Observing a Group of Young Giant Stars in the Lobster Nebula

Astronomers utilizing the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope captured stunning new images of the Star Cluster Pismis 24, located in the heart of the nearby Lobster Nebula.



This web image showcases Pismith 24, with young stars clustering around the 5,500 light-year-old star in the Psycholpius constellation. Image credits: NASA/ESA/CSA/STSCI/A. PAGAN, STSCI.

Pismis 24 is located roughly 5,500 light years away from the Scorpius constellation.

This cluster, part of the Lobster Nebula, is the largest known star cluster to date.

“As a vibrant stellar nursery and one of the closest locales for the birth of a massive star, Pismith 24 provides unusual insights into the characteristics of large-scale stars,” Webb astronomers noted in a statement.

“This region serves as an excellent venue for exploring the traits of hot, young stars and their evolutionary paths.”

“It’s remarkable to be at the center of this dazzling cluster Pismith 24-1.”

“Within a mass of stars towering above the jagged orange peak, the tallest spire points directly at it.”

“Initially appearing as a massive single star, Pismis 24-1 was once considered the largest known star.”

“In reality, it comprises at least two stars, which cannot be resolved in a Webb image.”

“With respective masses of 74 and 66 solar masses, the two known stars rank among the largest and brightest ever observed.”

This latest image from Webb’s Nircam (near-infrared camera) reveals thousands of gem-like stars of varying sizes and colors.

“The largest and most astonishing, with six diffraction spikes, is the biggest star in the cluster,” an astronomer commented.

“The numerous small members of the cluster appear as white, yellow, or red, differing by star type and surrounding dust levels.”

Webb also highlights tens of thousands of stars positioned behind clusters that belong to the Milky Way galaxy.

A very hot infant star—almost eight times the temperature of the Sun—creates powerful winds and radiation, shaping a cavity in the walls of the star-forming nebulae.

The nebula far exceeds what Nilkham can observe.

Only a few of these are visible at the bottom right and top right of the image.

“Streams of hot ionized gas from the nebula ridge and a faint veil of star-lit gas and dust surround the towering peak,” the researchers explained.

“A dramatic spire protrudes from the glowing gas walls, resisting the relentless radiation and winds.”

“These spires resemble fingers pointing towards the hot young stars that carved them.”

“The intense forces that shape and compress these spires will likely lead to the formation of new stars within them.”

“The tallest spire measures approximately 5.4 light years from its tip to the bottom of the image.”

“Over 200 solar systems in Neptune’s orbit could fit within its tip, which is 0.14 light-years wide.”

“In this image, cyan represents hydrogen gas that has been heated or ionized by a large young star.”

“Dust molecules akin to Earth’s smoke are depicted in orange. Red signifies cold, dense molecular hydrogen; the darker the red, the thicker the gas. Black indicates dense gas that does not emit light.

Source: www.sci.news

Guide to observing the peak of the Northern Taurid meteor shower in November

The annual Taurid meteor shower is back and it’s a two-part shooting star spectacle. The first half, Southern Taurus, already occurred in September. But if you missed it, the northern Taurid meteor shower is here!

This event is known for its bright and impressive fireball meteors that light up the sky. Learn how to accurately observe the Taurid meteor shower and discover more about its origins.

When will the Taurid meteor shower occur in 2024?

The Northern Taurid meteor shower will peak on the night of November 11, 2024 in the UK, US, and other countries. This is the time to see the most fireball shooting stars.

In 2024, Taurus in the North will be active from October 20th to December 10th. The closer you are to the peak, the more shooting stars you will witness.

Where should I look to see a fireball?

You can see Taurid meteors streaking across the sky, so lie down and look up. The shooting stars originate from the constellation Taurus, visible in winter near Orion.

To locate Taurus, look towards Orion’s belt and find Aldebaran. Use astronomy apps for guidance and view from a location with minimal light pollution for the best experience.



How many meteors can you see?

Most years, the Taurid meteor shower is weak, with only a few meteors visible per night. However, there can be more under perfect conditions, with up to five meteors per hour. These meteors often produce dramatic fireballs.

The Taurid meteor shower is a gamble – each night can bring a few small meteors or a display of fireballs.

What causes the Taurid meteor shower?

The Taurid meteor shower originates from Comet Encke, with the northern variation likely from an Encke offshoot known as 2004 TG10. Earth passes through the remains of asteroid 2004 TG10, creating the spectacle we see in the sky.

Comet Encke is believed to be a fragment of a larger comet that broke up thousands of years ago.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Observing bees protect their nest by using their wings to ward off ants

Japanese honeybees flap their wings to knock down ants that try to invade their nest.

Ants often invade honeybee hives to steal honey, prey on eggs, and kill worker bees. In defense, honeybees are known to fan their wings to blow ants away. Researchers have documented bees making contact with ants using their wings to physically knock them out of the hive, a behavior that has not been studied before.

High-speed camera footage shows guard wasps near the entrance of the hive leaning towards approaching ants, then flapping their wings to change direction and escape. If they hit the ant, it’s blown away.

Many beekeepers seem unaware of this strategy, as noted by Yoshiko Sakamoto. “I have never noticed this behavior in my nearly 10 years of beekeeping experience,” she says.

Researchers Yugo Seko and Kiyoto Morii from the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Tsukuba introduced three species of native ants to the entrances of two Japanese honeybee hives (Honeybees colonies) and captured footage of hundreds of insect duels.

In most interactions, the bees hit the ants with their wings. However, this defense method is not always successful. Against some ants such as Pristomyrmex punctatus and Japanese street ants (Tsushima), the ants were blown away in about half to one third of attempts. This method was less effective against Japanese forest ants (Formica japonica), a larger and faster species.

Ants present varying levels of threat to bees, with some species being more aggressive than others. Bees may have evolved to use the wing-flailing defense tactic to avoid contact with more dangerous ants, while being more efficient against other species, according to the researchers.

The team plans to further study the bees’ responses to ant attacks and observe how the interaction between bees and ants evolves over time. They also aim to investigate whether the bees’ wing-beating skills improve as they gain experience. “There are still many mysteries surrounding this defensive behavior,” Morii says.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Observing a humanoid robot driving a car at a very slow pace

Humanoid robots that can drive cars may one day be used as chauffeurs, but their creators acknowledge that this could be at least 50 years away.

Most driverless cars work completely differently than a human driver, using artificial intelligence and custom mechanical systems to directly control the steering wheel and pedals. This approach is much more efficient and simpler than using a humanoid robot to drive, but it needs to be customized for each specific car.

Kento Kawarazuka Professor Takeru Sato of the University of Tokyo and his team have developed a humanoid robot called “Musashi” that can drive a car just like a human. Musashi has a human-like “skeleton” and “muscles,” and is equipped with cameras in both eyes and force sensors in its limbs. An artificial intelligence system determines the movements required to drive the car and responds to events such as changes in the color of traffic lights and people cutting in front of the car.

Currently, robots can only perform a limited range of driving tasks, such as going straight or turning right, at speeds of around 5km per hour on non-public roads. “The pedal speed and car speed are not high, and the car handling is also not as fast as a human,” Kawarazuka said.

Musashi is a humanoid robot that operates cars just like a human would.

Kento Kawarazuka et al. 2024

But Kawarazuka hopes that as the system is improved it could be used in any car, which could be useful when humanoid robots are routinely produced. “I’m not looking 10 or 20 years out, I’m looking 50 or 100 years out,” he says.

“This research could be of interest to people developing humanoid robots, but it doesn’t tell us much about autonomous driving.” Jack Stilgoe “Self-driving cars cannot and should not drive like humans. Because the technology doesn’t need to rely on limbs and eyes, it can rely on digital maps and dedicated infrastructure to find safer, more convenient ways to navigate the world,” say researchers at University College London.

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Source: www.newscientist.com