Tag Archives: Messier

Event Horizon Telescope Discovers Potential Origin of Messier 87 Black Hole’s Jet

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Astronomers utilizing the groundbreaking Event Horizon Telescope—a global network of eight advanced radio telescopes—have pinpointed the likely origin of a massive space jet emanating from the core of Messier 87.

This Webb/NIRCam image showcases the extraordinary space jet of Messier 87. Image credits: Jan Röder, Maciek Wielgus, Joseph B. Jensen, Gagandeep S. Anand, R. Brent Tully.

Messier 87, a colossal elliptical galaxy situated approximately 53 million light-years away in the Virgo constellation, is of great scientific interest.

Also known as M87, Virgo A, and NGC 4486, this galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole, approximately 6 billion times the mass of our Sun.

This supermassive black hole generates a striking, narrow jet of particles that extends roughly 3,000 light-years into the cosmos.

To investigate such distant regions, astronomers are combining radio telescopes from around the world to create a virtual Earth-sized observatory known as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).

Using EHT observations of M87 conducted in 2021, researchers assessed the brightness of radio emissions at various spatial scales.

They discovered that the luminous ring surrounding the black hole does not account for all radio emissions, identifying an additional compact source approximately 0.09 light-years from the black hole that aligns with the predicted location of the jet’s base.

“By pinpointing where the jet originates and how it connects to the black hole’s shadow, we are adding significant insights into this cosmic puzzle,” stated Saurabh, a student at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy and a member of the EHT Collaboration.

“The newly collected data is currently undergoing analysis with contributions from international partners and will soon incorporate additional telescopes, improving our understanding of this area,” remarked Dr. Sebastiano von Fehrenberg, an astronomer at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics.

“This will provide us with a much clearer view of the jet’s launch region.”

“We’re transitioning from merely calculating the positions of these structures to aiming for direct imaging,” he added.

“The jet is postulated to be launched using the rotational energy of the black hole through electromagnetic processes, presenting a unique laboratory where general relativity and quantum electrodynamics intersect,” explained Professor Bert Lipperda, also from the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics.

“Studying how jets are launched in proximity to a black hole’s event horizon is a crucial advancement in our comprehension of these cosmic titans.”

“The observational data will empower scientists to test theories regarding the interplay between gravity and magnetism in the universe’s most extreme environments, bringing us closer to understanding the ‘engines’ that shape entire galaxies.”

Find more details in the result published in the Journal on January 28, 2026, in Astronomy and Astrophysics.

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Saurabh et al. 2026. Investigation of the jet-based ejection from M87* with 2021 Event Horizon Telescope observations. A&A 706, A27; doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202557022

Source: www.sci.news

EHT Reveals Changing Polarization Patterns in Black Holes of Messier 87

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Recent Observations of the M87* Black Hole by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) – Eight Ground-Based Radio Telescopes (ALMA, APEX, Iram 30 m Telescope, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Lage Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano, Submillimeter Array Telescope) – Unveil a dynamic environment with varying polarization patterns near black holes.

The EHT images show that the magnetic field of M87* spiraled in one direction in 2017, settled in 2018, and reversed direction in 2021. Image credit: EHT collaboration.

Messier 87 is a vast elliptical galaxy situated approximately 53 million light-years away in the Virgo constellation.

This galaxy, also known as M87, houses the M87*, an ultra-massive black hole with a mass exceeding 6 billion solar masses.

In 2017, the EHT Collaboration detected a helical polarization pattern, indicating large-scale twisted magnetic structures, confirming long-held hypotheses about black hole interactions and their surrounding environments.

However, by 2018, the polarization nearly vanished. In 2021, a faint remnant began to spiral in the opposite direction.

Astrophysicists are now grappling with the pivotal question: Why?

“Black holes hold mysteries tightly, yet we continue to seek answers from their grasp,” stated Professor Avery Broderick, an astrophysicist at the University of Waterloo and the Perimeter Institute.

“Our team at Waterloo is reconstructing images from EHT data and determining what we can confidently assert—distinguishing between realistic findings and potential instrumental artifacts.”

“We are at the forefront of deciphering how EHT images, particularly their evolution, can unveil astrophysical dramas unfolding in the most extreme gravitational conditions.”

Each year, EHT collaborations revisit M87*, capturing fleeting moments that reveal its ongoing evolution, providing deeper insights into its well-guarded secrets.

“What’s intriguing is that the ring sizes have remained consistent over the years, validating the shadows of black holes predicted by Einstein’s theory, while the polarization patterns change dramatically,” remarked Dr. Paul Thierde, an astronomer at the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“This indicates that the magnetized plasma swirling near the event horizon is not static but dynamic and complex, challenging theoretical models.”

The stability of M87*’s shadow serves as evidence that “black holes have no hair,” implying that a black hole is a simple geometric entity defined exclusively by mass, spin, or charge.

“This simplicity makes it an intriguing object of study within gravity, allowing for precise predictions. Other astrophysical phenomena seem secondary,” elaborated Professor Broderick.

“However, the surrounding environment can exhibit ‘hair,’ with magnetic fields being notable examples.”

“We have long understood what types of magnetic structures could exist, but now we believe there’s a rich diversity of configurations that can change rapidly, similar to human hairstyles.”

“These findings illustrate how EHT is maturing into a full-fledged scientific observatory that not only produces unprecedented images but also fosters a continuous and coherent understanding of black hole physics.”

“Each new observational campaign broadens our understanding, from the dynamics of plasma and magnetic fields to the role of black holes in the evolution of cosmic structures.”

“This is a concrete demonstration of the extraordinary scientific potential of this infrastructure.”

The survey results will be published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

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Kazunori Akiyama et al. (Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration). 2025. 2017-2021 Horizon scale variation of M87* from EHT observations. A&A in press; doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202555855

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble Captures the Stellar Core of Messier 82

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Astronomers utilizing the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have captured a new image of the central region of the Edge-on-Starburst Galaxy Messier 82.

This Hubble image displays Messier 82, a starburst irregular galaxy located 12 million light years away in the Ursa Major constellation. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/WD Vacca.

Messier 82 is situated roughly 12 million light years from the northern Ursa Major constellation.

Initially identified by German astronomer Johann Erard Bord in 1774, this galaxy spans about 40,000 light years.

Known as the Cigar Galaxy, Messier 82 features an elongated oval shape due to the tilt of its starry disc relative to our view.

This galaxy is renowned for its remarkable pace in star formation, generating stars at a rate ten times faster than that of the Milky Way.

“Messier 82 is home to a stunning star that shines through clouds of gas, dust, and clumps,” remarked the Hubble astronomer.

“It’s not surprising to find that the galaxy is so densely packed with stars.”

“Galaxies that produce stars at a rate ten times faster than the Milky Way are classified as Starburst Galaxies.”

“This vigorous starbursts phase has led to the emergence of superstar clusters at the galaxy’s core.”

“Each of these stellar clusters contains hundreds of thousands of stars, surpassing the brightness of ordinary star clusters.”

Astronomers have employed Hubble to investigate these vast clusters and understand their formation and evolution.

“The image reveals features that were previously unseen in earlier Hubble images of galaxies: data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) high-resolution channels,” they noted.

“The high-resolution channel is one of three sub-instruments of the ACS, which was installed in 2002.”

“After five years of operation, the high-resolution channel provided stunning, detailed observations of a dense stellar environment like the heart of the Starburst Galaxy.”

“Unfortunately, an electronic failure in 2007 rendered the high-resolution channel inoperative.”

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble Space Telescope Returns to Messier 96

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Astronomers utilizing the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have captured stunningly detailed images of the asymmetrical Spiral Galaxy Messier 96.

This Hubble image illustrates Messier 96, a spiral galaxy situated approximately 34 million light years away in the constellation Leo. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/F. Belfiore/D. Calzetti.

Messier 96, or NGC 3368, is a spiral galaxy found in the constellation Leo, roughly 34 million light years from Earth.

It was first identified by French astronomer Pierre Messier on March 20, 1781, and was included in Charles Messier’s catalog of astronomical objects just four days later.

This galaxy, also referred to as Leda 32192 or M96, extends approximately 100,000 light years in diameter—similar to the size of the Milky Way—and boasts an estimated mass of 80 billion solar masses.

Messier 96 is a prominent member of the Leo I Galaxy Group, commonly known as the M96 group.

This group includes Messier 95, Messier 105, and a variety of other galaxies, representing the nearest collection that encompasses both bright helical and bright elliptical galaxies.

Messier 96 appears as a massive vortex of shimmering gas, with dark dust swirling within, flowing toward its nucleus.

The galaxy exhibits significant asymmetry, with its dust and gas distributed unevenly across its weak spiral arms, and its nucleus is not precisely at the galactic center.

Additionally, its arms are asymmetrical and are believed to have been shaped by gravitational influences from neighboring galaxies within the Leo I group.

“The gravitational forces exerted by neighboring galaxies could be responsible for the unequal distribution of gas and dust in Messier 96, as well as the asymmetrical spiral arms and the positioning of its core outside the center,” stated Hubble astronomers in a press release.

“The recently released Hubble images clearly showcase this asymmetrical structure, enhanced by observations in ultraviolet and optical light.”

“Previous images of Messier 96 were released in 2015 and 2018,” they noted.

“Each new image contributes additional data and reveals a stunning, scientifically informative view of the galaxy.”

“This latest version provides a fresh perspective on star formation in Messier 96.”

“The pink gas bubbles depicted in this image highlight the star-forming rings at the galaxy’s edges, enveloping a hot, young, massive star.”

“These new stars remain encased in the gas clouds from which they originated.”

“The fresh data incorporated for the first time in this image will aid in researching how stars are born within vast dusty gas clouds, how dust influences starlight, and the effects of stellar activity on their environment.”

Source: www.sci.news

Webb Focuses on the Core of Messier 82

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Astronomers utilized the mid-infrared instrument (Miri) on the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope to capture breathtaking infrared images of the heart of Messier 82, an edge-on starburst galaxy located approximately 12 million light-years away.

This Webb/Miri image highlights the central region of the Starburst Galaxy Messier 82. Image credits: NASA/ESA/CSA/Webb/A. Bolatto.

Messier 82 is positioned higher in the Northern Spring Sky, situated within the Ursa Major constellation’s direction.

The galaxy was first identified by German astronomer Johann Erard Bord in 1774 and is estimated to be around 40,000 light-years old.

Messier 82 is also referred to as the Cigar Galaxy due to its elongated oval shape, a result of the tilt of its stellar disk relative to our perspective.

Known for its exceptional rate of star formation, galaxies like Messier 82 generate stars ten times faster than our Milky Way.

“Though smaller than the Milky Way, Messier 82 is five times as luminous and creates stars at a rate 10 times greater,” the Webb astronomers noted.

“Classified as a Starburst Galaxy, Messier 82 is particularly active in its center, producing new stars at an accelerated pace compared to other galaxies of its size.”

In visible light images, the central region’s intense activity is concealed by a thick veil of dust clouds, but Webb’s infrared capabilities allow it to penetrate this obscuring layer and unveil the hidden dynamism.

“The reason for the star formation surge in Messier 82 likely lies with its gravitational interactions with the neighboring Spiral Galaxy Messier 81,” the astronomers remarked.

“These interactions directed gas towards the center of Messier 82 millions of years ago.”

“This influx of gas supplied essential materials for new star formation, resulting in Messier 82’s distinct structure! The galaxy boasts over 100 superstar clusters.”

“Superstar clusters are larger and more luminous than normal star clusters, each containing approximately 100,000 stars.”

Earlier Webb images of Messier 82, utilizing data from the telescope’s near-infrared camera (Nircam), were made public in 2024.

These images concentrated on the galaxy’s core, where individual clusters of young stars contrasted with gas clumps and tendrils.

The latest images from Webb’s Miri instruments provide an astonishing, almost starless view of Messier 82.

“Instead, these images highlight warm dust and a complex cloud of sooted organic molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),” the researchers explained.

“Emissions from PAH molecules trace the expansive runoff of the galaxy, propelled by intense radiation and winds from the hot young stars within the central superstar cluster.”

“Superstar clusters are responsible for Messier 82’s powerful galactic winds, which may signal the conclusion of the galaxy’s Starburst period. These winds, transforming into massive waves in intergalactic space, carry the cool gas necessary for further star formation.”

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble’s Close-Up of the Spherical Cluster Messier 72

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As part of Hubble’s 35th anniversary ceremony, astronomers have acquired a stunning new image of a rich collection of scattered stars. Messier 72.

This Hubble image shows the Messier 72, a spherical cluster about 50,000 light years away in the constellation of Aquarius. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/A. Sarajedini / G. Piotto / M. libralato.

Spherical clusters are a very old star system, coupled to a single structure, about 100-200 light-years by gravity.

They contain hundreds of thousands, or perhaps million stars. Large masses at the center of the rich stars in the cluster pull the stars inward to form a ball of stars.

Spherical clusters are one of the oldest known objects in the universe and are relics from the first era of the Galactic Layer.

It is believed that all galaxies have a population of spherical clusters. Our Milkyway Galaxy hosts at least 150 such objects, and could be hidden behind the thick disks of the Galaxy.

Messier 72 is It was located It is about 50,000 light years away from Earth, the constellation of Aquarius.

This spherical cluster, also known as the M72 or NGC 6981, is almost 9.5 billion years old.

Its apparent size is 9.4, and appears as a faint patch of light on a small telescope. The best time to observe it is September.

Messier 72 was the first one I discovered it In 1780, by Pierre Messine, a French astronomer and colleague of Charles Messier.

It is the first of the five-star clusters Mechine discovers while assisting Messier, and one of the most remote clusters in Messier’s catalog.

“Messier 72 is a particularly special target as it was the first image to be released in the Hubble Picture of the Week series on April 22, 2010,” Hubble Astronomers said in a statement.

“For 15 years, our team has been publishing new Hubble images every Monday for everyone to enjoy.”

“This has added nearly 800 images to the vast Hubble Image Archive over the years.”

“The impressive variety of star colours in the new Messier 72 images, especially compared to the original image, is the result of adding UV observations to previous visible light data,” they added.

“Colors indicate different types of stars.”

“The blue star is a cluster star originally larger, and after burning much of its hydrogen fuel, it now reaches a hotter temperature. The bright red object is a low-mass star that is now a red giant.”

“Studying these different groups will help you understand the spherical clusters and how the galaxies in which they were born were first formed.”

Source: www.sci.news

Webb unearths proof of functioning supermassive black holes in Messier 83

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Space Telescope Sciences Scientists According to a team of astronomers led by science scientists at the Sciences, highly ionized neon gas detected in the center of the Spiral Galaxy Messier 83 by a mid-inphrase instrument (MIRI) mounted on the NASA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope.

This web image shows the Messier 83. Image credits: NASA/ESA/CSA/Webb/A. Adamo, Stockholm University/Feast JWST Team.

Messier 83 is a spiral galaxy, a magnificently designed rod 15 million light years away from the southern constellations of Hydra.

Also known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, M83, NGC 5236, Leda 48082, and UGCA 366, the galaxy is about twice as small as the Milky Way.

Messier 83 was like that I discovered it By French astronomer Nicholas Louis des Lacaille on February 17, 1752.

Its apparent size is 7.5, and is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the night sky. It is the easiest way to observe using binoculars in May.

This is a prominent member of the galaxy group known as the Centaurus A/M83 group, counting the Dusty NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) and the irregular Galaxy NGC 5253.

Messier 83 has been a mystery for a long time. Large spiral galaxies often host active galactic nuclei (AGN), but astronomers have struggled to see what Messier 83 has been the case for decades.

Previous observations suggested that if a super-large black hole exists there, it must be dormant or hidden behind thick dust. However, new Webb observations reveal signs that suggest that this is not the case.

“The discovery of highly ionized neon emissions in the nucleus of the M83 was unexpected,” said Dr. Svea Hernandez, an astronomer with an ESA aura at the Institute of Space Telescope Science.

“These signatures require a lot of energy to be produced, rather than what a normal star can produce.”

“This strongly suggests the existence of a previously elusive AGN.”

“Before Webb we didn’t have the tools to detect such faintly ionized gas signatures at the nucleus of the M83.”

“Now, with incredible mid-red sensitivity, we can finally explore these hidden depths of the galaxy and uncover what we once couldn’t be seen.”

Webb’s mid-infrared observation allowed astronomers to peer into the dust and detect signs of highly ionized gases in small masses near the galactic nucleus.

The energy required to create these signatures is significantly higher than what supernovae and other great processes can offer, making AGN the most likely explanation.

However, alternative scenarios such as extreme shock waves in interstellar media are still under investigation.

“Webb is revolutionizing understanding of galaxies,” says Dr. Linda Smith, an astronomer at The Space Telescope Science Institute.

“For years, astronomers have been searching for the M83 black hole without success. Now we have compelling clues that could finally exist.”

“This finding shows how Webb is making unexpected breakthroughs.”

“Astronomers thought they had ruled out AGN on the M83, but now there is fresh evidence that they will challenge past assumptions and open new paths for exploration.”

Survey results It will be displayed in Astrophysical Journal.

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Svea Hernandez et al. 2025. JWST/MIRI detection [Ne v] and [Ne vi] M83: Evidence of a long-required active galactic nucleus? APJ 983, 154; doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adba5d

Source: www.sci.news

New Images of Messier 77 Captured by Hubble Space Telescope

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NASA has released an incredibly beautiful image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope for the Barred Spiral Galaxy Messier 77.

This Hubble image shows the Messier 77, a Barred Spiral Galaxy, about 62 million light years away in the Cetus constellation. Color images were created from individual exposures taken with UV rays. The visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum feature Hubble’s advanced camera (ACS) and widefield camera 3 (WFC3) equipment. Based on data obtained through six filters. Colors are attributed to assigning different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/LC Ho/D. Thilker.

Messier 77 is located 62 million light years from Earth in the constellation of Cetus.

Also known as the Squid Galaxy, NGC 1068, Leda 10266, and Cetus A. This galaxy is 9.6 in size.

It was discovered in 1780 by French astronomer Pierre Messhin and originally identified it as a nebula.

Mechine then conveyed the discoveries to her colleague, the French astronomer Charles Messier.

Messier believed that the very bright objects he saw were a herd of stars, but it was realized that technology had truly achieved its position as a galaxy.

“The Messier 77 designation comes from the location of the Galaxy, a well-known catalogue edited by French astronomer Charles Messier,” the Hubble astronomer said in a statement.

“Pierre Messhin, another French astronomer, discovered the galaxy in 1780.”

“Messier and Messhin were both comet hunters cataloguing ambiguous objects that could be mistaken for comets.”

“Messier, Méchain and other astronomers of that era mistaken the Squid Galaxy for either a spiral nebula or a star cluster.”

“This false characteristic is not surprising. For over a century, we pass between discovering squid galaxies and the realization that the “spiral nebulae” scattered across the sky are not part of our galaxies, but are actually millions of light years away. ”

“The appearance from the small telescope of the squid galaxy (a very bright center surrounded by ambiguous clouds) closely resembles one or more stars in a wreath to the nebula.”

At 100,000 light years, Messier 77 is one of the largest galaxies in the Messier catalog.

This galaxy is also one of the closest galaxies with an active galactic nucleus (AGN).

Such active galaxies are one of the brightest objects in the universe, ejecting at best, if not all, wavelengths, from gamma rays and x-rays to microwaves and radiation waves.

However, despite its status as a popular target for astronomers, the Galaxy’s accretion disk is obscure by thick clouds of dust and gas.

“The name ‘Squid Galaxy’ has only happened recently,” the astronomer said.

“The name comes from an extended filament structure that curls around the galaxy’s discs like squid tentacles.”

“The squid galaxy is a great example of how advances in technology and scientific understanding can completely change the perception of astronomical objects.

Source: www.sci.news

The Hubble Space Telescope Takes Another Look at Messier 104

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Looking ahead to the future NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope 35th Anniversary released by the Hubble team Beautiful new image The Sombrero Galaxy, also known as the Messier 104.

This Hubble image shows Messier 104, a galaxy 28 million light years away in the Virgo constellation. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/K. Noll.

Messier 104 It is about 28 million light years away from the Virgo constellations.

Also known as the Sombrero Galaxy, M104 or NGC 4594, this galaxy is I discovered it May 11, 1781, by French astronomer Pierre Mechine.

It has a diameter of approximately 49,000 light years. This is about three times the Milky Way galaxy.

The Messier 104 has a very large central bulge, hosting an ultra-high Massive black hole.

At a 6-degree angle south of the plane, you can see the Galaxy Edge-On. That dark Dustlane dominates the scenery.

Over the past 20 years, Hubble has released several images of the Messier 104. This well-known image Since October 2003.

“It’s packed with stars, but the Sombrero galaxy is surprisingly not a hotbed of star formation,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“Less than one solar mass gas is converted into a star in a dusty disk with a fading knot.”

“At the 9 billion solar mass, even the central, ultra-huge black holes in a large galaxy, more than 2,000 times the central black holes in the Milky Way, are pretty calm.”

“The galaxy is not too faint to find with sincerity, but it is easily viewed with a modest amateur telescope.”

“From Earth’s perspective, galaxies are about a third of the diameter of a full moon.”

“The galaxy in the sky is too large to fit in Hubble’s narrow field of view, so this image is actually a mosaic of several images sewn together.”

“One of the things that make this galaxy particularly noteworthy is its viewing angle, tilting just six degrees away from the galaxy’s equator.”

“From this perspective, the complex clumps and shattering chains stand out in the nucleus and bulge of the bright white galaxy, unlike Saturn and its rings, produce an effect on the scale of the epic galaxy.”

“At the same time, this extreme angle makes it difficult to identify the structure of the Sombrero galaxy,” they said.

“It’s not clear if it’s a spiral galaxy like our own Milky Way or an elliptical galaxy.”

“Unbelievably, galaxy disks look like fairly typical discs of spiral galaxies. The spheroid bulge and halos look quite typical in oval galaxies, but the combination of the two components is neither a spiral nor an elliptical galaxy.”

Source: www.sci.news

Astronomers Uncover Magnetic Filaments Surrounding the Central Black Hole in Messier 77’s Accretion Disk

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Messier 77 is a relatively nearby and well-known bright spiral galaxy with a supermassive black hole at its center.

Messier 77 concept by artist. It is characterized by its powerful black hole and accretion disk, as well as the polarized light of water masers located outside the Milky Way. Image credit: NSF / AUI / NRAO / S. Dagnello.

Messier 77 is a barred spiral galaxy located 62 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus.

Also known as NGC 1068, LEDA 10266, and Cetus A, it has an apparent magnitude of 9.6.

Messier 77 was discovered in 1780 by French astronomer Pierre Méchain, who initially identified it as a nebula. Méchain then relayed this discovery to his colleague, the French astronomer Charles Messier.

Messier believed that the extremely bright objects he saw were clusters of stars, but as technology advanced, their true status as a galaxy was recognized.

At 100,000 light-years in diameter, Messier 77 is one of the largest galaxies in the Messier catalog, and its gravity is enough to twist and distort other galaxies nearby.

It is also one of the closest galaxies to active galactic nuclei (AGNs).

These active galaxies are among the brightest objects in the universe, emitting light in many if not all wavelengths, from gamma rays and X-rays to microwaves and radio waves.

But Messier 77's accretion disk is hidden by a thick cloud of dust and gas, despite being a popular target for astronomers.

Several light-years in diameter, the outer accretion disk is dotted with hundreds of different water maser sources that have been hinting at deeper structures for decades.

Masers are clear beacons of electromagnetic radiation that shine at microwave or radio wavelengths. In radio astronomy, water masers, observed at a frequency of 22 GHz, are particularly useful because they can shine through many of the dusts and gases that block the wavelengths of light.

Bucknell University astronomer Jack Gallimore and his colleagues began observing Messier 77 with two goals in mind: astronomical mapping of the galaxy's radio continuum and measuring the polarization of water masers.

“Messier 77 is a bit of a VIP among active galaxies,” says Dr. CM Violette Impellizzeri, an astronomer at the Leiden Observatory.

“There's an accretion disk right next to the black hole, and it's unusually powerful. And because it's so close, it's been studied in great detail.”

But the study authors looked at Messier 77 in an entirely new way.

Their observations were recently upgraded High sensitivity array (HSA) consists of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, the Very Long Baseline Array, and NSF's NRAO telescope at the Green Bank Telescope.

By measuring the water maser's polarization and the continuous radio emission from Messier 77, they reveal the compact radio source, now known as NGC 1068*, and the mysterious extended structure of the fainter emission. I created a map to

Mapping the astronomical distribution of galaxies and their water masers reveals that they are spread along structural filaments.

“These new observations reveal that the maser spot filaments are actually arranged like beads on a string,” Dr. Gallimore said.

“We were stunned to see that there was an apparent offset, or displacement angle, between the radio continuum, which describes the structure of the galaxy's core, and the position of the maser itself.”

“The configuration is unstable, so we're probably looking at a magnetically ejected source.”

Measuring the polarization of these water masers with HSA revealed significant evidence of a magnetic field.

“No one has ever seen polarization in water masers outside of our galaxy,” Dr. Gallimore said.

“Similar to the loop structures seen as prominences on the Sun's surface, the polarization patterns of these water masers clearly indicate that there is also a magnetic field at the root of these light-year-scale structures.”

“Looking at the filaments and making sure the polarization vector is perpendicular to the filaments is key to confirming that they are magnetically driven structures. It's exactly what you expected. It’s a thing.”

Previous studies of the region have suggested patterns, usually related to magnetic fields, but such conclusions were until recently beyond the scope of observational techniques.

The discovery reveals evidence for a compact central radio source (the galaxy's supermassive black hole), distinct polarization of water masers indicating structure within Messier 77's magnetic field, and spectacular extended signatures across the radio frequency continuum. It became.

Taken together, these findings indicate that magnetic fields are the underlying driving force for these phenomena.

However, many mysteries remain. For example, within the radio continuum map there is a diffuse, faint protrusion that the team has dubbed the foxtail foxtail, extending northward from the central region.

“When we set out on this, we said to ourselves, 'Let's really push the limits and see if we can get good continuum and polarization data,' and those goals were both It was a success,” Dr. Gallimore said.

“Using the NSF NRAO High Sensitivity Array, we detected the polarization of a water megamaser for the first time. We also created a very surprising continuum map, which we are still trying to understand.”

a paper The results will be explained today. Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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Jack F. Gallimore others. 2024. Discovery of polarized water vapor megamaser emission in molecular accretion disks. APJL 975, L9; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad864f

Source: www.sci.news

New images of Messier 83 captured by the Dark Energy Camera reveal unexpected discoveries

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The spiral arm of Messier 83, one of the most prominent spiral galaxies in the night sky, exhibits a high rate of star formation, with six supernovae observed, according to astronomers at NSF’s NOIRLab.

This DECam image shows the spiral galaxy Messier 83. Image credits: CTIO / NOIRLab / DOE / NSF / AURA / TA Chancellor, University of Alaska Anchorage & NSF NOIRLab / D. de Martin, NSF NOIRLab / M. Zamani, NSF NOIRLab.

Messier 83 is located approximately 15 million light-years away in the southern constellation Hydra.

The galaxy, also known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, M83, NGC 5236, LEDA 48082, and UGCA 366, has a diameter of about 50,000 light-years, making it about twice smaller than the Milky Way.

With an apparent magnitude of 7.5, it is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the night sky. May is the best month to observe with binoculars.

Messier 83 is oriented almost completely face-on from Earth, meaning astronomers can observe its spiral structure in great detail.

This galaxy is a prominent member of a group of galaxies known as the Centaurus A/M83 group, which also counts dusty NGC 5128 and irregular galaxy NGC 5253 as members.

It was discovered on February 23, 1752 by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille.

“Between 1750 and 1754, the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille studied the night sky with the purpose of determining distances to planets,” NOIRLab astronomers said.

“During this period, he observed and cataloged 10,000 stars and identified 42 nebular objects, including Messier 83, which he discovered during an expedition to the Cape of Good Hope in 1752.”

“In 1781, Charles Messier added it to his famous catalog and described it as a ‘starless nebula’, reflecting the limited knowledge of galaxies at the time.”

“It wasn’t until the 20th century, thanks to the work of Edwin Hubble, that astronomers realized that objects like Messier 83 were actually in another galaxy far outside the Milky Way.”

New images of Messier 83 dark energy camera (DECam), mounted on NSF’s Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope at the Cerro Tororo Inter-American Observatory, a program of the NSF NOIRLab.

“This image shows Messier 83’s distinct spiral arms filled with clouds of pink hydrogen gas where new stars are forming,” the astronomers said.

“Interspersed between these pink regions are bright blue clusters of hot young stars whose ultraviolet radiation has blown away the surrounding gas.”

“At the center of the galaxy, a yellow central bulge is made up of old stars, and weak bars connect spiral arms through the center, funneling gas from the outer regions toward the center.”

“DECam’s high sensitivity captures Messier 83’s extended halo and the countless more distant galaxies in the background.”

“Just as Messier 83 is filled with millions of newly formed stars, this galaxy is also home to many dying stars,” they added.

“Over the past century, astronomers have witnessed a total of six stellar explosions called supernovae in Messier 83. Only two other galaxies can match this number.”

In 2006, astronomers discovered a mysterious feature at the center of Messier 83.

“At the center of this galaxy, we discovered a never-before-seen concentration of mass similar to a secondary nucleus, likely the remains of another galaxy being consumed by Messier 83 in an ongoing collision. , likely the same collision that caused the starburst activity,’ the researchers said.

“The two nuclei, which likely contain the black hole, are expected to coalesce into a single nucleus in another 60 million years.”

Source: www.sci.news

New and surprising images of Messier 90 captured by Hubble

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Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have obtained a surprising new perspective of the intermediate spiral galaxy Messier 90.

This Hubble image shows Messier 90, an intermediate spiral galaxy located 53.8 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credits: NASA / ESA / Hubble / D. Tilker / J. Lee / PHANGS-HST team.

Messier 90 is located approximately 53.8 million light years away in the constellation Virgo.

This spiral galaxy, also known as M90 or NGC 4569, was discovered by French astronomer Charles Messier on March 18, 1781.

Messier 90 is the brightest member of this bunch. Virgo Cluster is a group of about 1,300, sometimes up to 2,000 galaxies.

This galaxy is remarkable, as it is one of the few galaxies that appear to be moving toward the Milky Way, rather than away from it.

“In 2019, images of Messier 90 Hubble's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) was imaged in 1994, shortly after the camera was installed,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“That image has a distinctive stair-step pattern due to the layout of WFPC2's sensor.”

“WFPC2 was replaced in 2010. wide field camera 3 (WFC3),” they added.

“Hubble used WFC3 in 2019 and again in 2023 when it switched caliber to Messier 90.”

“We processed the resulting data to create this surprising new image, providing a more detailed view of the galaxy's dusty disk, gaseous halo, and bright center.”

“The inner region of the Messier-90 disk is a site of star formation, highlighted here by red H-alpha light from the nebula, which is absent in other parts of the galaxy,” the astronomers said.

“Messier 90 is located within a relatively nearby galaxy in the Virgo cluster, and its orbit followed an orbit close to the cluster's center about 300 million years ago.”

“The gas density in the inner cluster weighed down on Messier 90 like a strong headwind, stripping enormous amounts of gas from the galaxy and creating the diffuse halo we see here around the galaxy.”

“This gas will no longer be available for Messier 90 to form new stars, resulting in its eventual demise as a spiral galaxy.”

“Its trajectory through the Virgo Cluster has accelerated so much that it is on the verge of escaping the cluster altogether, and coincidentally it is moving in our direction. Other galaxies in the Virgo Cluster are also moving in our direction. They have been measured at similar speeds, but in opposite directions.''

“Over billions of years to come, we will get a better view of Messier 90 as it evolves into a lenticular galaxy.”

Source: www.sci.news

Webb discovers unseen elements of Messier 106

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NASA has released a stunning new image of the active center of nearby spiral galaxy Messier 106, taken with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope.

This Webb image shows Messier 106, a spiral galaxy 20 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. Image courtesy of NASA / ESA / CSA / Webb / J. Glenn.

Located more than 20 million light years from Earth in the small northern constellation Canes Venatici, Messier 106 is one of the brightest spiral galaxies and closest to our Milky Way Galaxy.

Also known as M106 or NGC 4258, the galaxy was discovered in 1781 by Charles Messier's observational assistant, Pierre Méchain.

“Despite its name, Messier 106 was neither discovered nor catalogued by the famous 18th century astronomer Charles Messier,” astronomers Webb said in a statement.

“This galaxy was discovered by his assistant Pierre Méchain, but was not catalogued during his lifetime.”

“Messier 106, along with six other objects they discovered but did not record, Messier Catalogue In the 20th century.”

Messier 106 is similar in size and brightness to our galactic neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy.

Messier 106 measures more than 130,000 light-years from end to end, but because of its great distance from the Milky Way galaxy, it appears very small from Earth's perspective.

At the center of Messier 106 lies an extremely active supermassive black hole with a mass about 40 million times that of the Sun.

Unlike the black hole at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, which only occasionally sucks in gas particles, Messier 106's black hole is actively consuming material.

“As the gas spirals toward Messier 106's black hole, it heats up and emits powerful radiation,” the astronomers said.

New images of Messier 106 Webb's near infrared camera (NIRCam).

“The observations were made as part of a dedicated program to study active galactic nuclei – luminous central regions of galaxies dominated by light emitted by dust and gas falling into a black hole,” the researchers said.

“The blue areas in this image reflect the distribution of stars throughout the central region of the galaxy.”

“Orange areas indicate warmer dust, while more intense reds represent cooler dust.”

“The blue-green, green and yellow tones near the center of the image represent the various gas distributions across the region.”

Messier 106 also has a notable feature: it has two “unusual” extra arms that are visible in radio and x-ray wavelengths, rather than visible light.

“Unlike normal arms, these are made up of hot gas rather than stars,” the scientists said.

“Astronomers think these extra arms are the result of black hole activity, a feedback effect that has been seen in other galaxies.”

“These could be caused by outflows of material produced by the violent churning of gas around the black hole, creating a phenomenon similar to waves rushing out of the ocean when they hit rocks near the shore.”

Source: www.sci.news

Astronomers observe massive flare emitted by Messier 82 magnetar

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Using sensitive instruments aboard ESA’s International Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory (Integral) mission, astronomers GRB231115A Taken from the center of Messier 82 (M82, NGC 3034, or the Cigar Galaxy). Messier 82 (M82, NGC 3034, or Cigar Galaxy) is a starburst irregular galaxy located 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. They say the spectral and timing characteristics of GRB 231115A, as well as the lack of X-ray and optical observations and gravitational wave signals several hours after the event, indicate that this outburst was the result of a giant flare from a magnetar. Suggests. They conclude that starburst galaxies like Messier 82, which are known to produce magnetars, could be promising targets for studying giant flares.

On November 15, 2023, Integral detected a burst of gamma rays that lasted just one-tenth of a second. The detection was sent to the Integral Science Data Center, where software determined it came from the nearby galaxy Messier 82. A small square on Integral's map indicates the location of the burst. Blue circles on the two cropped images indicate corresponding locations. Image credit: ESA / Integral / XMM-Newton / INAF / TNG / M. Rigoselli, INAF.

Giant flares are short explosive events that release very large amounts of energy as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).

Only three such flares have been observed from magnetars in our Milky Way galaxy and the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud in the past roughly 50 years.

Observations of giant flares from distant magnetars are hampered by the fact that at long distances it is difficult to identify the source of the energy burst.

“Some young neutron stars have very strong magnetic fields, more than 10,000 times stronger than a typical neutron star. These are called magnetars. They emit energy as flares, and sometimes these flares can be huge,” said ESA astronomer Dr. Ashley Climes.

“However, in the past 50 years of gamma-ray observations, huge flares from our galaxy's magnetars have only been observed three times.”

“These explosions are extremely powerful. The explosion detected in December 2004 came from 30,000 light-years away from us, but was still powerful enough to affect the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere. It's like a solar flare coming from much closer to us.

“The flare detected by Integral is the first confirmation of the existence of a magnetar outside the Milky Way,” said Dr. Sandro Meleghetti, an astronomer at the National Institute of Astrophysics.

“We suspect that some of the other 'short gamma-ray bursts' revealed by Integral and other satellites are also giant flares from magnetars.”

“This discovery will begin the search for other extragalactic magnetars. If we can find more stars, we will be able to understand how often these flares occur and how the stars lose energy in the process. We can begin to understand that,” Dr. Cromes said.

“However, such short-lived explosions can only be caught by chance if the observatory is already pointing in the right direction,” said Dr. Jan-Uwe Ness, a scientist at the Integral project.

“This makes Integral, with its wide field of view more than 3,000 times the area of ​​the sky covered by the Moon, extremely important for these detections.”

“Messier 82 is a bright galaxy in which star formation occurs,” the authors said.

“In these regions, massive stars are born, live short, turbulent lives, and leave behind neutron stars.”

“The discovery of magnetars in this region confirms that magnetars are likely young neutron stars.”

“The search for additional magnetars will continue in other star-forming regions to understand these extraordinary objects.”

of findings It was published in the magazine Nature.

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S. Meleghetti other. A giant magnetar flare in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. Nature, published online March 7, 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07285-4

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble marks its 34th anniversary with stunning images of Messier 76

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Messier 76also known as M76, NGC 650/651, or the Little Dumbbell Nebula, is a planetary nebula located approximately 3,400 light-years away in the northern constellation of Perseus.

This Hubble image shows Messier 76, a planetary nebula about 3,400 light-years away in the constellation Perseus. Image credit: NASA/ESA/STScI.

Since its launch in 1990, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has made 1.6 million observations of more than 53,000 celestial objects.

To date, the Space Telescope Science Institute's Mikulski Space Telescope Archive contains 184 terabytes of processed data.

Since 1990, 44,000 scientific papers have been published from Hubble observations.

Hubble is the most scientifically productive space astrophysics mission in NASA history.

Demand for the use of Hubble is so high that it is currently oversubscribed by a factor of 6 to 1.

Most of Hubble's discoveries, such as supermassive black holes, exoplanet atmospheres, gravitational lensing by dark matter, the presence of dark energy, and the abundance of interstellar planet formation, were not anticipated before launch.

To commemorate the 34th anniversary of Hubble's launch, astronomers took a snapshot of the planetary nebula Messier 76.

“Messier 76 is located approximately 3,400 light-years away in the northern constellation of Perseus,” Hubble astronomers said.

“It is classified as a planetary nebula, an expanding shell of glowing gas ejected from a dying red giant star. The star will eventually collapse into a super-dense, hot white dwarf.”

“Although planetary nebulae are not related to planets, they got their name because astronomers in the 1700s using low-power telescopes thought these types of objects resembled planets.”

“Messier 76 consists of a ring that is visible head-on as a central bar structure and two lobes located at openings on either side of the ring. Before burning out, the star ejected a ring of gas and dust. ”

“This ring was probably formed by the influence of a star that once had a binary companion.”

“This sloughed off material formed a thick disk of dust and gas along the orbital plane of the companion star.”

“The hypothetical companion star is not seen in the Hubble image, so it may have been later swallowed by the central star.”

“The host star has collapsed to form a white dwarf,” the researchers said.

“It is one of the hottest stellar remnants known, at a scorching 139,000 degrees Celsius (250,000 degrees Fahrenheit), 24 times the surface temperature of the Sun.”

“The blazing white dwarf is visible pinpointed in the center of the nebula. The stars visible projected beneath it are not part of the nebula.”

“Sandwiched by the disk, two clumps of hot gas escape from above and below the 'belt' along the star's axis of rotation perpendicular to the disk.”

“They are propelled by hurricane-like outflows of material from dying stars, tearing apart space at 2 million miles per hour.”

“That's fast enough to travel from Earth to the Moon in just over seven minutes.”

“This intense stellar wind is channeling cooler, slower-moving gas that was ejected during the star's early stages of life, when it was a red giant.”

“Intense ultraviolet radiation from superhot stars makes the gas glow. The red color is due to nitrogen, and the blue color is due to oxygen.”

“Given that our solar system is 4.6 billion years old, according to cosmological timekeeping, the entire nebula is a fleeting event. It will disappear in about 15,000 years.”

Source: www.sci.news

Webb delves into the mysterious depths of Messier 82

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Astronomers using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope discovered the central starburst of Messier 82 (M82, NGC 3034, or Cigar Galaxy), a starburst irregular galaxy 12 million light-years away in the constellation A new image of the area was taken. of Ursa Major.

Messier 82 was observed by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in 2006, showing a spiral disk, shredded clouds, and hot hydrogen gas right next to the galaxy. The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope observed the center of Messier 82, capturing the structure of the galactic wind in unprecedented detail and revealing the characteristics of individual stars and star clusters. Image credits: NASA / ESA / CSA / Hubble / Webb / STScI / A. Bolatto, UMD.

Messier 82 is located approximately 12 million light years away. It can be seen high in the northern sky in spring, in the direction of Ursa Major in the north.

First discovered by German astronomer Johann Erath Bode in 1774, this galaxy is approximately 40,000 light-years in diameter.

Messier 82 is also called the Cigar Galaxy because of its elongated elliptical shape caused by the tilt of its star-like disk with respect to our line of sight.

This galaxy is famous for its unusually high rate of new star formation, with stars being born 10 times faster than the Milky Way.

Astronomer Alberto Borat and his colleagues at the University of Maryland led Webb's research. NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) We will aim our instrument at the center of Messier 82 to closely observe the physical conditions that promote the formation of new stars.

“Messier 82 is thought to be the prototype of a starburst galaxy and has attracted a variety of observations over the years,” Borat said.

“Both the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope have observed this target. With Webb's size and resolution, we can observe this star-forming galaxy and see all of this beautiful new detail.”

“Star formation remains a mystery because it is shrouded by a curtain of dust and gas, which poses an obstacle to observing this process.”

“Fortunately, Webb's ability to see into the infrared can help us navigate these ambiguous situations.”

“Furthermore, these NIRCam images of the center of the starburst were obtained using instrumental mode, which prevents very bright light sources from overwhelming the detector.”

“Even in this infrared image, dark brown dust tendrils are visible throughout Messier 82's bright white core, but Webb's NIRCam has revealed a level of detail that was historically hidden.”

“If you look closely toward the center, small green specks indicate areas of concentrated iron, most of which are supernova remnants.”

“The small red spots indicate regions where hydrogen molecules are illuminated by radiation from nearby young stars.”

“This image shows the Webb's force,” said Dr. Rebecca Levy, an astronomer at the University of Arizona.

“All the white dots in this image are stars or star clusters. We can start to distinguish between all of these small point sources, which will allow us to get an accurate count of all the star clusters in this galaxy. Masu.”

If you look at Messier 82 at slightly longer infrared wavelengths, you'll see clumpy tendrils, shown in red, extending up and down the galactic plane. These gaseous streamers are galactic winds blowing out from the starburst's center.

One of the research team's areas of focus was understanding how this galactic wind, caused by rapid star formation and subsequent supernovae, originates and affects the surrounding environment.

By resolving Messier 82's central region, astronomers were able to investigate where the winds originate and gain insight into how hot and cold components interact in the wind. .

Webb's NIRCam instrument was well-suited to tracking the structure of the galactic wind via radiation from sooty chemical molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

PAHs can be thought of as very small dust particles that survive at low temperatures but are destroyed at high temperatures.

Much to the team's surprise, Webb's observations about PAH emissions highlight previously unknown fine structures in the galactic wind.

This emission, depicted as a red filament, moves away from the central region where the center of star formation is located.

Another unexpected finding was the similarity between the structure of the PAH emission and the structure of the hot ionized gas.

“It was unexpected that the release of PAHs resembled ionized gases,” Dr. Borat said.

“PAHs are not thought to survive very long when exposed to such strong radiation fields, so they are probably constantly being replenished.”

“This casts doubt on our theory and indicates the need for further investigation.”

team's paper will be published in astrophysical journal.

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Alberto D. Borat other. 2024. Observation of starbursts by JWST: Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the root of the M 82 galactic wind. APJ, in press. arXiv: 2401.16648

Source: www.sci.news

Recent Discovery of Messier 87 Black Hole Supports Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

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In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration resolved the central black hole of the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M 87), known as M87*, the first-ever event horizon-scale black hole. I reported the image. . In a new paper, astronomers present new images of M87* from data collected by the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), the Greenland Telescope, and several other instruments within the EHT. doing. These new images show the shadow of his M87* as predicted by general relativity. Interestingly, the peak brightness of the ring is shifted by about 30 degrees compared to the first image. This is consistent with the theoretical understanding of fluctuations due to turbulent matter around a black hole.

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration has released new images of M87* from observations taken in April 2018, one year after the first observations in April 2017. The new observations reveal a familiar bright luminescent ring, the same size as the one originally observed. The brightest part of the ring has moved about 30 degrees to the 5 o'clock position compared to the 2017 image. Image credit: EHT Collaboration.

“A fundamental requirement of science is to be able to reproduce results,” says Dr. Keiichi Asada, an astronomer at the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica.

“The confirmation of the ring in a completely new data set is a major milestone for our collaboration and a strong indication that we are observing the shadow of a black hole and the matter orbiting around it. .”

An image of M87* taken in 2018 is strikingly similar to what astronomers saw in 2017.

They see bright rings of the same size, with a dark central area and one side of the ring brighter than the other.

Because M87*'s mass and distance do not increase appreciably over a human lifetime, general relativity predicts that the diameter of the ring will remain the same from year to year.

The diameter stability measured in the 2017-2018 images strongly supports the conclusion that M87* is well described by general relativity.

“One of the remarkable properties of a black hole is that its radius strongly depends on only one quantity: its mass,” said Dr. Nitika Yadrapalli-Yurku, a postdoctoral fellow at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

“M87* is not a material that gains mass rapidly, so according to general relativity, its radius will change little throughout human history. We see our data confirm this prediction. That's very interesting.”

Although the size of the black hole's shadow did not change between 2017 and 2018, the location of the brightest region around the ring changed significantly.

The bright area rotated about 30 degrees counterclockwise and settled in the lower right part of the ring, at about the 5 o'clock position.

Historical observations of M87* with less sensitive arrays and a small number of telescopes also show that the shadow structure changes from year to year, but with low precision.

Although the 2018 EHT array cannot yet observe jets emerging from M87*, the black hole's axis of rotation predicted from the location of the brightest region around the ring is more consistent with the axis of jets seen at other wavelengths. Masu.

“The biggest change is that the brightness peak has moved around the ring, which is actually the first time in 2019 that “This is what we predicted when we announced the results.”

“According to general relativity, the size of the ring should remain approximately constant, but radiation from the turbulent and messy accretion disk around the black hole causes the brightest parts of the ring to move toward a common center. It wobbles around you.”

“The amount of wobble observed over time can be used to test theories about the magnetic field and plasma environment around the black hole.”

of new results appear in the diary astronomy and astrophysics.

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Collaboration with Event Horizon Telescope. 2024. The persistent shadow of M 87's supermassive black hole. I. Observation, Calibration, Imaging, and Analysis. A&A 681, A79; doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347932

Source: www.sci.news