One of the study participants fell asleep during the experiment.
Mia Lux
Your brain can be gently nudged to tackle complex problems in your sleep, enhancing your ability to solve them upon waking.
Neuroscientists and psychologists are increasingly employing techniques involving sound, touch, movement, and particularly olfactory stimuli to influence dreams. This innovative approach demonstrates potential for applications like helping smokers quit, treating chronic nightmares, and even enhancing creativity.
Now, Karen Koncoly and her team at Northwestern University in Illinois have revealed that this technique may also aid in problem-solving. The researchers enlisted 20 self-identified lucid dreamers—individuals aware that they are dreaming and able to control their narratives—and tasked them with solving puzzles in two sessions within a sleep lab. Each puzzle was associated with unique soundtracks, featuring soothing elements like birdsong and steel drums.
The researchers meticulously monitored participants’ brain and eye movements to pinpoint when they transitioned into the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep, which is known for its vivid and imaginative dreams. Upon entering this phase, a selection of unresolved puzzles was paired with the corresponding soundtracks. Participants were prompted to demonstrate lucidity by executing at least two rapid eye movements from left to right, indicating they were aware of the sound cues while striving to solve the puzzles in their dreams.
The following morning, participants reported that those who listened to the soundtracks during sleep found the puzzle features prominently featured in their dreams, significantly boosting their chances of solving them. Approximately 40% of participants who dreamed about puzzles managed to solve them, while only 17% who didn’t dream of the puzzles could achieve the same.
While the exact reasons behind these findings remain unclear, it’s suggested that pairing sound stimuli with learning tasks while awake may activate the memory of the puzzle when hearing the same sound during sleep, through a process known as targeted memory reactivation. This appears to activate the hippocampus—an essential brain region for memory—prompting what may resemble a spontaneous reactivation of memories that facilitates learning.
Although dreams can manifest at any stage of sleep, Konkoly indicates that targeting REM sleep may enhance problem-solving capabilities. “REM dreams are highly associative and atypical, blending new and prior memories with imaginative thought,” she states. “During this stage, your brain is quite active, potentially allowing for unrestricted access to various sections of your mind.”
Researcher Karen Concoly prepares a participant for the study by fitting a cap to their head that records brain activity.
Karen Konkoly
Tony Cunningham and researchers at Harvard University affirm that this study indicates “individuals may consciously focus on unresolved issues while dreaming.”
However, some experts caution that dream engineering could interfere with the critical functions of sleep, such as clearing toxins from the brain. There are concerns about the potential for companies to exploit these findings by placing ads within personal devices, which Cunningham particularly highlights. “Our senses are already bombarded during waking hours by advertisements, emails, and work stress; sleep remains one of the few times of respite,” he notes.
Koncoly plans to explore why certain individuals exhibit varying responses to sound stimuli on different days. “During this study, I stayed up all night monitoring brainwaves and providing cues during REM sleep. Sometimes participants would signal a response, and other times, they wouldn’t. Occasionally, they would wake and incorporate relevant puzzles into their dreams, while at other times, they simply processed the sound without any further reaction. Why do identical stimuli manifest differently in the same state of consciousness?”
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Launch Week has arrived at last. I want to provide you with an in-depth review of the Nintendo Switch 2 in this week’s newsletter, but as I write this, it has yet to be released. In light of this, Nintendo chose not to send a review unit until just a day before its launch, so as you read this, my dog stands by the door eagerly, as if waiting for its owner.
Nevertheless, you have the chance to make a first impression by playing the console throughout your day in your Nintendo office. Regarding hardware, it’s everything I dreamed of. A robust Joy-Con, a stunning screen, and graphical capabilities that present the games beautifully, just as one would hope to see in 2025 (still not quite on par with a high-end PlayStation 5 Pro or a modern gaming PC). I appreciate the sleek menu design with a subtle touch of color on the controller, accompanied by soothing chimes and blips. Game sharing, online functionalities, and other essentials now operate smoothly. I admire the affordability of Nintendo Switch Online: £18 a year,
which is comparably priced to gaming services that offer access to a treasure trove of classic Nintendo games, while others typically charge around the same amount per month.
Yet, the key takeaway from that paragraph is that it is indeed an upgrade. Eight years later, I can’t help but feel that this upgrade is somewhat overdue. I was hoping for something distinctly new. There isn’t a tremendous amount that’s fresh with the Switch 2, except for the unique ability to use the controllers like a mouse by moving them sideways across your desk or lap. It seems overshadowed by the main launch title, Mario Kart World. I ponder if families with numerous games on their existing Switch, akin to January’s sales figures, will truly see the reason for upgrading. £400 is the suggested price.
Amazing… Mario Kart World. Photo: Nintendo
As for Mario Kart World, it’s incredible. It’s absolutely outstanding. Naturally, it’s bound to be a hit. Besides the classic competitive Grand Prix and time trial races, the standout features include an expansive driving world where you can explore as you wish, collect characters, costumes, and enter elimination-style races across the continent. All courses are interconnected in one vast map, ensuring smooth transitions between them.
Your cart elegantly transforms into a boat upon hitting the water, and I discovered a challenging island where I had to board a seaplane towards skyscrapers. This setting allows everyone to leisurely cruise around a vibrant variety of mountains, jungles, and winding highways. There’s even a space station-themed course that cleverly recalls the original Donkey Kong arcade game, delivering fun nostalgic moments reminiscent of the new Donk City Festival in the climax of Super Mario Odyssey.
Meanwhile, Case Stuart had a fantastic experience with another launch game, Survival Kids by Konami. (If you typically find survival games laborious, fear not. This game is much more enjoyable than it sounds).
However, I must mention the Nintendo Switch Welcome Tour, a rather positively interacting tour that highlights the console’s new features. Priced at £7.99, it allows you to roam a massive recreation of the Switch 2 console, searching for invisible plaques that describe its various components. For instance, there’s a display that provides mundane technical details about the console’s HD Rumble quality. One interactive exhibit challenges you to guess the number of frames per second while a ball on the screen gains boundaries. As someone who doesn’t actively engage with technical specifics, I found myself woefully inadequate in this task. It felt akin to being on the most tedious school trip imaginable.
And it felt a bit too Nintendo-free, lacking character and charm, which left me somewhat concerned. In contrast, Nintendo Labo was an incredibly fan-friendly approach to showcasing the technical aspects of the original Switch. I expected the Welcome Tour to be conducted by the same creative team, but evidently, that was not the case.
I couldn’t wait to dive back into Mario Kart World, and once again, it was phenomenal. I look forward to spending the rest of the week reviewing it thoroughly. Additionally, if you pre-order the Switch 2, you can receive it within the next 24 hours. For those who are hesitant, more information and opinions about the Switch 2 will be available in the coming weeks to assist in your decision-making.
What to do
Arm Akinbo… T is intriguing and peculiar. Illustration: Annapurna Interactive/Steam
Last week, I played To A T, a beautifully odd and unexpected game from Katamari Damacy creator Keita Takahashi. It follows a young teenager perpetually stuck in a T-pose, named Arms Bobo. As you can imagine, this poses significant challenges, forcing them to rely on their fluffy little dogs for support. It’s a children’s game about embracing your uniqueness—I played it with my son—and it’s both amusing and eccentric, featuring songs about giraffes who enjoy making sandwiches. I adore games that come with surprises, and if I asked all of you to guess the ending, I bet none would be close.
Available on: PS5, Xbox, PC Estimated playtime: 5 hours
What to read
Seize the chance… Remy Siu (left) and NHI accept the Peabody Award at 1000xResist. Photo: Charlie Galley/Getty Images
1000xResist is a critically acclaimed sci-fi game that addresses the immigration experience and the price of political resistance, and it was awarded a Peabody Award this week. The creators’ acceptance speech resonated: “I encourage the gaming industry to invest in marginalized voices and to seek to make a difference. I continuously take opportunities. This art form is still in its infancy; it’s too soon to define it.”
Keith Stuart wrote about the events largely overlooked at Midnight launch party—Only Smyths Toys is hosting the Midnight release for the Switch 2. Have you ever attended one of these events? If so, please share your experience— I vividly recall feeling both excited and embarrassed waiting for the Wii on Prince Street in Edinburgh as a teenager.
The developers at OpenAI are very proud of their latest artificial “intelligence” model, which allows you to play Pokémon Red. However, it took me over 80 hours to obtain just three gym badges, as we try to overlook the environmental impacts that AI has on video games.
When Imran Khan suffered a stroke last year, he lost his ability to play video games. His poignant essay discussed the role of Kaizo Mario (Super Difficult Hacking Mario Level) in his recovery.
“At this moment, I’m hugging you while he naps on the couch for three months and I played the Blue Prince. This might be the ultimate postnatal game: It has minimal background sound and music, allows me to pause anytime, and carries zero risk. It also presents fascinating storylines and incredible puzzles. You find yourself deciphering letters and speaking out loud for math puzzles. (Do you get algebra in 3 months?) Your Article [about Nintendo during naptime] made me feel guilty. Are there any other updated tips for similar games discovered after eight years in the postnatal phase?”
During my time with a little one, I engaged in two types of games: one that takes about 5 hours to complete in a single evening, or endlessly zoning out with titles like Stardew Valley and Animal Crossing. It didn’t matter if I was “achieving” anything. My brain was often fatigued, making it hard to follow linear plots. However, that doesn’t suit everyone—my friend Sarah became engrossed in Grand Theft Auto during her baby’s naps.
I became hooked on exploitative mobile games, which I do not recommend—stay away if you have a vulnerable brain. You’ll find yourself spending countless hours on virtual goodies and splurging cash for dopamine. Something like Unpacking or A Little to the Left might soothe your puzzle-thirsty mind without being too overwhelming (plus, they’re brief). To all gamer moms out there: what games did you enjoy in those early months of parenthood?
If you have a question for the block or anything to share about the newsletter— please reach out at pushbuttons@theguardian.com.
aOur children moved out, and my wife and I treated ourselves to a new car for our upcoming driving vacation in Europe. We had been driving family cars with the kids for years, but now we wanted something just for us.
To my surprise, she arranged a test drive for my birthday in a Tesla Model S. It was unlike any car I had ever experienced. “Amazing, this is amazing.” It felt like the future with a computer on the steering wheel that constantly updated with new features. However, opinions seem to have changed since then, as Tesla’s sales dropped by 13% in the first few months of the year. There have even been protests against Elon Musk and his actions outside Tesla facilities around the world.
Despite concerns about charging infrastructure, we found Tesla’s network to be exceptional. We traveled all over Europe, even fitting five adults and all our luggage in the car. As someone who wanted to move away from diesel and gasoline, the environmentally friendly electric vehicle was a perfect fit for us.
My political views leaned left, but owning a Tesla was never intended to be a political statement for us. Little did we know how our choices would later become politicized.
Initially, I tried to ignore the negative opinions about Elon Musk, but as his political stances became more apparent, it became harder to overlook. Many Tesla owners also began feeling uncomfortable with the association and started expressing their concerns online.
Protesters demonstrating against Tesla CEO Elon Musk during the national Tesla Takedown Rally outside dealers in Pasadena, California. Photo: Mario Tama/Getty Images
With the growing concerns and price drops in the second-hand market, my daughter suggested selling the Tesla. However, I feel stuck as it has been a perfect fit for our lifestyle in every other aspect. Maybe I’ll consider a European electric car for our next purchase.
Intel recently moved a large metal structure 140 miles north to one of its semiconductor plants in Ohio, an operation detailed minute by minute here.
Local school bus schedules were carefully avoided during the transportation process. The cargo, measuring up to three-quarters of the length of a soccer field, was moved by a team of White Crane Truck operators.
Intel meticulously planned 37 deliveries over the past 11 months, culminating in the final Superroad landing at the Greenfield site last month. This marked a significant milestone for the company, which has invested heavily in the project since its announcement in September 2022.
However, Intel’s success in logistics is juxtaposed with its struggles as a company. Stock prices plummeted by 60% last year, and competition with companies like Nvidia has intensified with the Advanced 18A Artificial Intelligence Chip.
Rumors of potential dissolution and acquisition by rivals have further exacerbated Intel’s instability in the industry.
The delays in construction have also raised concerns among Ohio residents and community leaders, who were initially optimistic about the economic prospects brought by Intel’s manufacturing plants. The delays have pushed back the timeline for completion, causing frustration and uncertainty in the region.
Despite the setbacks, Intel secured funding under the Chips Act and remains committed to the project. However, the landscape of the semiconductor industry continues to evolve, with competitors like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) making significant investments.
The delays have also impacted local residents, some of whom have seen their properties affected by the construction. Concerns about the future of the project linger as Intel faces challenges in meeting critical deadlines and retaining funding.
The uncertainty surrounding Intel’s Ohio project highlights the complexities of navigating the rapidly changing semiconductor industry, where competition and market demands are reshaping the landscape.
If anything symbolizes the end of Twitter, it’s the rise and fall of Oprah Winfrey’s account.
Oprah joined the platform in 2009. First time tweeting Live from her popular TV show “HI TWITTERS. Thank you for the warm welcome. It feels very 21st century.”
Queensland University of Technology Digital Media Research Center Professor Axel Brands said it was a “landmark moment” for the platform.
“That was really the moment when the numbers skyrocketed.”
Oprah still has an account under the renamed X with 41.7 million followers. But since November 2022, a month after Elon Musk’s acquisition of the site was completed, she posted: Just once – In January 2023, she told Chelsea Clinton that she was “still laughing so hard 😂” about Clinton accidentally wearing two different black shoes at an event.
Debate over X reignited last week after the Australian government took the platform to court to force it to remove a video of a Sydney bishop allegedly being stabbed while leading a church service.
Company X says it complied with the order to delete the footage of the stabbing (though, ironically, just below the post announcing its compliance is a comment saying someone had shared the full graphic video) Musk has been harshly critical of Australia’s request to delete the footage. We asked Mr. X for comment.
But as debate intensifies over what responsibility social media platforms have to stop the spread of violent or extremist content, other questions are emerging. “What is Twitter/X anymore?”
What happened to the site, once a staple of the news cycle and political debate, now increasingly abandoned by those who once religiously followed it?
The beginning: “Utopian vision”
A former Twitter Australia employee, who requested anonymity, said Twitter had lofty goals in its early days.
“I think it was definitely a utopian vision at the time. Like many of these founders, they really thought they were disruptors and creating a space for real public debate. “I was thinking about it,” she says. “I think people really enjoyed it at the time. It was a very fast-moving, innovative platform where you could get the latest news and follow and connect with people you really admired. Even in the early days, it always had parts of it as a toxic swamp, but not entirely.”
“It had a social profile,” she says. “Remember when everyone was obsessed with the existence of blue ticks and pretended that people who didn’t have them didn’t care?”
Although the exact number of monthly active users is unknown, Twitter/X has had a significant impact on the world of news and politics over the years, although it has not had the broad mainstream appeal of Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, or TikTok. I did.
“It’s a very specific, limited audience,” Brands says. “But the types of audiences that could be reached on Twitter were journalists, politicians, activists, and various forms of experts. Often people who were influential in other communities online and offline.”
Belinda Barnett, senior lecturer in media and communications at Melbourne’s Swinburne University of Technology, said: In essence, it has become a must-have tool, especially for journalists. ”
This was also because Twitter’s features, especially @mentions and hashtags, are well-suited for breaking news.
For example, Twitter became big in Japan in part because people turned to Twitter as a way to communicate and organize when the country was hit by a devastating tsunami in 2011, said a former Twitter user. Employees speak.
“It became a real lifeline for people and a way for people to be rescued,” she said.
According to a 2021 Pew study, 69% of U.S. Twitter users said they got their news from the site, 46% said the site gave them a better understanding of current events, and 30% said the site made them more interested in politics. They responded that they felt more involved.
The breaking news feature was not without its problems. The immediacy of this platform gave voice to dissidents and citizen journalists, which was crucial for uprisings like those seen in the Arab Spring, but it also allowed politicians to bypass traditional journalistic mediation. Bruns says it’s now possible.
“There are quite a few politicians who have essentially stopped giving interviews to journalists, leaving them exposed to critical questions and basically just posting their announcements on Twitter.”
Barnett said misinformation and trolls have always been a problem, but the company is committed to what she calls the “three pillars”: user blue checkmarks, moderation policies, and trust and safety. team.
“All of these things worked together to give us some credibility during breaking news, so people went there. Twitter in the old days certainly spread misinformation, but it started trending before it spread.” I often ended up crushing it,” she said.
Now: Musk’s Wild West
Barnett said all three pillars were quickly dismantled after Musk acquired the platform at the end of 2022.
The trust and safety teams were among those who were abruptly fired within weeks of Musk’s $44 billion acquisition of the company, showing up to work at headquarters with a ceramic sink on their first day. A video of Mr. Musk’s entrance was posted on the site with the caption, “Let it sink in.”
Many people who were blocked from the site for violating online rules, including Donald Trump, had their accounts reinstated (although Trump’s account was later blocked again).
The verification process has changed dramatically. Instead of being given blue ticks for being a celebrity or working for a popular news site, you can now buy them.
My approach to moderation has also changed. Mr. Musk’s spat with the Australian government reveals something about his vision for X, which he sees as a bastion of free speech.
“They’re very reluctant to engage in any kind of arbitration,” Brands said. “To some extent, this reflects the broader sense that free speech in the United States is an absolute good above all else. On the other hand, in Australia, Europe, and many other regions, the right to free speech and protection from harmful speech are And that would essentially sound like censorship to many otherwise very liberal people in the United States.”
Ironically, in 2022, X suspended the accounts of people who criticized Musk, including those of several prominent journalists from CNN, the New York Times, and the Washington Post. account has been banned Track the whereabouts of your private jet using public data.
“Elon wants it both ways,” Barnett says. “He wants it to be the original Twitter, which was certainly absolutely critical to the news cycle,” but he also wants to “remove the pillars and processes that Twitter has spent years building up and make it more… We also want it to promote community. ”
“I think it’s becoming a toxic mess,” Barnett says.
The future: a place out of control
A Pew study found that 60% of U.S. Twitter users left the platform for more than a few weeks in the first few months after Musk’s acquisition of Twitter. A quarter of those surveyed said they had not used the site at all in the past year.
Even the most prolific tweeters saw their use of the platform decrease, with the number of tweets per month dropping by 25%.
Whether this trend continues is a difficult question to answer, but one reason is that it has become prohibitively expensive for researchers studying social media to continue their work under Musk. That’s what happened.
For many years, Twitter has provided application programming interfaces (APIs) to academic researchers and private sector organizations for a fee. About a year ago, the cost of accessing these APIs skyrocketed.
Aaron Smith, director of Pew’s Data Lab, said the center has developed a “pretty rich body of research” on Twitter over the years, but that access to the API is now limited due to the price increase for accessing Tweets. He said that such annual fees have become expensive. “It’s bigger than our team’s entire research budget for several years” – they couldn’t do any more research on the platform.
Bruns says academics are in the same position. “We cannot conduct particularly exploratory research, such as looking for hate speech bots or misinformation on the platform. [X] Almost priced out of the market. ”
This is unfortunate, as academic research on Twitter has shown that the platform was able to identify and dispel some hate speech and misinformation in the past, but will now go even further unchecked. he says.
“Certainly, it’s already starting to turn into platforms like Gab and Parler and things like that. [Trump’s] In True Social, people on the far right vehemently agree with each other and ferociously hate everyone else. ”
Even former employees have since deactivated their accounts. “I think it’s a really dangerous space right now and it’s out of control,” she says.
“I miss it sometimes. I always thought this was a great newswire for journalists and citizen journalists…I don’t know, but I found myself sitting watching breaking news and wondering where to go. There’s a hole left, and I’m hoping someone will try to fill that gap.”
I
Imagine an idyllic vacation. Where is your mind wandering? Tolkien’s idyllic glade? Maybe a terracotta hut in a dusty desert? After living in a small town all your life, you yearn for a bustling city apartment surrounded by neon advertisements and walled gardens. Summerhouse is an intimate shoebox world that provides an outlet for such architectural fantasies, allowing players to meticulously craft living spaces that match their vision of the perfect escape.
The antithesis of Grand Design, Summerhouse is a pixelated playpen, an extravagant game for the kitschy, quaint, grand or unknown. You don’t have to worry about budgets, foundations, or planning permission. Developer Friedemann’s hazy, pixelated world will suit your tastes.
“Summerhouse nurtures your inner inventor.” Photo: Friedemann/Future Friends Games
Before donning your metaphorical helmet, choose one of four vibrant spots, including the foothills of a snow-capped mountain or the borders of a metropolis. Once in the field, we skim through the Microsoft Paint-like side menu, which includes windows, doors, and decorations.
Summerhouse is so astonishingly ignorant of physical geometry that his blueprints gather dust on the pavement. Line a tiled roof with a white picket fence like a medieval parapet, or reuse a vending machine as a door. The burden of choice that always overwhelms me when playing city-building games melted into quiet contemplation as I built a house made primarily of mailboxes in an arid valley.
As you arrange the building blocks of your summer house in an inspired manner, you’ll occasionally see cameos from cute characters and new objects that embody your cozy concept. But this is not something to work towards or plan for. Rather, Summerhouse nurtures your inner inventor and allows you to stumble upon progress. This approach lends itself to the game’s warm, welcoming atmosphere, and once you’ve developed a thriving space, it can take the form of a gentle diorama that you can sit and admire, much like in David OReilly’s game. Mountain.
“A beautiful homage to my past.” Photo: Friedemann/Future Friends Games
With the push of a button, a crisp moonlit night transforms into a hazy, sun-drenched morning. He also liked to whip up a storm of atmosphere reminiscent of a wild Queensland camping trip or a summer barbecue gone wrong. She can explore mini-kingdoms in every state as if she were on a year’s worth of vacation. Summerhouse was the most powerful moment, recontextualizing my actual summer vacation memories. Some of the houses I built were beautiful homages to my past, others were twisted monsters of Escher-esque geometry, but I still fell in love with their tortured abstractions.
Relaxing is not easy for me. I can’t sit still to save my life. Still, we enjoyed the tranquility of the summerhouse. I used the construction of my house as an opportunity to organize and rearrange my mental filing cabinet, to keep my hands busy and my mind wandering. With its minimalist feel and clicky sounds, Summerhouse is sure to take the frustration out of your day. It’s a thought-provoking addition to the cozy gaming cabal that is slowly conquering my hard drive.
One day in the fall of 2020, Daniella Ressler I drove home with a car full of jumping spiders. Her lab was closed due to COVID-19 restrictions, so Rosler had no choice but to take the specimens home after spending the day corralling them in a dry field. That night, when she happened to check on them, the spiders hanging and not moving “I’ve never seen this before,” says Rosler, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Konstanz in Germany. She immediately returned to the scene with her colleagues. “We started photographing them just out of curiosity,” she says.
They observed the same behavior, but only at night. Even stranger, a few months later, close monitoring of the lab using a night vision camera revealed that there wasn’t just a spider present. He was twitching slightly, but his eyes were moving.. This is similar to what happens when humans dream, and creates an irresistible expectation that spiders are dreaming too.
Jumping spiders aren’t the only non-human animal in which evidence of dream states has recently been discovered. Signs of dreams, and even nightmares, can be found in every species of the animal kingdom, from pigeons to octopuses. “Once you understand the functions involved in dreaming, it makes perfect sense that animals dream,” Ressler says. But still, questions remain. Do other animals dream like us, and if so, what are they dreaming about? This is not easy to understand, but it is worth doing, as it may help us understand the purpose of human dreams.
NASA and Sierra Space are making progress toward the company’s Dream Chaser spacecraft’s maiden flight to the International Space Station. The unmanned cargo spaceplane is scheduled to begin demonstration missions to orbital complexes in 2024 as part of NASA’s commercial resupply services. Credit: Sierra Space
NASA and Sierra Space are testing the Dream Chaser spacecraft at the Neil Armstrong Test Facility, with a focus on environmental simulation for future ISS missions. After testing, the spacecraft will head to Kennedy Space Center for launch in 2024.
NASA and Sierra Space are preparing for the maiden flight of their Dream Chaser spacecraft. international space station. Dream Chaser and its accompanying cargo module “Shooting Star” NASA’s Neil Armstrong Test Facility It will fly in Sandusky, Ohio, for environmental testing, scheduled to begin in mid-December ahead of its first flight scheduled for early 2024.
State-of-the-art testing equipment
The Neil Armstrong Test Facility, part of NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, has multiple test facilities including the Space Environment Complex and the Space Propulsion Facility, both of which will be home to Dream Chaser. The complex includes a mechanical vibration facility that exposes test articles to the harsh conditions of launch.
During Armstrong’s stay, the Dream Chaser winged spacecraft will be stacked atop the Shooting Star cargo module on a vibration table, experiencing vibrations similar to those experienced during liftoff or atmospheric re-entry.
NASA and Sierra Space are making progress toward the company’s Dream Chaser spacecraft’s maiden flight to the International Space Station. The unmanned cargo spaceplane is scheduled to begin demonstration missions to orbital complexes in 2024 as part of NASA’s commercial resupply services. Credit: Sierra Space/Shay Saldana
Rigorous space simulation
After vibration testing, Dream Chaser will be moved to the propulsion facility for thermal vacuum testing. Dream Chaser is placed in a vacuum and exposed to low ambient pressure, low background temperature, and simulated dynamic solar heating, simulating the environment the spacecraft will encounter during its mission. This facility is the only facility capable of testing full-scale upper stage rockets and rocket engines under simulated space conditions and conducting high-temperature fires.
After testing at Armstrong, Dream Chaser will be transported to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for further launch preparations, and is currently scheduled to launch in the first half of 2024.
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