Am I an Endangered Composer? Exploring Classical Music’s Future in the Age of AI

This hacker mansion blends elements of a startup hub, a luxurious retreat, and a high-tech boutique. Scattered throughout Silicon Valley, these spaces serve as residences for tech founders and visionaries. The most opulent I’ve encountered is in Hillsboro, one of the Bay Area’s affluent neighborhoods just south of San Francisco. Inside, polished marble floors shine beneath high-tech royal portraits affixed with tape. The garden boasts gravel meticulously raked into Zen spirals, and a pond glistens behind well-maintained hedges.

On a sunny June afternoon, I accompanied producer Faye Lomas to capture an interview for a show. BBC Radio 3 documentary discussing the intersection of generative AI and classical music in both San Francisco and Silicon Valley.

We were cheerfully informed that professional creators, including us, would soon be relegated to hobbyists. This wasn’t meant as provocation or sarcasm—just a straightforward reality. At that moment, Faye interjected in the documentary, her voice tinged with agitation: “Does this mean AI is going to take my job?” It was a natural reaction, but it shifted the room’s energy.

When I embarked on making this documentary, I harbored the same curiosity as everyone else. “The cat is out of the bag,” I joked, believing this to be a wise observation. Technology has arrived, and facing it is better than ignoring it.

Silicon Valley composer Tariq O’Regan and BBC producer Faye Lomas. Photo: Joel Cabrita

When I recently spoke with Faye, she recounted the moment vividly. “We swiftly moved from talking about AI’s potential to aid the creative fields to casually mentioning how AI could easily replace every job in the company. The tone was friendly and encouraging, almost as if I should be excited,” she reflected.

This interaction feels pivotal to the narrative. Those small, human moments of awkwardness occur when discussions shift from the theoretical to the tangible.

They contemplated replacing us.

That was back in June. With October now upon us and Oasis on tour in the UK and US, I’ve been reflecting on a different kind of mansion. The band’s concert at Knebworth House in 1996 drew 250,000 attendees over two nights, where people waved lighters instead of phones—one of the last great communal singalongs before everything transformed. Before Napster and MP3s, before cell phones, and before our culture underwent invisible algorithmic reorganization.

Composer Ed Newton Rex plays keyboards and piano while donning a virtual reality headset at his residence in Palo Alto, California. Photo: Marissa Leshnoff/The Guardian

What followed was a subtle yet profound transition from ownership to access. Playlists replaced albums, curated by algorithms rather than musicians, designed to blend seamlessly with our activities. Initially, I believed this was the future of music. Maybe it truly was.

So, long after finishing the documentary, an article like this gave me pause. RBO/Shift is an exciting initiative from the Royal Ballet and Opera, exploring how art interacts with AI. It stems from an institution I deeply respect, run by individuals who have supported me and many others over the years. This initiative is touted as a bold, positive dialogue between technology and creativity, representing a potential compelling partnership. However, what catches my attention isn’t what’s included, but what is glaringly absent.

There is no reference to ethics, training data, consent, environmental impacts, or job security. It’s unimaginable that this technology threatens to significantly undermine the entire ecosystem of artists, crafts, and labor that RBOs have nurtured.

A driverless taxi navigating the streets of San Francisco. Photo: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

The tone is reminiscent of what we heard at the Hillsboro mansion—always optimistic. Royal Opera Artistic Director Oliver Mears declared, “AI is here to stay” in a recent New York Times interview. “You can bury your head in the sand or embrace the waves.”

However, I find no one I meet in San Francisco, where this technology is innovated and marketed, is simply riding any waves. Embracing a wave suggests succumbing to its force. People here are focused on managing the tides and altering the moon if needed.

I don’t want to dismiss AI. However, my earlier phrase, “the cat is out of the bag,” now feels like a form of moral indifference, suggesting ethics fall by the wayside the moment something novel appears. After spending a summer immersed in machinery, it’s unsettling to witness major institutions handling AI as if it’s the nuclear power of art. It’s attractive, profitable, already causing harm, yet remarkably it carries no warning label.

In this fast-paced environment, our documentary already seems like a piece of history, a snapshot from the last moment when the future ceased asking for permission. That afternoon, with gravel being shoveled and sunlight pouring in, there was a palpable silence in the Hacker mansion, which now feels suspended—an interlude before the surge.

Listening back, I can sense the atmosphere shift—the silence that followed Faye’s question and my nervous chuckle. It’s the sound of tension, the sound of humanity still grounded.

If Knebworth’s Oasis was the last significant singalong before the internet, perhaps this brief moment we chronicled represents the anxious inhalation before the machine begins to produce its own melody.

Tariq O’Regan is a composer based in San Francisco, originally from London. ‘The Artificial Composer,’ a BBC Radio 3 Sunday feature produced by Faye Lomas; is now available on BBC Sounds.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Incredible Rise: Swedish Composer Goes From Relative Obscurity to Spotify Sensation

Sweden’s most listened to artist on Spotify is a “secret” composer who has released music under hundreds of different names, surpassing Britney Spears and Abba in plays.

Stockholm-based musician Johan Rohr has been identified as the mastermind behind over 650 artists, accumulating 15 billion plays on the streaming platform, making him the most played artist in Sweden.

Under aliases like “Maya Åström”, “Minik Knudsen”, “Mingmei Hsueh”, and “Csizmazia”, Lehr has released more than 2,700 songs on Spotify, including a song titled “Ether”.

His success has placed him in the top 100 most streamed artists globally on Spotify, ahead of music legends like Michael Jackson, Metallica, and Mariah Carey.

Rohr owes much of his success to being featured on over 100 official instrumental playlists curated by Spotify, such as “Peaceful Piano” and “Stress Relief”, which are popular among users for background music.

Spotify celebrated paying a record SEK 90 billion (£6.7 billion) to the music industry last year, supporting new artists to make a living from their music.




Swedish group Abba has strong competition with Rohr, supporting over 650 artists on Spotify. Photo: Ole Lindeborg/TT News Agency/AFP/Getty Images

Critics argue that the success of anonymous artists like Rohr goes against Spotify’s promise to support small, independent musicians, record companies, and composers.

Rohr, who has worked as a conductor for pop stars, has kept quiet about his earnings from Spotify, but his private company reportedly earned a record 32.7 million kronor (about 240 million yen) in 2022.

Overtone Studios, the record company behind Rohr’s music, acknowledged his use of multiple names and described him as a “pioneer of the mood music genre”.

Niklas Brantberg of Overtone Studios emphasized the importance of artists being able to publish music under different names to reach their full creative potential.

Spotify allows artists to use pseudonyms, catering to the growing demand for functional music like relaxation and concentration playlists.

The platform licenses music from rights holders and pays royalties as per agreements with distributors, without restrictions on artist names or pseudonyms.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Mathematicians conclusively demonstrate Bach’s greatness as a composer

According to information theory, Johann Sebastian Bach was a great composer

Granger Collection / Alamy Stock Photo

Johann Sebastian Bach is considered one of the great composers of Western classical music. Researchers are currently trying to find out why by analyzing his music using information theory.

Suman Kulkarni Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania wanted to understand how the ability to recall and predict music is related to its structure. They decided to analyze Bach's works because he produced a huge number of works with a variety of structures, including religious hymns called chorales and the fast-paced masterpiece Toccata.

First, the researchers transformed each configuration into an information network by representing each note as a node and each transition between notes as an edge and connecting them. Using this network, we compared the amount of information in each work. Intended to entertain and surprise, toccatas contain more information than chorales, which are composed for more contemplative settings such as churches.

Kulkarni and her colleagues also used information networks to compare listeners' perceptions of Bach's music. They started with an existing computer model based on an experiment in which participants responded to a series of images on a screen. The researchers then measured how surprising the elements of the array were. They adapted an information network based on this model to music, where the links between each node are used to determine how likely a listener thinks two connected notes are to be played in succession, or how likely they actually are. It expresses how surprised you would be if that happened to you. Because humans don't learn information perfectly, a network that shows people's estimated sonic changes to a song is unlikely to accurately match a network based directly on that song. Researchers can quantify that discrepancy.

In this case, the discrepancy is low, suggesting that Bach's works convey information fairly effectively. But Kulkarni wants to fine-tune computer models of human perception to better match actual brain scans of people listening to music.

“More than just knowing frequencies, neuroscience has the missing link between complex structures like music and the brain's response to them. [of sounds]. This study could provide an exciting step forward.” randy mackintosh At Simon Fraser University, Canada. However, there are many other factors that influence how a person perceives music. For example, how long the person listens to songs, whether they have musical training, etc. These still need to be explained, he says.

Even in information theory, it is still not clear whether Bach's compositional style was exceptional compared to other types of music. McIntosh said his own previous research has found some general similarities between the musicians, similar to the differences between Bach and rock guitarist Eddie Van Halen, but more detailed analysis is needed. It states that.

“I would like to perform the same analysis for different composers and non-Western music,” Kulkarni says.

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Source: www.newscientist.com