Vietnam’s Ho Chi Minh City Faces Increased Flooding Risk Due to Rising Sea Levels
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The rate of sea level rise has dramatically accelerated since 2012, as measured by satellites, and this trend has persisted.
While these sudden increases may result from natural fluctuations, they could also signify a response to exacerbated global warming, as noted by Lancelot Leclerc from the University of Toulouse, France.
Over the past 15 years, global average sea levels have risen by more than 0.2 meters due to multiple contributing factors. The melting of mountain glaciers and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, alongside the thermal expansion of warming oceans, play significant roles.
Satellite monitoring of sea levels commenced in the 1990s, revealing a previously stable rise estimated at approximately 3.6 mm per year. However, significant data collected by Leclerc’s team highlights a shift post-2012, with the average increase accelerating from 2.9 mm/year to 4.1 mm/year.
Jonathan Bamber from the University of Bristol, who was not involved in the study, comments, “That’s not a robust signal. We’re not observing centimeters per year.”
Despite this, Bamber acknowledges that analyzing satellite data alongside century-old tide gauge records indicates a clear acceleration in sea level rise.
The researchers believe this increase stems frommultiple factors rather than a single cause. In addition to ice sheets melting at an accelerated rate, there’s a notable decrease in freshwater stored on land, which contributes more water to the oceans.
Moreover, the rate of global warming has intensified since around 2010, primarily due to reduced aerosol pollution in countries like China. Aerosols have a cooling effect, historically mitigating the impact of rising CO2 levels.
Leclerc presented findings at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) conference in Vienna, suggesting that decreasing air pollution contributes to accelerating sea level rise, highlighted in research published on May 5th.
Team member Annie Cazenave from the University of Toulouse remarked, “The trend change observed around 2012 seems related, in part, to an increase in anthropogenic radiation forcing linked to reduced aerosol emissions.”
Another study at the EGU meeting indicated that ocean water deeper than 2 kilometers has begun warming and expanding within the last decade, contributing further to the rise.
Prior to 2016, all recognized causes of sea level increase accounted for the observed global average rise. However, Yang Chunxue from Italy’s National Research Council indicates that these factors alone no longer explain the total increase observed since.
Yang proposed that we’ve overlooked significant contributors, likely including deep ocean warming—an area lacking systematic temperature measurements below 2 kilometers depth. Presently, around 4,000 robotic probes measure oceanic temperatures, but none extend this deep.
Using ocean models, Yang and their collaborators suggest that warming within shallower depths may help clarify the gap in sea level measurements. Their study indicates substantial deep ocean warming is occurring, particularly in the North Atlantic off the US east coast.
“Research suggests deep ocean warming began around 2016,” states Kazunabe, another study contributor. “Further investigation is necessary to confirm its correlation with the early 2010s trend change.”
The research team has estimated that deep ocean warming contributes an estimated 0.4 mm per year to sea level rise, accounting for roughly 10 percent of overall increases.
Ho Chi Minh City Faces Increased Flood Risk from Rising Sea Levels
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Recent satellite measurements reveal a sudden surge in the rate of sea level rise, accelerating sharply since 2012 and remaining high ever since.
These abrupt shifts may stem from natural variability, or they could indicate the impacts of accelerating global warming, according to Lancelot Leclerc from the University of Toulouse, France.
Over the last 15 years, global warming has contributed to an average sea level rise of over 0.2 meters. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including the melting of mountain glaciers along with the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, which are also expanding as ocean temperatures increase.
Satellite monitoring of sea levels began in the 1990s, initially indicating a consistent rise of approximately 3.6 mm annually. Yet, further analysis showed a significant shift around 2012, with the average increase accelerating from 2.9 mm/year to 4.1 mm/year.
“Though it’s not a drastic change,” notes Jonathan Bamber from the University of Bristol, UK, “we’re not talking about centimeters per year.” He emphasizes that this highlights the importance of tracking these changes over time.
Despite the modest increase, the combination of satellite data trends with tide gauge records spanning a century confirms that sea levels are rising at an accelerating rate.
The analysis indicates that this rise is attributable to multiple factors rather than a single cause. The melting of ice sheets is accelerating, freshwater retention on land is decreasing, and more water is flowing into the oceans.
The acceleration of global warming since around 2010 is largely attributed to reduced aerosol pollution from countries such as China. Aerosols have a cooling effect, and their declines have allowed the warming effects of rising carbon dioxide to become more pronounced.
This increase in sea level rise may also correlate with the reduction of aerosol emissions, as Leclerc indicated during a presentation at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) meeting in Vienna on May 5th.
“The change in trends observed around 2012 appears to be partially linked to increased anthropogenic radiative forcing due to decreased aerosol emissions,” explains team member Annie Cazenave from the University of Toulouse.
Furthermore, another study presented at the EGU gathering indicates that ocean water deeper than 2 kilometers has begun to warm and expand over the last decade, potentially contributing to this acceleration in sea levels.
Prior to 2016, all known contributors to sea level rise aligned with observed global averages. However, Yang Chunxue stated at a conference that after this period, these factors no longer accounted for the complete rise.
This discrepancy suggests an unaccounted factor, likely the deep ocean, owing to the absence of systematic measurements of temperatures below 2 kilometers. While nearly 4,000 robotic probes measure ocean temperatures at various depths, none extend that deep.
Yang and his team employed ocean models to demonstrate that warming below 2 kilometers could resolve this budget discrepancy, identifying that a significant amount of deep warming occurs in the North Atlantic off the U.S. East Coast.
“The Sea Level Budget study indicates that deep ocean warming commenced around 2016,” asserts Kazunabe, who was involved in the research. “Further studies are necessary to confirm the connection with the trend changes of the early 2010s.”
The research team’s findings suggest that deep-sea warming currently accounts for an annual rise of 0.4 mm, representing about 10% of the total sea level increase.
The African continent is geologically significant, divided into tectonic plates at the heart of Ethiopia. Recent advancements in geophysics have shed light on the mechanisms of tectonic plate separation. Research has revealed that the continents started to fragment due to cracks and misalignments in the crust and upper mantle, known as the lithosphere. As magma ascends through these fissures, it reaches the Earth’s surface, leading to volcanic formations. While scientists understand the association between volcanoes and continental rifts, the rate of their formation remains unclear, complicating volcanic hazard assessments in rift zones.
A research team, led by Kevin Wong, aimed to resolve this question by analyzing the minerals formed during magma cooling, specifically olivine. They examined 72 olivine crystals, each measuring between 1 and 4 millimeters (0.04 to 0.16 inches), sourced from the Bok and Jiwei volcanoes located within Africa’s Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). Their findings indicate that the lithosphere in this area maintains a thickness of approximately 35-40 kilometers (21-25 miles). This substantial lithosphere hints at the MER’s position as an intermediate stage in continental separation, offering a unique perspective on the transition from tectonic deformation to magmatic fractures.
Wong and his team chose to analyze olivine due to its role as one of the earliest minerals to crystallize from magma, continuing to grow as the magma cools and rises. As the magma ascends, its composition alters, creating distinct chemical “zones” within the growing crystals, akin to the rings of a tree. Fluctuations in temperature and magma composition cause various elements, like magnesium and iron, to diffuse at differing rates, allowing scientists to model these chemical zones and their boundaries to determine the speed of magma ascent from the upper mantle to the surface.
The researchers utilized high-magnification imaging and chemical analysis through an electronic microprobe to study olivine crystals from the MER volcanic field. They meticulously mapped 10 to 15 points within each crystal, spaced approximately 5 to 15 microns (about 10% the thickness of a human hair) across a cross-section that spanned the growth zone from the inner core to the outer edge.
Their analysis identified two distinct categories of olivine crystals. The first displayed a normal zone crystal characterized by a magnesium-rich inner core, while the second was identified as a reverse zone crystal with a magnesium-poor core. The research indicated that freshly formed magma deep within the Earth is richer in magnesium than iron. The boundary between the magnesium-rich and magnesium-poor zones can become indistinct due to diffusion. This gradual smoothing of crystal boundaries over time operates at a known rate, allowing researchers to extract valuable information regarding the rate of magma ascent and its interaction with adjacent rock.
Employing a numerical model, the team estimated the diffusion rates of magnesium and iron across these chemical boundaries, factoring in varying temperatures and magma compositions. By comparing thousands of simulated diffusion profiles with actual olivine diffusion profiles, the researchers estimated that the crystals ascended from deep within the Earth and mixed with the surrounding magma over an average of 40 days during the Bok eruption and 17 days during the Jiwei eruption. They further cross-validated these estimates using a growth-diffusion model, which better mirrors the natural behavior of crystals, yielding an approximate rise time of 27 days while accurately replicating the observed crystal band pattern.
Based on their findings, the researchers concluded that intermediate-stage rifting events occur at surprisingly short time scales. On average, magma can ascend up to 40 kilometers (25 miles) from deep within the Earth to the surface in about one month. This timeline aligns more closely with human time frames than geological ones. They suggested that such rapid ascent is likely due to a sophisticated magmatic plumbing system embedded within the lithosphere, which develops before substantial thinning occurs. However, the researchers cautioned that these findings imply that the ascension timescale could vary significantly, impacting disaster mitigation and prediction efforts.
Space debris, including defunct satellites and leftover rocket stages, poses an increasing risk to operational spacecraft and human space missions. Recent research indicates that heightened solar activity may accelerate the descent of space debris, influencing how scientists estimate satellite lifespans and collision probabilities.
When solar activity reaches approximately 67% of its peak, space debris descends more rapidly.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO), ranging from 400 to 2,000 km, serves as a prime location for image surveillance satellites, including Starlink and large-scale internet “megaconstellations.”
However, this region is cluttered with “space junk,” like retired satellites and rocket stages, posing risks to new launches. A single collision can trigger a chain reaction of extensive damage.
Efforts to use robotic systems for capturing space debris are still in their infancy. Researchers are currently focused on accurately tracking debris and identifying the most hazardous objects for future removal.
“We demonstrate that heightened solar activity accelerates the altitude loss of space debris surrounding Earth,” explained Dr. Aisha Ashraf, a researcher at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center.
“For the first time, we reveal that this altitude reduction occurs significantly faster once solar activity surpasses a specific threshold.”
“This finding is expected to play a crucial role in planning sustainable future space operations.”
The sun operates on an 11-year cycle, alternating between active and quiet phases, which correlates with sunspot numbers and affects the intensity of solar radiation.
UV radiation and charged particles (such as helium nuclei and heavy ions) increase during active periods.
When this solar outburst peaks, as observed in 2024, it heats Earth’s thermosphere, located at altitudes of 100 to 1,000 km, with temperatures ranging from 500 to 2,500 degrees Celsius.
This elevation in atmospheric density around orbiting objects (350-36,000 km altitude) increases atmospheric resistance or “drag,” accelerating their descent.
In their study, Dr. Ashraf and colleagues analyzed the historical trajectories of 17 LEO space debris objects over a 36-year timeline beginning in the 1960s, encompassing the 22nd to 24th solar cycles.
These objects orbit the Earth every 90 to 120 minutes at altitudes of 600 to 800 km and have yet to reenter the atmosphere; eventually, they will combust upon reentry.
Since space debris does not engage in active station-keeping like artificial satellites, its descent rates are influenced solely by variations in thermosphere density.
“This characteristic makes space junk an excellent indicator for assessing the long-term impacts of solar activity on atmospheric drag,” stated the researchers.
They correlated these orbits with extensive data from the German Geoscience Research Center, which monitors sunspot activity alongside daily shifts in solar radio and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation.
The findings indicated that when sunspot numbers exceed two-thirds of their peak, space debris crosses a “transition boundary,” prompting faster descent.
“This threshold appears unrelated to a specific solar radiation value but rather hinges on the sun’s proximity to its peak activity,” remarked Dr. Ashraf.
“At this juncture, the sun emits more intense EUV radiation, potentially due to amplified solar activities near the peak.”
The researchers emphasized that their discoveries will assist space scientists in optimizing satellite trajectories and mitigating collision risks with debris.
“Our findings suggest that when solar activity heightens beyond a particular level, satellites decline in altitude more rapidly, akin to space debris, necessitating more frequent orbital adjustments,” Dr. Ashraf noted.
“This directly impacts a satellite’s operational duration in orbit and its fuel requirements, particularly for missions launched close to solar maximum.”
“Remarkably, all this valuable information derives from objects launched in the 1960s.”
“They continue to contribute to our understanding and act as vital instruments for investigating the long-term effects of solar activity on the thermosphere.”
The team’s study has been published in the latest issue of Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science.
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Aisha M. Ashraf et al. 2026. Characterizing the influence of solar cycles on long-term orbital degradation of Low-Earth Orbit space debris. Front. Astron. Space Sci. 13; doi: 10.3389/fspas.2026.1797886
Research indicates that love in later life is significantly underexplored.
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Recent findings from the Science Council on Romance reveal a lack of understanding regarding how dating dynamics change for older adults. However, there’s growing evidence that romantic relationships among individuals over 50 are becoming increasingly common, prompting researchers to investigate how love evolves later in life.
“There is a significant gap in data,” says Mairi McLeod, who leads the Evolved Dating program aimed at helping women over 50 find loving partners. “Nevertheless, maintaining a fulfilling relationship after 50 is crucial; we still desire intimacy and companionship,” she states.
The Rising Trend of Dating for Older Adults
During a recent conference held in Edinburgh, UK, McLeod noted several factors contributing to the increase in dating among those over 50. This demographic has expanded significantly; in the UK alone, the number of individuals aged 50 and older grew by 3.1 million over the last decade, a trend anticipated to continue for the next 20 years.
Moreover, McLeod highlighted that divorce rates among older adults are rising in Western nations like the UK and the US, leading to a higher number of single individuals over 50. It’s also becoming more socially accepted for individuals to seek new partners following the loss of a spouse or the end of a relationship.
The Research Focus Shifts
Despite the increasing prevalence of older adults dating, most research has centered on college students and younger adults. This focus neglects the dating experiences of individuals over 50, as certain experts, such as Craig Roberts, have pointed out.
One explanation for the lack of research on late-life dating is the societal perception that love is primarily linked to reproduction, with many assuming romantic love fades after the age of 50. Divinity Charla, a psychologist at York St John University, emphasizes that societal and economic forces often prioritize funding for studies on younger demographics, neglecting the romantic lives of older generations.
Charla notes that older individuals continue to experience romance and desire, often underrepresented in societal narratives about aging. “When I mention romantic love, my 92-year-old patients often share stories of sexuality, romance, and seeking companionship,” he explains.
Challenges and Advantages of Dating Later in Life
According to McLeod’s findings, heterosexual women over 50 in the UK face unique challenges in finding partners. “Starting around 50, the male population diminishes, as men generally have shorter lifespans and often seek younger partners,” she highlights.
This demographic trend results in older women competing for a smaller pool of available men. “There’s a consistent shortage of men at speed dating events, leading to cancellations when turnout is insufficient,” McLeod adds.
Despite these challenges, McLeod’s Evolved Dating program has successfully supported over 200 women through weekly group calls over six months, gaining insight into the nuances of dating later in life for well-educated, affluent women in the UK. “Older women often enjoy advantages such as financial independence and the absence of a biological clock,” she notes.
McLeod concludes, “Older women are more empowered to make choices and may opt not to pursue a relationship if decent options aren’t available.”
Looking ahead, McLeod and Roberts aim to conduct a study focusing on the challenges of dating later in life, offering practical tips for older singles seeking love.
Photographer Yuri Segalerba presents a photo essay focusing on the alarming increase in temperature and the emergence of dengue fever in the Himalayan region of Nepal. Nestled at 2,438 meters above sea level, Chandannath is one of the highest towns where Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and their larvae have been found. These mosquitoes, known carriers of dengue fever and other illnesses, were previously noted only up to an altitude of 2,100 meters.
Segalerba, who studies how traditional knowledge systems react to external pressures, was exploring dengue’s spread to Peru’s high Andes when he stumbled upon alarming developments in Nepal: “This was an ideal setting for my inquiry—where an ancient medical tradition confronts a disease it has never encountered,” he reflects.
Due to climate change and increased travel, dengue fever has proliferated across vast regions of Nepal. Reports indicate that in 2025, an estimated six fatalities from dengue fever occurred, with around 9,000 infections reported, spreading the virus to 76 out of 77 districts in the country, according to Kathmandu News.
Detailed View: Female Aedes aegypti Mosquito
Photo Credit: Yuri Segalerba
This close-up reveals a female Aedes aegypti. The Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), in collaboration with the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Belgium, is studying adult mosquitoes and larvae for color and shape alterations. These changes indicate potential resistance to insecticides and adaptations to different altitudes.
The research is supported by Mr. Ishan Gautam, Associate Professor and Director of the Natural History Museum at Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu. The larvae were sent to Geetamata Junior High School in Kathmandu, where an awareness campaign is being conducted to educate locals about Aedes mosquito habits, emphasizing the importance of eliminating breeding sites such as stagnant water.
Students Observe Aedes Larvae During a Campaign
Photo Credit: Yuri Segalerba
In this image, Amchi Khedup Roden Gurung packages traditional Sowa Rigpa (Tibetan) medicine at a clinic in Jomsom, northern Nepal.
Traditional Healer Amchi Khedup Gurung Prepares Medicine
In Chandannath, the community is encouraged to install mosquito nets. Local resident Devi Kanya Katayata can be seen breastfeeding her son Nehan Buddha under a protective net in her home.
Using Mosquito Nets in Chandannath, Nepal
Photo Credit: Yuri Segalerba
NHRC PhD student Sunita Baral is seen studying mosquitoes in a controlled breeding cage. The research is vital for understanding the lifestyles of the dengue-carrying mosquito prevalent throughout Nepal.
Mosquitoes Captured in Breeding Cages at NHRC
Photo Credit: Yuri Segalerba
The following image depicts sheets drying under the sun in Pokhara Hospital’s courtyard. As the main gateway to the highland region of Mustang, recent cases of dengue fever have been reported there. Experts warn that these figures likely underrepresent the disease’s prevalence, as about 90% of cases show no symptoms, leaving many infections and deaths unreported.
Ace, an advanced autonomous robot with AI and state-of-the-art sensors, plays competitive table tennis, defeating elite human competitors—a groundbreaking achievement in robotics.
While computers have dominated the strategic game of chess, Ace’s triumph suggests a pivotal moment for physical sports is near, reminiscent of the “Deep Blue” episode in 1997 when a machine bested chess champion Garry Kasparov.
“Games have always served as benchmarks for AI, akin to Deep Blue Chess and the game-changing AlphaGo,” says Peter Duerr, the mastermind behind Ace at Sony AI, Zurich.
Duerr emphasizes that unlike previous AI milestones achieved online, Ace competes directly against real-world professional table tennis champions, marking a significant progression.
“Ace offers a unique insight: the competition between robots and humans in genuine athletic events,” observes Duerr.
Ace incorporates three key advancements in autonomous robotics, according to Duerr. First, it uses “event-based sensors” that focus on specific image areas, detecting movement and brightness changes critical for tracking the trajectory of a table tennis ball.
Moreover, Ace’s table tennis skills are enhanced through “model-free reinforcement learning,” where it learns through practical experiences rather than pre-defined models of play. This process equates to an extensive training regimen of thousands of hours in simulated environments.
Finally, the high-speed robotic hardware enables Ace to exhibit “human-like agility.” Duerr notes that Ace’s response time is around 20 milliseconds, compared to the 230 milliseconds human athletes typically require, making it exceptionally agile.
Currently, Ace maintains a robotic appearance akin to those on factory floors, utilizing a network of cameras and sensors around the table tennis arena. Yet, researchers predict that with technological advancements, Ace may eventually evolve into a humanoid form.
In a recent match conducted under the regulations of Japan’s professional table tennis league, Ace faced five elite non-professional players, all with at least 10 years of experience and extensive training hours. Two professional players also participated in the event.
Ace secured victories in three out of five matches against elite players, although encountered losses against professional opponents, with a notable win against one professional participant.
Ace’s advantage lies in its unpredictability; while human players often read body language for cues, Ace relies solely on data, creating a distinctive challenge.
“Some athletes noted they usually gauge opponents’ expressions, yet Ace doesn’t exhibit such behavior,” Duerr explains.
A few players were surprised by Ace’s ability to interpret the spin on serves, which it countered adeptly despite attempts to disguise them. Ace even surprised its creators by returning a ball that hit the net, showcasing an unanticipated skill.
Since the research concluded over a year ago, the team has been continuously refining Ace’s capabilities.
In December 2025, Ace won its first match against a professional player, followed by victories against three professional players, including Miyu Kihara, currently ranked within the top 25 in the world, and two male pros, Touto Ryuzaki and Fumiya Igarashi.
“With further improvements, we aim to surpass even world champions,” states Duerr.
Duerr adds that the evolution of skills works both ways.
“Former Olympian Kinjiro Nakamura remarked that he believed certain shots were impossible until he witnessed Ace in action, leading him to believe that human athletes could emulate those techniques,” Duerr concludes.
Collaboration between DESI and KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Proctor
The universe is in a state of transformation. While not yet at its conclusion, one day all we know will fade away.
Everything we know—the cities, lakes, planets, solar systems, and the stars—are on a path to an ultimate finale.
What lies ahead? Some experts speculate that the universe’s expansion will eventually reverse, gathering everything tightly until it culminates in a big crunch, only to start anew in a big bounce. This idea, known as cyclic cosmology, has resurfaced, partly fueled by groundbreaking data from the Dark Energy Spectrograph (DESI)’s comprehensive 3D map of the universe.
Proponents of periodic cosmology often advocate for its aesthetic simplicity. If the universe follows this cycle, we may not need to grapple with what caused the Big Bang or what existed before it—these questions may have been resolved already. Scottish astronomer Katherine Heymans eloquently summarized during a recent lecture hosted by New Scientist: “The universe undergoes a big bang, expands, slows down, and gravity pulls it back, culminating in another big bang.”
Nobel Prize winner Adam Riess, who contributed significantly to the discovery of dark energy, highlights why many cosmologists favor this concept. He states, “This suggests we are not in a unique universe, implying that the periodic nature of the cosmos makes we, as existences, less coincidental.” However, this perspective may be seen as anthropocentric rather than purely physics-based.
For decades, periodic cosmology lost momentum, especially after Riess’s findings indicated that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Should dark energy outweigh gravitational forces, the likelihood of the universe collapsing decreases. Heymans noted, “Current evidence points towards a desolate, cold demise for our universe,” referring to heat death, which is currently the prevalent theory concerning the universe’s fate.
This notion isn’t without challenges, particularly when exploring how energy, matter, and entropy behave between cosmic cycles.
The second law of thermodynamics complicates the scenario. It posits that disorder, or entropy, never declines in a closed system like the universe. While entropy rises overall as the universe expands, it would seemingly decrease if contraction occurs—an apparent contradiction lies therein. Although some theoretical work has aimed to circumvent this, the ultimate cycle still reverts to a Big Bang followed by heat death, albeit through a convoluted path.
Prominent theoretical physicist Roger Penrose introduced a model called conformal periodic cosmology to navigate these complexities. His theory posits that the universe remains seemingly ever-expanding until the end, where matter disintegrates entirely into photons. Here’s the novel aspect: the uniformity at the new cycle’s start mirrors the emptiness at the previous cycle’s conclusion, potentially allowing a new universe to emerge.
While intriguing, this paradigm remains hard to empirically test, though Penrose has suggested potential measurable evidence. However, skepticism persists in the cosmological community, yet its avoidance of the entropy quandary means it shouldn’t be disregarded outright.
Mayall 4-Meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory
DESI Collaboration/DOE/KPNO/NOIR
DESI’s expansive cosmic map indicates that dark energy—a previously unstoppable force—may be losing strength. This suggests that while the universe’s expansion continues, its acceleration might be slowing down. As Heymans pointed out, this doesn’t imply a cosmic contraction but marks a significant shift in our understanding of dark energy.
The possibility that dark energy can weaken over the next ten billion years could usher in a new phase for periodic cosmology. “The transformation of dark energy may pave the way for a universe that can reverse its expansion one day,” noted Heymans.
Understanding the universe’s fate hinges on comprehending dark energy, which constitutes nearly 70% of the universe’s matter and energy. The nature of dark energy remains elusive, complicating efforts to theorize regarding the universe’s long-term trajectory. As Reese contended, “Extrapolating into the future without knowing more about dark energy renders predictions difficult.” While the cold death of the universe may seem the most probable outcome, the prospect of a big bounce-back is more conceivable than it has been in decades.
The unpredicted tornado in Kansas follows a similarly dramatic event in Michigan last month, where no tornado watch was issued in southern Michigan, tragically resulting in four fatalities. Nevertheless, the National Weather Service (NWS) did issue a warning indicating that a tornado was imminent.
Democratic Senators from Michigan, Gary Peters and Elissa Slotkin, sent a letter to NWS Director Ken Graham raising critical questions. They inquired about the absence of tornado watches, the possibility of staffing shortages influencing these decisions, and how the NWS plans to enhance its future tornado warnings. A spokesperson stated that the NWS responded directly to the senators but did not disclose the details to NBC News.
In light of ongoing staffing shortages, the NWS has taken measures to reinforce its operations, yet external meteorologists argue that the repercussions are still felt.
“It wasn’t something that was solved overnight,” noted meteorologist Baguskie. “Considering what we see in the atmosphere, it’s clear that the issues still persist. Any severe weather day raises concerns, especially since the peak of tornado season typically occurs from late April to May.”
Buildings damaged in Ottawa on Tuesday following a severe storm. Nick Ingram/Associated Press
Forecasters at the NWS office in Kansas City assessed the atmosphere on Monday as “unstable,” aware that the storm could intensify. Despite this, meteorologists believed a tornado formation was unlikely.
Meteorologist Brad Temeyer explained, “There was a strong possibility we wouldn’t experience any rain or thunderstorms. The conditions appeared perfect for nothing to happen. Yet, when the tornado did occur, it had a significant impact.”
Temeyer mentioned that authorities conducted a survey of the tornado damage on Tuesday.
“Thankfully, there were no serious injuries or fatalities reported. We evaluated the situation, and residents had adequately prepared for the possibility of a tornado, evacuating when the warning was provided,” he shared.
Brian LaMarr, who was the meteorologist-in-charge for Weather Consultants at NWS in Tampa Bay, Florida, reviewed forecasting models for Monday, focusing on data before and after the delayed release of weather balloons.
LaMarr found that initial models did not indicate any thunderstorm risk around southwest Kansas City; however, upon incorporating balloon data, the models began to predict clusters of thunderstorms. Further investigation is required to determine whether this change resulted from the added balloon data.
“We need a thorough investigation to understand why the risks weren’t identified. What critical details were overlooked?” he argued.
The Midwest may experience more severe weather, as the Storm Prediction Center forecasts a risk of severe thunderstorms extending into the weekend.
“We urge everyone to remain vigilant,” Temeyer advised citizens in the Kansas City area.
Donated blood typically comes from anonymous volunteers and is meticulously tested for safety.
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Hospitals across the U.S. are facing an unprecedented demand from patients needing blood transfusions: specifically, blood from donors who are not vaccinated against COVID-19. This request has led to treatment delays and even life-threatening reactions in some cases.
“These requests are often fueled by misinformation regarding vaccine safety and blood supplies, rather than justifiable concerns regarding blood transfusions,” explains Dr. Jeremy Jacobs at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville. “It’s crucial to understand that local blood supplies are rigorously regulated and tested, and there’s no evidence that using unvaccinated blood makes transfusions safer.”
Jacobs and his team examined blood donations at the Vanderbilt Center from January 2024 to December 2025. They discovered that 15 patients, or their relatives, expressed a desire to donate blood directly if it came from a known, unvaccinated source, typically a family member, rather than the usual blood bank.
In the UK and Australia, direct donations are typically reserved for exceptional cases, such as when the blood type is rare and no suitable blood bank donors are available. While the U.S. allows this practice more freely, guidelines can vary significantly between centers.
The study revealed that all 15 patients sought blood donations specifically from donors they knew were unvaccinated, largely as a reaction to concerns surrounding COVID-19. However, blood banks do not record or communicate the vaccination status of anonymized donors.
These requests have delayed necessary treatments and jeopardized patient health. In extreme cases, a patient’s hemoglobin levels may drop to critical thresholds, risking organ damage. Another patient faced anemia as a result.
“Direct blood donations involve more operational complexity than traditional blood supply methods,” Jacobs warns. “They necessitate additional coordination, collection, processing, tracking, and timing.”
While blood is thoroughly tested before transfusion, direct donations can also present a heightened risk of infection. This is often due to these donations being one-time events, as opposed to being sourced from repeat donors who are familiar to the blood bank and who may maintain better safety protocols.
The rate of direct blood donations surged during the HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s, and again during the COVID-19 pandemic as mRNA vaccines were introduced. These vaccines work by introducing a segment of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic code, prompting the individual’s cells to generate a protein that triggers an immune response. This prepares the immune system to combat SARS-CoV-2 if infection occurs.
Despite numerous studies validating the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, misinformation continues to falsely associate them with infertility and a range of other health concerns. Conspiracy theories have even misrepresented these vaccines as containing microchips or altering DNA.
In a 2025 study, it was confirmed that blood donations from individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 are safe. “The increased demand for unvaccinated blood reflects a pervasive uncertainty surrounding vaccines among certain population segments, rather than any substantiated transfusion risk,” states Dr. Ash Toye at the University of Bristol, UK.
“These requests illustrate the tangible consequences of misinformation on patients, hospitals, and blood donation efforts,” Jacobs emphasizes. “At the same time, it highlights the necessity to address patient concerns with empathy and understanding, even when those concerns lack supporting evidence.”
Tragic news from Dawson’s Creek star James Van Der Beek, who recently succumbed to bowel cancer at just 48 years old, has brought attention to the alarming surge of early-onset cancer cases.
New research highlighted in Lancet Oncology indicates that the incidence of this disease among individuals under 50 has escalated in 27 out of 50 countries over the last decade—an increase that cannot be simply attributed to genetic factors.
“That’s very concerning,” states Dr. Trevor Rowley, a researcher at the Wellcome Sanger Institute. “While we have hypotheses we are examining, the need for additional data remains critical.”
It is yet unclear if a single factor is responsible for this rise or if a combination of elements is at play, but these are currently the leading theories.
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Obesity and Early-Onset Cancer
Adolescent obesity is among the recognized risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer, along with conditions like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome that can further heighten this risk. Onset of disease is increasingly attributed to these health issues.
“Obesity is a well-known risk factor for colorectal cancer across all age demographics,” asserts Dr. Peter Campbell, professor of epidemiology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
“Excess body fat leads to chronic inflammation and metabolic changes, which include elevated insulin levels and growth factor signaling—conditions that can foster the development of precancerous polyps and cancers in the colorectum.”
Excess body fat can trigger inflammation and hormonal changes, heightening your risk of colon cancer – Photo credit: Getty
However, Campbell notes that while the number of individuals under 50 who are overweight or obese is rising, this alone does not fully account for the increase in bowel cancer cases. One analysis revealed that obesity was a contributing factor in only about 13% of early-onset colorectal cancer cases.
Thus, other significant risk factors likely play a role, some of which manifest surprisingly early in life.
The Role of Intestinal Bacteria
Cancer does not develop overnight. The progression from initial DNA damage to tumor formation can take years or even decades. To unravel the origins of colorectal cancer, especially in young adults, Rowley and his team are investigating the microbiomes of infants.
The leading theory posits that a toxic enzyme known as colibactin may be a key contributor to early-onset colorectal cancer.
This enzyme is known to cause unique patterns of DNA damage in colon cells that are notoriously difficult to repair. A study published in Nature found that colibactin-related DNA mutations were 3.3 times more frequent among colorectal cancer patients under 40 compared to those over 70.
Certain gut bacteria produce toxins that can damage DNA in the colon, increasing cancer risk decades later – Photo credit: Getty
Numerous gut bacteria species are known to produce colibactin, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter coseri.
It’s believed that some individuals acquire these pathogens in early life, setting the stage for future DNA damage and increased cancer susceptibility decades later.
“My lab has amassed a significant database of baby microbiomes from around the globe. For instance, about 25% of infants born in the UK have colibactin in their gut microbiome,” Rowley shares.
Read more:
The prevailing hypothesis is that more infants are acquiring pathogenic enteric bacteria in their colons compared to earlier generations. But why?
Some researchers point to the rising use of antibiotics in early childhood. These medications can unintentionally decimate significant portions of the beneficial gut microbiome, facilitating invasion by harmful bacteria.
Others speculate that increased C-section births, reliance on formula feeding, or other factors may be contributing to this trend. “These are all avenues we’re researching,” Rowley notes.
Ultra-Processed Foods
Complicating the situation is the fact that many people may carry colibactin DNA mutations without ever developing cancer.
This phenomenon could be attributed to their immune systems effectively identifying and eliminating malignant cells before tumor formation occurs. “While a mutation is necessary for cancer development, the immune system also plays a crucial role,” Rowley explains.
Consequently, another theory suggests that diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPF) may influence the development of colorectal cancer. A study published in Nutrition in 2021 indicated that regular intake of UPF may lead to immune system dysfunction.
Researchers suggest that a diet high in ultra-processed foods may promote abnormal growth in the intestines, leading to cancer – Photo courtesy of Getty
UPF may also encourage the growth of pro-inflammatory intestinal bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is believed to increase risk by enabling tumors to evade immune system surveillance.
Last year, a study conducted by researchers at Harvard Medical School, published in JAMA Oncology, found that women consuming up to 10 servings of UPF per day had a 45% higher risk of developing intestinal polyps compared to those who ingested just three servings daily. “Such polyps can precede colorectal cancer,” Campbell warns.
Environmental Toxins
While the three theories mentioned above have substantial backing, researchers continue to explore fresh hypotheses, including the potential impact of environmental toxins like microplastics and nanoplastics.
A study published last October recreated a gut microbiome model using stool samples from healthy participants, who were subsequently exposed to five common microplastics.
The findings suggested that particular plastic particles could alter microbiome composition.
Frank Frizell, a Professor of Colorectal Surgery at the University of Otago, speculates that plastic accumulation in the intestines may be linked to the rise of colorectal cancer among the youth.
“It’s plausible that they could penetrate the protective mucus layer of the intestinal lining, akin to poking a pinhole in a water balloon,” Frizell explains. “The plastics likely aren’t toxic in themselves, but they may act as vectors for harmful bacteria and chemicals or disrupt the mucus barrier.”
Potential Solutions
Ultimately, while many unknowns remain, further understanding of the causes behind early-onset colorectal cancer could pave the way for new solutions.
One avenue worth exploring is phage therapy, which involves introducing viruses into the intestine that target colibactin-producing bacteria, effectively halting toxin production. Another possibility is the development of probiotics designed to enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby counteracting harmful pathogens.
Phage therapy employs targeted bacteriophages to eliminate specific bacteria, with some firms aiming to utilize this approach to combat colibactin, a toxic enzyme known for causing DNA damage. – Photo courtesy of Science Photo Library
“Certain companies are exploring the use of phages to eliminate bacterial strains that produce colibactin,” Rowley notes.
“We’re leveraging a database of early childhood microbiomes to identify beneficial species and strains that could invade and prosper in babies with less diverse microbiomes during their initial months of life.”
An incredible 30-second exposure captures the Falcon 9 upper stage re-entering the atmosphere over Berlin, Germany, on February 19, 2025.
Photo by Gerd Baumgarten
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket ignited a plume of vaporized metal as it re-entered the atmosphere, raising concerns about atmospheric pollution across Europe. This type of contamination is expected to surge as the number of spacecraft and satellites continues to grow.
The Falcon 9’s upper stage, intended for recovery in the Pacific Ocean, suffered an engine failure that led to its uncontrolled descent over the North Atlantic on February 19, 2025.
Witnesses throughout Europe observed fiery debris streaking across the sky, with some fragments landing behind warehouses in Poland. Researchers from Germany’s Leibniz Institute for Atmospheric Physics employed lidar technology to monitor the atmosphere. They noted a tenfold increase in lithium concentration— a significant component of the rocket’s structure— twenty hours after the re-entry event.
Using atmospheric models, researchers concluded that the lithium plume drifted approximately 1,600 kilometers from the re-entry site. This investigation represents the first instance of tracking high-altitude contamination resulting from a specific spacecraft re-entry.
According to Wing, small metal particles could catalyze ozone depletion, create clouds in the stratosphere and mesosphere, and interfere with sunlight’s passage through the atmosphere. “However, this field remains largely underexplored.”
As commercial space launches surge and companies expand their satellite constellations, such as SpaceX’s Starlink and Amazon’s Kuiper, concerns regarding contamination are becoming more pronounced. Currently, around 14,500 satellites orbit Earth, and SpaceX recently applied to deploy an additional 1 million satellites to support Elon Musk’s vision of creating orbiting data centers for artificial intelligence.
To mitigate a potential cycle of collisions that could generate more space debris, satellites are often permitted to deorbit and burn up at the end of their operational lives. Experts warn that space debris could increase by fiftyfold over the next decade, potentially contributing to more than 40% of the mass currently entering the atmosphere from meteorites.
There is a common misconception that space debris simply burns up and disappears in the atmosphere. According to Daniel Cizzo of Purdue University, who did not partake in this study, “We need to be cautious and thoroughly analyze the potential impacts of this material.”
The Falcon 9’s plume is estimated to contain around 30 kilograms of lithium. However, given the alloy composition of the rocket’s hull, it likely contained significantly more aluminum.
When evaporated aluminum interacts with atmospheric oxygen, it forms aluminum oxide particles, which serve as surfaces for chlorine compounds to decompose more easily. The chlorine radicals generated through this process react with and deplete ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Researchers estimate that the burnout of spacecraft releases approximately 1,000 tons of aluminum oxide into the atmosphere annually, a figure that continues to rise. This exacerbation could extend the ozone hole in the Southern Hemisphere, which has been shrinking as nations phase out ozone-depleting gases. The loss of ozone allows more harmful ultraviolet rays to penetrate, increasing the risk of skin cancer.
“In terms of metals, we are entering a new paradigm where anthropogenic pollution increasingly influences the upper atmosphere, overshadowing natural sources,” says Eloise Marais from University College London. “Space debris risks reversing the progress made in healing the ozone hole.”
Metal oxide particles also function as nuclei for water vapor to coalesce into droplets, potentially leading to the formation of cirrus clouds that trap heat in the upper troposphere.
Scientists have detected particles from a burned-out spacecraft within cirrus clouds. While the effect on global warming is currently considered minor compared to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, it could still pose increased risks.
“Substantial evidence indicates that this substance may adversely affect the atmosphere. It is now our responsibility as scientists to assess whether these effects are occurring and the degree of their negativity,” Cizzo stated.
Potential solutions include constructing satellites from wood-like materials—though these may emit black carbon soot upon re-entry—or relocating satellites to high-altitude “graveyard orbits.”
“You must take a moment to consider your intentions before proceeding,” Wing advises. “This rapid growth in satellite launches poses questions that remain unanswered.”
For decades, discussions surrounding coastal risk have focused primarily on climate change and sea level rise. However, a significant new global study reveals an even more urgent threat: land subsidence, affecting hundreds of millions of people living in delta regions, including urban hubs like New Orleans and Bangkok.
In various locations around the world, land is sinking at rates that often surpass the rising sea levels.
Utilizing satellite radar technology to monitor minute changes in the Earth’s surface, researchers have discovered that over half of the world’s deltas—low-lying areas where major rivers converge with the ocean—are currently sinking. This gradual subsidence, in conjunction with sea level rise, poses the most significant flood risk in many densely populated delta regions on Earth.
“This is truly a declaration of war,” stated Professor Robert Nicholls, co-author of the study and coastal scientist at the University of Southampton. The findings were reported in BBC Science Focus. “Until now, no one had taken a global perspective on delta subsidence. This study highlights the breadth of the issue and underscores the urgency of addressing it.”
The survey results can be found in the journal Nature.
Subsidence rates in river deltas, displayed as colored circles. The size of each circle reflects the area of the delta sinking faster than sea level rise, represented as a color gradient across the delta’s basin. Photo credit: Ohenhen et al. (2026)
Global Problems Hidden in Plain Sight
Delta regions comprise only 1% of the Earth’s land area but are home to approximately 350 to 500 million people, including some of the world’s most significant cities and productive agricultural zones. These areas serve as economic powerhouses, environmental hotspots, and essential food sources, yet they are inherently fragile.
Deltas are formed by loose, water-saturated sediments deposited over millennia. In their natural state, these sediments compact under their own weight and gradually sink.
Historically, natural subsidence was balanced by periodic flooding that replenished the land with fresh sediment, but modern interventions have disrupted this equilibrium.
The recent study analyzed satellite measurements across 40 major delta regions from 2014 to 2023, creating the first high-resolution global image detailing land elevation changes.
The findings were alarming: currently, at least 35% of delta regions have subsided, with over half of the land surface subsiding in most deltas.
In 18 of the 40 river deltas examined, land is sinking faster than local sea level rise, revealing hotspots where subsidence dominates over regional and global sea level increases.
A similar pattern is evident across continents—Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas—where relative sea levels rise due to both ocean expansion and land subsidence.
“From a risk perspective, it doesn’t matter if sea levels rise or land sinks,” Nichols explained. “The ultimate effect is the same, but the responses to those threats may differ.”
The Ciliund Delta in Indonesia is home to Jakarta, inhabited by over 40 million people, and is sinking at an average rate of 5.6 mm annually. Photo credit: Getty
What is Causing the Sinking?
The study identified three primary causes of anthropogenic land subsidence: groundwater extraction, reduced sediment supply, and urban expansion. Among these, groundwater pumping is the most significant predictor.
When groundwater is extracted, the soft surrounding sediments collapse and compact, a process that is nearly irreversible. Once the sediment is compacted, it will not return, even if water levels recover.
In 10 out of the 40 delta regions studied, groundwater depletion was the main factor driving land subsidence. Additionally, reduced river sediment caused by damming and flood defenses, combined with the weight of growing cities built on soft soils, contribute to this crisis.
As a result, what was once a slow geological phenomenon has transformed into an urgent environmental crisis.
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US Case: Mississippi Delta
The Mississippi River Delta in New Orleans and Louisiana exemplifies this issue in the United States.
The analysis confirms widespread subsidence across the delta, with over 90% of the region experiencing subsidence at an average rate of 3.3 mm per year. Some localized areas even sink much faster.
While this rate may seem minimal, it accumulates significantly over decades, especially alongside the threats posed by rising sea levels and hurricanes.
The Mississippi Delta has lost thousands of square kilometers of coastal wetlands over the last century, resulting in catastrophic damage. An area the size of a soccer field is lost to open water every 100 minutes.
The Mississippi Delta experiences an average subsidence of 3.3 mm per year, with some hotspots sinking over 10 times faster. Photo credit: NASA Earth Observatory
The lack of fresh sediment is a critical issue. Levees and dams prevent flooding and the natural deposition of new sediments that help rebuild the land. Additionally, drainage systems, oil and gas extraction, and decades of groundwater pumping exert further stress on fragile soils.
While some delta areas display resilience, one proposed solution is relocating populations away from these vulnerable regions. For instance, New Orleans has seen a steady population decline since the 1960s.
“In the United States, people tend to accept the idea of relocation,” Nichols noted, emphasizing that societal mobility and favorable land-use policies make this transition more politically feasible than in parts of Europe and Asia, where long-term protective measures are generally favored.
Warning to Major Cities
While North America grapples with these challenges, the most extreme subsidence rates can be found in parts of South and Southeast Asia, where population density is high and dependence on groundwater for agriculture, industry, and drinking water prevails.
Regions such as the Mekong River (Vietnam), Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers (Bangladesh and India), Chao Phraya River (Thailand), and Yellow River (China) are sinking faster than current global sea level rise in some areas by over a centimeter per year.
Mega-cities like Bangkok, Dhaka, Shanghai, and parts of Jakarta are built on these subsiding foundations.
The good news is that, unlike global sea level rise—which unfolds over centuries—human-induced land subsidence can respond swiftly to policy changes. A notable success story is Tokyo.
Due to strict groundwater extraction regulations, Tokyo has significantly reduced subsidence rates. Photo credit: Getty
In the mid-20th century, unchecked groundwater extraction caused parts of Tokyo to sink more than 4 meters. However, rigorous regulations on groundwater use and investments in alternative water sources resulted in a swift decrease in subsidence rates.
“Authorities have enacted legislation to ensure sufficient alternative water supplies and eliminate groundwater extraction,” Nichols remarked. “And almost overnight, this led to stabilization.”
Additional solutions include managed flooding in agricultural areas to replenish soil sediments. “Sediment is often deemed a pollutant,” Nichols points out. However, when rivers overflow, they deposit valuable materials that built the delta, a process sometimes referred to as “brown gold.”
Urban areas can be fortified with effective engineering solutions such as sea walls, levees, and storm surge barriers. “Addressing subsidence complements efforts to adapt to sea level rise and reduces vulnerabilities,” Nichols added, as reported here.
Shifting Attitudes Towards Coastal Risk
The study’s authors emphasize that land subsidence has been dangerously overlooked in global climate risk strategies, largely viewed as a local rather than a global issue.
However, local does not equate to minor. Even under severe climate scenarios, land subsidence is expected to remain the primary driver of relative sea level rise in numerous delta regions for decades to come.
Financial and institutional barriers often hinder large-scale interventions in many areas, but deferring action only exacerbates the costs and challenges of future adaptations.
Once land subsides, initiating new urban developments is not feasible, leaving communities to face tough decisions about relocation.
As Nichols succinctly states, “The first crucial step is to acknowledge that a problem exists.”
Available rooms: Minimum stay of 2 weeks, featuring a private bathroom. Enjoy a complimentary pool. Package includes meals, Wi-Fi, and infectious viruses. Call now!
Would you be inclined to respond to such advertisements? What about those that guarantee severe diarrhea? How many stars would it take to make you consider adding STDs to your stay? Perhaps a substantial cash incentive might sway your decision?
Welcome to the peculiar realm of human challenge testing – arriving soon at a biosecure isolation facility nearby.
In response to the collective trauma of the coronavirus pandemic, researchers are increasingly enlisting healthy individuals to participate in trials that intentionally expose them to illness. Volunteers are now more willing than ever to contract diseases ranging from dysentery and cholera to gonorrhea.
As detailed on page 38, clinical trials offer a rapid and relatively affordable method for assessing vaccines and treatments while monitoring infection dynamics. Contrary to popular belief, the risks may not be as high as presumed. Trials, conducted under stringent medical oversight, will only proceed if effective therapies can quickly alleviate symptoms.
“
Deliberately infecting healthy volunteers carries risks, and the ethical implications are complex. “
However, it’s not without its hazards, and the ethical landscape remains murky. Unlike patients with existing conditions who may opt for experimental therapies that could potentially cure them, challenge trials seek to induce illness with little or no immediate medical benefit, even if for a brief duration.
Moreover, we cannot always prevent potential long-term consequences. For example, some ethicists have expressed concerns regarding the manner in which British scientists conducted COVID-19 challenge trials during the pandemic, underscoring the risks of chronic symptoms associated with COVID-19.
Nonetheless, the pandemic has also underscored the significant positive impact and value of vaccines. Current data indicates that human challenge testing is safe, particularly for young, healthy individuals. These studies could hasten the development of new defenses against persistent epidemics such as malaria, Zika, and norovirus. The pressing question may be: How can we expand these efforts?
Apple and WhatsApp have committed to continue alerting users if their devices are targeted by government hacking software, particularly in the United States, as two spyware companies aim to penetrate the Trump administration.
The two tech giants provided statements in response to questions from the Guardian, as two Israeli-founded cyber weapon manufacturers, now under U.S. ownership, aggressively seek access to the American market.
Paragon Solutions, known for its spyware called Graphite, has already reached an agreement with the Trump administration to provide U.S. immigration officials with one of the most advanced hacking tools globally as of September, following the unfreezing of a $2 million contract by the Department of Homeland Affairs with ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement).
Paragon did not reply to requests for comment.
NSO Group, another firm cited by the Biden administration in 2021 for conducting business “that goes against the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States,” revealed over the weekend that David Friedman, former U.S. ambassador to Israel during Donald Trump’s initial term, will become executive chairman of the parent company that owns NSO. The company has reportedly been recently acquired by new investors, including American film producer Robert Simmons.
Both Paragon and NSO Group develop spyware capable of infiltrating any phone without the knowledge of the user, enabling the spyware operator to read texts, eavesdrop on calls, track locations, and turn mobile devices into wiretapping tools or remote cameras.
While both companies defend their products as tools to combat serious crimes and thwart potential terrorist activities, their software is also weaponized by government clients to spy on individuals they wish to monitor covertly, including journalists, business leaders, and human rights advocates.
Apple and WhatsApp have consistently opposed the proliferation of spyware worldwide, notifying users via alerts when potential hacking attempts are detected in various countries, including Italy, Spain, and India.
In October, a U.S. court ruled in favor of WhatsApp after six years of legal battles, preventing NSO from targeting WhatsApp users in the future.
However, concerns arise due to the close connections between Apple, WhatsApp’s parent company Meta, and the Trump administration regarding whether they will persist in warning users amid such spyware threats in the United States.
“Threat notifications are intended to individually inform and assist users who may be victims of mercenary spyware, irrespective of geographic location,” Apple stated.
“WhatsApp aims to safeguard our users by disrupting hacking attempts from mercenary spyware, advancing protective measures, and notifying those whose devices are under threat, no matter where they are globally,” commented a WhatsApp representative.
Former FBI Director Christopher Wray testified that the FBI considered utilizing NSO’s Pegasus but ultimately declined to incorporate commercial spyware into its operations. Experts express concern over the legality surrounding the use of spyware in the United States, given existing laws that restrict targeted surveillance of Americans.
An aide to Democratic Senator Ron Wyden, a member of the Select Committee on Intelligence, mentioned that current immigration officials provided a preliminary briefing to his office, stating that “the policy is still under development,” but there has been no feedback since the government shutdown began in October.
When asked about the potential lifting of sanctions imposed on NSO by the Biden administration in 2021, Friedman mentioned during a phone call from Israel that he has yet to discuss the matter with President Trump, stating, “I hope that happens, but I have not made that request yet.” He added it is “too early to determine” when NSO may pursue the removal of these sanctions.
Regarding mercenary spyware, John Scott Railton, a senior research fellow at the University of Toronto’s Citizen Research Institute, warns that “no one is safe.” He is recognized as a leading authority on tracking and disrupting spyware usage against civil society members globally.
“American firms are unprepared to detect and defend against this type of menace domestically, similarly to healthcare institutions, legal professionals, politicians, and the general populace,” he noted. “The last thing America needs now is a silent spyware epidemic.”
Paragon initially signed a contract with ICE in 2024 under the Biden administration. The relatively small agreement went unnoticed by the White House until its official announcement, several insiders disclosed. Wired reported. The contract was subsequently suspended to ascertain whether it complied with a significant executive order issued earlier. Signed by the White House in May 2023, it prohibited the operational use of spyware that “poses a risk to national security or has been exploited by foreign entities for human rights violations globally.”
At that point, Paragon was free from surveillance controversies, unlike NSO Group, which faced scrutiny for its Pegasus spyware targeting a plethora of civil society organizations.
However, the situation shifted in January 2025 when WhatsApp disclosed that 90 individuals, including journalists and civil society members, had been targeted by Paragon’s Graphite.
Following this revelation, Paragon severed its ties with the Italian government, alleging that Italy violated its service terms by using spyware against civil society members.
Since then, media accounts have detailed how several Italian journalists, at least two executives from Italy’s largest bank, an Italian human rights advocate, and an Italian political strategist were targeted by hacking spyware in 2024.
The current government led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has admitted that the software was employed against certain activists by Italian agencies with legal authority, but has not accepted responsibility for other prominent targets.
“This is Italy’s Watergate,” remarked former Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi in an interview.
“This is a tool that only governments can wield. If the Italian government continues to deny its usage, the question for multiple Italian business leaders and journalists remains, who is responsible?” he said. “I may not be closely aligned with journalists, but freedom of the press is essential in a free democracy. Using this tool against journalists is intolerable.”
Some officials are worried that this Graphite may now be under the control of U.S. immigration authorities.
“ICE is already undermining due process by hastily detaining children and families who pose no threat, ruining lives,” Wyden stated to the Guardian. “I am extremely concerned about how ICE will utilize spyware, facial recognition, and other technologies to further infringe upon the rights of American citizens and those whom Donald Trump views as adversaries.”
A spokesperson for the Department of Homeland Security did not respond to a request for comment.
LThat evening, I was scrolling through dating apps when a profile caught my eye: “Henry VIII, 34 years old, King of England, non-monogamous.” Before I knew it, I found myself in a candlelit bar sharing a martini with the most notorious dater of the 16th century.
But the night wasn’t finished yet. Next, we took turns DJing alongside Princess Diana. “The crowd is primed for the drop!” she shouted over the music as she placed her headphones on. As I chilled in the cold waiting for Black Friday deals, Karl Marx philosophized about why 60% off is so irresistible.
In Sora 2, if you can imagine it—even if you think you shouldn’t—you can likely see it. Launched in October as an invite-only app in the US and Canada, OpenAI’s video app hit 1 million downloads within just five days, surpassing the initial success of ChatGPT.
AI-generated deepfake video features portraits of Henry VIII and Kobe Bryant
While Sora isn’t the only AI tool producing videos from text, its popularity stems from two major factors. First, it simplifies the process for users to star in their own deepfake videos. After entering a prompt, a 10-second clip is generated in minutes, which can be shared on Sora’s TikTok-style platform or exported elsewhere. Unlike low-quality, mass-produced “AI slop” that clouds the internet, these videos exhibit unexpectedly high production quality.
The second reason for Sora’s popularity is its ability to generate portraits of celebrities, athletes, and politicians—provided they are deceased. Living individuals must give consent for their likenesses to be used, but “historical figures” seem to be defined as famous people who are no longer alive.
This is how most users have utilized the app since its launch. The main feed appears to be a bizarre mix of absurdity featuring historical figures. From Adolf Hitler in a shampoo commercial to Queen Elizabeth II stumbling off a pub table while cursing, the content is surreal. Abraham Lincoln beams at the TV exclaiming, “You’re not my father.” The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. expresses his dream of having all drinks be complimentary before abruptly grabbing a cold drink and cursing.
However, not everyone is amused.
“It’s profoundly disrespectful to see my father’s image—who devoted his life to truth—used in such an insensitive manner,” Malcolm told the Washington Post. She was just two when her dad was assassinated. Now, Sora’s clips show the civil rights leader engaged in crude humor.
Zelda Williams, the daughter of actor Robin Williams, urged people to “stop” sending AI videos of her father through an Instagram post. “It’s silly and a waste of energy. Trust me, that’s not what he would have wanted,” she noted. Before his passing in 2014, he took legal steps to prevent his likeness from being used in advertising or digitally inserted into films until 2039. “Seeing my father’s legacy turned into something grotesque by TikTok artists is infuriating,” she added.
The video featuring the likeness of the late comedian George Carlin has been described by his daughter Kelly Carlin as “overwhelming and depressing” in a Blue Sky post.
Recent fatalities are also being represented. The app is filled with clips depicting Stephen Hawking enduring a “#powerslap” that knocks his wheelchair over, Kobe Bryant dunking over an elderly woman while yelling about something stuck inside him, and Amy Winehouse wandering the streets of Manhattan with mascara streaming down her face.
Those who have passed in the last two years (Ozzy Osbourne, Matthew Perry, Liam Payne) seem to be missing, indicating they may fall into a different category.
Each time these “puppetmasters” revive the dead, they risk reshaping the narrative of history, according to AI expert Henry Ajdar. “People are worried that a world filled with this type of content could distort how these individuals are remembered,” he explains.
Sora’s algorithm favors content that shocks. One of the trending videos features Dr. King making monkey noises during his iconic “I Have a Dream” speech. Another depicts Kobe Bryant reenacting the tragic helicopter crash that claimed both his and his daughter’s lives.
While actors and comedians sometimes portray characters after death, legal protections are stricter. Film studios bear the responsibility for their content. OpenAI does not assume the same liability for what appears on Sora. In certain states, consent from the estate administrator is required to feature an individual for commercial usage.
“We couldn’t resurrect Christopher Lee for a horror movie, so why can OpenAI resurrect him for countless short films?” questions James Grimmelman, an internet law expert at Cornell University and Cornell Tech.
OpenAI’s decision to place deceased personas into the public sphere raises distressing questions about the rights of the departed in the era of generative AI.
Legal Issues
It may feel unsettling to have the likeness of a prominent figure persistently haunting Sora, but is it legal? Perspectives vary.
Major legal questions regarding the internet remain unanswered. Are AI firms protected under Section 230 and thus not liable for third-party content on their platforms? If OpenAI qualifies for Section 230 immunity, users cannot sue the company for content they create on Sora.
“However, without federal legislation on this front, uncertainties will linger until the Supreme Court takes up the issue, which might stretch over the next two to four years,” notes Ashken Kazarian, a specialist in First Amendment and technology policy.
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman speaks at Snowflake Summit 2025 on June 2 in San Francisco, California. He is one of the living individuals who permitted Sora to utilize his likeness. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
In the interim, OpenAI must circumvent legal challenges by obtaining consent from living individuals. US defamation laws protect living people from defamatory statements that could damage their reputation. Many states have right-of-publicity laws that prevent using someone’s voice, persona, or likeness for “commercial” or “misleading” reasons without their approval.
Allowing the deceased to be represented this way is a way for the company to “test the waters,” Kazarian suggests.
Though the deceased lack defamation protections, posthumous publicity rights exist in states like New York, California, and Tennessee. Navigating these laws in the context of AI remains a “gray area,” as there is no established case law, according to Grimmelman.
For a legal claim to succeed, estates will need to prove OpenAI’s responsibility, potentially by arguing that the platform encourages the creation of content involving deceased individuals.
Grimmelmann points out that Sora’s homepage features videos that actively promote this style of content. If the app utilizes large datasets of historical material, plaintiffs could argue it predisposes users to recreate such figures.
Conversely, OpenAI might argue that Sora is primarily for entertainment. Each video is marked with a watermark to prevent it from being misleading or classified as commercial content.
Generative AI researcher Bo Bergstedt emphasizes that most users are merely experimenting, not looking to profit.
“People engage with it as a form of entertainment, finding ridiculous content to collect likes,” he states. Even if this may distress families, it might abide by advertising regulations.
However, if a Sora user creates well-received clips featuring historical figures, builds a following, and begins monetizing, they could face legal repercussions. Alexios Mantsalis, director of Cornell Tech’s Security, Trust, and Safety Initiative, warns that the “financial implications of AI” may include indirect profit from these platforms. Sola’s rising “AI influencers” could encounter lawsuits from estates if they gain financially from the deceased.
“Whack-a-Mole” Approach
In response to the growing criticism, OpenAI recently announced that representatives of “recently deceased” celebrities can request their likenesses be removed from Sora’s videos.
“While there’s a significant interest in free expression depicting historical figures, we believe public figures and their families should control how their likenesses are represented,” a spokesperson for OpenAI stated.
The parameters for “recent” have yet to be clarified, and OpenAI hasn’t provided details on how these requests will be managed. The Guardian received no immediate comment from the company.
The copyright-free-for-all strategy faced challenges after controversial content, such as “Nazi SpongeBob SquarePants,” circulated online and the Motion Picture Association of America accused OpenAI of copyright infringement. A week post-launch, the company transitioned to an opt-in model for rights holders.
Grimmelmann hopes for a similar adaptation in how depictions of the deceased are handled. “Expecting individuals to opt out may not be feasible; it’s a harsh expectation. If I think that way, so will others, including judges,” he remarks.
Bergstedt likens this to a “whack-a-mole” methodology for safeguards, likely to persist until federal courts establish AI liability standards.
According to Ajdel, the Sola debate hints at a broader question we will all confront: Who will control our likenesses in this age of composition?
“It’s a troubling scenario if people accept they can be used and exploited in AI-generated hyper-realistic content.”
eLeanor, 24, is a historian from Poland and a university lecturer in Warsaw. Isabel, 25, works as a detective for the NYPD. Brooke, 39, is an American homemaker who enjoys the vibrant Miami lifestyle, supported by her often-absent husband.
All three women engage in unfaithfulness and exchange nude photos and explicit videos via the growing number of adult dating sites that present an increasingly realistic array of AI companions for subscribers willing to pay a monthly fee.
At the TES Adult Industry Conference held in Prague last month, the attendees noted a surge in new platforms allowing users to form relationships with AI-generated girlfriends, who strip in exchange for tokens bought through bank transfers.
The creators of this new venture assert that it marks an advancement over webcam services, where real women remove clothing and converse with men, potentially leading to exploitation in certain sectors of the industry. They also contend that AI performers do not suffer illnesses, do not require breaks, are not exhausted at the end of their shifts, nor do they experience humiliation from client demands.
“Would you rather choose porn rife with abuse and human trafficking, or interact with AI?” asked Steve Jones, who operates an AI porn site. “We’ve heard about human trafficking where girls are forced to be on camera for 10 hours a day. There’s never an AI girl that’s trafficked. There’s never an AI girl forced or humiliated in a scene.”
“Would you rather choose porn rife with abuse and trafficking, or interact with AI?” says Steve Jones. Photo: Photo by Bjoern Steinz/Panos
Most websites feature a ready-made girlfriend option, typically depicting smiling, young, white women, but also grant subscribers the chance to craft their own ideal online companion. This option reveals developers’ perspectives on the ideal female archetype. One site offers options ranging from film stars and yoga instructors to florists and lawyers. Personality traits include “Obliging: Submissive, Eager to Please,” “Innocent: See a Cheerful, Naive World,” and “Career-oriented: Nurturing, Protective, Always Comforting.” Users can specify age and even request a teenage model, along with choices for hair, eye color, skin tone, and breast size.
The increasing appeal of AI girlfriends has generated concern among women’s rights activists, who argue that they reinforce harmful stereotypes. In her book, The New Age of Fascism, Laura Bates notes that AI companions are “programmed to be charming, gentle, and subservient, always telling you what you want to hear.”
Amid rising worries regarding AI-generated images of child sexual abuse, the Prague conference developers spoke about an integrated moderation system that prevents users from creating illegal content by flagging keywords and phrases like “children” and “sister.” However, many platforms permit users to dress their AI girlfriends in school uniforms.
Products showcased at the TES conference in Prague. Photo: Photo by Bjoern Steinz/Panos
A representative from Candy.ai, one of the new AI dating platforms exhibited at the conference, mentioned that their AI girlfriends offer diverse services. “If you seek an adult-oriented relationship similar to porn, that option exists. Or if you prefer deep discussions, that’s available too. It all depends on the user’s wants,” he explained. While the majority of users are heterosexual men, AI boyfriends are also on offer. Some pre-made AI girlfriends are designed to undress quickly. “Others may say: ‘No, I don’t know you.’ Thus, you need to cultivate your relationship with them for something like that.”
The growth of AI girlfriend platforms has been fueled by advancements in large-scale language models, enabling more lifelike interactions with chatbots and rapid innovations in AI image generation. Most sites continue to focus on text and images, yet brief AI-generated videos are increasingly common. Demand is particularly high among users aged 18-24, many of whom are gamers familiar with avatar customization.
Over the past year, new startups entering the sector have surged dramatically. “AI products are emerging like mushrooms, dynamic and ephemeral. They appear, fizzle out, and then are replaced by another wave,” commented Alina Mitt of Joi Ai, a site dedicated to “AI-Lationships.” “To survive in this market, you need to be bold and resilient. It’s like a fierce battle.”
The developers presented rapid advancements in the realism of AI-generated pornographic images and the transition to engaging AI video clips. Daniel Keating, the CEO of a company providing AI girlfriend experiences, showcased the distinctions between mediocre and high-quality AI companions. His platform offers users numerous AI-generated women in their lingerie, stressing that inferior quality AI tends to exhibit “overly polished plastic smoothness” on the skin, while high-quality AI girlfriends incorporate “natural skin textures, imperfections, moles, freckles, and slight asymmetries that appear much more authentic.”
UK regulator Ofcom highlights updates to the UK’s online safety laws at TES Prague. Photo: Photo by Bjoern Steinz/Panos
His company managed to license the images of established adult stars to produce AI replicas, generating continuous income streams. “It’s profitable and cost-effective. Creators love this because they are relieved from the need to dress up and shoot content,” he noted.
An advertising executive from Ashley Madison expressed interest in the rapid expansion of a site focused on AI relationships, which caters to individuals seeking discreet connections. “AI dating is brand new territory for us. How do you compete against those who can mold their own fantasies instead of pursuing real relationships with women?” she inquired, requesting anonymity. “Some people wish to create something appealing in their minds, thus avoiding genuine connections.”
“You don’t need to go out on dates, acquire girlfriends, or build romantic relationships. AI serves as a safe space for young people to hone their social skills,” explained Jones, adding that AI allows for unfettered behavior without repercussions. “People might say things to AI that they wouldn’t dare convey to real individuals. ‘Oh silly girl, what’s the matter?’ In fantasy role-playing games, participants often prefer experiences distinct from reality.”
the recent announcement of AI ‘actor’ Tilly Norwood, touted as the next Scarlett Johansson, has sparked a swift backlash in Hollywood. Here’s what Guardian readers are saying about the contentious emergence of AI actors.
“Of course they’ll do that.”
The focus is on economically produced entertainment rather than artistic merit. AI isn’t about creating great art; it’s about cutting costs by replacing human talent and accelerating production. Netflix has amassed 300 million subscribers, generating $400 billion in revenue against $17 billion in content expenses. The quickest way for Netflix to boost profits is to reduce content costs through automation. They already use AI for content decisions, catering to every viewer preference, from high art to low-budget dating shows. Netflix is committed to impactful storytelling, yet can’t risk losing high-value subscribers. It’s similar with the multitude of languages for shows like “Love Is Blind,” ensuring fans don’t abandon ship. If AI enables tech companies to outpace traditional studios by being faster and cheaper, of course, they’ll do it. STAK2000
“I don’t understand humor.”
Comedy is where AI really struggles. It doesn’t grasp humor, timing, or what makes something engaging. We’ve seen technically impressive yet entirely lifeless dialogue that left us unimpressed. We tuned in expecting surprises but found it utterly dull. Mattro
“I’m not saying it’s impossible, it’s just that we’re not there yet.”
99% of AI-generated films consist of individuals speaking directly to the camera. We’ve yet to see compelling interactions among multiple AI-generated characters. Dialogue is fragmented; it seems AI cannot create distinct characters that interact meaningfully. I’m not saying it’s impossible, it just hasn’t happened yet. cornish_hen
“It will come back to bite them.”
Hollywood executives may bet on Tilly Norwood to slash costs and enhance profits. However, if film enthusiasts start creating their own content using generative AI, it might backfire on the industry. I hope those investing in human talent will succeed, resisting this reckless AI trend. Data Day
“The genie is not going back in the bottle.”
It’s astonishing how quickly this technology has progressed.
Even if AI never stars in leading roles, it will undoubtedly have a presence in major productions. It serves as a tool like any other, fundamentally changing certain facets of media.
Individuals affected by this shift (and they will be) must remain calm and consider future career paths. The genie won’t be contained. I’m sure traditional trades reacted strongly to innovations by Gottlieb Daimler and Henry Ford; if AI-generated content proves beneficial and cost-effective, it’s here to stay. Abbathehorse
“My main concern is the lack of education.”
Those involved in advancing AI are pushing boundaries. It’s up to the rest of us, particularly regulators, to hold them accountable when they overstep. My chief worry is the widespread ignorance regarding AI’s potential benefits and threats. Many who aren’t directly impacted by AI don’t perceive the risk. Dasinternaut
Tilly Norwood. Illustration: YouTube
“I doubt I could support a character that is completely AI.”
I hope films featuring AI are clearly labeled. This allows us, the paying audience, to make informed decisions regarding productions. I’m not convinced I can endorse purely AI-generated characters (except perhaps in animated films). We form connections with human actors and invest emotionally in their performances. It might take generations to navigate this shift, but history shows that even vinyl, once thought dead, can become a highly sought-after commodity. Matt08
“It’s reminiscent of a Ballard short story.”
As I read this, I reflected on the multitude of individuals behind creating this “star.” Coders, scriptwriters, marketing teams— a network of humans furthering careers, but not necessarily existing narratives. However, it feels unsettling when the program is crafted to mimic humanity. It evokes themes from Ballard’s stories. glider
“It’s too late to be scared.”
The time for fear has passed.
Hollywood prioritizes profit over artistry.
Studios may justify hiring photographers, makeup artists, set designers, and caterers with the argument that AI can perform those roles while saving costs.
Films featuring real people—actors and many behind-the-scenes roles—may soon become as rare as ballet or opera.
However, fans of franchises like “Fast & Furious” or the Marvel Universe might not mind; they often seek visual stimulation that AI can deliver. gray
“Just a bunch of guys sitting around a computer.”
What unsettles me is the apparent committee behind creating this character, obsessively defining attractiveness. Is your skin not smooth enough? Let’s iterate again. Are the proportions not appealing? Revise it.
Not only does this seem disconcerting, but it also reinforces narrow standards of attractiveness. Successful actors often conform to idealized norms, but at least nature or fate had a role in that. It’s not just a few individuals coding at their computers. bearvsshark
“A meaningless concept.”
Nonetheless, this notion is essentially futile. Acting requires collaboration. An AI “actor” necessitates real substitutes and someone to voice lines. You can produce a completely AI-generated film (essentially a CGI effort) or a human-centric film with AI characters, but the label of “AI actor” remains devoid of meaning. pyeshot
“The public doesn’t attend or appreciate actual art.”
For those claiming “this is a live theater row,” it’s clear you need to step outside your bubble. The public shows little interest in genuine art; they desire polished, commercial products, be it a catchy pop song or a superhero flick. As long as these superficial desires are nurtured, AI-generated “art” will face no backlash. Authentic art, including work from skilled human artists, requires funding, and resources for it are dwindling, threatening its survival. Yes, there may be exceptional pieces, but I suspect they will become increasingly rare unless more people become educated and learn to appreciate art’s inherent values. LondonAmerican2014
“AI slops are what happens when an idea is executed straight away.”
One day, hopefully soon, people will realize that the friction between idea and execution is where 90% of creativity resides.
Great art springs from thorough preparation and exceptional performances, requiring time and sometimes multiple attempts.
This need for friction applies to all creative endeavors, not just art. Even mundane businesses thrive on this dynamic.
AI slops emerge when concepts are rushed to completion. While they may appear effective initially, the ideas often lack depth. Shakeydave
A chatbot platform featuring explicit scenarios involving preteen characters in illegal abuse images has raised significant concerns over the potential misuse of artificial intelligence.
A report from the Child Safety Monitoring Agency urged the UK government to establish safety guidelines for AI companies in light of an increase in technology-generated child sexual abuse materials (CSAM).
The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported that they were alerted by chatbot sites offering various scenarios, including “child prostitutes in hotels,” “wife engaging in sexual acts with children while on vacation,” and “children and teachers together after school.”
In certain instances, the IWF noted that clicking the chatbot icon led to full-screen representations of child sexual abuse images, serving as a background for subsequent interactions between the bot and the user.
The IWF discovered 17 images created by AI that appeared realistic enough to be classified as child sex abuse material under the Child Protection Act.
Users of unnamed sites for security reasons also had the capability to generate additional images resembling the illegal content already accessible.
Operating from the UK and possessing global authority to monitor child sexual exploitation, the IWF stated that future AI regulations should incorporate child protection guidelines from the outset.
The government has revealed plans for AI legislation that is anticipated to concentrate on the future advancement of cutting-edge models, prohibiting the ownership and distribution of models that produce child sexual abuse in crime and police bills.
“We welcome the UK government’s initiative to combat AI-generated images and videos of child sexual abuse, along with the tools to create them. While new criminal offenses related to these issues will not be implemented immediately, it is critical to expedite this process,”
stated Chris Sherwood, Chief Executive Officer of NSPCC, as the charity emphasized the need for guidelines.
User-generated chatbots fall under the UK’s online safety regulations, which allow for substantial fines for non-compliance. The IWF indicated that the sexual abuse chatbot was created by users and site developers.
Ofcom, the UK regulator responsible for enforcing the law, remarked, “Combating child sexual exploitation and abuse remains a top priority, and online service providers failing to implement necessary safeguards should be prepared for enforcement actions.”
The IWF reported a staggering 400% rise in AI-generated abuse material reports in the first half of this year compared to the same timeframe last year, attributing this surge to advancements in technology.
While the chatbot content is accessible from the UK, it is hosted on a U.S. server and has been reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), the U.S. equivalent of the IWF. NCMEC stated that the report on the Cyber Tipline has been forwarded to law enforcement. The IWF mentioned that the site appears to be operated by a company based in China.
The IWF noted that some chatbot scenarios included an 8-year-old girl trapped in an adult’s basement and a preteen homeless girl being invited to a stranger’s home. In these scenarios, the chatbot presented itself as the girl while the user portrayed an adult.
IWF analysts reported accessing explicit chatbots through links in social media ads that directed users to sections containing illegal material. Other areas of the site offered legal chatbots and non-sexual scenarios.
According to the IWF, one chatbot that displayed CSAM images revealed in an interaction that it was designed to mimic preteen behavior. In contrast, other chatbots not showing CSAM indicated that they were neither dressed nor suppressed when inquiries were made by analysts.
The site recorded tens of thousands of visits, including 60,000 in July alone.
A spokesperson for the UK government stated, “UK law is explicit: creating, owning, or distributing images of child sexual abuse, including AI-generated content, is illegal… We recognize thatmore needs to be done. The government will utilize all available resources to confront this appalling crime.”
tFanfiction once involved sharing secret sketches in the hidden nooks of the internet. There, Darcy was envisioned as the roommate of a peculiar vampire. It was an underground pastime that went unnoticed by Tinseltown executives. Yet, here we are in 2025, according to Hollywood Reporter News. The iconic photo fetched at least $3 million (a staggering £2.2 million).
The backstory of Alchemy, Senlinyu appears somewhat nebulous. The original narrative by Senlinyu, titled Manacled, resided in a niche genre known as “Dramione,” where Hermione Granger often found herself entangled in an improbable romance with Draco Malfoy. Now devoid of any references to Hogwarts, Butterbeer, or Nimbus from the 2000s, and with characters renamed, Alchemy will hit shelves and online platforms later this month as a dark fantasy saga about a young woman grappling with memory loss, who finds herself at the mercy of a formidable and ruthless necromancer.
In a similar vein, The Love Hypothesis is making its way to cinemas. Lili Reinhart portrays a doctoral candidate who becomes involved with Professor Tom Bateman. If you think the pairing of Hermione and Draco is unusual, this one draws inspiration from a Star Wars fanfic subgenre known as Reiro, focusing on the taboo romance between Rey and Kylo Ren.
This isn’t the first occasion Hollywood has sought inspiration from fanfiction for its next blockbuster. While studios previously turned to pulp novels, classic theater, or acclaimed short stories from The New Yorker to fill theaters, producers are now increasingly looking towards Tumblr and our own archives, including AO3. In 2019, Sony Pictures Television secured a first-look deal with Wattpad, an online platform that has become a breeding ground for aspiring authors, generating scripted series and films based on the site’s most popular narratives. Wattpad started as a sassy take on One Direction but remarkably led to five films (direct-to-streaming) between 2019 and 2023, and also birthed the After series along the way.
And then, of course, there are the infamous 50 Shades. Originally a Twilight fanfic, it evolved into a trilogy of films that grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, even though it was panned by critics. Its success demonstrated to studios that original research isn’t always essential. The saga begins with Edward and Bella’s intriguing narrative and could still be a billion-dollar franchise.
What drives Hollywood’s attraction to these projects? Logically, it relates to the brand recognition garnered through proxies. When given the option, Harry Potter enthusiasts are likely to want to see their beloved Hermione and Draco engaged in magical escapades. Meanwhile, readers of AO3’s “original” works, often numbering in the millions, feel a shared sense of ownership over this odd transition from fanfiction to the big screen—something studios greatly value.
Fanfiction is a source of existing enthusiasm that works to corporate advantage. Such immense online followings provide proof of concept, eliminating the need for focus groups or test screenings. They come equipped with a ready-made, highly enthusiastic community. In an industry where original scripts are often treated as financial risks, this data suggests that these films aren’t mere gambles; they are seen as incubators for franchises.
World Liberty Financial, a cryptocurrency initiative by the Trump family, launched its digital token on Monday, which reportedly added around $5 billion in paper wealth to the family’s fortune. The token, named $WLFI, experienced a drop in value on its opening day.
The global Liberty Token was introduced to investors following the Trump family’s partnership with business associates to create a decentralized finance platform last year, which issued Stablecoin intended to stabilize its price by pegging it to a specific asset.
Investors in the token will have the opportunity to vote in July to permit trading, which may enhance the value of the president’s assets.
According to World Liberty, early backers can liquidate up to 20% of their holdings. The token debuted trading above $0.30 on Monday, but its price subsequently declined to $0.20. Data from CoinMarketCap indicates that nearly $1 billion worth of tokens were exchanged within the first hour of trading.
This brings the token’s market capitalization to below $7 billion, classifying it as the 31st largest cryptocurrency in circulation, as per analytics from Coingecko.
Major global cryptocurrency exchanges such as Binance, OKX, and Bybit are listing $WLFI tokens on their platforms.
Since the inception of World Liberty last year, the Trump family is reported to have earned approximately $500 million from the venture, according to calculations by Reuters, which are based on contract terms, transactional data from crypto analysis firms, and publicly available records.
Holding around 25% of the global Liberty tokens has reportedly contributed about $5 billion to the Trump family’s wealth, as noted by the Wall Street Journal. World Liberty states that Trump himself possesses an unspecified amount, referred to on the company’s site as “co-founder honor,” but, like other team members, including his son, he is prohibited from selling them. Trump utilized the Oval Office to advocate for U.S. regulations favorable to the industry.
On the initial sale, the tokens were non-tradable. Instead, they granted holders voting rights for various business modifications, including adjustments to the underlying code. Early investors highlight that the primary allure of $WLFI lies in its association with Trump, fostering expectations that its value will appreciate through his endorsement.
Making the tokens tradable allows investors to set prices, speculate effectively, accrue trading fees for exchanges that list them, and draw the interest of a broader spectrum of cryptocurrency investors compared to when they were solely personally accessible.
World Liberty and other Trump-backed cryptocurrency endeavors exemplify a significant conflict of interest as the president revises regulatory frameworks governing digital currency, which has drawn criticism from Democrats and ethics experts regarding Trump’s involvement in cryptocurrency enterprises.
The White House has consistently asserted that Trump’s assets are managed through a trust, claiming there is no conflict of interest.
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The government has earmarked £200 million for its agricultural innovation program until 2030, with the Ministry of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) promising “targeted funding to foster agricultural innovation.”
“The push for innovation and growth in agri-tech is advantageous for the nation,” remarks Agriculture Minister Daniel Zechner. “Not only can we create jobs and enhance economic resilience, but we can also fortify food security and increase farmers’ and growers’ benefits through innovation.”
However, this announcement comes just days after the government cut the UK’s agricultural budget by £100 million annually. This reduction translates to a 2.7% decrease in DEFRA’s daily budget, a move that has been cautiously received by the NFU and agricultural organizations.
Back in Hampshire, the Watercress Company remains skeptical about benefiting from the funds allocated to its agricultural innovation program.
“Much of this funding is driven by high innovation levels but often fails to reach the farm gates or enhance production and productivity,” remarks Amery.
“It involves a significant investment in technology that hasn’t yet proven to yield results.”
The crop is harvested by the Watercress Company in Dorset. Photo: Finnbarr Webster/Getty
To date, growers have been bearing nearly all costs associated with innovation. They successfully obtained £20,000 in funding from the government’s shared prosperity fund through local councils, which accounts for about a quarter of their drone investment.
Nonetheless, Amery noted that the business rarely accesses funding avenues like R&D tax credits, available only to companies subject to corporate tax. Partnerships like the Watercress Company and many other agricultural entities don’t pay corporate tax and thus aren’t eligible.
This challenge hasn’t deterred growers from pursuing the latest advancements to enhance their crops. “Innovation typically stems from a desire to tackle challenges,” states Amery. “We generally experience a major innovation every five to ten years. This one is transformative.”
Is this the future in a world where the oceans are rising?
Deep R&D Ltd
The Bajau are indigenous marine people of Southeast Asia, often referred to as sea nomads. For millennia, they have thrived along coastlines, relying on foraging underwater without the aid of diving gear, holding their breath for astonishing durations. Yet, the early 21st century introduced multiple crises that jeopardized their way of life—industrial overfishing, pollution, coral bleaching diminished food sources, and rising sea levels consumed coastal dwellings.
In 2035, a Bajau community near Saba, North Borneo, initiated fundraising for a contemporary floating and underwater settlement. They collaborated with deep, a manufacturer of submarine habitats, to create interconnected rafts and underwater homes, developing business models that could be emulated by other maritime communities facing similar threats from rising seas. Revenue streams included extreme adventure tourism, scientific research facilities, and longevity clinics.
The first habitat comprised a network of platforms and rafts, with tunnels leading to underwater levels. While residents occupied surface structures, they increasingly utilized submerged areas for storage, sustenance, and sleep. This habitat was constructed using a 3D printing technique known as Wire arc additive manufacturing, which allowed the most effective pressure distribution in areas experiencing strain.
The deeper sections were maintained at both ambient water pressure and the corresponding atmospheric pressure from the surface. In modules situated less than 20 meters deep, occupants, referred to as Aquanauts, inhaled a unique gas mixture to prevent nitrogen narcosis. Those exiting deep modules required decompression when returning to normal atmospheric conditions. An advantage of these surrounding modules was the incorporation of a moon door, enabling Aquanauts to swim directly into the deep sea for leisure, research, and farming activities.
Undersea hotels catering to extreme tourism have surged in popularity. In the Galapagos, tourists reside in submerged hydroelectric hotels, exploring hot springs and observing some of the planet’s rarest life forms. Simultaneously, scientists harness these modules to investigate deep-sea ecosystems. Undersea mapping technologies have evolved, enabling researchers to explore vast ocean territories that were previously unreachable, fostering understanding and interactions with whales and other deep-sea creatures, leading to significant advancements in marine biology.
Aquanauts can swim directly into the deep sea for recreational, research, and agricultural activities
The Bajau have long been adapted to marine environments. With thousands of years at sea, they possess enlarged spleens that provide a higher quantity of oxygen-retaining red blood cells compared to typical humans. Some Bajau divers can spend five hours underwater, diving freely to depths of 70 meters without oxygen tanks, holding their breath for up to 15 minutes. After transitioning to seabed habitats, many Bajau began to leave behind surface living, opting instead to spend more time submerged, even resorting to gene editing to enhance their aquatic capabilities, including intentional eardrum puncturing to facilitate deeper dives, and utilizing surfactants in their lungs to aid their decompression, akin to adaptations found in diving marine mammals.
Bajau’s Diver
Marco Rayman/Alamie
Numerous communities have established depth clinical treatments. Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to intermittent daily sessions of pressurized oxygen therapy can alleviate various medical conditions and age-related diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, for instance, has proven beneficial, leading individuals who underwent consistent high-pressure sessions to possess longer telomeres and enhanced clearance of senescent cells, both of which are linked to increased longevity. The deep habitat has attracted affluent seniors looking to extend their lives, simultaneously providing a lucrative income source.
The majority of marine communities have become self-sufficient, cultivating their own food through aquaculture of fish, mollusks, and seaweed, while also growing other crops on the surface. Energy sources include a combination of solar, wind, wave, and geothermal energy, tailored to local conditions. Some communities focus on tourism, whereas others specialize in carbon capture within medical facilities. A significant amount of seaweed is harvested, sunk into the ocean depths, and sold as carbon credits.
Living beneath the waves isn’t for everyone. Nonetheless, these habitats empower those most vulnerable to climate change, giving them the tools to redefine their livelihoods and lifestyles, even in the face of rising sea levels that threaten their homes.
Rowan Hooper is the podcast editor for New Scientist and author of *How to Spend $1 Trillion: These are 10 Global Issues That Can Be Actually Fixed*. Follow him on Bluesky @rowhoop.bsky.social
Currently, only two species of sloths exist, but in the past, numerous species roamed the Earth, including one with a nose resembling a bottle and another akin to the ancestors of modern armadillos. Most of these extinct sloths were too massive to inhabit trees. The largest of them all – a member of the genus Megatherium – reached the size of an Asian bull elephant, weighing around 3.63 tons (8,000 pounds).
The ancient sloths inhabited a variety of environments – trees, mountains, deserts, northern forests, and open savannas – leading to wide differences in size among sloth species. Image credit: Diego Barletta.
“They resembled Grizzly Bears but were five times larger,” noted Dr. Rachel Nalducci, collection manager for vertebrate paleontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History.
In a recent study, Dr. Nalducci and her team examined ancient DNA and compared over 400 fossils from 17 museums to explore how and why extinct sloths achieved such sizes.
The size difference ranges significantly between the massive Megatherium and the more modestly sized Shasta Sloth, which thrived on cacti in the arid regions of North America.
Conversely, the sloths adapted for tree climbing were uniformly small, averaging around 6 kg (14 lbs), with ground-dwelling sloths like them averaging about 79 kg (174 lbs).
Ground sloths had a strong affinity for caves, where their size played a crucial role in finding and creating shelters.
The moderately sized Shasta Sloths ventured into the depths of geological lungs formed by wind and water, creating magnificent canyons.
The larger sloths were not limited to pre-existing caves; using their sizeable claws, the largest known mammalian claws (whether extinct or extant), they could carve out their shelters from bare earth and rock. Evidence of their nests can still be found today, with claw marks adorning the cave walls.
Other factors influencing size variations likely include climate, interspecies interactions, and metabolic rates.
To accurately analyze these factors, a substantial amount of diverse data was required.
The authors integrated fossil shape data with DNA from both living organisms and extinct species to construct sloth lineages dating back over 35 million years.
With this foundation established, they incorporated findings from decades of research about the habitats sloths occupied, their diets, and their behavioral patterns.
Paleontologists maintain a keen interest in the evolution of size, collecting extensive data from numerous museum fossils for their analyses.
Sloth size differences are significantly shaped by the habitats they inhabited, which were also influenced by climate change.
“This research, employing evolutionary models across various scenarios and accounting for all these factors, is a considerable undertaking unlike anything previously attempted,” remarked Dr. Nalducci.
The sloth lineage witnessed dramatic life-altering changes as Earth’s climate evolved.
The earliest recognized sloth, Pseudoglyptodon, inhabited Argentina around 37 million years ago.
Analysis from the research team suggests that early sloths were likely small, ground-dwelling creatures, about the size of a Great Dane.
Throughout evolution, sloths occasionally adopted semiarboreal lifestyles.
However, not all sloths remained tree dwellers; the largest species, including Megatherium and Mylodon, likely evolved from tree-adapted ancestors but ultimately thrived on the ground.
Amidst this mixture of arboreal and terrestrial creatures, sloth size remained relatively stable for about 20 million years, regardless of their activity preferences until a significant geological event occurred.
A great rift opened between present-day Washington and Idaho, extending through parts of Oregon and Nevada, releasing magma.
This process left a staggering 600,000 cubic miles of volcanic material in the Pacific Northwest, still observable today along the Columbia River, where flowing water has sculpted basalt into distinct columns.
These formations exhibit a unique hexagonal shape, resulting from the magma’s cooling and cracking processes.
The volcanic activity that formed these structures occurred over a slow burn spanning approximately 750,000 years, aligning with a period of global warming known as the mid-Miocene climate optimum.
Greenhouse gases released by these volcanic eruptions are presently thought to be a primary factor in that period of warming.
As a response, sloths began shrinking in size, possibly due to warmer temperatures leading to increased rainfall, which expanded forest habitats, offering more room for smaller species.
Size reduction is a common adaptive strategy among animals coping with heat stress, as recorded in various fossil records.
After volcanic activity ceased, the world remained warm for nearly a million years before returning to a longstanding cooling trend that persists today. Sloths also adapted, growing bulkier as temperatures decreased.
Arboreal and semiarboreal sloths were inherently limited by their need for tree proximity, but ground-dwelling sloths roamed freely in diverse terrains.
They trekked up the Andean mountains, traversed open savannas, migrated through deciduous forests in North America, and built homes in Canada and Alaska’s boreal forests.
There were even sloths adapted to marine environments. Thalassocnus thrived on dry land between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean, sourcing food from the ocean to survive in such harsh conditions.
“They developed adaptations analogous to those of the Manatee,” Dr. Nalducci explained.
“Their dense ribs aided buoyancy, and elongated noses facilitated foraging for sea grass.”
These varied environments posed unique challenges that ground sloths creatively navigated.
“Such adaptations would have conserved energy and water, enabling more efficient movement through resource-limited habitats,” Dr. Nalducci remarked.
“In open grasslands, protection is crucial, and increased size offers some degree of safety.”
“Some ground sloths also had sparse bone structures embedded in their skin, akin to pebbles.”
Moreover, larger body sizes played a vital role in helping sloths endure the cooling climate.
They reached their peak size during the Pleistocene Ice Age, just before their eventual disappearance.
“Around 15,000 years ago is when notable population declines began,” Dr. Nalducci observed.
While debates continue regarding the reasons for sloth extinction, it coincided with human arrival in North America around the same time, leading to significant declines in sloth populations.
Ironically, the very size that provided protection from typical predators and insulated them from cold climates also contributed to their downfall.
Fast but well-defended, ground sloths proved difficult prey for early humans.
Tree-dwelling sloths observed the devastation unfold below from the safety of their heights, yet they too faced losses.
Two Caribbean sloth species managed to survive until about 4,500 years ago, after their terrestrial relatives had vanished elsewhere.
Humans reached the Caribbean around the same time the Egyptians were constructing pyramids, resulting in the quick extinction of Caribbean sloths.
“Paleoclimate changes cannot solely account for the rapid extinction of ground sloths beginning around 15,000 years ago,” the researchers asserted.
“Their sudden disappearance indicates human-driven factors were likely at play in the decline and extinction of sloths on Earth.”
Study published in the May 22nd, 2025 edition of the journal Science.
____
Alberto Boscani et al. 2025. The appearance and end of giant sloths. Science 388 (6749): 864-868; doi: 10.1126/science.adu0704
This article is based on a press release from the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Following the rejection of numerous authors by the Trump administration for the upcoming national climate assessment, two scientific organizations have embarked on initiatives to publish special collections of climate change research.
Earlier this week, researchers were informed that their contributions would no longer be needed for the national climate assessment.
The future of this assessment is uncertain, and some authors have voiced concerns that its integrity is compromised, lacking scientific rigor or the ability to adequately convey the risks associated with climate change.
Robert Kopp, a professor of Earth and Planetary Science at Rutgers University and one of the authors affected by the recent decisions regarding the National Climate Assessment, commented:
In response to the administration’s actions, the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the American Meteorological Society (AMS) announced on Friday their plans to curate a special collection focused on climate research, as stated in press releases from both organizations.
As per the news release, this collection will span over 20 peer-reviewed journals and aims to “sustain momentum” in the work relevant to the National Climate Assessment, in light of the author and staff rejections.
AGU President Brandon Jones noted in a statement that this special collection is not meant to serve as an “alternative” to the national climate assessment but represents “a unique opportunity to publish new research and reviews that could support climate assessments focused on the U.S.”
The White House has not commented on the rationale behind the rejection of National Climate Assessment authors or the administration’s plans moving forward.
The 1990 Global Change Research Act mandates the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) to submit reports to the President and Congress every four years, with national climate assessments previously satisfying this obligation. These reports summarize the best available science on climate change physics, its effects on the U.S., and societal adaptations. They also include localized climate forecasts for various regions to inform the public about community risks.
The latest assessment, published in 2023, comprised around 2,200 pages across 37 chapters. It highlighted that the lower 48 states have experienced an average warming of 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1970, alongside increasingly severe weather events and costly disasters.
“If you’re a state official, business leader, or a member of the public looking to understand the impacts of climate change on the economy, coastal areas, or human health,” Kopp stated:
The National Climate Assessment is a culmination of the efforts of hundreds of researchers volunteering their time, although it is organized by USGCRP staff. In April, the White House ceased funding for this organization.
“I have no insight into the plan; I don’t think anyone does,” Kopp remarked. “They have let go of all the authors and staff of the Global Change Research Program, leaving some government positions currently unfilled.”
The USGCRP website currently states, “We are reviewing the operation and structure of USGCRP.”
Kopp mentioned that the authors of the National Climate Assessment had dedicated about a year to summarizing the chapters intended for their 2027 report and evaluating relevant themes. This summary has already been submitted for review to the federal agency, and the authors are now considering how best to proceed with it.
“We cannot replicate the NCA unless there is an organization prepared to take charge and staff up,” Kopp concluded.
Google may face a breakup after losing two antitrust laws, but for now, it can take solace in its substantial earnings.
Alphabet, Google’s parent company, reported first-quarter revenue of $900.23 billion, a 12% increase from the previous year. Net income also saw a significant jump to $34.544 billion. Earnings per share stood at $2.81.
While the revenue aligned with analyst expectations, the bottom line was particularly strong. Analysts had anticipated revenue of $8.915 billion and earnings per share of $2.02.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai attributed the impressive results to the overall growth and momentum of the business.
Following the positive financial report, Google announced a 5% dividend increase and authorized $70 billion in share buybacks. Stock prices, which had been moderately increasing before the earnings release, saw further gains in after-hours trading.
Despite initial setbacks earlier in the year, including a drop in stock prices due to economic disruptions caused by tariff policies, Google’s outlook is improving. Challenges such as changes in AI-driven search and ongoing antitrust battles pose risks, but the company remains resilient.
Recent legal rulings have raised concerns over Google’s market dominance, leading to discussions on potential breakup scenarios. While Google vows to fight antitrust charges, some experts argue that a breakup could be beneficial, citing historical precedents with IBM and Microsoft.
Historical cases like IBM’s antitrust battle and Microsoft’s legal challenges offer insights into the potential outcomes for Google. As Google’s growth slows down, analysts speculate on the company’s future trajectory amid evolving market dynamics.
Research firm Emarketer predicts a deceleration in Google’s ad revenue growth, highlighting shifts in the digital advertising landscape. Senior analysts underscore the importance of adaptability in the face of changing market conditions.
Baite Dance, a Chinese internet giant, has developed some of the world’s most popular apps: Tiktok and in China, Douyin and Toutiao.
Tiktok claims 170 million users in the US, while around 700 million people use the domestic version of Douyin and 300 million use Toutiao in China. Bytedance gathers data on user interactions to improve user experience and content recommendation.
Bytedance is investing in artificial intelligence infrastructure, including data centers in China and Southeast Asia, to enhance its AI systems. Tiktok has faced bans in multiple countries over national security concerns.
Bytedance’s data usage has raised concerns, leading to Washington lawmakers pressuring Tiktok to sell its US business. In China, Bytedance’s data capabilities have expanded beyond social media into advanced AI technology.
Bytedance is investing heavily in infrastructure, spending billions on data centers and equipment. Chinese tech companies are encouraged to focus on cutting-edge technologies, including semiconductors and artificial intelligence.
Last year, Bytedance invested around $11 billion in infrastructure such as data centers, networking equipment, and computer chips.
The Biden administration’s rules aim to restrict Chinese companies’ access to certain chips. Bytedance has found ways to acquire computing power needed for AI training, despite these restrictions.
Bytedance’s investments have made it a popular AI app in China, with services like the chatbot Doubao attracting millions of users. Bytedance demonstrates the connection between app ecosystems and AI efforts.
Bytedance launched Volcano Engine in 2021, offering addictive technologies and tools for analyzing algorithms to other companies.
Bytedance’s expertise in creating filters for apps like Douyin and Tiktok has led to collaborations with companies for developing technology like movement tracking for smart appliances.
GAC Group and Mercedes-Benz are among the companies using Bytedance’s Volcano Engine for data management and in-vehicle technology.
Bytedance, a leader in AI technology, is focused on achieving artificial general intelligence, similar to human intelligence.
Many Chinese companies are investing in AI projects, but only a few have the resources to advance the technology. Bytedance is among those leading the way in AI innovation.
bBy y estimate, Minecraft is incredibly successful. As of December last year, the bestselling video games so far had 204 million active players each month. Since its first release in 2011, its revenue has exceeded $3 billion (£2.3 billion). Moreover, the player was always keen to demonstrate fandom outside the boundaries of the game itself. In 2021, YouTube calculated that videos related to the game (tutorials, walkthroughs, homages, parodys) were collectively displayed 1tn times. In short, it’s a phenomenon.
This is the strength of the emotions, almost everything is positive, and it was only a matter of time before someone tried to turn it into a movie. After all, you have a historically popular product and a very enthusiastic fanbase: what probably doesn’t work? After all, quite a lot. Last September, First trailer For the film, the title “Minecraft Movie” was released, and the response was instantly violent. “Minecraft fans ravaged by a ‘bad’ live action trailer” Read one heading the next day. Some were called It is “crime against humanity”; others “Soulless neon hatred.” Within 24 hours, the website GamingBible said “Curse of my eyes” and “Pure nightmare fuel”. Within three days of release, the trailer was voted down over 1m.
If you’re familiar with Minecraft, you probably understand why. Minecraft is a game with a very unique look. Everything is made of square blocks and comes with a muted palette. However, the trailer is incredibly flashy. Everything appears to be made of halibo, and even worse, the block has slightly rounded edges. What’s even worse is that there are humans among them. A high-pitched, sarcasm-looking person. Jason Momoa is in an overtly blonde wig and a hot pink leather jacket. In other words, it looks like a film made by people who don’t understand Minecraft.
“This is Jumanji, but it has Minnecraft skin,” the first response from an Argentine YouTuber. elvitt0ri0 Looking at the teaser. “Minecraft offers endless numbers of story possibilities. Still, they decided to go with the storyline “We go to another universe and learn about it.”
The response for Elvitt0ri0 was to create Movies about Minecraft (not present)a version of what a movie should look like. This trailer was created with the open source animation software blender used to create the flow that achieved the best animation features at this year’s Oscars. This is a fully animated trailer that retains the look of the original game and features characters that players can recognize. Below the video is a comment. “This is everything the Minecraft movie should have done, the game elements, the history, the community… it’s so perfect.”
And elvitt0ri0 is not alone. Since the official teaser went live, dozens, perhaps hundreds, and even hundreds of fan-made Minecraft trailers have been born online. Vicki Fernandez performs dark animation of the channel, I created one titled It’s a trailer for Minecraft Movie, but it’s actually good. Her video is explicitly modified, not reconsidering. Shot for Shot Remake, everything is animated in Minecraft style, where everything is more readily recognizable. And that’s a good thing. The comments below the video are now full of what it extracts.
For certain types of fans, the appearance of Minecraft is gospel. Photo: Mojang
“I think the film should have been animated, not live action,” Fernandez said in an email. “It looks very strange when you mix a character that looks like a CGI cube with a real human. The CGI characters look oddly realistic and creepy while maintaining the proportions of the cube. Overall, the film doesn’t have a compelling art style.”
What Elvitt0ri0 and Fernandes have in common is that they are first and foremost Minecraft fans. Fernandez began playing games in 2014 at the age of eight, and four years later he began making fan videos. Elvitt0ri0 began playing at the age of 11 and was swept straight away by surrounding YouTube content. “One thing fans have proven over and over is that Minecraft can act as an incredible platform for telling the story,” says Elvitt0ri0. “You can see not only animations, but the entire series and movies created within the game.”
Both YouTubers lament that this sense of history and gratitude appears to have been lost in the official film. But that’s probably what you’d expect. Because Warner Bros have been trying to remove Minecraft movies from the ground for over a decade. In 2014, when the studio first released the film, they hired Sean Levy to direct it. However, it fell, so Rob McElhenney intervened to take his place. When he left shortly afterwards, Peter Sollet, best known for his 2008 Nick & Nora’s Infinite Playlist, took his place. It was only in 2022 that Napoleon Dynamite’s Jared Hess stepped in to direct the script from masterminds Chris Bowman and Havel Palmer, and the film found all of its films.
In fact, Hess cut out his work for him. Minecraft is a game without a traditional story. A sandbox game in which players enter procedurally generated scenery and do whatever they want. If they want to extract raw materials from the surroundings and craft tools, they can. If they want to start a fight against hostile creatures, they can. If they want to spend four days using the game to make huge chicken (as my 10-year-old did this week), it’s up to them.
“corpo-vomited products”? Minecraft film. Photo: Burner Warner Bros Pictures/AP
The movie nods to this with the title – it’s a Not Minecraft Movie Because Minecraft movies are reductive to be so definitive. Still, Hess appears to be heading down an easy path, stuffing the bones of a Jumanji-style offering with sticky skin. Worse, Hess has a distinctive visual style (he is essentially a sarcastic haircut Wes Anderson). This does not mesh intuitively with the appearance of Minecraft.
And for certain types of fans, its appearance is not just the gospel, but in part it is the fans’ lead. For example, youtube costumes named with elements animation, lush animation, and absurdity Minecraft Spoofs It was such a success that they were hired by game developer Mojang to create official Minecraft videos. Minecraft was ultimately a feedback loop between the game and the people who played it, and the film had to reflect that.
But the story is that Hess basically stumbled around making a film. When another project he was working on for the legend fell, they asked him to pitch to Minecraft – and perhaps this lack of familiarity was shown. After all, Phil Lord and Chris Miller got in the way to reassure people that they had performed with Lego before making the rigo loyal 2014 The Lego film. When Aaron Holvas and Michael Jerenick were announced as directors of the 2023 Super Mario Bros film, they said Super Mario Bros was their main source of entertainment as a child.
This is the level of familiarity that fans have come to expect, and there is a habit of things being wrong every time the director tries to force himself on his beloved property. The first live-action Mario film collapsed when Bowser (a giant muscular turtle) was replaced by Dennis Hopper with a sparkling blazer. Paramount was forced to spend $5 million redesigned by Sonic the Hedgehog after appearing in the film trailer, all the little eyes and human teeth, and the scary audience. However, Minecraft is still a relatively new game. People like Fernandes and Elvitt0ri0 have played the game long enough to really understand it, but only in their early 20s. One day they will make a completely loyal Minecraft film that will satisfy their fans, but that hasn’t been for years.
But again, this is a Not Minecraft Movie Minecraft Movie. Warner Bros. may have done enough to prevent this from fully floping. There is a wall-to-wall promotion both in-game and in the real world, and there is also a second trailer that appears to be a bit faithful to the source material. However, hardcore followers may feel that it’s time for fans to be in charge of providing the big screen of the future. Element Animation Minecraft Film is exactly what my kids want to see, but perhaps the reins will be handed over to someone else with an innate understanding of the game. As Elvitt0ri0 says, films based on beloved things like Minecraft should be “the part of the actual love of fans by fans, not just by the Corpora Paw Paw products by large corporations.”
Oliver Fiegel, a 47-year-old Munich-based photographer, was reading a newspaper on Germany’s National Sunday when he saw a strange look on the top page image. The images showed the boy chasing soccer on the pitch. However, some of the wild flowers on the grass floated without stems. Half of the goal net was missing. The boy’s hands were shaped.
Photographer Oliver Fiegel, 47, said he would no longer be able to make a living from his trading alone in the industry in 18 years. Photo: Oliver Fiegel/Guardian Community
Over the past few years, many of Fiegel’s photography clients have been newspapers and magazines. However, the job has recently dried up. The image he felt showed one reason for “generic illustrations,” the provided caption said.
Fiegel was irritated. The use of artificial intelligence rather than human creatively represented the crafts that he spent years training and was tainted and erased by the emergence of cheaper and faster generative AI tools.
“AI has had the most devastating impact on the industry.” observer How is the rise of generative AI tools changing their working lives, for better or worse, amidst the economic changes of earthquakes? “It’s happening very quickly.”
Fiegel, a photographer for almost 18 years, said he was no longer able to make a living and was forced to fundamentally diversify his income streams. Now he is considering opening a natural wine bar instead.
In advanced economies such as the UK, Germany and the US, about 60% of jobs are exposed to AI, according to AI, a survey conducted by the International Monetary Fund last year, with about half of them potentially negatively affected. In the UK alone, AI can drive down private sector jobs up to 3M, according to the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, but some unemployment could be offset by a new role in economic change.
“I still only know a few photographers who can live out of this deal,” Fiegel said. “It’s not easy. I’ve identified it as being creative for the rest of my life.”
Longtime translator Karl Kerner said the AI tools had a negative impact on him. Photo: Karl Kerner/Guardian Community
Since 1994, Karl Kerner has focused on non-fiction scientific texts as a translator among English, German and Norwegians. This type of translation requires expert knowledge and careful terminology, he said.
“I’m basically out of business now,” Kerner said. “This AI has become like a tsunami.” In the past few years of AI-driven translation and editing tools, the number of “[work] Requests have just diminished,” he added.
His loss of identity had a major impact, said Kerner, who is born in New York and now lives in Tonsburg, Norway. “All night, everything about this linguistic culture is worthless. It does something for you, because you were professional. [It’s like] Someone takes the rug from under you.”
Kerner, 64, began working for an agricultural consultant. “It’s not a good age to join the job market. It wasn’t easy,” he said.
But technology is also helping him with some translation work he still gets. Instead of translating words by word, he can send the text to automated translation software, and use his knowledge to eliminate inaccuracies and mistranslations, significantly reducing working hours. “I’m not a Techno Forbe, I think it’s attractive,” he said.
Other workers have more positive experiences as they integrate AI into their daily work.
Alexander Calvey, a self-employed Locum GP in Surrey, said he used AI Scribe to write down his notes, saving him time and improving quality. The results mean he can “focus more on the patient than on the notes.”
Calvey, who also works for a private GP provider, added that he managed to increase The number of patients he sees is sometimes 4-5 per hour. In the future, as technology improves, Calvey feels that AI will have more use to guide questions and treatments.
ChatGpt Chatbot has become the sounding album of Paul, a 44-year-old university researcher on mathematics and philosophy based in Stockholm. He said the tool would help summarize the literature and brainstorm research questions.
“It knows a lot, I know other things that I don’t want to be challenging,” he said, allowing me to study those topics more deeply.
However, Paul’s use ChatGpt is not just his professional job. He also uses it for personal tasks, such as providing analysis if he experiences strange dreams.
A mother’s pencil portrait by freelance illustrator Jenny Turner. Illustrations: Jenny Turner/Jeturnarath/Guardian Community
Despite this feature, he is concerned about the amount of information that companies that control generative AI tools learn about their users. He said he is “very worried” about the “power of a small number of companies’ high-tech giants.”
Meanwhile, British Prime Minister Kiel Starmer said he hopes that AI will be “mainlined to the vein” of the nation to promote productivity and economic growth. But this month, the TUC is calling for urgent government action to protect workers in the creative industry amidst the risk of disruption and unemployment.
For Jenny Turner, a 33-year-old freelance illustrator in the northeastern England, the decline in fee demand was “very sudden” and coincided with the spread of AI imaging tools. Turner previously sold his work on Etsy. For example, she charges about £100 for a portrait drawn by a colored pencil. However, in the last few years she has begun to see AI-generated images beneath her work in the “You Like too” section.
“I can’t compete any more…it’s on sale at a price I could never drop,” she said. “It really hit me hard and made me feel empty like you were wasting everything. It just gets upset and makes you mad.”
Turner said after drawing from a young age and studying at university, she was now forced to abolish her illustrations on Etsy and consider other jobs. “If that’s what happens in everything,” she said, “How many people aren’t going to do their job?”
WhatsApp recently won a legal battle against NSO Group, an Israeli cyberwareponds manufacturer. Despite this victory, a new threat has emerged from another company, Paragon Solutions, which is also based in Israel, including the United States.
In January, WhatsApp revealed that 90 users, including journalists and civil society members, were targeted by SPYware created by Paragon Solutions last year. This raises concerns about how Paragon’s government clients utilize hacking tools.
Among the targeted individuals were Italian journalist Francesco Cancerato, immigrant support NGO founder Luca Casarini, and Libyan activist Husam El Gomati. University of Toronto researchers, who work closely with WhatsApp, plan to release a technical report on the breach.
Paragon, like NSO Group, provides spyware to government agencies. The spyware, known as Graphite, allows for hacking without the user’s knowledge, granting access to photos and encrypted messages. Paragon claims its use aligns with US policies for national security missions.
Paragon stated a zero-tolerance policy for violations and terminated contracts with Italy after breaching terms. David Kay, a former special rapporteur, described the marketing of such surveillance products as an abuse and a threat to the rule of law.
The issue has relevance in the US, where the Biden administration blacklisted NSO in 2021 due to reports of abuse. A contract between ICE and Paragon was suspended after concerns were raised about spyware use.
Paragon assures compliance with US laws and regulations, following the Biden executive order. The company, now US-owned, has a subsidiary in Virginia. Concerns remain about potential misuse against political opponents.
Experts from Citizen Lab and Amnestytech are vigilant in detecting illegal surveillance in democracies worldwide.
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Many years ago, during the progress of Civilization II, I began my career as a writer for the video game magazine Edge. As an enthusiast of the original Civilization game, I was eager to review its sequel and impressed the editor enough with my comprehensive analysis of the complex turn-based strategy game that I nearly lost my job due to my addiction to playing it non-stop for two weeks instead of writing my assigned articles. This led to a stern warning about my performance and ultimately ended my tenure as a game writer. Consequently, I did not review the next four installments of the series. Now, Civilization VII is making a comeback, and I find myself facing this captivating nemesis once again.
This game has always been a favorite among me and many other fans, offering a compelling simulation of building an empire from ancient tribes to modern superpowers. As a player, you have the opportunity to establish cities, gather resources, research new technologies, send out settlers, merchants, and armies, and expand your influence through peaceful relations or conquest. Victory can be achieved through military prowess, cultural dominance, or economic power, depending on your chosen playstyle. Each campaign offers a unique experience, making it a game that has withstood the test of time.
Extra nuances … civilization VII. Photo: 2K game
In this latest installment, Firaxis has made some significant changes, deviating from guiding a single civilization through the entire campaign. Instead, players now choose different leaders with unique attributes and guide them through three distinct historical ages, each time selecting a new country to control. Each country brings its own units and buildings, adding depth to the gameplay. The game structure encourages continuity and strategic decision-making, enhancing the overall experience.
Current policies of governments around the world are likely to result in global warming of between 1.9 and 3.7°C by 2100, with potentially more to come in the 22nd century.
“Each year, 2,100 people continue to emit more CO2 as global temperatures rise,” said Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist at Stripe, a California-based software company that invests in carbon removal technologies. states.
His conclusions are based on a review of more than a dozen studies published over the past five years, looking at the implications of current policies over the past five years. According to these studies, the world is most likely to warm between 2.3 and 3°C by 2100.
However, these numbers do not fully take into account the uncertainties about future emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of human actions and how the climate system will respond to those emissions. Including these uncertainties gives a wider range of 1.9–3.7 °C.
These numbers reflect the most likely range of scenarios from the 5th to 95th percentile. This means that even with current policies, there is a small chance of a maximum warming of 4.4°C this century.
The good news is that all recent studies agree that very high emissions scenarios are currently unlikely. For these, warming of 4°C or more before 2100 is the most likely outcome.
That's because the worst-case scenarios considered by climate scientists were never all that plausible to begin with, Hausfather says, but it also reflects real progress in limiting emissions growth. and coal is currently expensive.
If climate policies strengthen and technological advances continue to exceed expectations, future emissions could be even lower than assumed in these studies, but this is not guaranteed and The rise of energy-hungry technologies like intelligence could do the opposite.
“It's definitely possible to imagine a world where AI accelerates rapidly and near-term emissions increase beyond what we think will happen today,” Hausfather says.
But he doesn’t think AI-related emissions will make much of a difference in the long term. “It’s certainly not in line with rapid emissions reductions, but it’s hard to see that in itself putting us on track for a significantly different end-of-the-century outcome,” Hausfather says. .
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