Mastering Quantum Computing: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding the Basics

Posted on January 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

IBM’s Quantum System Two Unveiled at a Data Center in Germany

IBM's Quantum System Two showcased in Ehningen, Germany on October 1, 2024, featuring advanced quantum chips at IBM's inaugural quantum data center. — IBM’s Quantum System Two Unveiled at a Data Center in Germany

Quantum computing has been making headlines lately. You might have noticed quantum chips and their intriguing cooling systems dominating your news feed. From politicians to business leaders, the term “quantum” is everywhere. If you find yourself perplexed, consider setting a New Year’s resolution to grasp the fundamentals of quantum computing this year.

This goal may seem daunting, but the timing is perfect. The quantum computing sector has achieved significant breakthroughs lately, making it a hotbed of innovation and investment, with the market expected to exceed $1 billion, likely doubling in the coming years. Yet, high interest often leads to disproportionate hype.

There remain numerous questions about when quantum computers might outpace classical ones. While mathematicians and theorists ponder these queries, the practical route may be to improve quantum computers through experimentation. However, consensus on the best methodologies for building these systems is still elusive.

Compounding the complexity, quantum mechanics itself is notoriously challenging to comprehend. Physicists debate interpretations of bizarre phenomena like superposition and entanglement, which are pivotal for quantum computing’s potential.

Feeling overwhelmed? You’re not alone. But don’t be discouraged; these challenges can be overcome with curiosity.

As a former high school teacher, I often encountered curious students who would linger after class, eager to discuss intricate aspects of quantum computing. Many were novice learners in math or physics, yet they posed thought-provoking questions. One summer, a group who took an online quantum programming course approached me, surpassing my own coding knowledge in quantum applications. The following year, we delved into advanced topics typically reserved for college-level classes.

Recently, I discovered a young talent in quantum inquiry. A 9-year-old YouTuber, Kai, co-hosts a podcast named Quantum Kid, where he interviews leading quantum computing experts for over 88,000 subscribers to enjoy.

Kai’s co-host, Katya Moskvich, is not only his mother but also a physicist with extensive experience in science writing. She works at Quantum Machines, a firm developing classical devices that enhance the functionality of quantum computers. Kai brings an infectious enthusiasm to the podcast, engaging with pivotal figures who have influenced modern quantum theory.

In a recent episode, renowned quantum algorithm creator Peter Scholl discussed the intersection of quantum computing, sustainability, and climate action. Nobel laureate Stephen Chu and distinguished computer scientist Scott Aaronson also joined, exploring concepts like time travel and its theoretical connections to quantum mechanics. Additionally, physicist John Preskill collaborated with roboticist Ken Goldberg to examine the interplay of quantum computing and robotics.

While The Quantum Kid may not delve deep into rigorous math, it offers a fun entry point and insight from leading experts in quantum technology. Most episodes introduce fundamental concepts like superposition and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which you can explore further in reputable publications such as New Scientist.

The true strength of The Quantum Kid lies in Kai’s ability to ask the very questions that an inquisitive mind might have regarding quantum computers—those which seek to unpack the complex yet fascinating nature of this technology. If you’ve been curious about quantum computing but have felt overwhelmed, Kai encourages you to remain inquisitive and seek clarity. (We’re here to guide you on your quantum journey.)

Could quantum computers revolutionize space exploration or even facilitate time travel? Might they help develop advanced robotics or combat climate issues? The answers are not straightforward, laden with nuances. Kai’s engaging dialogues make complex theories accessible, ensuring clarity resonates with both young listeners and adults. Hearing Peter Scholl reiterate that current quantum systems lack the clout to change the world doesn’t dampen Kai’s enthusiasm but rather fuels it.

In the pilot episode, physicist Lennart Renner expresses optimism, stating, “We’re evolving alongside new machines that can potentially revolutionize tasks, hence we must deliberate on their applications,” setting a forward-thinking tone that reverberates throughout the series.

Adopting a blend of Kai’s wonder and imagination, coupled with the seasoned expertise of guests, will enhance any quantum learning project you embark on this year. Quantum computing, while intricate and multifaceted, remains incredibly compelling. If your child is captivated, why not explore it together?

Topics:

Quantum Computing/
Quantum Physics

Source: www.newscientist.com

Chemical Computers: Mastering Pattern Recognition and Multitasking

Posted on November 12, 2025 by

Molecules can be utilized for computational tasks

Shutterstock/Imageflow

Chemical computers composed of enzyme networks can carry out a range of functions, including temperature measurement and substance identification, all while avoiding the need for reconstruction after each use. This adaptability resembles biological systems more than traditional digital circuits, indicating a potential merger of computing and biological processes.

In nature, living organisms contain molecular systems that continuously integrate chemical and physical signals. For instance, cells detect nutrients, hormones, and temperature variations, adjusting to survive. Researchers have attempted to create analogs of this biological flexibility for years, including efforts to form logic gates with DNA; however, most artificial systems fall short due to their simplicity, inflexibility, or scalability challenges.

In a novel approach, researcher Wilhelm Huck from Radboud University in the Netherlands focused on allowing enzymes to interact autonomously rather than scripting every chemical step, leading to complex behaviors capable of recognizing chemical patterns.

The research team developed a system utilizing seven distinct enzymes embedded in tiny hydrogel beads found in small tubes. A liquid is introduced to these tubes, injecting short amino acid chains called peptides, which function as the “inputs” for the computer. As the peptides travel through the enzymes, each enzyme endeavours to cleave the peptide at designated sites along its length. When one cleavage occurs, it alters the peptide’s structure and the available cleavage sites, thereby affecting the actions of other enzymes.

This interdependence of reactions means that enzymes form a dynamic chemical network continually evolving, yielding unique patterns for the system to analyze. “Enzymes serve as the hardware while peptides act as the software. We address novel challenges based on the input provided,” noted Lee Dongyang from Caltech, who was not part of the study.

For instance, temperature influences the reaction rates of the enzymes. Elevated temperatures can accelerate certain enzymes faster than others, modifying the output’s mixture of peptide fragments. By employing machine learning algorithms to analyze these fragments, the researchers were able to correlate fragment patterns with specific temperatures.

Different chemical reactions can take place over various timescales, giving these systems a type of “memory” for previous inputs, enabling them to identify patterns over time. For example, they can distinguish between rapid and slow light pulses, allowing for both reactive and adaptive processing of changes in input.

The outcome is a versatile, dynamic chemical computer that interprets signals akin to a living organism rather than a static chemical circuit. “The same network undertook multiple roles seamlessly, including chemical categorization, temperature sensing with an average error margin of around 1.3°C from 25°C to 55°C, pH classification, and even responding to light pulse periodicity,” Li indicated.

The researchers were astonished by the effectiveness of the compact computer, with Huck expressing hopes for future advancements that might convert optical and electrical signals directly into chemical reactions, mimicking the behavior of living cells. “We started with just six or seven enzymes and six peptides,” he remarked. “Just imagine the possibilities with 100 enzymes.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Mastering Technology: How to regain control with these 5 strategies, from email to AI

Posted on January 13, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Enhancing AI’s Efficiency

Innovations in AI have come a long way since I first used ChatGPT to generate emails two years ago. Take Google’s experimental “AI research assistant,” notebook LM, for example. This tool goes beyond text prompts by allowing users to upload various types of content like videos, links, and PDFs. It organizes your original sources and notes, provides content overviews, answers questions, and even creates podcast-like summaries. As AI tools evolve, we can anticipate more advanced features integrated into everyday software. However, it’s crucial to remember to fact-check and verify the information generated by AI.

Escape Algorithmic Constraints

If you find yourself trapped in a repetitive cycle of music or TV recommendations, it’s time for a change. Platforms like Netflix offer options to reset your viewing history, allowing you to start fresh with new recommendations. Similarly, diversifying your listening habits on Spotify can broaden the range of choices offered to you. Utilize features like Private Session mode or Exclude from Preference Profile to customize your content recommendations based on your preferences.

Identifying AI-Generated Videos

As text-to-video tools become more prevalent, the rise of AI-manipulated videos, known as “deepfakes,” is inevitable. Keep an eye out for watermarks indicating AI generation and be cautious of anomalies like incorrect anatomy or physics in videos. Contextual clues are key in spotting AI-generated content, so stay alert for any content that seems too outlandish or suspicious.

Verify, Watch, and Backup

Incidents of “snatch theft” are on the rise, with thieves targeting mobile phones for resale overseas. While prevention is challenging, ensure to backup important data on your device to mitigate potential losses. Enable automatic syncing to cloud services or manually backup media files through device settings to safeguard your data. In the event of theft, having backup copies ensures that vital information is not lost.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Mastering the Art of Patience: A Game Where Waiting is Key

Posted on August 5, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

aPatience may not always be easy to practice, especially during mundane and tedious moments. However, there can still be joy and peace found in the simplicity of everyday life. Optiillusion introduces a tongue-in-cheek patience simulator called While Waiting to capture this unique experience. Producer Dong Zhou explains, “While we’re waiting for things like buses, stuck in traffic, or standing in line, we often seek entertainment. Most people just resort to using their phones, but is that truly engaging? It’s time to turn waiting into a playful experience by turning mundane moments into a fun game where players can find ways to pass the time.”

While waiting. Photo: Optillusion Games

While Playing, players join Adam on his journey through mundane tasks like waiting for a bus, standing in line for a ride, or watching the rain from a window. Zhou states, “Waiting isn’t just a negative experience; it’s a part of life that comes with its own set of expectations and anxieties.” As Adam’s experiences evolve from simple pleasures to deep aspirations, the game becomes a story of personal growth. “In different waiting scenarios, Adam feels a range of emotions like happiness, relief, or sadness. However, he understands that waiting is the only option,” Zhou adds.

Through whimsical depictions of scenarios like elevator lobbies, doctor’s offices, and airport baggage claims, While Waiting presents a series of patience-testing challenges that resonate with common frustrations. While a sense of fatalism looms, the game incorporates profound reflections on life alongside playful anime humor. Zhou hopes players will not only find amusement but also ponder the deeper meanings interwoven within the game.

To ease the restlessness that waiting brings, While Waiting offers various mini-games to help pass the time, such as luggage stacking or filling out paperwork. Zhou explains, “These mini-games can range from arcade games to puzzles or action games, each level offering a unique experience. While players won’t win cash prizes, the games are designed to keep them entertained while waiting for time to pass. Whether you choose to act or not, the game’s theme revolves around the inevitability of waiting.”

Drawing inspiration from classic animated comedies like “Tom and Jerry,” While Waiting incorporates orchestral music that emphasizes the contemplative and whimsical aspects of this patient journey. The brass and string instrumentation offers a musical reprieve from the discomfort of inaction in daily life.

Despite its quirky and light-hearted nature, While Waiting delves into profound themes. As players approach the conclusion, they revisit earlier scenes and contemplate the cyclical nature of life with fresh insights and emotions. Zhou concludes, “Life is a mix of joy and sorrow, and I hope players will appreciate the value of each waiting moment they encounter.”

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