The reasons behind placing trust in people’s words despite conflicting evidence

Despite the recent surge in “fake news,” misinformation has actually been around for as long as humans have existed. Outlandish claims and conspiracy theories have always been a part of human culture.

Misinformation often originates from, spreads through, and holds significant influence on individuals.

When trying to convey complex information to a general audience, even with strong evidence and expert support, it may still be less convincing than anecdotal evidence like “someone I met in the pub said something different.”


Interestingly, the source of misinformation is often someone close or loosely connected to an individual, rather than a stranger in a pub. This can range from friends to distant acquaintances.

Despite lacking relevant expertise, these individual sources can hold significant influence in shaping beliefs and perceptions.

Humans are not always rational beings, and our brains are heavily influenced by emotions and social connections. Emotional experiences play a significant role in memory retention.

Our brains have evolved to rely on social connections and emotions to gather information. Empathy and emotional connections with others are key factors in how we process information.

Human faces and relationships play a crucial role in how we absorb and understand information. This is evident in the preference for newsreaders over text-only news delivery.

Individuals with personal connections or relatable stories often have a greater impact on us than impersonal sources of information.

Despite the importance of facts, emotions play a significant role in shaping our beliefs and actions. This is why anecdotal evidence from individuals can sometimes carry more weight than concrete research.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Astronomers make breakthrough discovery in planet formation, conflicting with theoretical predictions

Recent observations of the young star DG Taurus reveal a smooth protoplanetary disk in which no planets have yet formed, suggesting that it is on the brink of this process. The findings show unexpected dust grain growth patterns and provide new insights into the early stages of planet formation. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Astronomers have become very good at finding signs of planet formation around stars. However, to fully understand planet formation, it is important to examine cases where this process has not yet begun.

Looking for something and not finding it can sometimes be even more difficult than finding it, but new detailed observations of the young star DG Taurus reveal that the planet is a smooth protoplanet with no signs of planet formation. It was shown that it has a system disk. This lack of detected planet formation may indicate that DG Taurus is on the eve of planet formation.

Image of radio radiation intensity from a disk near DG Taurus observed with ALMA. Rings have not yet formed within the disk, suggesting that planets are about to form.Credit: ALMA (ESO/National Astronomical Observatory/NRAO), S. Obashi et al.

Protoplanetary disk and planet growth

Planets form around protostars, which are young stars that are still forming, in disks of gas and dust known as protoplanetary disks. Planets grow so slowly that it is impossible to observe their evolution in situ. Therefore, astronomers observe many protostars at slightly different stages of planet formation to build theoretical understanding.

This time, an international research team led by Satoshi Ohashi of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) has developed the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (alma telescope) will conduct high-resolution observations of the protoplanetary disk surrounding the relatively young protostar DG Taurus, located 410 light-years away in the direction of Taurus. The researchers found that DG Taurus has a smooth protoplanetary disk and no rings that would indicate planet formation. This led the research team to believe that the DG Taurus system could begin forming planets in the future.

Unexpected discoveries and future research

The researchers found that during this pre-planetary stage, dust particles are within 40 astronomical units (about twice the size of Earth’s orbit). Uranus The radius of the central protostar is still small, but beyond this radius the dust particles begin to grow, which is the first step in planet formation. This goes against the theoretical expectation that planet formation begins inside the disk.

These results provide surprising new information about dust distribution and other conditions at the beginning of planet formation. Studying more examples in the future will further deepen our understanding of planet formation.

Reference: “Dust concentration and particle growth in the smooth disk of a DG tau protostar revealed by ALMA triple-band frequency observations” Satoshi Ohashi, Munetake Momose, Akiraka Kataoka, Aya Higuchi E, Takashi Tsukagoshi, Takahiro Ueda, Claudio Codella, Linda Podio, Tomoyuki Hanawa, Nami Sakai, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Satoshi Okuzumi, Hidekazu Tanaka, August 28, 2023, of astrophysical journal.
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace9b9

This research was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the German Foundation, and the European Union.

Source: scitechdaily.com