How Solar Farms on Restored Peatland Enhance Wildlife Habitat

Meadow Pipit in a solar park in northern Germany

Meadow Pipit in a Solar Park on Peatland in Northern Germany

Watt Manufacturer

Solar farms established on rewetted peatlands host a greater diversity of bird species compared to adjacent dry farmlands. This indicates that renewable energy sites can be advantageous for landowners, helping to sequester carbon while simultaneously boosting biodiversity.

Peatlands are recognized as the largest carbon reservoirs on earth, containing twice the carbon of all global forests. Yet, extensive peatland areas are drained for agriculture or mined for horticultural materials. In Germany, 95% of peatlands are degraded, while 80% of these ecologically vital areas are similarly compromised in the UK.

When peatlands are drained via ditches or pumps, microorganisms initiate the decomposition of the ancient carbon stored in these ecosystems, releasing carbon dioxide over extended periods.

A German state-funded research initiative is currently exploring the potential of solar farms to accelerate peatland restoration.

“We can’t merely resort to conservation strategies,” explains Hannah Ray Martens, who conducted research at the University of Greifswald in Germany. “Numerous individuals depend on this land for their livelihood.”

At the study location, the solar energy firm Watt Manufacturing began constructing a sand and gravel road in 2020, which obstructed the drainage ditches’ flow, permitting water to accumulate on farmland and gradually return to the peatland.

Mertens notes that this research is the first to assess the impact of solar installations on rewetted peatlands, revealing positive outcomes for biodiversity.

“The prevailing concern is habitat destruction; however, this does not apply here,” she states. “New habitats have emerged for various species, including endangered and wetland species, thereby enhancing overall landscape biodiversity.”

The species richness observed in the 30-hectare solar park is comparable to that found in two nearby fields regularly harvested for hay. However, audio recorders revealed that the solar park is inhabited by both wetland and woodland bird species, while the hayfield was dominated by grassland birds, such as the European goldfinch.

Wetland species, including the white wagtail, great bunting, and blue heron, were recorded at the solar park, alongside forest inhabitants like the sparrow and buzzard. The solar panels were seen to replace shrubs and small trees, with birds such as buzzards and kestrels perching on them to hunt for rodents in the grass below.

The research team also documented a meadow pipit, a small brown-striped species that is endangered in Germany, perched on one of the panels.

Mr. Mertens suggests that rewetting peatlands, utilizing solar panels as perches, and limiting mowing have contributed to attracting various bird species. However, further studies are needed to compare the biodiversity of these solar-augmented peatlands against rewetted peatlands without solar development, according to Katherine Waite from Cambridge University.

“Peat Land PV” [photovoltaics]… could present a highly effective method to revitalize severely degraded agricultural peatlands, although its applicability should not extend to healthy peatlands elsewhere,” she cautions.

Despite the UK restoring approximately 2,500 square kilometers of peatland—a mere one-tenth of the total degraded area—Germany has restored even fewer peatlands. The ongoing emissions from drained peatlands persist for many years; therefore, several of the 165 solar power plants installed on degraded peatlands in Germany are inadvertently emitting more greenhouse gases than the carbon-free energy they generate.

In contrast to agricultural energy production, which maintains grazing and crop cultivation surrounding solar installations, peatland solar energy currently only generates revenue through electricity sales. The Watt Manufacturer Solar Park is one of only five projects located on wet peatlands. Solar developers often face increased expenses because they must install deeper foundations and wait for the summer dry season to commence construction.

Since 2023, Germany has prohibited solar facilities on degraded peatlands from receiving guaranteed minimum electricity pricing, although developers do not always have to disclose whether their projects are situated on drained peatlands.

Waite believes additional government incentives will be pivotal for the growth of peatland solar initiatives. “To tackle both global warming and the biodiversity crisis, alongside our food production needs, we must manage land sustainably to yield multiple benefits,” she asserts. “A win-win scenario is essential.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

‘It Felt Like Traveling Back in Time’: Afghans Share Their Relief as Internet Service is Restored

As the sun set on Wednesday, the streets surrounding Kabul, the Afghan capital, suddenly became bustling with activity.


With phones firmly pressed to their ears, Afghans spilled into the streets of Kabul, eager to see if others were online.

“Great news, the internet is back!” shouted a driver, as children received balloons and parents bought sweets to celebrate, gathering at nearby restaurants.

For 48 hours, the Afghan population had been cut off from mobile and internet services due to unexpected telecommunications shutdowns ordered by the authorities.

“It felt like we were transported back in time, contemplating sending letters to stay connected with family,” shared Mohammad Rafi, 33, a mobile phone store owner.

“The streets were deserted, resembling a holiday atmosphere, even during weekdays. But now, they’re lively again, even in the evening.”




Men attempt to connect their smart TV to the internet. Photo: Sayed Hassib/Reuters

Sohrab Ahmadi, a 26-year-old delivery driver, struggled for two days without being able to reach his clients through the app he relies on.

Now, bikes line the streets, picking up orders from restaurants adorned with bright neon signs and juice vendors playing music. “It feels like Eid al-Adah, like preparing for prayer,” he remarked.




The communications tower is slowly restoring its services after nearly three days offline. Photo: Samiullah Popal/EPA

The streets also saw a noticeable rise in the number of women facing severe limitations imposed by the Taliban regime, including a prohibition on education beyond primary school.

“I can’t describe how relieved I am. I’m finally able to breathe again,” said a young woman attending online classes, who requested anonymity. “These online lessons are our last hope.”

The UN has warned that the disruption in connectivity poses risks to economic stability, worsening one of the most dire humanitarian crises globally.

The Taliban government has yet to address the issue of the internet blackout.




An Afghan woman walks past a beauty salon in the capital. Photo: Ali Kara/Reuters

This suspension occurred shortly after the government announced plans to cut high-speed internet in certain regions to curb “immorality.”

Attaura Zaid, a spokesman for Balkh province, confirmed that the ban was initiated by Taliban shadow leader Hibatura Ahnzada.

During the Taliban’s initial rule from 1996 to 2001, the internet was still a relatively new and developing technology.




Kabul street vendors will communicate via phone once services resume. Photo: Sayed Hassib/Reuters

However, in recent years, the economy has increasingly depended on internet access. Even in rural areas, many Afghans utilize their mobile phones for business transactions.

“The world has moved forward. This isn’t like thirty years ago,” remarked Ghulam Rabbani, a mobile credit vendor who was surrounded by shops on Wednesday night. “We anticipated the internet’s return. The outage affected everyone, including the government.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Britain’s greatness can only be restored if we cease selling top companies to America, says Will Hutton.

TThere's a lot to admire about America here. Some 200 years ago, the great French social observer Alexis de Tocqueville extolled the legacy of our Puritan founders: their commitment to civic virtue, individual self-improvement, and hard work.

Those characteristics are still evident today, but darker features have also appeared alongside them. The United States, which was a 20th century hegemon and still firmly adhered to democracy, has changed. It has transformed into an imperial power indifferent to democracy but willing to demand economic tribute from its vassals.

No country has been more a vassal state of the United States than Britain. This evolution is laid out in an eye-opening book. Vassal States: What happened to America? running around uk. President Donald Trump's impending inauguration, accompanied by threats to impose tariffs and lower commitments to NATO unless client nations further comply with his wishes, has shaken Western capitals. But as author Angus Hunton carefully documents, this is nothing new. The United States has maintained an America First policy for decades. President Trump is only elevating a long-standing phenomenon. Changing this situation will require more than appointing the crooked Lord Mandelson as British ambassador to the United States. It's about recognizing what's going on and then fighting fire with fire. It's time to put Britain first.

Mr Hunton writes that 25% of the UK's GDP is made up of the sales of the 1,256 US multinational companies operating in the UK. This includes breakfast cereals, soft drinks, car manufacturing, taxis, food delivery, online shopping, travel, coffee, social media, and entertainment (Kellogg, Coca-Cola, Ford, Uber, Deliveroo, Amazon, Expedia, Starbucks, X) This includes everyday areas such as: , Netflix) – knowledge-intensive sectors ranging from data (Apple, Meta/Facebook, Google, Microsoft) to finance (Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, BlackRock). Every time he unpacks the statistics and scope of exploitative control, it's dizzying.

Because this is not benign. The UK is so blind to the negative aspects of loss of control, from tax avoidance to the stripping of strategic skills, that it is surprising that, as Mr Hunton writes, politicians are unable to control this process. He cheerfully praises the city for being “open for business.'' Thus, over the past two decades there has been a tsunami of takeovers of great British technology companies by US companies and private equity firms. For example, the groundbreaking artificial intelligence company DeepMind is now owned by Google. Cyberspace pioneer Darktrace was recently acquired by US private equity firm Thoma Bravo, and biotechnology company Abcam was acquired by Washington DC-based Danaher. Spend $12.7 billion on Cambridge University companies Even in 2024 alone. At Oxford University, the newly established luxury Ellison Institute, funded by Oracle founder Larry Ellison, is poised to launch a U.S.-like attack on its intellectual property, spinouts and startups. There are concerns that there may be.

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Some decision-making and research will remain in the UK, but Mr Hunton has observed that post-acquisition headquarters have increasingly moved to the US. We bid farewell to our significant presence in space as Inmarsat was acquired by California's Viasat and the UK was downgraded from a potential tier 1 space power to tier 3. High-tech 3D printer Meggitt has transitioned to Cleveland-based Parker Hannifin (along with Chobham and Ultra, part of what was a defense and aerospace “crown jewel” identified by the U.S. International Trade Administration in 2019) However, it is now entirely US-owned), and Worldpay, which was spun out from NatWest, is now headquartered in Cincinnati. Not only was important intellectual property lost, Hunton reported. Immigration makes cities across the United States more prosperous, something the British can only dream of in terms of geographic equity.

Technology entrepreneur and financier Hermann Hauser is the co-founder of Arm, currently listed in New York, which started its operations in the UK and is now our third largest listed company. However, he writes that there are three litmus tests for technology acquisitions. We still control British technology. Is there access from other countries? If not, are UK sellers guaranteed unrestricted and secure access? If the answer to all three is no, then there is a risk of becoming a new client state for these tech giants. And a new kind of colonialism could be happening.'' It's happening while we're watching.

Next is the US attitude towards taxes. The tax departments of US multinational corporations are seen as profit centers, selling to the UK from low-tax Ireland, channeling profits through tax havens often controlled by the UK, or through transfer pricing. Taxes are averaged using all available means, including artificially lowering profits in the UK. It represents only 5% of profits. If the effective tax rate on profits alone, as we know it, was just 15%, Britain would be at least $10bn (£8bn) a year richer. The actual number will almost certainly be further halved. And if the UK dares to propose even modest amendments, such as the 2% digital services tax proposed in the 2018 budget, it will have to be withdrawn due to intense lobbying from the US government. You won't get any more.

What is so disappointing about this whole story is that if we had more courage and determination to put Britain first, we could be Europe's tech powerhouse, with a dynamic economy and a growing tax base. We have many of the necessary assets, from great universities to huge pools of risk capital, that have enabled us to fuel America's growth. Of course, the United States is a powerful magnet because of its size and dynamism, but not as much as we are spoiled.

Mr Hunton said that to fight back, the UK first needs to stop the decline in stocks, and the first step is to reduce both profitable US direct investment (starting business in the UK) and destructive US direct investment (very large numbers of (acquisitions of high-tech companies). intellectual property and their export to the United States). Second, the UK, like the US, must get serious about R&D and innovation and start building its own group of high-tech growth companies. Like Americans, we must invest in our college education, not ignore it. And we need to recognize that an effective counterattack means making common cause with Europe.

Amen, but the omens are not very good. Nigel Farage portrays himself as some sort of national savior, rather than being called out as a de facto US vassal aided primarily by a fifth column media seeking to strengthen our vassal state. are. The Labor government appointed Claire Barclay, CEO of Microsoft UK, as chair of the Industrial Strategy Council, while the BlackRock board met in Downing Street and received five-star treatment. Ta. There is little momentum for strengthening cooperation with the EU.

To be fair, the government's planned industrial strategy does show potential for a better direction. And the good thing about Trump's impending inauguration is that he embodies the essence of our vassal status. How about Make Britain Great Again instead? Progressive and wealthy donors – Dale Vince? Gary Lubner? Clive Cowdery? – Must ensure copies are sent to all MPs and peers. vassal state. Our true American friends will applaud us for trying to rebalance our relationships. After all, that's what they would do if the boots were reversed.

Will Hutton is a columnist for the Observer

Source: www.theguardian.com