Tag Archives: beginners

Mastering Quantum Computing: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding the Basics

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IBM's Quantum System Two showcased in Ehningen, Germany on October 1, 2024, featuring advanced quantum chips at IBM's inaugural quantum data center.

IBM’s Quantum System Two Unveiled at a Data Center in Germany

Quantum computing has been making headlines lately. You might have noticed quantum chips and their intriguing cooling systems dominating your news feed. From politicians to business leaders, the term “quantum” is everywhere. If you find yourself perplexed, consider setting a New Year’s resolution to grasp the fundamentals of quantum computing this year.

This goal may seem daunting, but the timing is perfect. The quantum computing sector has achieved significant breakthroughs lately, making it a hotbed of innovation and investment, with the market expected to exceed $1 billion, likely doubling in the coming years. Yet, high interest often leads to disproportionate hype.

There remain numerous questions about when quantum computers might outpace classical ones. While mathematicians and theorists ponder these queries, the practical route may be to improve quantum computers through experimentation. However, consensus on the best methodologies for building these systems is still elusive.

Compounding the complexity, quantum mechanics itself is notoriously challenging to comprehend. Physicists debate interpretations of bizarre phenomena like superposition and entanglement, which are pivotal for quantum computing’s potential.

Feeling overwhelmed? You’re not alone. But don’t be discouraged; these challenges can be overcome with curiosity.

As a former high school teacher, I often encountered curious students who would linger after class, eager to discuss intricate aspects of quantum computing. Many were novice learners in math or physics, yet they posed thought-provoking questions. One summer, a group who took an online quantum programming course approached me, surpassing my own coding knowledge in quantum applications. The following year, we delved into advanced topics typically reserved for college-level classes.

Recently, I discovered a young talent in quantum inquiry. A 9-year-old YouTuber, Kai, co-hosts a podcast named Quantum Kid, where he interviews leading quantum computing experts for over 88,000 subscribers to enjoy.

Kai’s co-host, Katya Moskvich, is not only his mother but also a physicist with extensive experience in science writing. She works at Quantum Machines, a firm developing classical devices that enhance the functionality of quantum computers. Kai brings an infectious enthusiasm to the podcast, engaging with pivotal figures who have influenced modern quantum theory.

In a recent episode, renowned quantum algorithm creator Peter Scholl discussed the intersection of quantum computing, sustainability, and climate action. Nobel laureate Stephen Chu and distinguished computer scientist Scott Aaronson also joined, exploring concepts like time travel and its theoretical connections to quantum mechanics. Additionally, physicist John Preskill collaborated with roboticist Ken Goldberg to examine the interplay of quantum computing and robotics.

Kai and Co-Host (Mother) Katya Moskvich

While The Quantum Kid may not delve deep into rigorous math, it offers a fun entry point and insight from leading experts in quantum technology. Most episodes introduce fundamental concepts like superposition and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which you can explore further in reputable publications such as New Scientist.

The true strength of The Quantum Kid lies in Kai’s ability to ask the very questions that an inquisitive mind might have regarding quantum computers—those which seek to unpack the complex yet fascinating nature of this technology. If you’ve been curious about quantum computing but have felt overwhelmed, Kai encourages you to remain inquisitive and seek clarity. (We’re here to guide you on your quantum journey.)

Could quantum computers revolutionize space exploration or even facilitate time travel? Might they help develop advanced robotics or combat climate issues? The answers are not straightforward, laden with nuances. Kai’s engaging dialogues make complex theories accessible, ensuring clarity resonates with both young listeners and adults. Hearing Peter Scholl reiterate that current quantum systems lack the clout to change the world doesn’t dampen Kai’s enthusiasm but rather fuels it.

In the pilot episode, physicist Lennart Renner expresses optimism, stating, “We’re evolving alongside new machines that can potentially revolutionize tasks, hence we must deliberate on their applications,” setting a forward-thinking tone that reverberates throughout the series.

Adopting a blend of Kai’s wonder and imagination, coupled with the seasoned expertise of guests, will enhance any quantum learning project you embark on this year. Quantum computing, while intricate and multifaceted, remains incredibly compelling. If your child is captivated, why not explore it together?

Topics:

  • Quantum Computing/
  • Quantum Physics

Source: www.newscientist.com

Investment Apps for Beginners: Which One Offers the Best Features?

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RAchel Reeves and her fellow government officials are eager to promote stock market investments among more Britons. She recently stated, “When you invested in stocks and stock markets, you could achieve better returns and had a substantial amount in your cash savings account.”

The encouraging news is that the emergence of DIY tools and mobile applications has made investing simpler than ever. However, the extensive range of options can make it challenging to determine where to begin.

For novice investors lacking the time or confidence to manage their portfolios, a “robo-advisor” is a wise choice. These may seem like concepts from sci-fi films, but they are essentially online platforms that utilize technology to automate processes. Most are app-based and typically provide pre-designed investment portfolios customized to individual preferences.

Generally, you complete a brief questionnaire to identify your objectives and determine the level of investment time and risk you’re comfortable with.

In most cases, the longer your investment horizon, the more risk you can afford to take. However, it’s crucial to assess your personal approach to risk. Historically, stocks have generated more significant returns than savings accounts, but they also carry the potential for losses and fluctuations.

A pre-assembled portfolio usually invests in a range of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). These low-cost funds track the performance of specific indices, such as the UK or US stock markets, government bonds (like UK gilt or US Treasury bills), or commodities such as gold.

The app consolidates these fund selections to formulate a balanced portfolio that distributes funds across diverse assets.

So, which app (if any) is the right fit for you? We’ve explored some of the most popular options and compared their offerings.




Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) track selected indices, such as the UK and US stock markets or government bonds. Photo: Hannah McKay/Reuters

Nutmeg

Who? Nutmeg, one of the pioneers in the robo-advisor market, launched in 2012 and was acquired by investment firm JPMorgan Chase in 2021. The UK platform boasts over 200,000 users and has seen more than £4.5 billion invested through the app.

Minimum investment: ISAs and pensions start at £500, while lifetime ISAs and junior ISAs require £100.

Investment Choice: Nutmeg offers various service tiers that influence costs. With fully managed options, investors can select from 1 to 10 risk levels, and the team actively monitors and adjusts the portfolio. The fixed allocation option features five risk levels, with the portfolio determined by the investment team annually.

Fee: For the fully managed option, Nutmeg charges a total fee of 0.98%. If investing £3,000, the annual fee would be about £29.40. The fee for fixed allocations is 0.65%, roughly £19.60 in the same scenario.

We like: Nutmeg’s transparency regarding performance allows users to see how a fully managed portfolio has performed over the past decade. For instance, a 6/10 risk portfolio yielded 43.4% over ten years, significantly exceeding the average return of 36.7% with similar funds. The 5/10 risk portfolio grew by 31.9% during the same timeframe, against a comparison of 36.7% with its peers.

Any other? Those seeking additional assistance can access complimentary guidance for general inquiries or receive full financial advice starting from £900.

MoneyBox




MoneyBox reportedly has over 1.5 million customers. Photo: Mundishima/Arami

Who? Founded in 2016, MoneyBox focuses on savings and investment, boasting over 1.5 million users and overseeing assets exceeding £10 billion.

Minimum investment: You can initiate an account with just £1.

Investment Choice: MoneyBox provides three primary options: cautious, balanced, and adventurous. The cautious option minimizes risk with a portfolio comprising only 15% company stock, 40% bonds, and 40% cash, whereas the adventurous option allocates 80% to stocks, 15% to cash, and 5% to bonds.

Fee: A single monthly subscription fee encompasses transaction costs. Subsequently, in addition to a platform fee of 0.45%, there’s an actual investment cost of 0.17% for core funds. Thus, anyone investing £3,000 in a balanced fund will incur approximately 0.85% in total costs, around £25.60 annually.

We like: The Roundup function. By linking your bank account or credit card to the app, you can round up your spending to the nearest pound, automatically investing the difference. For instance, if you spend £1.87, 13p will be rounded up to £2 and invested. This is a convenient method to enhance your contributions.

Any other? Confident investors may opt to select their own ETFs to invest in rather than choosing a pre-made portfolio. Alternatively, those interested in picking specific companies have limited options, as only US stocks are currently available.

Doddle

Who? DODL, a newcomer that debuted in 2022, is operated by wealth management powerhouse AJ Bell, established in 1995. DODL simplifies the process with lower minimum investment amounts than its parent firm, although it offers limited investment choices.

Minimum investment: Direct debits can start from £100 or £25 per month.

Fee: The annual fee includes 0.15% for management, £1 monthly, and 0.31% for core investments, totaling around £19.30 yearly for those investing £3,000.

Investment Choice: DODL offers a selection of off-the-shelf funds categorized by risk, from cautious to global growth. You can also pick individual stocks, browsing by region (UK or US) and sector (financial, health, technology, etc.).

We like: The variety of themed investment options. This enables access to relevant ETFs based on emerging trends. For example, the “Above the World” theme invests in the HSBC FTSE All-World index, comprising multiple large companies globally, with a fee of 0.13%. Other themes include the “home team” for UK-centric investments and the “robo revolution” for funds focused on robotics companies.

Any other? Enjoy competitive interest rates of 4.25% (variable) on uninvested cash.




DODL’s “Robo Revolution” fund invests in robotics companies. Photo: costfoto/nurphoto/rex/shutterstock

Wealthify

Who? Established in 2014 and currently owned by insurance leader Aviva, Wealthify serves around 100,000 users with a strong emphasis on simplicity and avoiding jargon.

Minimum investment: Currently, ISAs start at £1, and pensions require £50, but from June 25th, junior ISAs will also start at £1 while stocks and shares ISAs and pensions will begin at £500.

Investment Choice: Wealthify has five risk levels: cautious, tentative, confident, ambitious, and adventurous. The cautious portfolio contains 85% government debt assets and just 5% company stock. In contrast, the adventurous options comprise 74% stocks and 14% government bonds, including investments in real estate and infrastructure.

Fee: A platform fee of 0.6% covers portfolio management costs. The investment cost can be 0.16% for typical portfolios and 0.7% for ethical options. This results in an annual fee of £22.80 for a £3,000 investment in a standard portfolio or £39 for ethical options. There’s no minimum fee.

We like: The Outlook page provides a concise overview of investment regions and assets, offering a convenient way for investors to gain insights without extensive research.

Any other? Wealthify showcases numerous customer service awards on its site—a reminder to consider factors beyond fees and investment variety. Always conduct your own research and review independent evaluations before choosing a provider.

MoneyFarm

Who? Originating in Italy, MoneyFarm expanded to the UK market in 2016. It currently supports around 160,000 active users and manages over £5 billion in assets, backed by major investment firms including M&G and Allianz.

Minimum investment: £500.

Investment Choice: Managed funds feature seven risk levels, regularly revised by their investment teams. For example, the 6/7 risk option includes 72% developed market company assets and 10% from emerging markets, while the 2/7 risk option primarily invests in bonds.

Fee: Those investing £3,000 in a proactively managed option incur a 0.3% fee in addition to a 0.75% management fee, totaling approximately £31.56 a year. For fixed allocation options adjusted annually, the management fee ranges from 0.17% to 0.45%, resulting in a total of around 0.62% or about £18.60 annually.

We like: The platform provides a clear breakdown of each portfolio, detailing investments by asset type, region, and sector, along with concise explanations.

Any other? Similar to many of these apps, MoneyFarm allows you to apply environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria to your investments, which can lead to tailored options excluding industries like heavy polluters and companies with poor human rights records. However, opting for this may increase costs.




Some ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) track the prices of products, such as gold. Photo: LeonhardFöger/Reuters

You need to know

  • Before opting for a robo-advice app or service, ensure that the firm is regulated by the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).

  • Make sure the provider is a member of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSC), which safeguards up to £85,000 in funds should the provider collapse.

  • Most platforms have various account types available, but ISA stocks and shares typically offer the best returns. You can contribute up to £20,000 per year into an ISA, allowing all interest and growth to be exempt from HMRC, keeping all your earnings intact.

  • Regarding fees, expect a percentage of your investment to be charged. For instance, investing £1,000 with a 1% fee would incur a £10 annual charge. However, be sure to verify the exact fees, as minimum charges may apply.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Sage Bambino and Coffee Machine Review: The Ultimate Beginner’s Espresso Machine

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the Sage Bambino Plus is a £350 espresso machine that not only brews espresso but also automatically froths milk with the touch of a button. I won’t spoil the surprise, but this might just be the best espresso machine for beginners currently available. Even if you’re looking to upgrade from a simpler model, such as the fantastic De’Longhi Stilosa, this is an excellent option.


Its straightforward design and true ease of use are key to its appeal, and it’s one of the things I love about using it, despite having much pricier machines at home. However, this isn’t a fully automated machine that guides you through every step; you’ll need to get the hang of dialing in the right grind size and dosage for the perfect shot. Fortunately, the included tools and helpful manuals ensure that even novices can quickly find their footing.

Once you’ve brewed a few espressos and honed your skills, the Bambino Plus will gladly take over the steaming process. Just fill the included stainless steel jug with a bit of milk, place it in the drip tray, and immerse the steam wand. Press one of the small buttons on the machine and wait. The gentle rumble transforms into a steady rhythm, and in about a minute, you’ll have a jug of cold milk turned into hot, silky foam. Pour this into your espresso, and voilà—you’re a barista now. I’d like a cappuccino, please. Just don’t forget the sprinkle!

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What You Need to Know


“Almost everything you need comes in the box.” Photo: Sasha Muller

The sleek appearance of the Bambino Plus gives it the impression of a more luxurious machine, yet its compact size fits perfectly on your countertop, making it easy to slot between a microwave and a mixer. While its price may not be considered inexpensive, it remains relatively affordable compared to high-end machines with hefty price tags.

Almost everything you need is included. The package contains tools for a stainless steel milk jug, a lightweight tamper, and a bag of coffee grounds. It also features a small pin on the tamper to clear any blockage in the steam wand from dried milk residue. Light metal portafilters come with a selection of baskets for both single and double shots.

The reason I say mostly everything is essential is that you still need a coffee grinder. If you’re okay with a hand grinder or a Baratza Encore ESP (£159.94), I’d suggest something like the Kingrinder K6 (£99). A set of scales for measuring your coffee beans will also prove invaluable; I recommend getting one that measures to at least 0.1g.


Selecting a filter basket is especially helpful for beginners. Pressurized baskets for single and double shots are perfect if you’re making espresso with pre-ground coffee from the store. The dual-wall construction enhances brewing pressure for a rich crema. However, if you have access to fresh, high-quality coffee and grinders, consider using a non-pressurized basket. That’s what I’d recommend.

Specifications

Type: Manual espresso machine with automatic milk frothing
Dimensions: 19 x 36 x 30 cm (WDH)
Water Tank: Removable 1.9L
Replaceable Water Filter: Yes
Included Accessories: 54mm portafilter (3 ears), tamper, dosing razor, water filter, 480ml milk jug, pressurized baskets (single and double), non-pressurized baskets (single and double), cleaning tool, backflush disc
Heating Time: 6 seconds
Milk Steaming Time: 56 seconds
Grinders Included: No
Noise Level: 46db (brewing), 59db (steaming)
Weight: 5.9kg
Warranty: 2 years of repair, replacement, or refund at Sage’s discretion

What We Love


Simple buttons make the Sage Bambino Plus user-friendly. Photo: Sasha Muller

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The Bambino Plus is straightforward to operate. The front panel features an intuitive layout with large buttons for both single and double shots, plus a button for milk frothing and two small buttons to adjust the milk temperature and froth level. Each setting has three preset options. It doesn’t hurt that the user manual is informative and easy to reference.

At the back, the sturdy 1.9-liter removable water tank fits securely and has a satisfying click when in place. The package includes one Claroswiss water filter that fits at the bottom of the tank and lasts up to three months. Replacement filters are available for £14.95.

Contrary to traditional boilers, the water is heated using a thermoblock that takes just 3 seconds to reach temperature. When you power on the machine, the button will flash for a few seconds, then light up continuously once it’s ready to brew. Unlike most machines in the sub-£500 range, it is equipped with a PID temperature controller which ensures stable heat. There’s even low-pressure pre-infusion, a feature generally found only in more expensive machines that allows for even extraction.

Perfecting your espresso shot will still require some trial and error. While the Bambino Plus is a manual espresso machine, Sage’s user manual and YouTube video playlist can help newcomers avoid a frustrating experience. Even without precise scales, the Razor Tool helps prevent over-tamping in the portafilter, resulting in a smooth espresso texture—it might take a little patience, but the rewards are often worth it.

Those rewards are undeniably delightful. I have experimented with various medium-roasted beans from local roasters, Crafthouse Coffee, and the Bambino Plus handled them all well. The only drawback is that the preset brewing temperature may not be optimal for lighter roasts, making it challenging to get a balanced shot. If light roasts are your preference, consider investing in a more expensive model with adjustable brewing temperatures.

If you’re wondering if you should save some money and opt for the standard Sage Bambino, I would advise against it. The Bambino lacks automatic milk frothing and doesn’t feature a positive pressure relief valve. This is crucial; in instances where the machine clogs and the espresso grinds become overly fine, the Plus can release excess pressure into the drip tray. Doing the same on the standard Bambino would require removing the portafilter, causing a sudden burst of coffee grounds and water to eject messily.

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Things We Don’t Love


Pricing could be more competitive. Photo: Sasha Muller

To truly optimize your experience with this machine, a bit of attention is required, although it’s not overly complicated. For instance, running hot water through an empty, pressurized portafilter warms everything up, making it easier to achieve a consistent tasting shot. This hot water can even be used to preheat your cups. There’s a raised area for cups on top of the Bambino Plus, but it doesn’t get hot enough during normal use.

If you find yourself missing a dedicated hot water button for Americanos and other drinks, you can activate it by pressing the single shot and milk froth buttons simultaneously. I honestly didn’t find the absence of a dedicated button too strange.

For those who prefer quick, hassle-free coffee, and who have ever considered this purchase, I suggest you think it through carefully. The processes of grinding, measuring, tamping, and brewing are part of the allure of manual espresso. However, while the Bambino Plus’s quick warm-up and automated milk frothing are great, they aren’t quite comparable to the ease of capsule machines.

Finally, I believe the pricing could be more competitive. Before the pandemic, the Bambino Plus sold for around £250. Prices rose during the pandemic and haven’t returned to those levels. If the current price of £349.95 feels excessive, patience may pay off; discounts do crop up during sales.

Warranty and Repairability


Repairing common issues can range between £80 and £120. Photo: Sasha Muller

Sage offers a two-year warranty covering manufacturing defects and material issues. However, it does not cover standard wear and tear. If a replacement occurs, it’s important to note that the original warranty period won’t be extended.

For problems that arise post-warranty, most of us would prefer to keep our coffee machines out of landfills. I spoke with Radu Bria, the owner of Espresso Repair Shop in Stockport, regarding the Bambino Plus’s repairability.

He noted that it’s relatively straightforward to disassemble the machine for internal access. However, with only one official supplier in the UK, sourcing replacement parts can take longer.

Common issues faced by Bambino and Bambino Plus models include faulty solenoid coils, temperature probes/sensors, and blocked thermojets due to hard water. If you wish to maintain your machine beyond its warranty, it should last for several years. Just keep in mind that the included filter, or even a basic filter jug, won’t prevent limescale buildup; a non-scaling water softener or a reverse osmosis filter is essential for that.

Sage Bambino Plus: Should I Buy It?

In short, the Bambino Plus stands out as perhaps the ideal beginner machine. Over the years I’ve owned it, it has become one of my favorites, thanks to its ease of use, compact size, and exceptional quality. The only lingering question is whether you really need that fourth cappuccino before lunch. Those coffee beans in the cupboard await your attention.

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Sasha Muller is a freelance technician and consumer journalist, an avid coffee enthusiast, and a craft beer aficionado, with over 20 years of experience testing products. When not exploring the local woods with his kids, he’s likely found in discussions about mountain bike tires or classic drum bath vinyl.




Source: www.theguardian.com