Tag Archives: laboratory

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cuts 550 Jobs

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On Monday, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory revealed plans to eliminate around 550 jobs, which represents about 10% of its workforce.

In a statement shared online, Institute director Dave Gallagher indicated that these layoffs are part of a larger “workforce realignment” and are not connected to the ongoing government shutdown.

The positions affected by the layoffs will span various areas including technology, business, and support within the NASA center.

Gallagher emphasized, “Making these decisions this week will be difficult, but they are vital for ensuring JPL’s future by establishing a more streamlined infrastructure, concentrating on our primary technology capabilities, upholding fiscal responsibility, and positioning us for competitiveness within the changing space landscape, all while continuing to deliver critical contributions for NASA and the nation.”

He also mentioned that affected employees will receive notifications regarding their status on Tuesday.

Located in Pasadena, California, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is a research and development center funded by NASA but managed by the California Institute of Technology, and is home to some of the agency’s most renowned missions, including Explorer 1, America’s inaugural satellite, launched in 1958.

Additionally, JPL scientists have designed, constructed, and operated all five rovers that have landed on Mars with NASA’s guidance.

NASA is grappling with uncertainty surrounding its budget and future goals. Similar to many government entities, it has experienced considerable budget cuts and staffing reductions as part of a broader federal workforce downsizing initiated under the Trump administration.

Since the commencement of President Donald Trump’s term, approximately 4,000 NASA staff members have opted for deferred retirement programs, leading to a nearly 20% decrease in the agency’s workforce, which originally comprised 18,000 employees.

In July, Reuters reported that about 2,145 senior employees at NASA are expected to retire as part of the layoffs.

The Trump administration assumed office last week amid an ongoing government shutdown. Over 4,000 additional federal workers were laid off across various departments including Treasury and Health and Human Services, although this reduction does not seem to impact NASA.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

FDA Scientists Make Progress at Food Safety Laboratory

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Officials from federal health agencies have decided to reverse the ruling that led to the dismissal of numerous scientists at the Food Safety Labs. They are also reviewing whether other critical positions have been affected.

A representative from the Department of Health and Human Services confirmed the reinstatement of these employees and mentioned that several individuals will also be returned to the office responsible for handling freedom of information requests.

In recent months, approximately 20% of FDA positions have been cut, marking one of the most significant workforce reductions among all agencies impacted by the Trump administration.

An HHS spokesperson stated that the departures were misleading due to erroneous employment codes.

In light of contradictory statements from FDA Commissioner Dr. Marty McCurry during a recent media interview, the decision to rehire scientists researching food-related illnesses and product safety—such as infant milk powder—will follow shortly.

“You could argue that no cuts were made to scientists and inspectors,” Dr. McCurry stated during Wednesday’s CNN broadcast.

Contrarily, many scientists were laid off from food and drug safety labs nationwide, including Puerto Rico, and from the veterinary unit working on avian flu safety. Employees on leave indicated that scientists in the tobacco sector, who were let go in February, including those examining the health implications of vaping, have not been considered for paid leave and reinstatement.

It remains uncertain how many dismissed employees will be permitted to return.

According to a department spokesperson, about 40 employees from Chicago’s Moffett Lab and a lab in the San Francisco area are being offered positions. Researchers in these facilities investigate various facets of food safety, including how chemicals and bacteria permeate food packaging and methods to ensure safety for infant formula. Some scientists in Chicago have also analyzed the findings of other labs to ensure the safety of milk and seafood.

Dr. Robert Caliph, the FDA commissioner under President Joseph R. Biden, described the term “decapitation and visceral withdrawal” as fitting for the abrupt loss of agency expertise. He noted that the FDA is already behind in meetings designed to assist businesses in developing safe products.

“Much of that involves routine daily tasks that significantly affect overall safety, though they’re not particularly controversial,” he commented. “It just requires effort, and they need personnel present to carry out their duties.”

Dr. McCurry also mentioned that the layoffs do not impact product reviewers or inspectors. However, their responsibilities are being hindered by voluntary departures, the reduction of support staff, and widespread disruptions at agencies, as many are looking to exit, according to former employees.

Hundreds of drug and medical device reviewers, representing about a quarter of the agency’s workforce, have opted out of major projects. As discussed on CNBC. Under FDA Ethics Rules, staff participating in employment interviews are prohibited from conducting agency reviews on products from firms seeking employment.

Dr. Gottlieb characterized the job cuts as “deep,” impacting the Bureau of Policy’s ability to process which drug brands can be offered as low-cost generics. Approvals for generic drugs could potentially save consumers billions.

The reduction in support staff overseeing inspections at food and drug facilities abroad has raised security concerns. Many of those who lost their positions were responsible for surveillance, ensuring inspectors’ safety, especially in hostile regions.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Researchers develop chicken nuggets cultured in the biggest laboratory ever, complete with synthetic veins

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A significant breakthrough has been made in the field of cultured meat, with scientists successfully growing nugget-sized chicken using a new method that enables the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to artificial tissues.

In the past, lab-produced tissues were limited to cell spheres less than a millimeter thick, making it challenging to replicate the texture of real muscle. However, a team of Japanese researchers has now managed to grow a chicken measuring 2.7 inches wide and 0.7 inches thick using a new lab tool, marking a major step forward in this technology. Biotechnology trends.

The development of bioreactors that mimic the circulation system has played a crucial role in this breakthrough, with 50 hollow fibers distributing nutrients and oxygen into the meat to allow cells to grow in a specific direction.

This lab-grown chicken, although not made from food-grade ingredients and not yet tasted by scientists, showcases the potential of this technology for various applications beyond food production.

As the technology advances, challenges such as replicating the texture and flavor of traditional meat and improving oxygen delivery for larger pieces still need to be addressed. Automation of the process and the use of food-grade ingredients are crucial steps towards making lab-grown meat commercially viable.

Consumer attitudes towards cultured meat vary, with some expressing concerns about its safety and perceived unnaturalness. Despite these challenges, cultured meat is already available in some markets and holds promise for a more sustainable future.

The future of cultured meat holds potential for significant advancements in food production, regenerative medicine, drug testing, and biohybrid robotics, paving the way for a more sustainable and innovative future.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

She collaborated in Harvard’s laboratory on reversing the aging process.

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Petrova’s return flight from Paris landed in Boston on the evening of February 16th. As the plane sat on the tarmac, she exchanged messages with Dr. Peshkin regarding the handling of a package at customs. However, the passengers had already disembarked the plane, so Petrova cut the conversation short.

Initially, Petrova felt her re-entry was normal. At Passport Control, officials verified her J-1 visa sponsored by Harvard and recognized her as a biomedical researcher. Her passport was stamped, and she was acknowledged by the state.

As she made her way to retrieve her package, Border Patrol officers approached her and requested to search her suitcase. Her biggest concern was that the embryo sample inside would be compromised, as RNA is easily damaged. She admitted her lack of knowledge about the rules. The officer, in a polite manner, informed her that she was allowed to proceed.

Subsequently, another officer entered the room, and the tone of the conversation shifted, according to Petrova. This officer asked detailed questions about Petrova’s work and travel history in Europe. Petrova was then informed that her visa had been revoked and was questioned about her fear of being deported to Russia.

“Yes, I’m afraid to return to Russia,” she expressed, as per a Homeland Security Department transcript provided by her attorney. “I fear that the Russian Federation will harm me for protesting against them.”

Petrova’s lawyer, Greg Romanovsky, acknowledged her violation of customs regulations but argued that it was a minor offense punishable by forfeiture and fines.

Romanovsky emphasized the need for agents to establish a valid basis for revoking her visa and contended that violation of customs regulations was not sufficient justification. Lucas Gattentag, a professor at Stanford Law School, concurred and criticized the government for creating an improper immigration status that led to Petrova’s detention.

In February, customs officials detained Petrova at Logan International Airport in Boston for not declaring a sample of frog embryos.
credit…M. Scott Brauer of the New York Times

A DHS spokesperson questioned the cancellation of Petrova’s visa and cited the discovery of Petri dishes and vials of embryonic stem cells in the package without proper authorization during a dog inspection.

The spokesperson asserted that individuals were detained legally after lying to federal officers about bringing biological materials into the country. Petrova’s cell phone messages indicated intentions to smuggle materials through customs without declaration, demonstrating a deliberate violation of the law.

Following the cancellation of Petrova’s visa by Border Patrol agents, she became an undocumented immigrant amidst the immigration policies of the Trump administration. She was held at the Richwood Detention Center, awaiting a hearing to present her asylum case before an immigration judge.

Romanovsky filed a petition for her release in federal court, urging ICE to grant her parole. He pleaded for compassion, suggesting that under different circumstances, Petrova would have been released much earlier.

Petrova spent last month in a dormitory with bunk beds, coping with the cold and receiving limited outdoor time. She shared her observations on the diverse group of women around her, highlighting the harsh conditions they all experienced.

She challenged her preconceived notions of the US compared to her experiences in Russia, expressing disbelief at the treatment she and others received. Petrova emphasized the need for basic rights for all individuals, even immigrants under detention.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Scientists successfully recreate Martian “spiders” in laboratory for the first time

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Martian “spiders” are small, dark, spider-shaped formations up to 1 km (0.6 miles) in diameter. The leading theory is that they form when spring sunlight hits a layer of carbon dioxide that builds up during the dark winter months. In a new experiment, a team of NASA scientists has recreated these formation processes for the first time, simulating Martian temperatures and air pressure.

Examples of “Keefer Zoo” features proposed to have formed by seasonal CO2 sublimation dynamics on Mars: (a) a “skinny” spider within layered deposits in Antarctica, (b) a dark spot on a layer of translucent CO2 slab ice covering a group of “fat” spiders in an “Inca city” on Mars, (c) a “fried egg” showing a ring of dark dust surrounded by a bright halo, (d) patterned ground within high Antarctic latitudes with dark directional fans and some bright white fans indicating wind direction, (e) a bright halo surrounding a Swiss cheese depression, (f) a “lacey topography”, a type of patterned ground suggested to be polygonal patterned ground that was later scraped and eroded by surface-flowing CO2 gas from the Keefer model. Image credit: HiRISE/NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/University of Arizona.

Today, Mars is a dynamic planet with a rich variety of surface changes, despite its thin atmosphere and cold climate.

In winter, most of Mars' mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere accumulates on the surface as frost.

In spring, it sublimates and takes on forms never seen on Earth.

These include dark Dalmatian spots, directional alluvial fans, “fried eggs”, grooves which may have dark finger-like flows or light “halos” in spring, dendritic “spiders”, sand grooves in active dunes and growing dendritic valleys.

These features have been detected in the loose material around the Antarctic and in the inter-dune material towards the mid-Antarctic latitudes, although some smaller phenomena have also been detected in the Arctic.

Many of these features make up the so-called “Kiefer zoo,” or collection of surface expressions. Explained It was first published in 2003 and was proposed to be produced by the solid-state greenhouse effect.

“In the Kiefer model, sunlight penetrates a translucent ice sheet in spring, trapping thermal radiation and heating the topsoil beneath the ice, causing the impermeable sheet to sublime from beneath,” explained Dr. Lauren McKeown of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and her colleagues.

“Through this process, the spiders are thought to be caused by high-velocity gases scraping away topsoil beneath the ice sheet, littering the ice surface with fan and patchy variations that are then deposited by dust and gas plumes.”

The study authors were able to create a complete cycle of the Kiefer model in the lab and confirm the formation of several types of Kiefer zookeeper features.

“The greatest challenge in conducting the experiment was replicating the conditions found on the polar surface of Mars, namely the extremely low air pressure and temperatures of minus 185 degrees Celsius (minus 301 degrees Fahrenheit),” the researchers said.

“To do this, we used a liquid nitrogen-cooled test chamber, the Dirty Under Vacuum Simulation Chamber for Icy Environments (DUSTIE).”

“In our experiments, we cooled a Martian soil simulant in a container submerged in a bath of liquid nitrogen.”

“We placed it in the Dusty Chamber, where the air pressure was lowered to the same as in the southern hemisphere of Mars.”

“Carbon dioxide gas was then released into the chamber, where it condensed from the gas into ice over a period of three to five hours.”

“It took a lot of trial and error before we found the right conditions to make the ice thick and clear enough for the experiment to work.”

“Once we have ice with the right properties, we place a heater in the chamber underneath the simulant to heat it up and crack the ice.”

“We were thrilled when we finally saw plumes of carbon dioxide gas coming out of the powdered simulant.”

a paper The explanation for these experiments is Planetary Science Journal.

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Lauren E. McKeon others2024. Laboratory-scale investigation of the Kiefer Model of Mars. Planet Science Journal 5, 195;doi:10.3847/PSJ/ad67c8

Source: www.sci.news

National Laboratory Simulates Core Deflection of Armageddon-Type Asteroid

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Last year’s successful double asteroid redirection experiment, which involved firing a satellite bomb into an asteroid, has been followed by a detailed simulation of a nuclear deflection scenario, similar to the plot of the 1998 space disaster movie Armageddon.

Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, led by Mary Varkey, have published a paper advancing the active field of research on planetary defense against asteroid threats. They propose that detonating a nuclear explosive device as close as possible to an incoming asteroid may be the best strategy, considering that using satellites as missiles is not always practical.

The challenge, however, lies in precisely deflecting the asteroid’s nucleus to avoid potential impact with Earth, as depicted in the movie Armageddon, or the widespread destruction scenario depicted in the film Deep Impact.

In their paper published in the Planetary Science Journal, Burkey et al. explain the complexities involved in simulating the energy storage and the interaction of X-rays from a nuclear explosion with the asteroid’s surface, emphasizing the high computational cost and the need to break down the problem into stages for accurate modeling.

The team’s efforts have resulted in a comprehensive simulation of the nuclear deflection scenario, offering insight into the potential outcomes of such an event. The team also highlights the need for faster simulations, potentially utilizing machine learning to optimize response times for specific threats.

Image credits: Varkey et al.

By simulating the nuclear deflection scenario, the team aims to further advance the understanding of potential strategies for planetary defense against asteroid threats and minimize response times for future events.

Source: techcrunch.com