongside Martha Wells’ <a href="https://torpublishinggroup.com/platform-decay/?isbn=9781250827005&format=hardback"><b><i>Platform Decline</i></b></a>, another addition to the *Murderbot* series.</p>
<p>June brings exciting prospects as well, including <a href="https://torpublishinggroup.com/sublimation/?isbn=9781250376794&format=hardback"><b><i>Sublimation</i></b></a>, an immigrant story by Isabel J. Kim, and <a href="https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/joseph-eckert/the-traveler/9781035084074"><b><i>The Traveler</i></b></a>, about a reluctant time traveler and his son.</p>
<p>Later in the year, look for <a href="https://torpublishinggroup.com/the-infinite-state/?isbn=9781250386229&format=hardback"><b><i>State of Infinity</i></b></a> by Richard Swann, luring readers into a thrilling survival story set in a sci-fi epic.</p>
<p>Exciting times await in the realm of science fiction!</p>
<p><i><b>Emily H. Wilson</b>, author of the *Sumerian* Trilogy, is presently focused on crafting her debut science fiction novel.</i></p>
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Watching the news can feel overwhelming, almost like the world is on the brink of collapse. Thankfully, science is bringing us the positive updates we’ve all been waiting for.
In 2025, researchers have dedicated themselves to safeguarding us from existential threats, enhancing both human and environmental health, and revealing the mysteries of our universe.
Here are our top feel-good science stories for 2025.
1. ‘City Killer’ Asteroid Likely Won’t Strike Earth
In February, concerns arose when the likelihood of asteroid 2024 YR4 colliding with Earth in 2032 escalated from 1.2% to 3.1%, labeling it one of the most hazardous asteroids tracked.
This asteroid, estimated at around 60 meters (197 feet) in diameter, could have unleashed energy exceeding 500 times that of the Hiroshima bomb, putting a major city at risk.
Fortunately, NASA has reassured us that the threat has diminished significantly and now states there is no significant threat from this asteroid, although it estimates a 3.8% chance of it hitting the moon.
Astronomers tracked asteroid 2024 YR4 using multiple observatories, including the James Webb Space Telescope. – Credit: Getty
2. Vitamin Supplements May Help Slow Aging
A large-scale clinical trial led by researchers at US General Brigham Massa has discovered that vitamin D supplements can help maintain telomere length (protective caps on chromosomes that shorten with age).
The double-blind study involving over 1,000 participants found that vitamin D could potentially delay aging by nearly three years compared to a placebo group.
3. The World’s Largest Camera Takes Its First Photo
The newly launched Vera C. Rubin Observatory has captured its first snapshot of the universe. Each image is so vast that it would take 400 ultra-high-definition TVs to view it in its entirety.
The observatory will collect an immense amount of data every night for the next decade, aiding scientists in exploring cosmic mysteries such as the expansion of the universe and dark matter.
Vera Rubin captured these two spiral galaxies in stunning detail, part of a broader cosmic image. – Credit: RubinObs/NOIRLab/SLAC/NSF/DOE/AURA
4. “Forever Chemicals” May Not Be So Permanent
Recent research has uncovered a method to effectively destroy PFAS (polyperfluoroalkyl substances), harmful chemicals linked to various cancers that infiltrate our homes through packaging and nonstick cookware.
The new technique utilizes phosphates to break the resilient carbon-fluorine bonds that make PFAS so persistent in the environment and detrimental to health.
5. Renewable Energy Surpasses Coal for the First Time
In the first half of 2025, global wind and solar energy production exceeded that of coal, marking a pivotal advancement towards sustainable energy. This achievement is mainly due to significant renewable energy projects in China and India, alongside a temporary downturn in coal usage.
Global renewable electricity is projected to double by 2030. – Credit: Getty
What are the most bizarre science experiments ever conducted?
While science typically progresses through systematic methods, some researchers employ innovative techniques to validate their hypotheses.
Here are five of the most unsettling science experiments ever carried out.
Floating Frog Experiment
Even frogs have a magnetic side – Photo credit: Robin Boyden
Every object, no matter how small, possesses its own magnetic field, meaning that any object can be pushed away by a sufficiently strong magnet.
In 1997, scientists showcased this phenomenon with an experiment involving a floating live frog.
While the frog was unharmed, the study of this effect, known as “diamagnetic levitation,” holds promise for various fields, including medical imaging and space technology.
Turning Water into Metal
Beware of the metallic storm – Photo credit: Robin Boyden
While metals conduct electricity due to “free electrons,” pure water does not due to tightly bonded electrons.
Under extreme pressure, water becomes conductive, but scientists managed to create metallic water without such conditions. By exposing sodium and potassium droplets to water vapor, they induced electron donation, forming shimmering golden spheres with metallic properties.
Slowing Down Light
Scientifically slowing light is a mind-bending feat – Photo credit: Robin Boyden
In 1999, researchers successfully slowed down light to just 17 meters (56 feet) per second, equivalent to around 61 km/h (38 miles per hour).
Typically, light slows down when passing through transparent materials, but a portion is absorbed, which limits the slowing effect. To counter this, researchers cooled sodium atoms close to absolute zero (-273.15°C or -459.67°F) and used a polarized laser beam to prevent absorption.
This led to light pulses traveling at 1/20,000,000 of their usual speed, enhancing our understanding of light’s interaction at the microscopic level.
Painting Cows
Striped cows may dodge flies better – Photo credit: Robin Boyden
The results showed that striped cows were bitten 50% less than solid black cows, providing a potential method for safeguarding livestock from insect bites without relying on harmful chemicals.
The Mystery of Wombat Poop
The unique cubic shape of wombat poop is truly intriguing – Photo credit: Robin Boyden
Wombats are uniquely known for their cube-shaped feces. To explore how this occurs, researchers in 2018 examined the gastrointestinal tract of two wombats.
The findings revealed that their intestines possess regions with alternating hard and soft tissues. Mathematical modeling showed that this pattern leads to the formation of the distinctive cubical shape in wombat feces.
This research could inspire innovative manufacturing techniques in the future.
This article addresses the popular question (by Bernie Reid of Litchfield): “What is the creepiest experiment we’ve ever done?”
For inquiries, please contact us at:questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out viaFacebook, orTwitter or Instagram(please include your name and location).
Explore our ultimatefun facts and more amazing science content!
The Infamous Saruman with His Palantir in ‘The Lord of the Rings’
Landmark Media/Alamy
As we embark on the Gregorian New Year, it’s an ideal moment to ponder the future ahead. Will we harness CRISPR to engineer wings? Are we on the verge of uploading human consciousness to the Amazon cloud? Will we encase the sun in a Dyson Sphere? For those passionate about science and engineering, science fiction serves as the canvas for exploring these questions. However, many are misinterpreting these futuristic visions.
As a science journalist and a sci-fi author, I offer a year-end guide to help you avoid misconceptions in reading science fiction. It’s crucial, as our civilization’s trajectory may depend on it.
There are two main ways in which science fiction is often misunderstood. We start with the first issue known as the “Torment Nexus problem,” a term that emerged from a humorous social media post by satirist Alex Breckman. In 2021, he tweeted:
“Science fiction writer: In my narrative, I created the Torment Nexus as a cautionary concept.
Tech Company: We’ve successfully built a Torment Nexus based on the classic sci-fi narrative, ‘Don’t Create a Torment Nexus.’
This encapsulates the Torment Nexus problem, which arises when individuals focus solely on futuristic tech depicted in science fiction, neglecting the core message of the narrative.
As a consequence, billionaires like Peter Thiel have contributed to ventures like Palantir, a surveillance and data analytics company, named after the “Seeing Stone” in The Lord of the Rings. Rather than being a tool of utility, it typically leads its users towards perilous and unethical paths. Its technology has been employed by various military operations, including IDF actions in Gaza. The implications of this are troubling.
Less severe yet still noteworthy examples include Mark Zuckerberg’s rebranding of Facebook to Meta, influenced by Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash, which showcased a metaverse that is far from desirable. This virtual realm is portrayed as a corporate battleground that propagates mind-altering viruses.
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Zuckerberg and Thiel are blind to the fact that both Palantir and the Metaverse pose significant threats to human cognition. “
It’s apparent that Thiel and Zuckerberg aimed to bring their fictional technologies to life but tragically misinterpreted their underlying messages.
The second pervasive misunderstanding in science fiction is often termed the “Blueprint problem.” This assumption presumes that science fiction serves as an accurate forecast for the future, and by mimicking these fictional outcomes, we can assure a prosperous tomorrow.
The Blueprint problem significantly influenced early space exploration initiatives, which prioritized human travel over robotic missions. Pop culture icons like Flash Gordon and the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs propagated images of humans colonizing distant planets. Today, robotic missions are yielding unprecedented discoveries on Mars while media outlets are fixated on celebrity space travels.
The immense expectations for AI technologies can also be traced back to the Blueprint problem. Countless narratives have portrayed AI as servants and experts, creating an inevitable perception of their arrival, which is far from reality.
Ultimately, science fiction is not a literal roadmap, recipe, or prescription. It embodies a worldview that encourages us to challenge the status quo. This perspective has inspired my latest anthology, We Will Rise Again, co-edited with Karen Lord and Malka Older, offering stories that aim to reshape our perceptions of societal progression. In our collection, the future is fluid, molded by human agency.
As we delve deeper into this understanding, the complexities of our contemporary world reveal themselves. Why do we engineer machines for menial tasks? Why adhere to arbitrary national borders? Why limit gender to two fixed categories? These questions capture the essence of science fiction, serving as gateways into new realms of possibility.
To forge a better future, it’s essential to transcend mere imitation of fictional narratives. Instead, we must cultivate our own visions of what could be.
Annalee Newitz, a science journalist and author, presents their latest work, *Automatic Noodle*. They co-host the Hugo Award-winning podcast *Our Opinions Are Correct* and can be followed on Twitter @annaleen. Their website is: techsploitation.com
What I Am Reading 404 Media offers compelling investigative technology journalism.
What I See A delightful Canadian LGBTQ+ ice hockey romance series.
What I Am Working On Organizing a European tour for the science fiction anthology *We Will Rise Again*.
Elon Musk assisted the U.S. government in slashing science budgets
Jason C. Andrew/Bloomberg via Getty Images
One of the most iconic images of 2025 features billionaire Elon Musk, a special adviser in President Donald Trump’s administration, brandishing a gleaming red chainsaw and proclaiming a message about reducing federal funding. This heavy-handed metaphor captured the impending cuts that would have profound impacts on scientific funding, leading to the cancellation of space missions and critical public health and climate programs.
President Trump’s rapid dismantling of decades of American leadership in science has been astonishing, with effects likely to last far longer than anticipated. It began with fervor—just a week after Trump took office in January, he signed an order that temporarily halted grants and loans from federal agencies. This led to thousands of NIH grants being suspended or terminated, which is one of the world’s leading biomedical research funders. According to Grant Witness, a platform tracking changes in federal funding during the Trump era, the contraction in funding from entities such as NIH and NSF totals nearly $3 billion.
Following that initial wave, Musk led an independent task force known as the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), which was charged with slashing government expenditures. While DOGE aimed to cut costs across the federal landscape, many of its moves directly impacted scientists and researchers. There were significant job cuts at agencies such as the CDC, NASA, the EPA, and the NOAA, among others. In October, the Trump administration announced additional cuts targeting major scientific institutions including the US Geological Survey and the National Park Service, which play crucial roles in monitoring the health of the nation’s agriculture and natural resources and protecting biodiversity.
This all reflects a sweeping policy overhaul during Trump’s presidency. Since WWII, the U.S. has championed scientific research as a pillar of progress and prosperity, a notion conceptualized in the 1940s by the architects of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the predecessor to the NSF. This ethos, dubbed the “Endless Frontier,” was a revolutionary framework for establishing global leadership in research and technology development. Trump’s administration has systematically dismantled it.
Not only did Trump shrink federal research agencies, but his administration pressured universities to ensure their educational and research agendas reflected government interests. Moreover, he took aggressive actions against established scientific principles. Almost predictably, Trump initiated the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement, the preeminent global accord on climate change, shortly after assuming office. Later that year, during a speech at the UN, he labeled climate change “the largest fraud ever perpetrated” and maligned renewable energy as “scams.”
Unsatisfied with these actions, the Trump administration also dismantled key climate data resources and reports previously generated by the government. Staff reductions in many scientific organizations led to the cancellation of essential climate teleconferences at NOAA, and crucial assessments like the U.S. National Climate Assessment were halted. Remaining personnel adhered to Trump’s narrative—for instance, NOAA scientists shocked external climate experts when they dismissed connections between global warming and climate change earlier this year.
U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. doubts established scientific views
Thomas/NurPhoto/Shutterstock
Furthermore, public health records saw significant damage. In April, key scientists running the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were dismissed. Later, layoffs occurred at the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which monitors nationwide food security to guide aid allocation. The National Center for Health Statistics also faced cuts, significantly undermining its ability to track important metrics such as births, deaths, and maternal health. The National Death Index was also minimized, eliminating a vital resource for public health studies.
Health policy has become especially murky and devoid of evidence due to President Trump’s selection of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as head of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Kennedy, a longtime vaccine skeptic, presided over more than 10,000 layoffs in government agencies and fueled conflict with public health authorities, leading to many resignations. He perpetuated the discredited notion that vaccines cause autism and even promoted the unfounded claim that Tylenol during pregnancy contributes to autism. In June, President Kennedy bypassed standard procedures to inform that the CDC would no longer endorse COVID-19 vaccinations for children and pregnant individuals. His leadership has embedded the U.S. anti-vaccine movement within the government, damaging public trust in health institutions post-COVID-19.
Under Trump, the U.S. is also retreating from its leadership role in space exploration. Although the president’s budget request delivered in May hasn’t yet been enacted, it hints at a 47% cut to NASA that would stifle scientific progress and eliminate various missions, including ones already underway. For instance, samples collected from Mars by the Perseverance rover will not return to Earth, the Da Vinci probe intended to study Venus will not land, and the Osiris-Apex spacecraft will not gather data on an asteroid, vital for tracking potential threats to Earth. Additionally, NASA is experiencing leadership turmoil, with the U.S. Secretary of Transportation unsuccessfully attempting to manage it, compounded by President Trump’s inconsistent support for his nomination of billionaire Jared Isaacman.
The private sector is also gaining influence amid the Trump administration’s policies. Major tech companies are attempting to forge closer ties with the administration, showcasing their executives at various functions and providing lavish gifts during Trump’s inauguration. They may be looking to gain favor, as evidenced by a new $300 million ballroom in the White House. Their motives could involve seeking exemptions from antitrust regulations or simply reaping the benefits of relaxed environmental standards, while also pushing for developing major data centers for AI projects.
Nearly a year into Trump’s second term, the outlook for scientific progress remains unclear, particularly since the 2026 federal budget is still pending Congressional approval. Even if all proposed cuts do not pass, the administration’s erratic and often antagonistic stance toward science and its practitioners could result in further turmoil, prompting more scientists to exit the U.S. and diminishing critical funding for research essential for public health and ecological sustainability. The demise of the Endless Frontier will reduce America’s global influence, with consequences likely to be felt for years, if not decades.
In The Occupant, Abby (Ella Balinska) navigates the wilderness of Georgia.
TCD/Prod.DB/Alamy
Some concepts are so engaging and instinctual that it’s often better to quickly recycle them instead of dissecting them. In 1950, Isaac Asimov adapted some puzzle stories to create Agatha Christie’s intriguing science fiction narrative set in outer space, Me, Robot. Meanwhile, in 1968, Stanley Kubrick raised the bar for films addressing artificial intelligence with 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the robot storyline becomes repetitive in an almost infinite cycle.
This year, Electric Nation intertwines a narrative of robot insurrection, while M3 Gun 2.0 demonstrates that a formidable killer bot can’t be restrained. With Fellow, we explored the perspective of a femme bot, creating a fitting adult-themed homage to Asimov.
All three projects engaged with prevalent themes of free will and examined when to regard machines as human. Notably, M3 Gun 2.0 was particularly enjoyable to work on, featuring a rubber-boned robot babysitter from 2023 who returns from her backup disc to save the world from her killbot sister, Am3lia. Though the script has its flaws, the humor, genre callbacks, and jump scares are well executed.
Drew Hancock’s Fellow, which follows an uninformed fembot as she uncovers her identity, felt like it could delve deeper but ultimately faltered. Months later, all that lingers in memory is a memorable cameo by Rupert Friend.
Directors Anthony and Joe Russo’s Electric Nation received backlash for their “make it up as we go” approach, which seemed mismatched with the reflective visuals that inspired their film. Devotees of Simon Stålenhag’s illustrated works were left frustrated, while others endured two hours of anticipation for something to validate the film’s stunning aesthetics. With a staggering $320 million budget, it begs the question: should they have constructed a theme park instead?
Bong Joon Ho’s Mickey 17 presents a scenario where blue-collar astronaut Mickey Barnes (Robert Pattinson) is enslaved by a robot because of his reprintability. The accomplished director of Parasite, Okja, and Snowpiercer reveals his satirical edge, but sadly, the film lacks faith in its audience, overwhelming with explanations.
“
Seizing opportunities while attracting mass audiences may be a strategy that Stanley Kubrick and others took to their graves. “
Filmmakers in science fiction have consistently crafted intriguing extraterrestrial beings. From Solaris and Arrival to Vanishing and Under the Skin, it seems that the trend in 2025 toward monsters and demonic possession signals not fatigue but rather a transition of the horror genre into its more grounded cousin.
Scott Derrickson’s horrifying hollowness takes years to build upon in Canyon, a mix of Cold War romance, espionage, and Lovecraftian horror that undermines its intriguing elements. As Miles Teller and Anya Taylor-Joy portray elite snipers from global superpowers guarding a vast valley in a secretive country, the extended prologue feels drawn out.
In contrast, Hugo Kaiser’s Occupier effectively showcases Abby (Ella Balinska) grappling with her own guilt and sorrow in the secluded Georgia wilderness, aided by disembodied voices, whether they are human allies or alien influencers.
We find ourselves in a stronger genre narrative with Ash, directed by Los Angeles’ Flying Lotus, presenting a unique full-length music video experience that dazzles and perplexes. Liya (Eiza González) awakens with amnesia aboard a space station filled with bodies. Bryon (Aaron Paul) comes to her aid, but is he truly what he seems? The onboard AI alarms her to strange life forms on the vessel, treading familiar territory but still offering a refreshing take.
No surprise then, that two of this year’s notable films were substantially high-budget. It reiterates the notion that seizing opportunities while catering to a large audience is a timeless trick.
Serpil Altin’s Once Upon a Time in the Future:2121 explores a family deliberating whether to dispose of their elderly in order to comply with a “law of scarcity” enforced by a hilariously overzealous regime. Meanwhile, Joshua Oppenheimer’s end presents a musical tale about a family’s decision to execute an unanticipated visitor, a dilemma you may have encountered before.
These two films, alongside Occupier, challenge the notion that science fiction must rely on originality of plots. Science fiction is simply fiction; uh, fiction centers on humanity, and humans experience an infinitely diverse range of situations, even in common predicaments.
Ela Al Shamahi serves as the ideal guide through the journey of our ancestors. In human, she provides an in-depth exploration of our history spanning over 300,000 years, revealing our complicated ties to humanity. Paleoanthropologists weave a narrative showing that humans are not the only species possessing intelligence and creativity.
Notable moments include a visit to Indonesia to explore ‘The Hobbit’ remains (Homo floresiensis, our extinct meter-tall relative) and the discovery of ancient seashells crafted into jewelry by early humans.
The series also features intriguing analyses, such as footprints found in dried lakes hinting at a mother’s urgent trek and growth rings in Neanderthal teeth indicating longer childhoods than previously thought.
NASA astronaut Anna Fisher featured in ‘Once Upon a Time in Space’
James Bloomer’s latest endeavor is an unmissable series tracing the history of space exploration from the late 1970s to today. It features numerous personal stories, including NASA astronaut Anna Fisher’s experiences as the first mother in space and Michael Fall’s gripping recount of the Russian space station Mir’s crew navigating a dangerous collision that led to depressurization.
The series showcases touching footage of Carl McNair’s father expressing pride in his brother Ronald, who was one of the first Black astronauts to lose his life in the 1986 Challenger disaster. “It took four generations to go from slavery to space,” says Carl, filled with a mix of joy and sorrow.
Wild Dog Puppies of the Kingdom
BBC Studios/Anna Place
kingdom(BBC iPlayer, airing on PBS starting January 24, 2026)
Before its release, the latest production from David Attenborough and the BBC Natural History Unit has already been aptly characterized as a Shakespearean drama set in the natural world. This series promises gripping intrigue right from the first episode. It chronicles the struggles of four rival factions: a leopard family, a wild dog pack, a lion pride, and a hyena clan, all based in Nsef, a stunning corner of South Luangwa National Park in Zambia.
The narrative unfolds with the entrance of the wild dog named Storm and his team, engaging in a complex feud with the elegant leopard Orimba. As each group competes for resources and territory, tense confrontations lead to astonishing moments of violence.
Witnessing these creatures’ lives is a privilege, and viewers will certainly grow fond of them, especially the strong matriarchs and Flint, the three-legged wild dog trapped in a poacher’s snare. Prepare for an emotional experience, and perhaps keep some tissues handy.
The late Jane Goodall with her chimpanzee companion
The renowned primatologist Jane Goodall sadly passed away this year, but her legacy continues in a new series. In Famous Last Words, adapted from a Danish format, interviews are conducted shortly before the subjects’ deaths.
Goodall’s interview is released posthumously and showcases her brilliance. With her stuffed monkey, Mr. H, she sits down with a glass of whiskey, intended to prevent her voice from tiring during the lengthy conversation that follows.
The episode remains engaging throughout, as Goodall passionately advocates for a kinder, sustainable world. Various topics are discussed, including her pioneering research, Shakespeare, animal grief, the supernatural, her views on marriage, and Mr. H’s origins. Yet, it’s her warmth and dry wit that transforms this conversation into a heartfelt experience.
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Reading Space: This year’s top science fiction novels
Mikkel William/Getty Images
What are the standout science fiction titles released this year? We will begin with two books that aren’t brand new, yet have recently been translated into English.
First up is ice by Jacek Dukaj, initially released in Poland in 2007 and met with critical acclaim. This alternate history takes place in early 1920s Europe, where a chilling winter has enveloped the land, possibly due to external forces. Our main character must travel on the Trans-Siberian Railway to uncover the truth.
This novel evokes a feeling similar to that of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials. Imagine if Pullman’s trilogy were reimagined as classic Russian literature, enriched with darker themes and extended passages.
While I favor concise sentences, if you seek substantial and distinctly original science fiction, and aren’t deterred by lengthy yet rewarding narratives, this could be your perfect match.
The second title is Sea Beasts, penned by Iida Turpeinen, which made waves in Finland in 2023. More of a science-themed novel than pure science fiction, it is exquisitely written and much easier to read than Ice. This story discusses the natural world and environmental degradation through the lens of the extinct sea cow’s journey. It’s an ideal seasonal gift for any literary enthusiast who appreciates tales of exploration or early scientific discoveries from the 1700s.
Now, I want to bring attention to a captivating book that has been on my mind since the start of the year. For all science fiction fans, this is likely to catch your interest.
This year’s standout science fiction for me is Slow Gods, the debut sci-fi novel from renowned author Claire North.
Recently, new science fiction works are often likened to those of the late Iain M. Banks, as publishers recognize the fanbase eager for such tales. While direct comparisons might be tenuous, Slow Gods certainly has the ambition and creativity to warrant such praise.
For those who enjoy classic science fiction narratives, I would also suggest Here and Beyond, which tells a captivating story reminiscent of the Generational Ark, authored by Hal LaCroix.
What We Can Know by Ian McEwan, while not strictly science fiction, is set in a sunken vision of Britain, qualifying it as speculative and environmental dystopia. This makes it a worthwhile read even if you’re not typically a fan of McEwan, as many of its themes linger long after you finish.
Another unique and speculative debut is Simply Put, It’s Beautiful, from Roz Dineen, who is gaining a lot of traction in the UK right now.
If you’re interested in short stories and essays within science fiction, I highly recommend View from the Stars, authored by the renowned Liu Cixin, known for The Three-Body Problem. This collection showcases both fiction and nonfiction, demonstrating Liu’s talent as a writer and thinker.
“
New science fiction is often compared to the works of Iain M. Banks. Slow Gods possesses the scope and fearlessness to merit such comparisons. “
Regarding futuristic technology, I found Somebody Like Me by Lucy Lapinska (which examines robot rights) and Every Version of You by Grace Chan (a fresh perspective on humanity in a digital future) to be particularly appealing.
In conclusion, for a gift opportunity for an aspiring science fiction enthusiast, I revisited three timeless classics this year that have aged gracefully: The Prestige by Christopher Priest (Emotionally Complex Puzzles), Neuromancer by William Gibson (The book that sparked the Cyberpunk movement, still profoundly relevant), and The Draco Tavern by Larry Niven (a series of interconnected short stories filled with unexpected concepts).
I hope you all find joy in your reading adventures!
Emily H. Wilson is the author of Sumerian, a trilogy of historical fantasy novels set in the ancient civilization of Sumer. She is currently working on her debut science fiction novel.
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Netflix’s adaptation of The Electric State. Author Simon Stålenhag has a new book releasing this month.
Netflix
<p>December typically sees a slowdown in new publishing releases, and this year is no exception, with a notable decline in fresh science fiction offerings. Nevertheless, there are still some captivating titles available this month. I'm excited about an upcoming book from artist and author Simon Stålenhag, a new dystopian illustrated work, a mystically-themed Russian novel, and the concluding part of Bethany Jacobs' fantastic space opera series. If you’re interested in a classic, Jacobs previously wrote for the New Scientist Book Club about the influence of the late Ian M. Banks on her world-building. The club is currently exploring Banks’ iconic culture novel, <em>game player</em> – we welcome you to join us.</p>
<p>The creator of <em>electric nation</em> is getting a Netflix adaptation, promising another visually striking tale set in a deserted Swedish military installation. Two young men venture into a restricted area on a remote Swedish island, where a “giant future machine” awaits within a “retro-future dystopia.” What’s particularly exciting is that Stålenhag is both an artist and a writer, known for other notable works like <em>stories from the loop</em> and <em>what came from the flood</em>.</p>
<p><figure class="ArticleImage"><div class="Image__Wrapper"><img class="Image" alt="New scientist. Our website and magazine feature science news and long reads by expert journalists covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment." width="1350" height="899" src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg" srcset="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093517/sei275907196.jpg?width=2006 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 1288px) 837px, (min-width: 1024px) calc(57.5vw + 55px), (min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(70vw + 74px)" loading="lazy" data-image-context="Article" data-image-id="2506419" data-caption="In Edge of Oblivion, the world is on the brink of war" data-credit="Shutterstock / Andrea Danti"/></div><figcaption class="ArticleImageCaption"><div class="ArticleImageCaption__CaptionWrapper"><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Title">In Edge of Oblivion, the world is on the brink of war</p><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Credit">Shutterstock / Andrea Danti</p></div></figcaption></figure></p>
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<p>This science fiction thriller features computer scientist Mitch and his quantum AI, Amy, stationed in space, responsible for the United States' safety as global tensions rise. When an interstellar probe malfunctions, distorting time and space, Mitch and Amy must work together to avert humanity's extinction.</p>
<p>Bethany Jacobs, who received the Philip K. Dick Award for her first novel in the Kingdom trilogy, <em>burning stars</em>, concludes her space opera series with <em>this cruel moon</em>, as conflict erupts and the colonies fight for their freedoms.</p>
<p>The premise of this translated novel intrigues me: the residents of a Russian village wake up to find that the road to the highway has vanished. Any attempt to leave leads them back to the village. Venturing into the forest results in disappearances, or returns as alternate versions of themselves. Modern technology and the internet have vanished, and the forests are becoming increasingly familiar...</p>
<p><figure class="ArticleImage"><div class="Image__Wrapper"><img class="Image" alt="New scientist. Our website and magazine feature science news and long reads by expert journalists covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment." width="1350" height="900" src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg" srcset="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01093353/sei275907216.jpg?width=2006 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 1288px) 837px, (min-width: 1024px) calc(57.5vw + 55px), (min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(70vw + 74px)" loading="lazy" data-image-context="Article" data-image-id="2506418" data-caption="In The Village at the Edge of Noon, if you go into the woods, you vanish..." data-credit="Zeferli/iStockphoto/Getty Images"/></div><figcaption class="ArticleImageCaption"><div class="ArticleImageCaption__CaptionWrapper"><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Title">``Midday Village'' disappears when you enter the forest...</p><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Credit">Zeferli/iStockphoto/Getty Images</p></div></figcaption></figure></p>
<p>I usually don't engage much with TV tie-in novels, but I’m currently obsessed with the latest series of <em>stranger things</em>, especially since one of the writers is involved. The narrative unfolds two months after Season 4, with Nancy and Robin delving into a new mystery while pursuing Vecna. But could their latest escapade connect to the Upside Down in some way?</p>
<p>A new short story collection from the bestselling author Sanderson explores both science fiction and fantasy, including tales from his Cosmere universe and a new novella titled <em>Zero moment</em>. The collection also features insights into Sanderson's writing process.</p>
<p><figure class="ArticleImage"><div class="Image__Wrapper"><img class="Image" alt="New scientist. Our website and magazine feature science news and long reads by expert journalists covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment." width="1350" height="900" src="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg" srcset="https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/01095523/sei275906622.jpg?width=2006 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 1288px) 837px, (min-width: 1024px) calc(57.5vw + 55px), (min-width: 415px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(70vw + 74px)" loading="lazy" data-image-context="Article" data-image-id="2506422" data-caption="Natalia Dyer as Nancy Wheeler in Stranger Things: Season 5" data-credit="Netflix 2025"/></div><figcaption class="ArticleImageCaption"><div class="ArticleImageCaption__CaptionWrapper"><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Title">Natalia Dyer as Nancy Wheeler in Stranger Things: Season 5</p><p class="ArticleImageCaption__Credit">Netflix 2025</p></div></figcaption></figure></p>
<h2><a href="https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/robin-cook/spasm/9781035079179"><em>convulsions</em></a> Written by Robin Cook</h2>
<p>This isn’t strictly science fiction but leans into the realm of science thriller, following a mission to prevent a catastrophic biological weapon from annihilating the world. Protagonists Laurie and Jack investigate a series of inexplicable deaths and a rise in Alzheimer's disease in the vicinity of Essex Falls.</p>
<h2><a href="https://sebastianfitzek.com/books/mimik"><em>Mimic</em></a> Written by Sebastian Fitzek</h2>
<p>This psychological thriller unfolds in a bizarre manner (but not in a bad way). We follow Germany’s leading expert on facial resonance, Hannah Herbst. Despite suffering from amnesia, she endeavors to track down a woman who confessed to murdering her family and subsequently escaped from custody. The only clue Hannah has is the woman’s confession video, but the twist? The woman in the video is... Hannah herself. It's a wild ride!</p>
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The late Ian M. Banks, renowned author of the Culture science fiction series
Ray Charles Redman
As an author of space operas set in unique universes, I’ve always created detailed world-building documents—everything from character arcs to intricate plot outlines and comprehensive cultural entries. This is a crucial aspect of my writing process, and I’ve been studying exemplary models in world-building. One outstanding example is the late Ian M. Banks, who passed in 2013 and was an exceptional architect of worlds.
Best known for his Culture series, Banks portrayed this cultural civilization as a “secular paradise.” In his envisioned world, human, machine, and AI coexist in a post-scarcity utopia, managed by a benevolent AI known as the Mind, which oversees societal well-being. Unlike other science fiction narratives that depict AI as tyrants (think The Matrix), in the Culture, humans and machines enjoy equal rights and meaningful, trusting relationships. Ultimately, while machines govern, they generally make sound decisions, leaving the human population free from oppression.
Yet, it’s rarely that straightforward. In Banks’ The Player of Games (1988), the protagonist, Guruge, becomes disenchanted with his seemingly perfect life within the Culture. His visit to the whimsical Empire of Azad reveals a stark contrast as its inhabitants challenge their cultural utopia, driven by valid grievances. This world has a condescending and ethnographic view of other civilizations, leading to debates about whether to leave them be or assimilate them. In the novella Consider Phlebas, members of the Contact Service acknowledge that integrating Earth into their world could lead to billions of deaths, yet they deem it acceptable if it ultimately creates something better. This ongoing struggle between an idyllic culture and a supremacist empire is a recurring theme, skillfully explored by Banks. His world-building richly contributes to this exploration.
As someone fascinated by the intricacies of world-building, I recently immersed myself in Banks’ posthumously published work, Culture: Drawing, which compiles a collection of his handwritten sketches and notes.
In this book, he addresses a question that resonates with my own writing: What languages do my characters speak, and why? What naming customs do I follow for people and places? How does technology influence not just societal structures but everyday life? Banks’ sketches provide insights into these queries, featuring rough designs of ships, elaborate diagrams of weaponry, numerical calculations, and detailed maps that illustrate both the utopian and militaristic elements of the Culture. These documents reveal the depth of Banks’ writing process and how he achieved the distinctive universe and civilization.
Concept art of the Mini Drone Advanced Weapons System (M-DAWS) microdrone by Iain M. Banks
Ian M. Banks Estate 2023
Currently, I am working on a novel that involves an advanced extraterrestrial culture. I often think back to Octavia Butler’s Lilith’s Brood, where a benevolent alien race restricts humanity’s agency. Additionally, Jack Sternberg’s short story “So Far From Home” comes to mind, depicting aliens visiting Earth with a persistent disdain for humanity. And then there’s Banks. His writings serve as a comprehensive guide for crafting worlds that feel authentic and relatable, even amidst the unfamiliar. While I may lack Banks’ artistic prowess, I share his inclination to visualize societies, design blueprints for communal spaces, and create star maps to highlight significant locations.
This is the exhilarating allure of science fiction for me—an imaginative world waiting to be explored.
Octavia E. Butler, a source of inspiration for Bethany Jacobs
Malcolm Ali/Wire Image/Getty
However, Banks’ world-building extends beyond the overt. The reason I am drawn to Banks, as previously mentioned, is his work Consider Phlebas, where the protagonist is an alien visitor to Earth. This character approaches Earth’s culture and history with a mix of curiosity and horror, discovering the complexities of humanity’s past. While the narrative often maintains a light-hearted tone, Banks deftly injects darker undertones that illustrate cultural dilemmas.
A notable scene occurs during a dinner party where the character Lee makes absurd claims about Earth’s destruction. His friends tease him, yet their seeming lack of urgency contrasts with the gravity of historical atrocities, akin to the “Final Solution.” The moment peaks when Lee presents lab-grown human cells for consumption—a grotesque dish of human flesh. “If only they could see us now!” one character exclaims joyously. “Cannibals from outer space!”
This world-building instance captivates me.
Consuming a human steak cultivated in a lab starkly differs in magnitude from historical atrocities like the Holocaust, yet both reveal a chilling numbness toward human life—a farcical detachment from those perceived as lesser beings. This scene offers a glance at a culture that Banks’ illustrations of weaponry and colossal ships may suggest but cannot fully convey on an emotional level. Thus, in Banks’ novels, world-building encompasses more than geography, language, and technology; it embodies tone. His unique blend of levity and unease showcases his mastery of the craft.
If you are new to Banks, I highly recommend exploring his sketches and technical notes. They afford valuable insights into the construction and mechanics of creating new worlds. Pay attention to the inherent contradictions and uncertainties woven through character dialogues and introspections, an area where Banks excels particularly. Observe his tone. Appreciate his humor. For me, this is the most profound lesson.
Bethany Jacobs is the Philip K. Dick Award-winning author of novels.Burning Stars(Trajectory). Ian M. Banks Culture novelThe Player of Games(Orbit) is the December 2025 read for the New Scientist Book Club. Join us for the discussion here.
Holiday reading: A selection of this year’s most popular science books
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The book’s cover vividly illustrates the challenge, with “positive” highlighted in a vivid yellow. We understand how tipping points function—minor changes can result in major, even critical, shifts within systems. In the context of climate change, this could manifest as extensive ice sheet melting or the collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Tim Renton, an expert on modeling these tipping points, emphasizes that the order of their occurrence is crucial.
Renton advocates for positivity in this insightful examination of potential solutions. He notes that pressure from small groups can spur change, suggesting that while government policies are vital, transformative actions often arise from organizations, disruptive innovations, and economic or environmental shocks.
Individual actions can also be influential and are often shaped by personal choices, such as reducing meat consumption or opting for electric vehicles.
Despite the unpredictability of science communicators, Clearing the Air by Hannah Ritchie serves as a stealthy asset, offering data-driven insights on the path to achieving net-zero emissions. Additionally, it counters misleading claims like those suggesting heat pumps are ineffective in colder climates, or whether wind turbines harm birds. While the evidence indicates that wind farms do indeed pose risks to some avian populations, those figures pale in comparison to annual fatalities caused by domesticated cats, buildings, vehicles, and pesticides.
Nonetheless, wind turbines can threaten certain bat species, migratory birds, and raptors. Ritchie also proposes mitigation strategies, including painting turbines black and halting blade movement in low-wind scenarios.
Realistically, Renton encourages us to adopt a broader perspective. While imagining a time when the combustion of fossil fuels may be viewed as obsolete or reprehensible seems challenging, he posits that “the nature of tipping points in social norms dictates that what was once thought impossible can eventually come to seem inevitable.”
What could be more foolish than penning a history of stupidity? Stuart Jeffries, author of this captivating book, elegantly navigates this intriguing topic. He explores what we define as stupidity: ignorance? Inability to learn? Jeffries argues that stupidity is a subjective judgment rather than an objective measure. Science cannot quantify it merely by referring to low IQ scores.
His inquiry into the essence of stupidity is both global and historical, guiding us on a philosophical expedition through the thoughts of Plato, Socrates, Voltaire, Schopenhauer, and lesser-known philosophers. He also highlights various Eastern philosophical schools (such as Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism), which present an alternative perspective on intellect that may obstruct personal growth and enlightenment, referred to by Buddhists as Nirvana. Overall, this engaging book avoids frivolity and surprises with its depth.
Many of us may resonate with the continuous thoughts that form the backdrop of our daily lives: “Did the kids get enough protein this week?” “Which bed frame complements our bedroom decor?” This phenomenon, termed “cognitive housework,” is the mental effort invested in managing family life—a dimension often overlooked in studies addressing gender disparities in domestic responsibilities, according to sociologist Alison Damminger.
This book shines a light on such important themes and rightfully deserves praise. Breadwinner of the Family by Melissa Hogenboom delves into hidden power dynamics and unconscious biases that affect our lives. As our reviewers noted, this book compellingly presents evidence to recognize and rectify these imbalances—ideal for family reading during the holidays.
While you might assume something is either equal or unequal, mathematician Eugenia Chen contends that some aspects are “more equal than others,” both in mathematics and in life.
Her insightful analysis reveals the nuanced meaning of “equality,” helping us grasp its complexities. It also warns against the everyday pitfalls of presuming that two individuals with matching IQ scores possess the same level of intelligence.
In this visually striking book, marine biologist Helen Scales melds art and science, offering a beautifully illustrated exploration of marine artwork, from shorelines to the deep sea.
During her school years, Scales faced a choice between pursuing art and a scientific career. In this work, she curates pieces that “celebrate the ocean’s diversity,” showcasing how collaboration between artists and scientists plays a crucial role in documenting marine biodiversity. Illustrations remain essential; she recalls an ichthyologist who recognized the necessity of blending sketching skills with scientific knowledge to classify the peculiar female deep-sea anglerfish accurately.
Awareness around autism in girls has often been limited, but neuroscientist Gina Rippon presents a poignant narrative that reflects this reality. In her insightful account, she reveals that the understanding of autism’s prevalence among women and girls has been significantly underestimated. By embracing the notion that autism primarily affects boys, she acknowledges that she, too, contributed to this misrepresentation.
One particular story highlights this issue: “Alice,” a mother of two young sons—one neurotypical and the other autistic—faced mental health challenges in college and sought a diagnosis for nearly three years. Her journey included misdiagnosis such as borderline personality disorder with social anxiety. Yet, her revelation came when she dropped her son “Peter” off at daycare: watching him socialize revealed to her the environmental factors influencing both their experiences.
Alice realized, observing Peter’s innate confidence, “He was from a world that I was looking at from the outside…He automatically…seemed like he belonged.” She comprehended her own position in relation to not having autism—an eye-opening moment.
Geologist Anjana Khatwa merges science and spirituality in a captivating journey through time itself, examining the world through rocks and minerals. She elucidates how geology is interwoven with some of today’s most pressing issues while addressing the field’s notable lack of diversity and the exquisite Makrana marble that graces the Taj Mahal.
What is Barney? Why do we reminisce about Sycamore Gap? What defines ancient? This ambitious tome, adorned with maps and photographs, embarks on an adventure to discover the 1,000 finest trees flourishing in the urban areas of Great Britain and Ireland.
Paul Wood’s field excursions craft a richly annotated narrative that celebrates trees living up to 3,000 years, shaped by their unique contours and environments. Enjoy the culinary delights as you map out your own tree exploration during the winter months.
Sandra Knapp, a senior botanist at the Natural History Museum in London, posits that to comprehend orchids, one should think like a matchmaker, focusing on their reproductive habits. The book Flower Day occupies a unique niche in the Earth Day series. It elegantly details the life cycle of a species within a 24-hour frame, skillfully illustrated by Katie Scott. The series also includes titles like Mushroom Day and Tree Day in the 2025 installments, with Seashell Day and Snake Day stipulated for 2026.
Nap celebrates flowers of varied hues and sizes while delving into all facets of their reproductive systems, paying homage to Carl Linnaeus. For instance, European chicory, whose blue petals bloom around 4 a.m., aligns perfectly with his advice to plant early in the morning.
The phrase “Do you need help with that?” can invoke frustration among adults over 60 who struggle with technology. Thus, it is refreshing to find a book that separates fact from stereotype, focusing on the “unresolved” field of research regarding older individuals and tech.
The authors emphasize that older adults, who are becoming an increasing demographic among the world’s billions, often feel overlooked and face negative assumptions from younger generations. A healthy society necessitates the involvement of this aging population.
One key insight from this book reveals that older adults are less susceptible to fake news and scams. Their adoption of mobile technology is on the rise, with smartphone ownership among those 60 and over ballooning from 13 percent in 2012 to a remarkable 61 percent by 2021. With such engagement, do we really want to rely on outdated stereotypes?
When I gifted this book to two friends a decade ago, they were unfamiliar with Carlo Rovelli, but both grew to love his work. Now, a special commemorative edition recalls how Rovelli managed to encapsulate the complexities of general relativity, quantum mechanics, black holes, and elementary particles in just 79 pages.
Revisiting the final chapter a decade after the Polycrisis, I find it resonates deeply with humanity’s plight, caught between curiosity and jeopardy. Rovelli poetically expresses that “When, on the edge of what we know, we encounter an ocean of the unknown, the mystery and beauty of the world are revealed—and it’s breathtaking.”
In its delightful new format, this is the perfect gift for anyone yet to experience his invaluable insights.
Feedback is New Scientist A well-regarded outlet that observes the latest in science and technology news. If you have suggestions for articles that may interest our readers, please reach out via email at feedback@newscientist.com.
Too Harsh to Mention
Feedback encompasses numerous holidaymakers who have breached France’s swimming attire regulations. For those unaware, French law mandates men use tight-fitting swim briefs in public pools, while loose shorts are forbidden. This explains the absence of feedback from French pools.
Feedback refers to these snug garments as “budgie smugglers,” an Australian slang term that has crossed over to Britain. I later discovered that there’s an Aussie swimwear brand named Budgy Smuggler, famous for its swim briefs adorned with vibrant hibiscus patterns, which deterred me from pursuing further.
Now, let’s wander back to the core issues. Associate editor Thomas Leslie came across a research paper on medRxiv titled “Crossover Research Between Male Scholars” discussing the advantages of swim trunks versus shorts. It’s intriguing to ponder what search queries Thomas utilized to find this study.
Diving deeper, the authors clarify that France’s insistence on briefs is due to hygiene concerns, stating “loose clothing could introduce external contaminants into the pool environment.” However, “these claims remain unverified.” To investigate, they recruited 21 male academics, enticing them with free swim briefs, and instructed them to wear shorts or briefs for two hours, followed by soaking them in water. The researchers analyzed the water for bacteria and discovered higher bacterial counts from shorts compared to briefs.
In a follow-up, five participants attempted to swim in “local waters,” leading to quite an eventful experience: one volunteer had his clothes stolen, resulting in an awkward public spectacle. Another phase involved participants drying their briefs on a rock while swimming in their shorts. Canis lupus familis—I momentarily urinated at [them].
Feedback requires, I must admit, I was somewhat perplexed by the experiment. If shorts harbor more germs but you must wring them out to release microbes into the water, does it make a significant difference? The researchers themselves express uncertainty regarding the findings, noting that the pressure the briefs exert might reduce rectal contact with the fabric, possibly influencing the results.
Alternatively, fluid dynamics could play a crucial role in bacteria release from the shorts. The authors write, “Interestingly, the influence of pool hydrodynamic resistance on bacterial shedding remains poorly understood, and to our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the fluid dynamics of various swimsuit types.” Someone should definitely draft that grant proposal.
Bold Bald Physique
It has finally happened: LEGO reached an agreement with the owners of Star Trek. The first release features a large model of the USS Enterprise-D from The Next Generation.
Kudos to the designer who tackled such a challenging task. The sleek curves and elusive straight lines of the Enterprise-D make it a significant feat to construct from primarily rectangular blocks.
The authors observe that researchers usually select the same pieces for mice, predominantly Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major K.448 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a composition believed to enhance children’s intelligence, known as the “Mozart effect,” which has been largely discredited over time. This skepticism gained traction in a 2010 study titled “Mozart Effect – Schmozart Effect: Meta-Analysis”.
It seems peculiar that biologists are so fixated on playing this supposedly non-intelligence-boosting Mozart piece. The authors note, “Mice can hear sounds ranging from about 2 kHz to 100 kHz,” while most of the sonata falls below 1 kHz; thus, mice likely hear very little of it.
Consequently, the researchers designed a “mouse disco” testing setup consisting of four soundproof rooms interconnected by a tunnel. Each room played different music: one featured Mozart, another played electronic dance music from The Very Best of Euphoric Dance: Breakdown 2001 – CD1, a third showcased what the team labeled “classic rock” (much to Feedback’s amusement, including tracks by Nazareth, Firehouse, and the dreaded Whitesnake), and the fourth had a Taylor Swift playlist.
The mice exhibited no strong preferences, notably spending the least time in the Mozart room. Take that, Amadeus!
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“We are not just composed of human cells and microorganisms, but fragments from others as well…”
Lois Fordham/Millennium Images
Hidden Guests Translated by Lise Barnoud and Bronwyn Haslam, Greystone Books
Although my children were conceived using donated eggs, one might presume we lack any genetic connections. Yet, science confirms that this assumption is not entirely accurate.
Research reveals that during pregnancy, fetal cells traverse the placenta and integrate into the mother’s body, affecting various organs. Likewise, my mother’s cells—and even those transferred from her to me—can also reach my children. With an older sister, the cellular sharing could potentially be even more extensive. Her cells may have crossed into my mother, then to me, and subsequently transferred to my children.
This intriguing concept and its ramifications—that we are holobionts, consisting not just of human cells and microbes but also fragments of other cells—lie at the core of the book. Hidden Guests: How Cell Migration and the New Science of Microchimerism Are Redefining Human Identity by Liz Barneau.
Barneau not only documents the serendipitous discovery of these microchimeric cells but also discusses how cultural and political factors have shaped their interpretation. The notion that pieces of a parent, sibling, or even a fetus reside within our bodies or minds can elicit a spectrum of emotions.
“Some find solace in feeling connected to deceased loved ones, while others worry about renewed control exerted by men,” she notes, referencing claims by some anti-abortion advocates that fetal cells “haunt” women post-abortion, causing illnesses and punishing them.
Fortunately, Barneau primarily focuses on scientific evidence. She chronicles the journeys of researchers through their errors, inquiries, and breakthroughs, illustrating how cells derived from fetuses can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. While these cells might facilitate tissue repair and combat tumors, they are also implicated in autoimmune disorders. Barneau handles the more sensitive topics with care, describing how the cells of an aborted fetus can persist in a woman’s body for decades.
Additionally, she explores how their presence can disrupt traditional genetic inheritance patterns, unveiling remarkable biological enigmas. For instance, a woman may use her own eggs to conceive all her sons, yet only a third of her sons may exhibit shared genetic features. Alternatively, a woman with hepatitis C might possess numerous liver cells that correspond to DNA from two former partners, potentially linked to an aborted pregnancy years before. There’s also the case of an Olympic cyclist who tried to explain a suspicious blood type mix by claiming “vanishing twins,” referring to fraternal twins whose DNA merges in utero.
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The existence of microchimeric cells could create extraordinary biological mysteries “
Hidden Guests is clearly articulated and full of insightful analogies. Journalist Barneau likens microchimeric cells in our bodies to stars in distant galaxies that “bear molecular signatures distinct from ours.” She draws parallels stating that blaming a cell for a tumor’s growth is akin to assigning fault for a fire to a firefighter.
Many revelations await readers. Spoiler alert: Barneau encourages contemplation on the fact that, just as donor cells migrate from a transplanted organ to various parts of a recipient’s body, cells containing a partner’s genetic material can enter blood and lymphatic vessels surrounding the vagina, embedding themselves across the body or brain.
This genetic ambiguity, wherein cells journey back through familial lines, can indeed be perplexing. Nevertheless, Barneau excels at elucidating the current landscape of this nascent field and its significant implications for both medicine and human identity without veering into speculation. She adeptly unravels the long-standing perspective of “one individual, one genome” in an engaging manner.
As a mother who once believed I lacked any biological link to my children, I now realize: Hidden Guests is scientifically enthralling and profoundly reassuring. Barneau enlightens us that we carry traces of others within us. Thanks to her insights, I eagerly anticipate the future developments in this field.
Helen Thomson, a writer based in London, columnist for New Scientist
Claire North’s ‘Slow Gods’ tracks deep space pilots
Shutterstock/Vadim Sadovski
If you aim to stay updated on the fresh wave of science fiction hitting bookstores this November, you’ll need to be quick. New Scientist columnist Emily H. Wilson emphasizes the necessity of reading Claire North’s Slow Gods, and I’m inclined to trust her judgment (look for her review in next week’s edition). Additionally, I’m bracing myself for Rebecca Thorne’s chilling tale of a zombie-like virus aboard a submarine (talk about claustrophobia!). Grace Walker’s Merge has a central theme that terrifies me. This feels like a spooky month in the sci-fi realm. Yet, I also anticipate a poignant read about the extinct Great Sea Cow titled Sea Beasts, described as heart-wrenching and beautiful, devoid of any supernatural terror.
Emily H. Wilson has expressed her strong appreciation for this sci-fi novel. In my experience, it’s rare to encounter a science fiction columnist advocate for a book so passionately. This story illustrates the death and rebirth of deep space pilot Maukana na Vdnadze, exploring a supernova that “obliterated planets and devastated civilizations.” As Emily notes in her upcoming column, “Read this book. If you enjoy science fiction, it’s essential.” She consistently emphasizes value, and so do I.
Sea Beasts Written by Iida Turpeinen, translated by David Huxton
While not precisely science fiction, this tale delves into fictional interpretations of science. My fascination with sea cows began in childhood through Willard Price’s Adventure. The narrative kicks off in 1741, with naturalist Georg Wilhelm Steller embarking on an expedition to identify a sea route between Asia and America, where he discovers the Steller’s sea cow. Then, in 1859, the governor of Alaska dispatched men to unearth the skeleton of a massive marine mammal that vanished a century earlier, with restoration efforts beginning in 1952.
Illustration of an extinct giant sea cow
FLPA/Alamy
Though it may seem to tiptoe into the realm of fantasy, the publisher has likened it to a novel by Karian Bradley known for its time travel elements. The narrative unfolds within a library named “Jikoku,” filled with books containing the memories of individuals traversing the timelines between the post-war and Cold War periods in the U.S. At just 11, Lisavette finds herself trapped there, maturing into a world learned solely through the memories of the deceased. It becomes clear that government agents are infiltrating these times to eradicate memories that counter the official narrative…
We previously covered this novel during its self-publication in 2022, when our then-sci-fi columnist Sally Addie expressed enjoyment. Now endorsed by a major publisher, it seems laden with thrilling prospects and just the right amount of scare for the Halloween season, prompting me to finally dive in. A force known as the Anti-Meme preys on the book’s characters’ most treasured memories, covertly robbing them of their experiences while they remain unaware of the looming conflict.
Ice Written by Jacek Dukaj, translated by Ursula Phillips
Following the asteroid Tunguska’s 1908 impact, Russia unravels in a deadly winter. As the land succumbs to freezing temperatures, inhabitants flock to cities for survival. This extreme cold catalyzes a transformation of natural elements into bizarre new forms, spawning unique laws of physics.
Frozen Lake Baikal in Siberia
Shutterstock/Mura Tart
Amelia’s mother, Laurie, is battling Alzheimer’s disease. As her condition deteriorates, Amelia opts into the world’s first experimental fusion treatment designed for Alzheimer’s patients. Laurie’s consciousness merges with Amelia’s, creating a singular identity. Together with other participants, they are placed in a luxurious rehabilitation facility known as The Village…yet all is not as it appears. Frankly, the notion of treatment options alone is unsettling.
Featuring themes of zombies, submarines, and maritime horror, Nix and Kessandra delve into a massacre in an underwater city. As they descend, Kessandra unveils the truth: a disease has triggered the massacre, transforming individuals into mindless killers, and it’s on the rise…
Within this narrative lies an interdimensional conflict described as “one of the most savage the multiverse has confronted” (and it indeed is brutal). We follow Beth, a teacher-turned-rebel, alongside a keen gun-slinging hero, Wakeful Slim. Unlike prior tales in Pandominion’s universe, this story stands alone, crafted by the author of The Girl with All the Gifts (a must-read zombie novel).
An extradimensional war is occurring on Outlaw Planet by MR Carey
Shutterstock/Framestock footage
This monumental sci-fi narrative, Sun Eater, follows Hadrian Marlowe as he navigates life on the run from the Extrasolarians and the Soran Empire, whom he betrayed.
While not a new release, this 10th anniversary edition of humanity’s struggle for survival on a terraformed planet includes a special short story by Tchaikovsky, providing both enjoyment for fans and a perfect refresher for those new to the tale.
Described as an online cult phenomenon, this marks its inaugural English print edition. The narrative examines “the potential and pitfalls of human evolution,” delving into the author’s insights on genetic manipulation and the effect of colonizing Mars, accompanied by illustrations from Kosemen. Tchaikovsky himself described it as “a remarkable blend of scientific acumen and creativity.” Quite intriguing.
This thrilling high-concept story promises excitement. In a world governed by AI, everything comes to a halt right after your loved ones reveal their darkest secrets.
This compilation of Shusterman’s short stories boasts a stunningly surreal cover and introduces readers to a realm where bats block the sun and a glacial life force resurrects the dead.
Horror fans have been painted with the same broad, bloody brush for decades: labeled as cold, emotionless thrill-seekers who delight in the suffering of others. Movie critics describe the movie’s fans and creators as follows: Friday the 13th and Saw as “very sick people.” Flat among scholars, a common explanation for why some people love horror is that they lack empathy or are simply adrenaline junkies. In my new book, I argue that all of these assumptions are wrong.
One of the most persistent misconceptions about horror fans is that they must lack empathy to enjoy a movie this painful. This claim is intuitive and, until recently, was ostensibly supported by evidence presented in a meta-analysis. But a meta-analysis is only as powerful as the studies it summarizes. In this case, the variables were poorly defined. For example, the two studies that showed the strongest associations with low empathy examined whether participants enjoyed short clips that ended in torture or brutal murder and had no satisfying resolution. These measures probably don’t tell us much about horror fans, but they may tell us something about sadists. Deep in the discussion section, the authors of the meta-analysis acknowledged that if these studies were removed, the link between empathy and the enjoyment of fear disappeared. Unfortunately, that warning wasn’t mentioned in the summary.
In 2024, a series of research studies directly addressed issues of horror fandom and empathy. The results were amazing. Using standardized ratings measuring empathy and compassion, we found no evidence that horror fans were lower on either scale. In fact, they scored higher on empathy and compassion on several measures.
Even if they don’t consider empathy, conventional wisdom suggests that horror fans are just looking for an adrenaline rush. Some old research will even show you the proof. However, the truth is more complex.
My colleagues and I looked into it. When we investigated the motivations of horror fans who visit haunted attractions, we found that “adrenaline junkies” are only a subset of horror enthusiasts. We also discovered a group we call “white knucklers.” They find horror really scary and hate feeling scared. Our research shows that horror offers these fans an opportunity to overcome their fears and learn something about themselves. We also found a group called “Dark Copers” who use horror as a way to process difficult emotions and experiences. They find a sense of catharsis in imaginary horror. These three types of models make it clear that many horror fans are not motivated solely by adrenaline. However, they have one thing in common.
My research has identified the following personality traits: morbid curiosity as the most powerful predictor of horror fandom. The tendency to seek information about dangerous, threatening, or death-related phenomena leads to a fascination with horror media. And that may be good for you. Research shows that people with high levels of morbid curiosity are better prepared for real crises and demonstrate increased resilience during stressful life events. Horror fans may practice emotional regulation—a time to toy with fear through terrifying entertainment.
This evidence paints a picture of horror fans as empathetic, curious, and psychologically sophisticated. Horror is a testament to human adaptability and our uncanny ability to find meaning, connection, and even growth in the face of our deepest fears. Recognizing this not only helps us understand horror fans more accurately but also reveals something deep about human nature itself.
Coltan Scribner is the author of Morbidly Curious: Scientists Explain Why You Shouldn’t Look Away.
Oats (avena sativa) grain are a traditional food rich in dietary fiber, contributing positively to human health. Recent years have seen a rise in interest in oats as they serve as the foundation for plant-based milk alternatives. Unlike many other cereal crops, oat genomic research is still in its early stages, with limited exploration into structural genomic diversity and gene expression variability. Scientists are currently focused on collecting and annotating the genome. An atlas of gene expression across six tissues at various developmental stages in 33 wild and domesticated oat strains is also being developed.
Oats (avena sativa). Image credit: Christian Wynn.
Oats rank as the seventh most cultivated grain globally, esteemed for their high fiber content and notable health benefits.
In 2022 and 2023, global production exceeded 25 million tons.
Advancements in genetically improved varieties hold the promise of enhanced productivity and sustainability in oat farming; however, much of this potential remains untapped, with the first oat reference sequences released only in recent years.
The complexity of the oat genome adds to the slow progress.
“Pangenomes encapsulate the complete genetic diversity of cultivated plants like oats and are essential for our understanding,” remarked lead author Raz Avni, Ph.D., from the Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Research.
“They comprise genes common to all plants and those unique to specific species, providing a kind of roadmap.”
“The pantranscriptome reveals which genes are active across various tissues, such as leaves, roots, and seeds, and at different developmental stages. It serves as a gene expression atlas.”
“However, deciphering how genetic variations influence traits in individual plants poses a challenge, particularly in oats.”
“The oat genome’s complexity arises from its hexaploid nature, having six sets of chromosomes from three ancestral sources.”
During their study, the authors sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 33 oat lines, including cultivated varieties and related wild types.
They also constructed an oat pan transcriptome by scrutinizing gene expression in six tissues across various developmental stages in 23 of these oat lines.
The research aimed to identify structural changes, such as chromosome inversions and translocations.
“Our pangenome illustrates the extensive genetic diversity present in oats,” stated Dr. Avni.
“This insight aids in identifying key genes associated with yield, adaptation, and health.”
The researchers uncovered intriguing findings during their study.
“For instance, we observed the loss of many genes in one of the three subgenomes,” the team noted.
“Nevertheless, other gene copies seem to compensate for the functions, ensuring the plant’s productivity remains intact.”
“Sequencing the oat pangenome highlights how modern genomic methods can propel foundational research and directly influence health, agriculture, and breeding,” commented lead author Dr. Martin Mascher from Murdoch University’s Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Research.
“We also discovered that structural variations in the genome influence the regulation of flowering time.”
The team’s results are published in the journal Nature.
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R. Avni et al. Pangenome and pantranscriptome of hexaploid oat. Nature, published online October 29, 2025. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09676-7
The human brain is one of the most intricate entities ever to exist.
Andriy Onofriyenko/Getty Images
Science literature, particularly those authored by scientists, is often perceived as monotonous and challenging. They are sometimes regarded as mere textbooks meant for structured learning. However, the book featuring the finalists for the Royal Society’s Trivite Science Award proves this perception wrong and showcases the judges’ selection for this year: Our Brains, Ourselves by neurologist Masd Hussain.
I was fortunate to serve as a panel chair among six dedicated readers and book enthusiasts, including New Scientist‘s Jacob Aron, who faced the daunting challenge of curating a list of nominees. Our discussions, led by passionate advocates for science, were diverse and engaging, reflecting the love we all share for both literature and science.
We frequently engaged in respectful debates, as I was usually in the company of individuals willing to consider opposing viewpoints. Our varied backgrounds and experiences enriched our understanding of the privileges associated with reading and the act of reading itself.
This year’s submissions featured numerous outstanding scientific works, yet Our Brains, Ourselves notably blended exquisite storytelling with rigorous, cutting-edge science, particularly evidenced in its humanistic approach. Hussain is a neuroscientist and a clinician; seven personal narratives from his patients are highlighted throughout the book.
The experiences shared are diverse. One individual feels an overwhelming apathy post-stroke, while another believes she has a connection with her husband. Each story illustrates profound transformations. This book is a poignant exploration of how neurological disorders can radically alter one’s identity and breed societal alienation.
A recurring theme in the book is the concept of “self” and how our brains shape our identities. It is conveyed empathetically and personally. The scientific elements are firmly grounded in Hussain’s own research, presented in an easily digestible manner, while acknowledging the unknowns. I appreciate this transparency; real science encourages the pursuit of further questions.
While case studies in clinical practices might seem commonplace, the unique personal touch here makes a significant difference. Have you ever felt a disconnect from personal attributes? The narratives of patients with brain disorders provoke thought regarding identity, selfhood, and our social roles.
This notion resonated strongly with our panel. What constitutes belonging? Some individuals encountered in the book are members of immigrant communities, facing prejudice and violence to carve out their place in society. It would seem that as our world becomes increasingly interconnected, our fear of differences should diminish—but this isn’t always the case.
Our Brains, Ourselves encourages readers to reflect on how neurological disorders can profoundly disrupt one’s sense of belonging while illustrating how cognitive function influences one’s identity. Ultimately, our brains substantially define who we are. This compassionate narrative not only educates readers about science but also showcases extraordinary human kindness.
Sandra Knapp is a plant taxonomist at the Museum of Natural History in London and chaired this year’s Royal Society Trivedi Science Book Award judging committee. The winner of the award is Our Brains, Ourselves, the latest addition to the New Scientist Book Club.
“Before the 1970s’ war on drugs, there was a variety of promising research into therapeutic psychedelics.”
Adrià Voltà
In the early 1950s, notable figures in science, philosophy, culture, and politics—such as Albert Einstein, Carl Jung, and Graham Greene—were part of an initiative called “outsights” aimed at exploring powerful psychedelics. Although circumstances shifted, I find myself captivated by what could have been.
I’ve been delving into psychedelics in the new trip series on BBC Radio 4. I previously shared my experiences of vivid hallucinations while in a coma from Covid-19. This sparked my curiosity to understand why individuals actively pursue psychedelic experiences, navigate legal challenges, take risks at home, seek healing, and address unmet needs.
There has yet to be a global consensus banning psychedelics. Responding to inquiries by scientist Humphrey Davy, who researched suboxidized oxides in 1799, Humphrey Osmond, coining the term psychedelic in the 1950s, expressed that the study of chemically induced altered states merits rigorous and thoughtful research.
Before the U.S.-led drug war commenced in the 1970s, extensive and promising research into psychedelics as potential treatments was underway, alongside their longstanding use in sacred and ritual contexts by Indigenous cultures. Unfortunately, rather than permitting this exploration, it was driven underground, leaving many to view substances such as fungi and plants, or their lab-created variants, as otherworldly. This otherness surprised me.
Currently, psychedelic research is investigating their therapeutic potential for conditions like depression, addiction, PTSD, eating disorders, dementia, and intergenerational trauma, gaining momentum globally. Studies explore their possible use in extending the recovery window following strokes, enhancing rehabilitation, and even unraveling the nature of consciousness.
Conversations with researchers who meticulously examine substances like psilocybin and DMT in clinical environments feel worlds apart from the psychedelic narratives prevalent in popular culture. These molecules profoundly and enduringly influence our minds and perceptions. It’s perplexing how we opted to stifle a broader inquiry and obstruct our brightest minds from discovering their true potential.
Today’s discussions among researchers are as engaging as they come, yet I can’t help but linger on the “what if?” In light of the global mental health crisis, governments and health systems are eager for new treatment alternatives. Public funding is dwindling and faces threats in many areas, while large corporations driven by profit show substantial interest in the accessibility of new therapies. Changes are happening rapidly.
Examining humanity’s history with psychedelic substances reveals a narrative marked by significant self-inflicted wounds. Ultimately, the funds for the outsight initiative never materialized, leading to a drastically different chapter in history. The war on drugs has stalled research across numerous substances for decades and continues to cast a shadow today.
The narratives surrounding these substances serve as warnings. Politics should never obstruct scientific breakthroughs. In light of today’s world, it feels like an urgent moral imperative to safeguard and nurture the conditions necessary for science to thrive. The stakes are too high.
Like many others, Ursula K. Le Guin is undoubtedly one of my beloved sci-fi authors. I’m thrilled about this month’s compilation of maps that I plan to use as inspiration for my story. Especially after enjoying It Was Confiscated. Join the New Scientist Book Club: Do Do Do Do and Jo, and share your insights on this classic with fellow readers!
This month not only brings back science fiction, but I eagerly anticipate it. Ken Liu will introduce a thriller based in the near future. I’m particularly interested in the tale of flooded Kolkata and the challenges faced by the mother, Megamajumdal. Additionally, there’s a story from astronaut Chris Hadfield and a new offering from author Mark Z. Danielewski, titled Leaf House.
Le Guin will venture into her great stories, promoting the Earthsea series (I recall the archipelago mentioned in those books) and I Always Go Home. This new collection features these maps alongside interviews, poetry, recipes, and contributions from various writers. It seems like a true treasure trove for fans like me of Le Guin.
Set in the not-so-distant future, this sci-fi thriller revolves around hacker Julia, who is tasked with rescuing a “dream artist” while uncovering the mysteries of virtual reality. This is the first in the Julia Z series, which has received the Hugo Award.
Reynolds once wrote fantastic sci-fi short stories for New Scientist. In one, we follow Yuri Gagarin, a private investigator observing a death aboard a spacecraft, weaving a tale through the vastness of space.
I’m not sure how far this fits within the realm of science fiction, but I believe there are many overlaps between sci-fi enthusiasts and those who adore Danielwski’s inventive works, particularly Leaf House. In fact, my colleague Jacob Aron selected it as one of the greatest sci-fi novels ever written. Therefore, I imagine quite a few people, myself included, are eager to hear about Danielewski’s latest novel this month. It ostensibly follows two friends who are trying to escape a massacre in a small town in Utah called Orbop, though I suspect there’s much more to it than that.
This dystopian narrative unfolds in a setting where a mysterious illness has stripped people of their memories, challenging how they interact and live. However, as “fragments of memory” start resurfacing, they threaten the center’s rigid structure, prompting students to question their reality. I love how they occupy their free time, watching old tapes and embodying characters like Chandler and Gunther, Maria and Chino!
Drawing comparisons to The Hunger Games, this story takes place in a dystopian world where individuals are evaluated based on their ability to fit in, centering on a woman caught in a love triangle. It highlights the perils of social and genetic engineering.
In Cold Eternity, a fugitive takes refuge on an abandoned spaceship
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This slice of space horror is perfect for the Halloween season. Halley embarks on an adventure after uncovering an interplanetary conspiracy. She takes refuge in the Elysian Field, a drifting space vessel once believed to be a sanctuary by the wealthy until its inhabitants succumbed to death. After being abandoned for over a century, Halley now senses something amiss aboard…
Astronaut Chris Hadfield’s Cold War thriller is set in the 1970s during a space race involving the US, Soviet Union, and China. The narrative follows a new Apollo mission as it ventures into orbit. This marks the third entry in Hadfield’s series, following Apollo Murder and Exile.
This tale strikes me as a must-read. It unfolds in present-day Kolkata, where climate change and food scarcity have led to flooding and hunger. MA teams up with her husband in Michigan, bringing their 2-year-old daughter and elderly father. Just as they prepare to depart, MA realizes her immigration documents have been stolen. What ensues is a frantic one-week search for the thief. Meanwhile, the offender, Bulba, grapples with escalating crimes while trying to provide for his family. As disaster looms, what lengths will each individual go to protect their children?
European grey wolf (Canis Lupus) hunting in the forest
Arndt Sven-Erik / Arterra Picture Library / Alamy
Lucy, whose earliest memories date back to the Covid-19 pandemic, is now striving to restore lost species. Hester was born on the day of the Chernobyl disaster. In the words of Kim Stanley Robinson, this is “enduring” and “unforgettable.”
We receive two stories in one with this doubleheader. The first presents crime-laden narratives set in a futuristic scientific cosmos. Mirrors Red Star Hustle follows the adventures of a high-end escort entangled with a “noble clone of a murderous puppet monarch,” a unique blend that intrigues me. Kowal’s Anxiety also unfolds a tale of a grandmother whose grandchild is tempted into a terrorist group, all while a new planet harbors new challenges and possibilities.
If you enjoy Pride, Prejudice and Zombies, then Zenith (or Nadile) reimagines Jane Austen. This is an inventive remix of Pride and Prejudice and Frankenstein, depicting the lesser-known sister, Mary Bennett, as a brilliant scientist aspiring to revive the dead in search of her husband. But then she meets a remarkable young woman, leading her to reconsider her true desires.
What’s confiscated takes place in the twin world of Anar and Urras
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A wall existed. Its significance was debatable. Constructed from unshaped stones, it stood visible to adults, while even children could scale it. Where it bisected the road, rather than a gate, it merely melded into geometric lines and borders. However, the concept of the wall was tangible. That was crucial. For seven generations, this wall had been paramount.
Like all walls, it represented duality. What lay within and what lay beyond depended entirely on which side you viewed it from.
From one perspective, the wall enclosed a desolate 60 acres known as Anarl Port. This place featured large gantry cranes, rocket pads, three warehouses, a truck garage, and a dormitory. The dorm was sturdy yet grimy, lacking in life. No garden flourished, no children played. Clearly, it was uninhabited, intended for only temporary use. In actuality, it functioned as a quarantine zone, encasing not just the landing fields but also the spacecraft, their crews, and the vast universe beyond. Anar remained outside its confines, unshackled.
Viewed from the opposite side, the walls enclosed the Anar, capturing the entire planet within. Here, significant detention facilities stood, isolated from other civilizations and populations, perpetually quarantined.
Numerous individuals traversed the road toward the landing field or lingered where the road intersected the wall.
Many hailed from the nearby city of Abenay, eager to catch a glimpse of the spacecraft or simply to behold the wall itself. After all, it was the singular boundary wall in their realm. There were no prohibitive signs to indicate trespassing. This was particularly captivating for the youth, who approached the wall, sitting atop it. There might have been gangs unloading wooden frames from trucks in the warehouse, or cargo vessels on the pads. Although the freighter only docked eight times a year, usually unannounced aside from Syngix, which operated at the port, the young ones remained. A foreman emerged from one of the warehouse crews and declared, “Today we are closing for our brothers.” Adorned with her defensive arm band, she was as rare a sighting as a spacecraft. Her tone remained composed, though it was the last moment of normalcy. As the foreman, she knew she would be supported by her Syngix if provoked. And, realistically, there was little to behold. The aliens, known as Owarders, remained concealed within their ship, revealing nothing to their spectators.
It was equally monotonous for the defense crew. Sometimes, the Foreman hoped for someone to attempt crossing the wall, or perhaps an alien crew to make an attempt to leap onto the ship. Yet, such events never transpired — nothing ever occurred. If an incident did arise, she was ill-prepared for it.
Cargo ship captain Mindful queried, “Is that crowd gathered around my ship?”
The Foreman noticed a genuine throng, over 100 individuals gathered at the gate. They stood there as people do when hunger drives them to crowd around food stalls. This reality filled the Foreman with dread.
“No. They’re just… protesting,” she confessed slowly with a constrained breath. “Protest, you know. A passenger?”
“You mean they’re protesting this jerk we’re supposed to transport? Are they trying to stop him, or us?”
To the Foreman, the captain’s insult, an untranslatable term in her language, meant nothing, yet she was unsettled by its sound and tone. “Can you manage things?” she asked curtly.
“Of course. Just ensure you expedite the rest of this cargo and get this passenger jerk aboard. We won’t face any issues,” he replied, tapping at the peculiar objects on his belt, metallic shapes resembling distorted appendages, all while exuding disdain toward the women.
She dismissed him, “The boat is operational 14 hours a day,” she affirmed. “Safeguard your crew. A 40-hour lift-off. Leave a note for ground control if you require assistance.” She strode away before the captain could retort. Her irritation intensified towards both her crew and the encroaching crowd. “Clear the way!” she instructed as she neared the wall. “The truck needs passage; someone will get hurt. Move aside!”
The men and women in the crowd exchanged apprehensive glances with her. They made tentative crossings over the road, with some pressing against the wall. However, they largely ensured a clear passage. While the Foreman had never taken charge of a mob, they had no experience of solitary decision-making. Lacking the communal emotion, members of the crowd stood immobile, disregarding the Foreman’s calls for compliance. Their naïveté spared the lives of those aboard the ship.
Some were there to exact vengeance on the traitors. Others sought to obstruct his departure, hurling shouts of indignation, or merely to get a glance at him. But these diverse intentions obstructed the singular aim of one assassin. Though the couple possessed knives, none brandished firearms. Their attack would be a physical confrontation. They aimed to take matters into their own hands. Expecting the traitor to be safeguarded within the vehicle, they watched intently. When he appeared, striding alone down the road, clashes broke out with an irate driver inspecting the cargo truck. Once they recognized him, he was already advancing across the field, pursued by five defensive synjics. The individuals intent on his demise relied on speed and accuracy. By the time he reached the ship, they barely missed their target, yet a two-pound flint struck one defense crew member on the head, killing him instantly.
The hatch of the ship sealed shut. The Defense Forces turned away, carrying their fallen comrade, making no attempt to halt the crowd, who hurried towards the ship. The Foreman stood aghast with shock and fury, cursing them as they rushed past, ducking to evade her. Once onboard, crowd leaders paused in a daze, bewildered by the ship’s silence, the sudden motion of the towering gantry, the strange fiery glow of the ground, and the dislocation from human proportions. Steam and gas erupted from the engines, adding to their apprehension as they gazed up towards the Rockets, the immense black void above. Sirens blared warnings, resonating far beyond the field. Gradually, several began to retreat towards the gate. No one detained them. Within a mere ten minutes, the area was cleared, with the throngs dispersing along the path back to Abenay. Ultimately, as it turned out, little had occurred.
This is an excerpt from Ursula K. Le Guin’sThe Dispossessed, the latest selection from the New Scientist Book Club. Join us and read along here.
Cat research is our favorite field of science (just after dog facts). We’ve compiled some of our top cat-related facts, so enjoy these 8 purrfect tidbits about our feline friends confirmed by science.
1. You can befriend your cat by blinking slowly
Studies indicate this method is effective for building a bond with your cat.
Researchers from the University of Portsmouth and the University of Sussex discovered that slow blinking mimics what are known as “cat smiles” or “slow links,” which helps foster connections between humans and cats.
“It’s wonderful to explore animal behavior and validate this form of communication between cats and their owners,” said Professor Karen McComb, who led the study at the University of Sussex’s Faculty of Psychology.
“Many cat owners have suspected this instinctively, so it’s exciting to find scientific evidence.”
Try softening your gaze with a relaxed smile and gently closing your eyes for a few seconds; you may notice your cat reciprocating and initiating some form of interaction!
The research found that owners were more likely to blink slowly after their cats did, compared to instances where there was no interaction at all.
2. One in ten pet cats suffer from separation anxiety
In a study surveying ten pet cats, it was noted that several displayed behavioral issues when temporarily separated from their owners.
Researchers focused on cats exhibiting signs of anxiety when isolated, and found that many belonged to households predominantly with women or without female residents.
The absence of toys and lack of companion animals in the home were also linked to similar behavioral issues in cats.
Owners provided details about each cat, including interaction patterns, behaviors exhibited during their absence, and the living environment of the cats.
The analysis revealed that 13.5% of cats displayed one or more traits associated with separation anxiety, with destructive behavior being the most frequently reported (20 out of 30 cats).
Other observed traits included excessive vocalization (19 cats), inappropriate urination (18 cats), aggression (11 cats), agitation (11 cats), anxious behaviors (11 cats), and inappropriate defecation (7 cats).
Significant signs of depression, such as lethargy and loss of interest, were documented in 16 cats with anxiety-related problems.
3. Your cat truly loves you
While food may be the initial bond between humans and cats, it doesn’t mean they see you merely as a can opener.
Chemical analysis of ancient cat bones from 5,300 years ago in China shows that these felines were rodent hunters in grain storage areas, indicating a mutual relationship as both provided shelter and pest control.
Over time, especially in Western culture, the bond became more affectionate, hinting at something deeper than simple food dependency.
Much like dogs, cats also exhibit behaviors that indicate attachment, such as bringing home prey or engaging in playful interactions. These actions go beyond mere survival; they’re expressions of familial affection.
A September 2019 study suggested that cats show “secure attachment” traits similar to those found in dogs, where the presence of human caregivers fosters feelings of security and calm.
Furthermore, studies suggest that when a cat snuggles up to you, the same brain hormones are triggered as when we’re around our loved ones. It seems that cats might just rival dogs for the title of “human’s best friend.”
4. Cats can sense an approaching thunderstorm
Cats, along with many other animals, possess heightened sensitivity to sounds, smells, and changes in atmospheric pressure, allowing them to detect storms before humans do.
Before a storm, a cat’s inner ear can sense drops in atmospheric pressure, and they may associate this with impending rain. They may even hear distant thunder or detect scents of rain or ozone, which is produced by lightning and has a characteristic metallic aroma.
5. Cats love boxes for their comfort
Cats can sleep up to 18 hours a day, making them solitary creatures in need of cozy hiding spaces for rest.
A box not only offers a snug retreat but also shields them from cold surfaces, as cats are most comfortable at around 14°C—much cooler than the human ideal.
6. Pet cats significantly affect local wildlife
Research indicates that domestic cats may kill more prey in certain areas than their wild counterparts.
A March 2020 study revealed that hunting domestic cats can greatly impact wildlife populations, particularly within a 100m radius of their homes.
The study found that pet cats kill 2-10 times more wildlife than animals of comparable size in the wild.
Lead researcher Roland Kays stated, “Feeding domestic cats reduces their hunting frequency, yet their small home ranges mean any impact on local prey is highly concentrated.”
In addition, some regions experience unnaturally high cat populations, further threatening birds and small mammals.
The findings show that cats kill an average of 14.2 to 38.9 animals per 100 acres or hectares each year, with even greater effects observed in disrupted habitats like urban areas.
7. Cats cannot thrive on a vegan diet
In the wild, cats are strict carnivores, requiring certain essential amino acids like taurine that are only present in meat. These cannot be synthesized or stored, making it crucial for vegan cat diets to be carefully managed according to their age and weight.
Insufficient taurine can lead to serious health issues like blindness and heart disease, while excessive amounts can trigger urinary tract problems. Though carnivorous cats naturally absorb all necessary taurine from their diet, synthetic taurine found in vegan cat food may be metabolized differently, complicating the creation of balanced vegan meals for them.
8. Cats’ whiskers aid in precision hunting
The “whiskers” surrounding a cat’s face, known scientifically as vibrissae, comprise approximately 24 movable hairs and are complemented by additional whiskers located above their eyes, on their chin, and on the back of their paws. These sensitive hairs contain deep-rooted nerves critical for hunting, particularly in low-light conditions.
The whiskers are tailored to the cat’s body width, enhancing their ability to gauge distances while moving. They also provide sensory feedback on the direction and texture of prey, while monitoring airflow to fine-tune movements. It’s no wonder that your cat is such an elegant predator!
The region of the ocean between Florida, Puerto Rico, and Bermuda became famous in the mid-20th century, largely due to reports about the unexplained disappearance of ships and aircraft.
One of the most notable events took place in 1945 when Flight 19, a formation of five US Navy bombers, vanished during a training exercise in this area. For many years, shipwrecks and downed planes were frequently linked to the triangle’s mysterious forces.
However, in 1975, Larry Cush published a book that debunked the legend, revealing that many reports about the triangle were either exaggerated, inaccurate, or unverified. He found that the frequency of incidents in this region is not significantly higher than in other parts of the ocean.
Despite this, a variety of theories have been put forth over the years. Some have speculated about the remnants of Atlantis’s technology. Others argued that the triangle might be a location where warp threads of space-time cause objects to be drawn into parallel universes.
The prevalence of hurricanes in the area could also have impacted earlier pilots and captains who lacked the technology to make accurate weather predictions.
Recent research indicates that converging storms can create rogue waves as high as 30 meters (nearly 100 feet), capable of sinking even large vessels. Laboratory simulations have confirmed that such waves can engulf a ship, though there is no evidence that these phenomena actually occur in the Bermuda Triangle.
Some assert that magnetic anomalies could mislead navigators, causing them to lose their course. While no such anomalies have been confirmed, in the early 20th century, the magnetic north rotated into alignment with the Bermuda Triangle, which could have led to navigation errors.
Interestingly, the US Coast Guard has not identified any specific hazards in the Bermuda Triangle. A survey conducted in 2013 indicates that the most perilous shipping routes do not include this area.
Despite the heavy air and sea traffic, as well as frequent hurricanes, the Bermuda Triangle has not seen an unusually high number of crashes or shipwrecks.
The enduring appeal of this legend can be attributed to more mundane factors. Early accounts of disappearances captured public imagination, drawing people toward mystery.
Once the myth took off, reports turned any shipwrecks into tales of the Bermuda Triangle’s mystical powers. The interest has likely diminished in recent years, as advances in technology allow for better tracking of ocean and air traffic.
This article addresses the question posed by Cardiff, Diane Johnston: “What happened in the Bermuda Triangle?”
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Feedback is your go-to source for the latest in science and technology news from new scientists. Share your intriguing finds with us at Feedback@newscientist.com for potential inclusion.
And inhaling…
To achieve success in science, having good ideas and conducting effective experiments is beneficial. However, mastering the art of crafting a catchy acronym is essential. If you can distill a description of your project into an acronym, you’ll be onto something great.
A hat tip to Raif Sheeben, Yoel Zimmerman, and their team for a July survey in NPJ Food Science. They developed a “chemical language model for predicting molecular taste,” a machine learning model capable of forecasting the flavor of chemicals based on their molecular structure. Trained on over 15,000 compounds, the researchers successfully categorized tastes into four distinct groups.
Remarkably, this model achieved over 91% accuracy and can assist in flavor creation. Naturally, the team dubbed it a flavour analysis and recognition transformer, or ‘fart’ for short.
Food engineer Andy Clayton flagged this, humorously pointing out that “regardless of its value, one can’t read it without laughing.”
We encourage readers to share their stories about the most ridiculous acronyms and cringe-worthy attempts they’ve encountered in their pursuits.
No surprises here
Feedback called upon readers for “Shit, Sherlock”: an illustration of scientific endeavors that invest extensive time and effort to demonstrate something rather obvious. Your responses have been coming in since.
Maggie Jacobs highlighted an article from Discover about The psychological benefits of loneliness, referencing a 2023 study. This research examined whether individuals reap benefits from maintaining a balance between solitude and social interactions, concluding there was no evidence of an ‘optimal balance.’ It found no negative consequences, especially when people consciously chose to spend time alone. As Maggie aptly states, “When people choose their activities, they tend to be happier.”
For extra context, the study’s authors utilized the outdated term “selective” to suggest individuals are intentionally engaging in activities rather than opting for a more contemporary term like “intentional.”
Meanwhile, Ernest Ager pointed out the obvious title of a The Conversation article: “Can you spot a ‘fake’ accent? It depends on where you’re from.” While it seems straightforward, the findings were even clearer: people from the US, Canada, and Australia are less adept at identifying fake versions of various UK accents than those native to the UK.
Farewell to Tom
We were saddened to hear of Tom Lehrer’s passing on July 26th. He was a brilliant satirical singer-songwriter renowned for his clever takes on mathematics. His song element has undoubtedly become his most recognizable tune. Thanks to countless devoted chemistry educators, Feedback appreciates his satirical take on nuclear warfare in songs like When we go, we all go together and his delightfully dark love songs such as Masochistic Tango.
In 2022, Lehrer made all of his music available under copyright, so you can access it freely at Tomlehrersongs.com. We highly recommend checking out the site for a treasure trove of lesser-known tracks that weren’t part of his popular albums.
For instance, we hadn’t encountered his piece Love Song by a Physical Anthropologist before. It humorously critiques that “every traditional love song that addresses the physical attributes of a beloved individual limits its praise to features like hair, eyes, and lips, whereas physical anthropologists can utilize an extensive array of descriptive adjectives” and hence, “I love you / she is beautiful, she is enchanting / it is traumatic, vascular, riffipilous, laryngeal production / my gal of metriocephaly.”
We were curious to discover, via Opalescentopal on Bluesky, some of the clever antics Lehrer pulled while serving in the US military. Notably, he worked for the NSA, and one of his papers is now publicly available at his discretion, titled “Defeating the gambler with his heartfelt enemies.” It delves into enduring mathematical challenges.
At the conclusion of the 1957 paper, there are six references, one of which is humorously attributed to “Lobachevsky,” relating to analytical and algebraic topology, claiming it discusses a topology of infinitely differentiable Lemanian local Euclidean metrics. [sic] This is actually a joke, referencing Lehrer’s own “Lobachevsky” rather than a legitimate mathematical paper.
This is how people play the long game. A very long game, indeed, Tom.
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EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin at the agency’s headquarters.
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The Trump administration seeks to undermine the U.S. government’s capacity to regulate greenhouse gas emissions by asserting that these gases don’t pose a threat to public health. This initiative fits into a broader effort to loosen restrictions on power plants and vehicles by claiming that regulations hinder economic growth. However, this legal stance appears flimsy when juxtaposed with the extensive body of climate science demonstrating that increased greenhouse gas levels present a significant danger.
“This debate is nonsensical and lacks validity,” he remarks. David Doniger, part of the Natural Resources Defense Council, advocates for revisions from the administration.
The legal arguments hinge on a 2009 ruling by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which concluded that greenhouse gas emissions from American power plants and vehicles indeed pose risks to human health. This “endangerment finding” grants regulatory authority to agencies overseeing these emissions. Subsequently, regulations have been implemented, enhancing fuel efficiency in vehicles and contributing to the previous administration’s initiatives aimed at minimizing emissions from power plants.
On July 29, EPA administrator Zeldin announced efforts to abolish these endangerment findings, dubbing it “the largest deregulation effort in U.S. history.” However, before this change occurs, the agency is required to publicly justify its decision and defend it against an impending lawsuit.
In a draft of the new regulations, the EPA asserts that the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere do not present a sufficient threat to justify emission reductions. This position contradicts key conclusions from climate science organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, several U.S. national climate assessments, and even the EPA itself in 2009, which identified evidence that greenhouse gases pose a “strong and clear” risk.
“I think they’re throwing every possible argument out there to see what resonates,” Doniger comments. “They are recycling both old and new theories, all of which are quite weak.”
According to a 2018 study, evidence indicating risks associated with greenhouse gases has only intensified over recent decades. This reassessment of the decade-old endangerment rationale indicates advancements in climate science provide clearer tools to evaluate how climate change affects specific extreme weather events. Additionally, specific greenhouse gas emissions can be directly tied to damage from various extreme temperature occurrences.
To challenge this consensus, the EPA heavily leans on preliminary findings. A report released by the Department of Energy and authored by five well-known skeptics of mainstream climate science acknowledges that carbon dioxide contributes to global warming. However, it questions the extent of this damage in the U.S. and discusses the positive effects of CO2 on plant growth, including its use as a fertilizer.
While some aspects of this report may reflect truths corroborated by climate science, other researchers contend that its flawed methodology fails to consider significant evidence that contradicts its overall conclusions. While CO2 may indeed promote plant growth, rising temperatures are anticipated to have a far more detrimental impact on agriculture and ecosystems.
“They selectively sift through data to find examples supporting their narrative while systematically ignoring far more substantial evidence that discredits it,” states Andrew Dessler of Texas A&M University.
“I’m somewhat astonished that the government has released a document like this as an official publication,” adds Zeke Hausfather from Berkeley Earth, a nonprofit research organization in California. “It resembles a blog post—an unorganized assortment of cherry-picked instances that fail to represent the broader, frequently criticized claims made by skeptics or the findings from extensive climate science research.”
Hausfather, who has been referenced multiple times in the DOE report, criticizes it as lacking peer review. He contrasts its production—drafted by a small team over several months—with the National Climate Assessment, a comprehensive effort involving hundreds of contributors over several years that was ultimately rejected by the Trump administration.
“The idea that these emissions incur no social costs is a thoroughly incorrect and exhausting argument,” argues Justin Mankin from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. Reflecting on the extreme conditions associated with the warmest year on record in 2025, he emphasizes the stark reality: “What’s strikingly evident is that the repercussions of global warming are far greater than we understood in 2009.”
In a post-apocalyptic world shaped by Stephen King’s Stand, other writers weave their own narratives
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One of my most anticipated releases this month is a collection of short stories set in the devastating aftermath of Stephen King’s Stand. I have a soft spot for compelling endings, and King’s masterful storytelling shines through in this 1978 classic. I’m eager to get my hands on this anthology, especially after reading Annaly Newts’ cozy take in New Scientist; the addition of titles like Automatic Noodles featuring the Jolly Robot and Artificial Wisdom alongside more literary works like Rudder. Stay tuned for updates on the prolific Adrian Tchaikovsky!
As a dedicated fan of Stephen King (please call me Annie Wilkes), I can’t stress enough how thrilled I am about this anthology. It features talented authors, including the brilliantly eerie Tananarive Due, who have been granted the chance to explore King’s universe alongside many other noteworthy names. Set in the aftermath of a superflu that decimates the global population, Stand pits the forces of good against evil in a crucial apocalyptic narrative. I’m excited to see how these writers envision the future that follows. What a captivating treat!
Whoopi Goldberg as Mother Abagail in a 2020 adaptation of The Stand
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I am an admirer of Adrian Tchaikovsky’s work featured in New Scientist; his novel Alien Clay was a massive hit among my book club. I eagerly anticipate his latest entry into this chilling World series. In this tale, Amri fights for survival in “an explosive landscape of a decimated, poisoned world” as a “god” named Guy Westen descends from the heavens.
This thriller unfolds in 2050, against the backdrop of impending climate catastrophes, requiring global leaders to confront the “Apocalypse to Come.” The main candidates are ex-US presidents Lockwood and Solomon — the first political AI in the world. Journalist Marcus Tully dives into an investigation when Solomon’s creator is murdered, revealing whispers of a vast conspiracy. This premise has caught my attention, and I can’t wait to see more.
This charming novel by columnist Annaly Nutz appears to inspire hope. It follows a group of robotic misfits establishing a restaurant in San Francisco while the city’s residents recover from the aftermath of a devastating war. Annalee shares insights in a column here, making it one of my top picks for an eventful August.
In an alternate Birmingham, teenager Joseph Jacobs gets drawn into a realm where the line between reality and fantasy blurs. Publishers are drawing comparisons to Inception and Ready Player One.
This surreal tale sees Tom Crowley lose his daughter during “Take Your Daughter to Work Day.” He frantically searches for her in “a maze of corridors and an impossible multidimensional space,” while she crafts something that wasn’t ever built.
Sarah Hall is a profound literary voice, and although this book seems to include fantastical elements, I believe it stands robustly in the science fiction realm for enthusiasts. It chronicles the fierce winds of Helm and those who have fought and aimed for Eden Valley since the beginning of time. Currently, scientist Dr. Selima Sutal measures this phenomenon from an observation post, yet fears that the end is approaching.
The latest Star Wars installment offers a fresh narrative about the Bad Batch gang, embarking on a mission to restore a safe haven following devastation brought about by ocean waves on a small planet, far from the Empire’s reach.
Knights flee across the abandoned world of Aeon Heart
Universal Images Group North America LLC / Alamy Stock Photo
This graphic novel promises to fuse science fiction with fantasy, delivering a thrilling tale of a knight escaping through radioactive ruins while pursued by sinister forces. Equipped only with the very power that brought the world to its knees, readers will find themselves questioning whether this is magic or technology. Publishers liken it to a combination of Tin Tin, Blade Runner, and The Dark Tower—it sounds like a potent mix!
This story collection from Korean authors weaves between science fiction and fantasy, offering a chilling glimpse into a near future where women face extinction, as two friends strive to escape a facility for those capable of giving birth. I’m also intrigued by a tale set in the Alps Grand Park in Korea, where residents of a luxurious facility live within a massive air-purifying tower.
An intriguing concept emerges from an anthology where the editor invited ten Iranian authors to envision Iran in 2053, a century post-coup. Their imaginative futures range from Tehran sinking into “great, tourist-attracting pits” to alternate universes rich with interdimensional voids.
Pilot crashes on the moon of Theo’s Durmi
Frans Lemmens / Alamy Stock Photo
This title serves as a sequel to the Space OperaSee‘s Godri and promises a whirlwind of excitement, as a space pilot wrongfully accused of murdering his family crash-lands on a moon. I recommend reading the first installment before diving into the second.
This book marks the finale of Johnston’s Enkeradon trilogy, arriving 18 months after the peaceful alien Enkeradon escapes the grasp of the US military.
A recently identified giant stick insect species, discovered in the wet tropical rainforests of Australia, is poised to be recognized as the heaviest insect ever recorded on the continent.
Acrofera Alta weighs 44 grams, roughly equivalent to a golf ball, and measures around 40 cm in length. To date, only two female specimens have been collected, with a third individual photographed and released by surprised locals.
The genus of these insects has been known since 1835, yet this particular species remained hidden from scientific discovery, likely due to its elusive habitat, according to Angus Emmott from James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.
The lush, damp tropics of northeastern Australia serve as a pristine wilderness, rich with cool rainforests and home to other rare species like tree kangaroos.
So far, Acrofera Alta has only been found in tree canopies above 900 meters, specifically in the mountainous regions of Millaa Millaa and Mount Phypipamee in Queensland.
The species name Alta reflects both the altitude of the forests it inhabits and the height of the trees it commonly frequents.
“It has very large wings, but due to its bulky body, it can only use them to glide down to the ground,” Emmott explains.
Current population status remains uncertain. “We can’t really determine its rarity,” Emmott states. “It’s limited to small stretches of high-altitude rainforests and exists primarily in the canopy, making it less visible to observers unless they survive being affected by cyclones and birds.”
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Scientists don’t need reminding that hangovers are unpleasant. Excessive alcohol intake can trigger a cascade of headaches, nausea, fatigue, and inflammation.
While the long-term health hazards of alcohol consumption are well-known, it’s surprising that research on hangovers is quite limited.
“When I searched for ‘hangovers’, I found about 600 articles since 1945,” notes Professor J Leigh Leasure, who maintains a database of biomedical and lifestyle research. “It’s astonishing how little has been explored on this topic.”
Leasure, a neuroscientist at the University of Houston studying the effects of alcohol, is among the researchers striving to enhance our understanding of this unclear condition.
As a participant, she has experimented with various hangover remedies—from traditional eggs and bacon to electrolytes, vitamin mixes, and caffeine infusions.
High-Intensity Exercise to Sweat Out Hangovers
Meanwhile, some individuals tackle their hangovers through high-intensity workouts. Whether it’s a run or a spin and kettlebell class, the goal remains the same: to sweat out the “toxins” from the previous night.
“Interestingly, many people swear by sweating it out,” says Leasure.
In 2024, she and her colleagues released their first study examining whether exercise can alleviate hangover symptoms. Published in the journal Addictive Behavior, the research involved approximately 1,600 university students who had experienced at least one hangover in the past three months.
Participants completed a survey regarding their alcohol consumption, activity levels, and the frequency and severity of hangovers.
Some findings were unsurprising: increased drinking correlated with more severe hangovers.
However, the study also revealed that students who engaged in intense exercise during the previous three months reported fewer and less severe hangovers compared to those who were less active.
It’s worth mentioning that this was a retrospective study. The students were not tested in a controlled setting, so the results should be viewed with some caution.
This study suggests that vigorous exercise might generally mitigate the worst hangover effects, rather than alleviating them in the immediate aftermath.
Read more:
Reduced Inflammation from Elevated Endorphins
There’s reason to believe that training after a hangover can be beneficial. Endorphins released by rigorous exercise act as natural painkillers, which could help alleviate headaches.
One study indicates that high-intensity exercise is particularly effective at boosting endorphin production compared to lighter workouts.
Leasure posits that exercise may also have anti-inflammatory properties.
“One prevailing idea is that alcohol, especially in large amounts, elevates short-term inflammation, while exercise tends to counteract this,” she explains.
Research has shown that regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of chronic inflammation. In 2023, Harvard Research identified one mechanism involving the release of regulatory T cells that modulate the body’s inflammatory response.
Earlier studies suggest that moderate exercise for just 20 minutes can trigger an anti-inflammatory response.
However, don’t expect to break personal records on your morning run. While exercise can help with hangovers, the hangover itself can impair performance, says Leasure.
“As one might expect, hangovers don’t improve athletic performance. Research indicates they make physical activity more challenging.”
One significant idea is that alcohol increases inflammation, while exercise has the opposite effect – Illustrated Credit: Jamie Coe
Another unexpected finding emerged from Leasure’s study.
“There is a substantial body of literature examining the connection between exercise and alcohol consumption,” she states. “Physically active individuals tend to drink, which seems somewhat paradoxical.”
One theory from Leasure and her colleagues suggests that people often have a debit and credit mindset regarding health. Engaging in unhealthy habits like drinking might lead some to compensate by pursuing healthier activities, such as an intense workout on a Sunday morning.
As this study continues, the effects on hangovers will become clearer.
About Our Experts
Professor J Leigh Leasure is a neuroscientist and associate professor in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, focusing on the effects of alcohol at the University of Houston in the United States. She has published in multiple scientific journals including Alcohol, Neuroplasticity, and Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.
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