Tag Archives: observe

Astronomers Observe Coronal Mass Ejection from Young Sun-Like Star

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On Earth, we may not often realize it, but the sun regularly ejects massive clumps of plasma into space known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Astronomers, utilizing the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope along with ground-based telescopes in Japan and South Korea, have begun to detect signs of multi-temperature CMEs. EK Draconis, a young G-type main sequence star, is located 112 light-years away in the northern constellation Draco.

Artist’s depiction of the coronal mass ejection from EK Draconis. Image provided by: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

“Researchers believe that CMEs may have significantly impacted the development of life on Earth, given that the Sun was quite active in its early days,” stated Kosuke Namegata, an astronomer at Kyoto University, along with his colleagues.

“Historically, studies have indicated that young stars similar to our Sun often produce intense flares that surpass the largest solar flares recorded in contemporary times.”

“The massive CMEs from the early Sun could have drastically influenced the primordial conditions on Earth, Mars, and Venus.”

“Nevertheless, the extent to which these youthful stellar explosions produce solar-like CMEs remains uncertain.”

“Recent years have seen the detection of cold plasma in CMEs via ground-based optical methods.”

“However, the high speeds and frequent occurrences of significant CMEs predicted in earlier studies have yet to be confirmed.”

In their investigation, the authors concentrated on EK Draconis, a youthful solar analog estimated to be between 50 million and 125 million years old.

Commonly referred to as EK Dra and HD 129333, the star shares effective temperature, radius, and mass characteristics that make it an excellent analog for the early Sun.

“Hubble captured far-ultraviolet emission lines sensitive to high-temperature plasma, while three ground-based telescopes simultaneously recorded hydrogen alpha lines tracking cooler gas,” the astronomers explained.

“These synergistic multi-wavelength spectroscopic observations enabled us to observe both the hot and cold components of the eruption instantaneously.”

This research presents the first evidence of a multitemperature CME originating from EK Draconis.

“Our findings indicate that high-temperature plasma at around 100,000 K was ejected at speeds ranging from 300 to 550 km/s, followed approximately 10 minutes later by a lower-temperature gas around 10,000 K ejected at a speed of 70 km/s,” the astronomers reported.

“The hotter plasma contained significantly more energy than the cooler plasma. This implies that frequent intense CMEs in the past may have sparked strong shocks and high-energy particles capable of eroding or chemically altering the early atmospheres of planets.”

“Theoretical and experimental research suggests that robust CMEs and high-energy particles could play a key role in generating biomolecules and greenhouse gases vital for the emergence and sustainability of life on early planets.”

“Consequently, this discovery carries substantial implications for understanding the habitability of planets and the conditions under which life may have arisen on Earth—and potentially elsewhere.”

The team’s study was published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

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Namekata K. et al. Signs of multi-temperature coronal mass ejections identified in a young solar analog. Nat Astron published online on October 27, 2025. doi: 10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8

Source: www.sci.news

Astronomers Observe Dramatic Galaxy Collision 11 Billion Light-Years Away

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Analysis from the ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and ALMA data indicates that intense radiation from a quasar within these galaxies affects the gas properties of other galaxies, reducing their ability to form new stars.

Artistic impression of a galaxy merger where the right galaxy hosts a quasar at its core. This quasar, containing a supermassive black hole, emits a powerful radiation cone that affects neighboring galaxies. This interaction can destroy gas and dust clouds, leaving behind only denser regions that may struggle to form stars. Image credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser.

“In the far reaches of the universe, two galaxies are entangled in an exhilarating conflict,” remarked Dr. Paschier Notardem, an astronomer affiliated with the Paris Astronomical Institute.

“On a collision course at speeds of 500 km/s, they collide multiple times, only to push one another away before gearing up for another round.”

“Thus, we refer to this system as the ‘space joust.’ However, these galactic contenders don’t fight fairly, utilizing quasars to strike with beams of radiation.”

Quasars are the luminous cores of certain distant galaxies powered by supermassive black holes, emitting substantial amounts of radiation.

The combination of a quasar with a galaxy was significantly more common during the universe’s first billion years, allowing astronomers to glimpse the remote past using powerful telescopes.

The light from this “joust of the universe” traveled over 11 billion years to reach us, providing a snapshot of the universe when it was merely 18% of its current age.

ALMA image showcasing the molecular gas content of two galaxies involved in a collision. Image credits: ALMA/ESO/NAOJ/NRAO/Balashev et al.

“According to Dr. Sergei Balashev from the Ioffe Institute,

the observations from the new VLT/ALMA indicate that radiation from the quasar J012555.11-012925.00 obliterates the normal gas and dust clouds in the surrounding galaxy, leaving only the densest regions.

These regions are likely too limited for star formation, causing a significant decline in stellar nurseries within the affected galaxy.

However, the transformed galaxies are not the only ones undergoing changes.

“These mergers are believed to funnel substantial amounts of gas into the supermassive black holes at the galaxies’ centers,” Dr. Balashev mentioned.

“In this cosmic arena, fresh supplies of fuel come within reach of black holes that power the quasar.”

“As these black holes are nourished, the quasar can persist in its destructive assault.”

A paper detailing these findings was published today in the journal Nature.

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S. Balashev et al. Quasar radiation transforms gas in a merged companion galaxy. Nature Published online on May 21, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08966-4

Source: www.sci.news

KM3NET continues to observe the highest energy cosmic neutrinos

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The newly detected neutrino, called KM3-230213A, has an incredible energy of 220 peta-electronic (PEV), making it one of the most powerful basic particles ever detected. Its energy was about 100 million times more energy than visible photons, and about 30 times the highest neutrino energy previously detected.

Visual impressions of ultra-high energy neutrino events observed in KM3NET/ARCA. Image credit: km3net.

Cosmic neutrinos are generated near or along cosmic ray propagation pathways, leading to the generation of secondary unstable particles, which then collapse into neutrinos.

Cosmic rays interacting in the Earth's atmosphere generate atmospheric neutrinos that form the experimental background of cosmic neutrinos.

Monitor a huge amount of neutrino observatory to detect space neutrinos. Cherenkov Light It is induced by the passage of charged particles due to neutrino interactions within or near the detector.

“This high-energy neutrino is extremely rare and makes it a monumental discovery,” says Professor Miroslav Filipovich of Western Sydney University.

“This finding represents the most energetic neutrinos ever observed, providing evidence that such high energy neutrinos are being produced in the universe.”

“Detecting such extraordinary particles brings us closer to understanding the most powerful forces that shape our universe.”

Detection of KM3-230213a is KM3NET Telescopephotoelectron-filled tubes are used to capture light from charged particles generated when neutrinos interact with the detector.

“KM3NET's research infrastructure consists of two detector arrays of optical sensors deep in the Mediterranean,” the physicist said.

“The ARCA detector is located approximately 3,450 m deep off the coast of Portopalo Di Capo Passero in Sicily, Sicily, Italy, and is connected to the INFN coastal station, Nazionali Del Sud using electro-optic cables.”

“ARCA's geometry is optimized for research into high-energy cosmic neutrinos.”

“The ORCA detector is located at a depth of approximately 2,450 m in France's offshore Toulon and is optimized for studying neutrino oscillations.”

“Both detectors are under construction, but they are already working.”

The KM3-230213A event recorded light of over 28,000 photons, providing clear trajectories and compelling evidence suggesting the cosmic origin of the particles.

“KM3NET can reconstruct neutrino trajectories and energy,” says Dr. Luke Burns of Western Sydney University.

“To create neutrinos like these, like explosive stars and super-large black holes, requires extreme cosmic conditions.”

“The work of following up on the radiotelescope, like the Australia Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder, helps unlock their secrets.”

The researchers concluded that it is difficult to clearly determine its origin based on a single neutrino.

Future observations will focus on constructing clearer images of such events in order to construct clearer images of such events.

“The energy of the KM3-230213A event is much greater than the energy of neutrinos detected so far,” the scientists said.

“This suggests that neutrinos may be derived from a different cosmic accelerator than low-energy neutrinos, or this could be the first detection of cosmicogenic neutrinos. Universe.”

Team's paper Published in the February 12th issue of the journal Nature.

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KM3NET collaboration. 2025. Observation of ultra-high energy cosmic neutrinos using KM3NET. Nature 638, 376-382; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1

Source: www.sci.news

The constraints of machine learning in analyzing galaxies that are difficult to observe

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The recent focus in news has been on the progress of artificial intelligence (AI) in the past couple of years. ChatGPT and DALL·E are examples of AI models that many people associate with AI. AI tools are utilized by astronomers to analyze vast data sets, which would be impractical to manually go through. Machine Learning Algorithms (ML) are crucial for categorizing data based on predetermined parameters derived from previous studies. An example of ML usage is in the identification of elusive patterns in sky surveys by astronomers, though the limitations of this method in classifying objects in space are not thoroughly understood.

To address these limitations, a group of scientists led by Pamela Marchand-Cortes at the University of La Serena in Chile tested the capabilities of ML. They used ML models like Rotation forest, Random forest, and Logit Boost to categorize objects beyond the Milky Way galaxy based on their properties. The team aimed to see if ML could accurately categorize objects already manually classified. The challenge was in the dense region of sky obscured by dust in the Milky Way, known as the “Avoidance Zone.” The team’s experiment showed that ML had difficulty in categorizing objects in this challenging area.

The team gathered and analyzed data from X-ray images to manually identify objects and compare ML’s performance. ML correctly identified large objects like galaxies in only a few instances, showcasing its limitations. Despite the potential for ML to assist in studying obscured regions of the universe, the team recommended training AI models with diverse samples to enhance accuracy in future research.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Astronomers observe the reawakening of a supermassive black hole

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In December 2019, a little-known galaxy called SDSS 1335+0728, located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo, suddenly started glowing brighter than ever before. To understand why, astronomers used data from multiple space and ground-based observatories to track the changes in the galaxy's brightness. They concluded that they were witnessing the sudden awakening of the supermassive black hole at its center.

This artist's impression shows the black hole drawing in the surrounding gas, growing a disk of material that lights up the galaxy. Image credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser.

“Imagine observing a distant galaxy for years and it always seemed quiet and inactive,” said Dr Paula Sánchez Sáez, astronomer at ESO and the Millennium Astrophysics Institute.

“Suddenly, the brightness of its central core began to change dramatically, which is not a typical phenomenon we've seen before.”

This is what happened to SDSS 1335+0728, which has been classified as having an active galactic nucleus (AGN) after brightening dramatically in December 2019.

Galaxies can suddenly brighten due to events such as supernova explosions or tidal disruption, but these changes in brightness usually only last for a few tens or, at most, a few hundred days.

SDSS 1335+0728 continues to grow brighter, more than four years after it was first observed “lighting up.”

What's more, the changes detected in the galaxy are unlike anything seen before, suggesting alternative explanations to astronomers.

Dr Sáez and his colleagues sought to understand these brightness changes by combining archival data with new observations from several facilities, including the X-SHOOTER instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope.

Comparing data taken before and after December 2019, we found that SDSS 1335+0728 now emits much more light in ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths, and the galaxy also began emitting X-rays in February 2024.

“This kind of action is unprecedented,” Dr. Saez said.

“The most concrete option to explain this phenomenon is that we are seeing the galactic core starting to show activity,” added Dr Lorena Hernández García, an astronomer at the Millennium Institute for Astrophysics and Valparaíso University.

“If this is the case, it would be the first time that we have observed the activation of a massive black hole in real time.”

“Supermassive black holes are normally dormant and cannot be seen directly,” said Dr Claudio Ricci, an astronomer at the Diego Portales University and the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University.

“In the case of SDSS 1335+0728, we were able to observe a massive black hole awakening and suddenly absorbing the surrounding gas, becoming extremely bright.”

“This process has never been observed before,” Dr. Garcia said.

“Previous studies have reported that dormant galaxies become active after a few years, but this is the first time that the process of black hole awakening itself has been observed in real time.”

“This could also happen to Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy, but we don't know how likely this is to happen.”

“Regardless of the nature of the fluctuations, SDSS 1335+0728 will provide valuable information about how black holes grow and evolve,” said Dr. Sáez.

“We hope that instruments like MUSE on the VLT and the upcoming MUSE on the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) will hold the key to understanding why galaxies are brightening.”

of study Published in a journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

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P. Sanchez Aes others2024 SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of the universe about 1 billion years ago6 M_sun Black hole. A&Ain press; doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347957

Source: www.sci.news

Astronomers observe massive flare emitted by Messier 82 magnetar

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Using sensitive instruments aboard ESA’s International Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory (Integral) mission, astronomers GRB231115A Taken from the center of Messier 82 (M82, NGC 3034, or the Cigar Galaxy). Messier 82 (M82, NGC 3034, or Cigar Galaxy) is a starburst irregular galaxy located 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. They say the spectral and timing characteristics of GRB 231115A, as well as the lack of X-ray and optical observations and gravitational wave signals several hours after the event, indicate that this outburst was the result of a giant flare from a magnetar. Suggests. They conclude that starburst galaxies like Messier 82, which are known to produce magnetars, could be promising targets for studying giant flares.

On November 15, 2023, Integral detected a burst of gamma rays that lasted just one-tenth of a second. The detection was sent to the Integral Science Data Center, where software determined it came from the nearby galaxy Messier 82. A small square on Integral's map indicates the location of the burst. Blue circles on the two cropped images indicate corresponding locations. Image credit: ESA / Integral / XMM-Newton / INAF / TNG / M. Rigoselli, INAF.

Giant flares are short explosive events that release very large amounts of energy as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).

Only three such flares have been observed from magnetars in our Milky Way galaxy and the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud in the past roughly 50 years.

Observations of giant flares from distant magnetars are hampered by the fact that at long distances it is difficult to identify the source of the energy burst.

“Some young neutron stars have very strong magnetic fields, more than 10,000 times stronger than a typical neutron star. These are called magnetars. They emit energy as flares, and sometimes these flares can be huge,” said ESA astronomer Dr. Ashley Climes.

“However, in the past 50 years of gamma-ray observations, huge flares from our galaxy's magnetars have only been observed three times.”

“These explosions are extremely powerful. The explosion detected in December 2004 came from 30,000 light-years away from us, but was still powerful enough to affect the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere. It's like a solar flare coming from much closer to us.

“The flare detected by Integral is the first confirmation of the existence of a magnetar outside the Milky Way,” said Dr. Sandro Meleghetti, an astronomer at the National Institute of Astrophysics.

“We suspect that some of the other 'short gamma-ray bursts' revealed by Integral and other satellites are also giant flares from magnetars.”

“This discovery will begin the search for other extragalactic magnetars. If we can find more stars, we will be able to understand how often these flares occur and how the stars lose energy in the process. We can begin to understand that,” Dr. Cromes said.

“However, such short-lived explosions can only be caught by chance if the observatory is already pointing in the right direction,” said Dr. Jan-Uwe Ness, a scientist at the Integral project.

“This makes Integral, with its wide field of view more than 3,000 times the area of ​​the sky covered by the Moon, extremely important for these detections.”

“Messier 82 is a bright galaxy in which star formation occurs,” the authors said.

“In these regions, massive stars are born, live short, turbulent lives, and leave behind neutron stars.”

“The discovery of magnetars in this region confirms that magnetars are likely young neutron stars.”

“The search for additional magnetars will continue in other star-forming regions to understand these extraordinary objects.”

of findings It was published in the magazine Nature.

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S. Meleghetti other. A giant magnetar flare in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. Nature, published online March 7, 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07285-4

Source: www.sci.news

Ambitious plan to observe the sun during April’s solar eclipse

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NASA’s WB-57 research jet will be used to study solar eclipses

Amir Caspi

Solar scientists across North America will study April’s total solar eclipse to observe the sun’s strangest part: the corona.

Although it is briefly visible as a bright halo that appears only when it is total, it is a million times dimmer in visible light than the rest of the Sun. The corona is also a million degrees warmer than the sun’s surface, or photosphere, which only reaches about 6000 degrees Celsius, and extends millions of kilometers into the solar system.

The corona is where the sun’s magnetic field acts on charged particles to form complex shapes called streamers, loops, plumes, etc. Understanding the corona helps us predict the solar wind, the stream of charged particles that is blown into space from the Sun. This is the cause of the aurora borealis, but it’s also a potential threat to astronauts, satellites, and the power grid.

Expectations for the total solar eclipse on April 8th are extremely high. That’s because the total solar eclipse, in which the sun is completely covered, will last up to 4 minutes and 27 seconds, the longest such period on land in more than a decade. We would like to introduce some of the experiments that will be carried out in the future.

solar wind sherpa

Shadia HabalThe solar researcher at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy has been tracking solar eclipses for almost 30 years, using special filters and cameras to measure the temperature of particles from the deepest part of the corona.

Habal’s group, now known as the Solar Wind Sherpas, has traveled to far-flung places, including the Marshall Islands, Kenya, Mongolia, Norway’s Svalbard, Antarctica, and Libya. Habal and her team use filters to image the corona during each solar eclipse, some of which last only a few seconds. By studying the different wavelengths of light emitted by charged iron particles in the corona, temperature can be revealed.

Most often, solar physicists who study the corona rely on space observatory coronagraphs, which use telescope disks to block the sun. But these devices obscure the deepest parts of the corona, towers of plasma called prominences and sources of eruptions called coronal mass ejections.

“Observations during totality are very important,” Habal says. There’s no other way to continuously observe a portion of the Sun’s atmosphere extending from the surface to at least 5 solar radii. “This is fundamental to understanding how the solar atmosphere originates from the Sun and then spreads out into interplanetary space,” she says. Only then will accurate computer models be devised to simulate the corona and help predict space weather.

In the past few years, Habal’s group has made a surprising discovery. The Sun is currently heading towards her solar maximum in 2025, the most active period of his 11-year cycle when solar winds strengthen. Because the corona appears larger during the maximum solar activity during a total solar eclipse, it was thought that there is a close relationship between the solar cycle and the temperature of the corona. But it may not be that simple.

In 2021, Habal and his colleagues published a study based on observations made during 14 total solar eclipses that suggest: The temperature of the corona does not depend on the solar cycle. The lines of the sun’s magnetic field can open and spread outward in the solar wind, or they can close and become hotter, forming a loop. “We found open magnetic field lines everywhere, regardless of the cycle,” Habal says. This means that the temperature of the corona is almost constant.

high flyer

Observations have been impossible since 2019 due to bad weather. “In 2020 there was rain in Chile and in 2021 there were clouds over the Antarctic ocean, but in 2022 there was no solar eclipse,” Habal said.Team members are on an expedition to Antarctica. Benedict Justen Next time, he suggested, they could fly a kite equipped with a spectrometer that separates light into its component wavelengths.

A NASA-funded kite with a wingspan of 6.5 meters was successfully tested in Western Australia during a total solar eclipse in April 2023. It was launched on a kilometer-long tether attached to a vehicle. “It was truly miraculous,” Habal says. Due to bad weather, the team flew for the first time only 45 minutes before the total flight. “It was thrilling.”

This box-shaped kite will fly a NASA-funded scientific instrument to study total solar eclipses.

Clemens Bulman and Benedikt Justen

If the technology works well on future eclipses, more kites will be deployed in the future, and perhaps cameras will be added. “It’s much easier and cheaper than using balloons,” Habal says. But if things don’t work out, there’s always a backup.

During a total solar eclipse, two WB-57 planes will track each other just southwest of the eclipse’s maximum at 740 kilometers per hour, about one-fourth the speed of the moon’s shadow. At this speed, the total velocity increases from 4 minutes and 27 seconds to more than 6 minutes when viewed from the ground. “The WB-57 is perfect for this purpose because the nose cone has a built-in camera and telescope system that allows it to rotate and point at anything no matter what direction the aircraft is flying. ” says Mr. Amir Caspi At the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, he is in charge of the second WB-57 experiment to study the corona in a different way.

Caspi and his team will use a stable platform to image the eclipse using both a visible-light camera and a high-resolution mid-infrared camera developed by NASA. The latter captures light at seven different wavelengths and helps determine which structures in the corona are emitting their own light and which are just scattering light from the Sun’s surface. “To make these observations, we need to be as high up in the atmosphere as possible,” Caspi said. Infrared radiation is difficult to observe from the ground because it is absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere.

live streamer

Caspi is also part of the Citizen Continental American Telescope Eclipse (CATE) project. The project is an attempt to create a continuous 60-minute high-definition film using a team of 35 citizen scientists who travel a total path from Texas to Maine. They have the same cameras, telescopes, and training, so they can make exactly the same kinds of observations. “Each team will be spaced out so that each station overlaps its neighboring station,” Caspi said. “If one station can’t get data because of clouds or equipment failure, that’s okay.”

He is hopeful the device will work after it was successfully tested in Western Australia last year. “That was the first solar eclipse I ever saw,” Caspi said. He was busy live streaming on his YouTube, so he could only watch a few seconds. “Our devices couldn’t go online, so we spent the whole time holding our phones in front of our faces.”

Source: www.newscientist.com

Scientists observe massive outburst from supermassive black hole in far-off galaxy cluster

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Some of the gas erupts from the supermassive black hole located at the center of galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414 (abbreviated SDSS J1531) until it reaches a temperature high enough to form numerous star clusters. Cooled down.

Multi-wavelength image of the massive galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414.Image credits: NASA / CXC / SAO / Omorui other. / STScI / Tremblay other. / Astron / Loafers / NASA / CXC / SAO / N. Walk.

SDSS J1531 is a huge galaxy cluster containing hundreds of individual galaxies and a huge reservoir of hot gas and dark matter.

At the center of SDSS J1531, two of the cluster's largest galaxies collide with each other.

Surrounding these merging giants are 19 large star clusters called superclusters, arranged in an “S” shape similar to beads on a string.

Dr. Osase Omoruyi and colleagues at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics are using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the LOFAR radio network, and other telescopes to discover how this chain of unusual star clusters formed. I found out what happened.

The discovery of evidence of an ancient mega-eruption in SDSS J1531 provided important clues.

The eruption may have occurred when a supermassive black hole at the center of one of the large galaxies produced a very powerful jet.

As the jet traveled through space, it pulled surrounding hot gas away from the black hole, creating a huge cavity.

“We're already observing this system as it existed 4 billion years ago, when the Earth was just forming,” Omoruyi said.

“This ancient cavity is a fossil of the black hole's influence on its host galaxy and its surroundings, and tells us about important events that occurred almost 200 million years ago in the history of this star cluster.”

Evidence for the cavity comes from bright X-ray emission “wings” seen on Chandra that track dense gas near the center of SDSS J1531.

These wings form the edges of the cavity, and the less dense gas between them is part of the cavity.

LOFAR shows radio waves from the remains of the jet's energetic particles filling a huge cavity.

Taken together, these data provide convincing evidence for an ancient great explosion.

Astronomers also discovered cold and warm gas near the cavity's opening, detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Gemini North Telescope, respectively.

They argue that some of the hot gas pushed out of the black hole eventually cooled down to cold, warm gas.

They believe that the tidal effects of the two galaxies merging compressed the gas along a curved path, forming the star cluster in a “string-bead” pattern.

“We reconstructed the sequence of events that may have occurred within this cluster over a wide range of distances and times,” said Dr. Grant Tremblay, also of Harvard University and the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“It started when a black hole, just one light-year in diameter, formed a cavity about 500,000 light-years wide.”

“This single event triggered the formation of young star clusters almost 200 million years later, each several thousand light-years in diameter.”

Although the authors only looked at the radio waves and cavity from one jet, black holes typically fire two jets in opposite directions.

They also observed radio emissions further out from the galaxy that could be the remains of a second jet, but it was unrelated to the detected cavity.

They speculate that radio and X-ray signals from other eruptions may have diminished to the point where they could no longer be detected.

“We believe the evidence for this large-scale eruption is strong, but further observations from Chandra and LOFAR will confirm the case,” Dr. Omoruyi said.

“We hope to learn more about the origins of the cavities we have already detected and find the cavities we expect to find on the other side of the black hole.”

a paper Regarding the survey results, astrophysical journal.

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Omase Omorui other. 2024. A “string bead” star formation associated with one of the most powerful she-AGN outbursts observed in the Cool Core Galaxy Cluster. APJ, in press. arXiv: 2312.06762

Source: www.sci.news