Premature ejaculation is believed to affect one in three men.
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Recent preliminary results from a small randomized trial suggest that men dealing with premature ejaculation can enhance their control and prolong intercourse using a smartphone app.
Premature ejaculation (PE) is identified as the most common sexual dysfunction in men; studies estimate that it affects one in three men. While several treatment options exist, such as local anesthetics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), these often require continuous use and can come with side effects. Furthermore, medications must be taken shortly before sexual activity, which undermines spontaneity. “Current treatments do not resolve the issue,” explains Christer Groeben from the University of Heidelberg in Germany.
The app, named Melonga, offers a comprehensive curriculum crafted by psychologists and urologists that incorporates alertness training, pelvic floor muscle exercises, mindfulness techniques, and cognitive-behavioral strategies. Participants learn to identify the “point of no return” before ejaculation, employing techniques like breathing, relaxation, and start-stop methods to manage arousal. The program also promotes open communication with partners and addresses negative thought patterns using cognitive behavioral therapy.
In a trial, eighty men were randomly chosen to either use the app or receive no structured intervention over the first 12 weeks. Among the 66 men who finished the study, those who used the app increased their vaginal ejaculation latency from an average of 61 seconds to 125 seconds, showing noticeable improvements after just four weeks. The control group exhibited minimal changes.
Men who engaged with the app reported benefits such as improved relationship dynamics and enhanced sexual enjoyment due to prolonged activity. Despite the potential causes of premature ejaculation, like prostate or thyroid issues, the study focused on healthy participants to ensure accurate results.
During a presentation at the European Urological Association Congress in London, Groeben announced significant findings.
“Healthcare professionals often favor medications over simpler solutions,” said Giorgio Russo from the University of Catania, Italy, who was not associated with the study. “During a quick appointment, pills seem like the simplest option, but they are not necessarily what patients need. The app acts as a digital doctor, empowering men and their partners to understand premature ejaculation better.”
Russo highlighted that the app, developed by the Netherlands-based health startup Prognois, had a “dramatic” effect, with 22% of participants no longer fulfilling the criteria for premature ejaculation after its usage. “Even a one- to two-minute improvement can yield significant benefits,” he stated.
“Anxiety is a major factor contributing to premature ejaculation,” Russo added. “Exercises such as Kegels can help manage anxiety and enhance muscle control.” While various similar apps exist, none have been rigorously tested in controlled environments. One key advantage of a digital solution is privacy. “Many individuals avoid seeking medical assistance due to the stigma associated with waiting in a doctor’s office,” Groeben stated.
Discover the QuEra Quantum Computer Based on Cryogenic Atoms
Credit: Cuella
An innovative algorithm called phantom code has the potential to enable quantum computers to execute complex programs error-free, addressing a critical barrier to the broader adoption of quantum technology.
Initially, many physicists were skeptical about the viability of quantum computers due to their susceptibility to errors that are challenging to rectify. Various types of quantum computers are already operational and have shown promise in facilitating scientific research and exploration. Nevertheless, the industry is still grappling with the challenge of minimizing computational mistakes.
Traditional error correction techniques permit quantum computers to store information accurately, but their computational demands can be substantial. According to Shayan Majidi of Harvard University, this creates inefficiencies.
To tackle this issue, Majidi and his research team concentrated on complex calculations that require numerous steps, often resulting in prolonged execution times and heightened error risks.
Quantum computers utilize basic units known as qubits. These computations frequently involve logical qubits: clusters of qubits cooperating to lower error rates. In order to avoid computational inaccuracies, devices manipulate these logical qubits. For instance, physical qubits are usually subjected to lasers or microwaves to connect multiple logical qubits or alter their quantum states.
The phantom code innovation allows the entanglement of multiple logical qubits without necessitating any physical manipulations, hence its moniker “phantom.” This efficiency translates to fewer actions required for calculations, thereby diminishing the likelihood of errors.
In their experiments, Majidi and his colleagues ran computer simulations to evaluate the phantom code on two distinct tasks: preparing specialized qubit states that are essential for computations, and simulating simplified models of quantum materials. Their findings indicated that this method yielded results that were up to 100 times more accurate than conventional error correction methods by minimizing the need for physical operations.
While phantom codes may not be applicable to every quantum computing task, according to Majidi, they are particularly useful in scenarios that demand extensive entanglement. This method doesn’t generate new entanglements; instead, it optimally utilizes existing ones. As Majidi puts it, “It’s not a free lunch; it’s just a lunch that was already there, and we weren’t consuming it.”
Mark Howard, researchers at the University of Galway in Ireland, liken the selection of error-correcting codes for quantum computing to choosing protective armor. While plate armor may provide superior protection at the expense of weight and versatility, phantom code offers flexibility but requires more qubits compared to traditional strategies, making it a partial solution to quantum error challenges.
Dominic Williamson and his team at the University of Sydney in Australia point out that the competitive viability of phantom codes versus other error correction methods remains uncertain and may hinge on future advancements in quantum hardware.
Majidi’s team is collaborating closely with colleagues developing quantum computers based on extremely cold atoms. He envisions that insights gained from phantom code, along with an understanding of qubit capabilities, will pave the way for new strategies tailored specifically to both tasks and hardware implementations in quantum computing.
Optimize Your Sleep: Load Your Plate with Fiber and Plants
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Boosting your fiber intake can significantly enhance your sleep quality. Consuming a diverse array of fruits, vegetables, and nuts may help you fall asleep faster and experience deeper sleep. This finding emerges from the most comprehensive study to date examining how our dietary choices impact sleep quality.
“Incorporating more dietary fiber and a variety of plant-based foods is already recommended for overall health, poses minimal risks for most individuals, and may enhance sleep quality,” says Hagai Rothman at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.
While previous research indicated a relationship between fiber-rich, plant-based diets and improved sleep, those studies often relied on participants recalling meals from surveys, sometimes weeks or months later. Additionally, typical sleep measurements, usually obtained through movement trackers, struggle to differentiate between deep and light sleep, both vital for assessing sleep quality.
By analyzing sleep and dietary data from over 3,500 adults, averaging 53 years old and older, Rothman and his team offer the clearest insights yet. “Past research did not take into account this breadth of dietary and sleep variables,” notes Marie-Pierre Saint-Onge at Columbia University in New York City.
Participants documented their food intake using a mobile app immediately after meals over two consecutive days. At night, they wore a device approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for sleep tracking, equipped with sensors that monitored snoring, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, and breathing patterns.
These measurements allowed researchers to estimate the duration of different sleep stages: light sleep (N1 and N2), deep recovery (N3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep—where dreams occur.
The study employed a computational model to predict the effects of 25 dietary factors on nightly sleep quality while controlling for variables such as age, gender, caffeine consumption, and previous day’s dietary and sleep data. “By controlling for the previous day, we were able to explore how that day’s choices influenced sleep the following night,” Rothman explains.
Participants consuming more than the cohort average of 21 grams of fiber daily—a quantity comparable to about 2.5 cups of peas—often reported better sleep quality than those with below-average fiber intake. For instance, those with higher fiber intake spent 3.4% more time in deep sleep (N3) and 2.3% less time in light sleep, enhancing restorative sleep vital for a healthy brain and body, according to St. Onge.
Although the exact mechanism behind fiber’s effects remains uncertain, research indicates that gut bacteria ferment fiber into short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which alters gut-brain signaling, reducing inflammation and promoting deeper sleep, Rothman suggests.
Additionally, individuals with higher fiber intake exhibited slightly lower heart rates at night compared to those with lower levels. A lower nighttime heart rate generally signifies deeper rest and repair, easing the heart’s workload. “Even a one beat-per-minute difference [seen between high and low fiber groups] might seem minor, but persisting over years can substantially impact cardiovascular health,” emphasizes St. Onge.
Further analysis showed that those who consumed five or more plant-based foods daily fell asleep slightly faster and had lower heart rates during sleep compared to individuals eating fewer plant-based items. A wider variety of plants offers diverse vitamins, minerals, and beneficial molecules like polyphenols that contribute to reduced inflammation and promote a restful state, Rothman adds.
To verify these findings, further clinical trials are required, ideally conducted in sleep clinics where participants are randomly assigned to varying levels of fiber intake and consumption of a wider or narrower array of plant-based foods, St-Onge suggests.
Researchers from Korea University are paving the way for more efficient and cost-effective renewable energy generation by utilizing gold nanospheres designed to capture light across the entire solar spectrum.
Hung Lo et al. introduced plasmonic colloidal superballs as a versatile platform for broadband solar energy harvesting. Image credit: Hung Lo et al., doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c23149.
Scientists are exploring novel materials that efficiently absorb light across the solar spectrum to enhance solar energy harvesting.
Gold and silver nanoparticles have been identified as viable options due to their ease of fabrication and cost-effectiveness, yet current nanoparticles primarily absorb visible wavelengths.
To extend absorption into additional wavelengths, including near-infrared light, researcher Seungwoo Lee and colleagues from Korea University propose the innovative use of self-assembled gold superballs.
These unique structures consist of gold nanoparticles aggregating to form small spherical shapes.
The diameter of the superball was meticulously adjusted to optimize absorption of sunlight’s diverse wavelengths.
The research team first employed computer simulations to refine the design of each superball and predict the overall performance of the superball film.
Simulation outcomes indicated that the superball could absorb over 90% of sunlight’s wavelengths.
Next, the scientists created a film of gold superballs by drying a solution containing these structures on a commercially available thermoelectric generator, a device that converts light energy into electricity.
Films were produced under ambient room conditions—no cleanroom or extreme temperatures needed.
In tests using an LED solar simulator, the average solar absorption rate of the superball-coated thermoelectric generator reached approximately 89%, nearly double that of a conventional thermoelectric generator featuring a single gold nanoparticle membrane (45%).
“Our plasmonic superball offers a straightforward method to harness the entire solar spectrum,” said Dr. Lee.
“Ultimately, this coating technology could significantly reduce barriers for high-efficiency solar and photothermal systems in real-world energy applications.”
The team’s research is published in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.
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Ro Kyung Hoon et al.. 2026. Plasmonic Supraball for Scalable Broadband Solar Energy Generation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 18 (1): 2523-2537; doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c23149
As the new year begins, many individuals reassess their lives and goals. However, as one reader expressed, this journey often leads to confusion instead of clarity. “My New Year’s resolution is to feel fulfilled, but where do I begin?” he asked. “How can I find a new direction in life?”
Experiencing some frustration is entirely normal. Contrary to popular belief, there isn’t a universal shortcut to happiness. However, engaging in reflective exercises can help clarify your priorities and enhance your chances of identifying a rewarding path forward. Michaela C. Schippers and Niklas Ziegler from Erasmus University Rotterdam refer to this process as “life craft.” In their review of psychological research on uncovering meaning and purpose, they outline several actionable steps:
First, reflect on your values and passions. What activities bring you joy, and what legacy do you wish to leave? Next, assess your current skills and habits—what do you excel at now, and what would you like to cultivate in the future? Thirdly, evaluate your social connections: who uplifts you, and who drains your energy? Following that, contemplate your career aspirations, your ideal future, and your overarching goals. Lastly, consider your commitments—how can you take responsibility for your actions?
This comprehensive list encompasses both personal and professional realms, emphasizing social connection, a fundamental element of mental well-being. Acknowledging your existing capabilities boosts confidence in your ability to effect change, while identifying growth areas clarifies your future aspirations.
Schippers and Ziegler advocate for utilizing “implementation intentions” when setting goals. This strategy involves crafting a series of “if-then” plans to navigate potential challenges. For example, if you’ve determined that creativity is a core value and aspire to write a novel, you might commit to: “If I arrive home by 7 PM, then I will write for an hour before dinner.”
In the final phase of commitment, seek ways to increase accountability by sharing your goals with others. Research indicates that when students posted selfies along with written statements of their goals on social media, they were more likely to follow through.
Understand that discovering your path is a gradual process. You may revisit these exercises multiple times. Like any craft, enhancing your life requires continuous learning and dedication. Let’s embark on this journey in 2026.
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Michaéla C. Schippers and Niklas Ziegler’s insightful paper can be accessed for free at: doi.org/ghpv8q
Innovative quantum computers may enhance our ability to detect exoplanets and analyze their characteristics in unprecedented detail.
Astronomers have identified thousands of planets beyond our solar system, but they believe billions of exoplanets remain to be uncovered. This exploration is crucial for the search for extraterrestrial life, though the distance from Earth complicates direct observations.
Johannes Borregard and his team at Harvard University propose that quantum computing technology could dramatically streamline this endeavor.
Capturing images of exoplanets involves detecting their faint light signals, which diminish as they traverse vast cosmic distances. Additionally, these signals can be obscured by the light of nearby stars, creating additional challenges.
According to Borregard, his NASA colleagues illustrated the difficulty of this task, likening it to locating a single photon amidst a sea of light during telescope observations.
Traditional processing methods struggle with such weak signals. However, quantum computers can harness the quantum states of incoming photons, utilizing their unique properties to gather crucial data about exoplanets. This approach could transform what typically produces indistinct images or singular blurred points into clear visuals of distant worlds, revealing light-based markers of molecules present on these exoplanets.
The central concept of the team’s proposal suggests that light from an exoplanet interacts with a quantum computing device crafted from specially engineered diamond. This technology has already shown success in storing quantum states of photons. These states would then be transmitted to an advanced quantum computer designed to process and generate images of exoplanets. In their model, Borregard and his colleagues envision the second device utilizing ultracold atoms, which have demonstrated significant potential in recent experiments.
Research indicates that employing quantum devices in this manner could produce images using only one-hundredth, or even one-thousandth, of the photons needed in conventional methods. Essentially, in scenarios of extremely weak light, quantum systems could surpass existing technology.
“Since photons adhere to quantum mechanics principles, it is intuitive to explore quantum approaches for detecting and processing light from exoplanets,” notes Cosmolpo from the Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy. However, he acknowledges that realizing this proposal poses significant challenges, necessitating precise control over both quantum computers and effective coordination between them.
Borregard concurs, recognizing promising experimental advancements in employing diamond-based and cryogenic quantum computers. He highlights that establishing a connection between these systems is currently a focus for several research teams, including his own.
Lupo introduces another innovative strategy leveraging quantum light properties. Current initiatives utilizing quantum devices have already begun to observe stars in the Canis Minor constellation. “I am eager to witness the influence of quantum computing on imaging and astronomy in the future,” he states. “This new research represents a pivotal step in that direction.”
Discover Chile: The Global Hub of Astronomy
Immerse yourself in Chile’s astronomical wonders. Experience cutting-edge observatories and gaze at the stars beneath the world’s clearest skies.
To lead longer, healthier, and happier lives, we often hear advice like reducing sugar, exercising, quitting smoking, eating vegetables, taking supplements, managing stress, and getting quality sleep. However, one fun health tip remains overlooked: engaging in the arts.
Recent decades have highlighted the positive impact of creativity on overall health. Global initiatives are integrating arts into healthcare, showing remarkable outcomes: from music reducing the need for sedatives during surgeries to dance programs aiding Parkinson’s patients in walking.
Art isn’t just for illness recovery. Crafting, singing, acting, dancing, reading, writing, and painting promote well-being in our daily lives, regardless of our health concerns. In my upcoming book, Art Cure, I assert these activities qualify as “health behaviors,” akin to exercise, nutrition, and sleep. Discover how to incorporate more art into your life starting in 2026.
As an epidemiologist, analyzing cohort studies is part of my routine. These extensive datasets reveal the long-term benefits of art engagement on various health outcomes, collected from diverse populations worldwide.
The findings are compelling. Regular art participants report greater happiness and life satisfaction. Children engaged in the arts are less likely to face depression as they enter adolescence. Additionally, older adults attending cultural events significantly reduce their risk of developing depression over the next few years, as highlighted in this research: The risk of depression is nearly halved.
You may question whether art engagement impacts health independently from wealth or overall lifestyle. Advanced statistical methods account for such variables, including genetics and early life experiences, ensuring valid results still support the link between art and health.
These benefits extend beyond psychological health; children involved in musical activities develop better social skills as they transition to schooling. Conversely, fewer youths participate in artistic endeavors, increasing the risk of anti-social behavior. Furthermore, seniors attending cultural events have been shown to be 32% less likely to feel lonely after a decade.
Live Events: A Path to Enhanced Creativity
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The positive outcomes intensify with age. My research team at University College London analyzed data from around 100,000 individuals across 16 countries, finding that hobbies like gardening, baking, sewing, and journaling promote: Self-reported health improvements as we age. Engaging in these activities yields benefits such as enhanced balance, lower pain levels, improved sleep quality, better cognitive function, reduced frailty, and a lower risk of chronic diseases like diabetes. In fact, many studies reveal those involved in the arts could live longer compared to their less-engaged counterparts.
How do these surprising health benefits manifest? Psychological, social, and behavioral factors contribute, but intriguing biological mechanisms are emerging. Studies indicate regular art participants show lower blood pressure, heart rates, cholesterol levels, reduced inflammation, improved immune function, and lower body mass index.
Recent advancements in measuring biological age allow scientists to explore how healthy habits influence our aging process. Research combining data on cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory health, and gene expression patterns suggests that creatively engaging might keep us biologically younger. Individuals participating in dance, music, or visual arts often demonstrate more youthful brain characteristics.
It’s essential to clarify that engaging with art isn’t a cure-all. Factors like accessibility and misconceptions about its health benefits can limit participation. Nonetheless, evidence consistently indicates that dedicating time to enjoyable, creative activities is a valuable health investment for this year. Furthermore, promoting art is also altruistic; economists suggest that arts activities deliver over £18.6 billion in societal value annually.
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Artistic activities involving screens often serve as the ultra-processed foods of the art domain. “
So, how can we all enhance our artistic consumption in 2026? This question is explored throughout my upcoming book, Art Cure, which offers daily strategies for leveraging art to meet your health objectives. Think about art as you do food: don’t binge on it, as quick fixes yield short-lived benefits. Instead, find your equivalent to “5 servings a day” of fruits and vegetables. Dedicate just 10 minutes daily to creative writing or 15 minutes each evening to a craft. Effortlessly swap out activities; trade your dinner date for a live performance, replace gym workouts with dance classes, and read poetry on your commute instead of news articles.
Diversity in your artistic experiences is crucial; explore various creative forms to maximize health benefits. Each unique encounter offers different sensory joys and health advantages. Aim for a moderate level of novelty—something outside your norm but likely enjoyable. Make your artistic engagement genuine rather than virtual; screen-based activities can dilute the essence of art.
Lastly, be a mindful creator. In our fast-paced lives, it’s tempting to think of art as a quick solution. However, art’s beauty lies in its complexity and individuality. These rich and dynamic experiences should be afforded the time they deserve in our lives. Ultimately, art not only enhances our well-being but also evokes feelings of elation and upliftment, proving it is undeniably good for us.
This article is part of a series on simple changes you can implement to enhance your health in the coming year. Read the full series here
When neurons in the brain are active, they generate waste products.
Credit: Nick Veasey/Science Photo Library/Alamy
As we embrace the joy of the Christmas season, many are already thinking about detox plans for the new year, such as reducing movie watching or cutting back on alcohol. This leads to an interesting query: can we apply similar detox methods to our brains? After the festivities, how can we clear away any cognitive clutter?
The brain is naturally equipped to detoxify itself daily, flushing out accumulated metabolic waste that could be harmful. But can we assist in this vital process, potentially shielding ourselves from age-related cognitive decline and dementia?
Let’s delve into the glymphatic system, a newly uncovered pathway responsible for detoxification. This system effectively “sucks” away undesirable proteins and waste from the spaces between neurons, channeling them into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
“CSF circulates much like water in a dishwasher,” explains Maha Alattar from Virginia Commonwealth University.
This fluid systematically drains waste into lymph nodes, eventually allowing it to exit the body through the veins.
While the connection between the glymphatic and lymphatic systems is still not fully understood, researchers are increasingly focused on ways to optimize the glymphatic process. Enhancing this system could prove pivotal in combating cognitive decline and promoting healthy aging. Accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain is linked to symptoms such as declining cognitive function, increasing the risk of dementia and expediting Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
“The glymphatic system is fascinating,” says Nandakumar Narayanan from the University of Iowa Health Care. “Numerous innovative research efforts aim to better understand and quantify glymphatic functions, shedding light on human health and disease.”
Enhancing the Brain’s Waste Removal System
Are there ways we can enhance this waste disposal mechanism? Recent studies indicate that lifestyle changes may significantly impact its efficiency.
“The most proven method to boost glymphatic clearance is sleep,” notes Dr. Lila Landovsky from the University of Tasmania.
The glymphatic system is predominantly inactive during waking hours but reaches peak activity during sleep. For instance, in mice, CSF flow surges by about 60% while they sleep, enabling the removal of beta-amyloid, a protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
Though studies have yet to definitively establish that glymphatic activation directly prevents dementia, “the hypothesis is strengthened by evident links between factors that impair glymphatic clearance—such as sleep disturbances and sedentary behavior—and an increased risk for neurodegenerative conditions,” states Landowski.
The position in which we sleep could also affect glymphatic function. In 2015, Helen Benveniste and her team found that sleeping on one’s side improved glymphatic clearance in mice more effectively than sleeping on the back or stomach. While this has not yet been tested in humans, many types of dementia show strong associations with sleep disorders, suggesting sleep positions may be important in our fight against dementia.
Additional Strategies to Enhance Brain Detox
Emerging evidence suggests that other lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise, may also bolster glymphatic function. In April, a study involving 37 adults highlighted that only participants who completed a 12-week stationary cycling program experienced noticeable increases in glymphatic drainage, as observed through brain imaging.
“Research in mice indicates that glymphatic clearance can roughly double after five weeks of regular exercise in comparison to sedentary mice,” says Landowski. “However, short-term studies in mice have yet to be performed.”
Further examination of the glymphatic system may uncover additional methods to enhance its function. Lymphatic vessels connected to CSF are located deep in the neck, making direct manipulation challenging, but researchers led by Ko Young Gu at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology have identified another lymphatic network directly beneath the skin of monkeys and mice’s facial and neck areas.
In experiments, gentle downward stroking of the face and neck in mice tripled CSF flow, effectively rejuvenating older animals’ flow to a more youthful state.
Similar vessels have been detected in human cadavers, suggesting that facial and neck massages could potentially enhance CSF flow, aiding in glymphatic clearance. Nonetheless, more research is needed to substantiate these claims and verify whether this enhanced flow can shield against neurodegenerative disorders.
Promising Evidence Supporting Yoga and Breathing Techniques
One exercise that should not be overlooked is yoga breathing. Hamid Jalillian from the University of California, Irvine, notes that diaphragmatic breathing has robust evidence supporting its ability to increase CSF velocity, effectively activating a glymphatic “rinse cycle.”
Diaphragmatic breathing is characterized by keeping the chest relatively still while moving the abdomen outward and lowering the diaphragm as you inhale through your nose. Conclude the cycle by exhaling through pursed lips while retracting your belly.
Unexplored Potential
Despite the enthusiasm surrounding the glymphatic system, our comprehension of its intricate workings is still developing. Not everyone is convinced we possess enough knowledge to prescribe specific interventions at this time. “We are far from being able to accurately predict how a specific intervention, like exercise, will influence the glymphatic system. There are limited studies in both mice and small human populations, but nothing large-scale and conclusive,” cautions Narayanan.
Nevertheless, there is a sense of optimism. “The potential is immense, but these studies require meticulous and thorough execution,” he concludes.
For now, I’ll concentrate on essential routines—prioritizing quality sleep and regular exercise. These habits are crucial for overall health, but should glymphatic research hold true, they may soon play an even more critical role in keeping my brain clear, not just in the new year, but for years to come.
Another incentive to secure a window seat is its potential to help manage blood sugar levels.
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Many of us prefer sitting by a window to enhance our mood, but exposure to natural light during the day may also be beneficial for blood sugar control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Our cells and tissues operate on circadian rhythms, or 24-hour metabolic cycles that influence factors like blood sugar levels. Studies indicate that exposure to artificial light at night can disrupt these rhythms. This raises blood sugar levels, while individuals who spend more time outdoors in sunlight experience enhanced insulin response, a hormone crucial for regulating those levels.
Despite these findings, none of these studies explored the advantages of receiving natural light through windows, especially since most people spend significant time indoors, according to Joris Fuchs from Maastricht University in the Netherlands.
To investigate further, Fuchs and his team enlisted 13 participants with type 2 diabetes, averaging 70 years old, to spend 4.5 days in a room with only natural light from large windows from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Participants continued their usual diabetes medications and largely sat at desks with access to their mobile phones and computers, with their screens dimmed. In the evenings, they were exposed to soft artificial light and could use their devices until 11 p.m., then slept in complete darkness until 7 a.m. They consumed similar meals three times daily to maintain stable weight and followed consistent exercise routines over the 4.5 days.
The researchers conducted a similar experiment with the same group, this time in a windowless room under artificial light. This phase occurred either one month before or after the natural light segment of the study.
Throughout both experiments, participants wore devices to monitor their blood sugar levels continuously; however, due to technical difficulties, data was only obtainable from 10 individuals.
The results indicated that during weeks with more natural light, participants maintained their blood sugar levels within a healthy range 50% of the time, compared to only 43% in the artificial light experiment.
Although the difference between the two studies may seem minor, extended periods outside of a healthy range can impact an individual’s health significantly, increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications, including heart problems, according to Fuchs.
The positive impact of sunlight may stem from the fact that light-sensitive cells in the eye, crucial for regulating metabolic activity cycles, are particularly responsive to shorter wavelengths present in natural light, Fuchs explained.
Further research is essential to validate these findings; however, Fuchs suggests that many individuals with type 2 diabetes can benefit from increased exposure to natural light, even if it’s simply by sitting near a window. “It’s easy, free, and accessible to all,” Hoeks said. It remains uncertain whether individuals with type 1 diabetes or prediabetes gain similar benefits.
Glenn Jeffrey from University College London emphasizes the necessity for larger studies to substantiate these results. Nonetheless, he noted, “the significance of sunlight is gradually gaining recognition.”
Timing chemotherapy properly can reduce side effects.
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It is often said that timing plays a crucial role, and cancer treatment might be no exception. Researchers have discovered that adjusting the timing of immunotherapy drugs administered to cancer patients can enhance survival rates, adding to the evidence that our body’s internal clock affects cancer treatment efficacy.
The activities of cells and tissues within our bodies follow a 24-hour cycle termed the circadian rhythm, which governs everything from hormone release to cell division and repair timing. These rhythms are frequently disrupted in cancer cells, which tend to divide uncontrollably rather than at set intervals.
This has led to efforts aimed at alleviating chemotherapy side effects by targeting quickly dividing cells while the healthy tissue is less active. However, researchers are also exploring whether administering cancer drugs at particular times can enhance their efficacy.
One class of drugs under scrutiny is immune checkpoint inhibitors, which enable immune T cells to more effectively identify and target tumors. “T cells and other immune agents are naturally more active in the morning, making them more responsive,” explains Dr. Celine Ismail Sutton at Easbeatty Gwynedd Hospital in Bangor, England, who was not part of the study. “Administering immune checkpoint inhibitors during this window may bolster antitumor effects and enhance effectiveness.”
Earlier this year, ze fan and colleagues from Central South University in Changsha, China, documented that giving the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab before 11:30 a.m. alongside chemotherapy to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resulted in a survival rate that nearly doubles compared to those receiving treatment primarily in the afternoon.
To assess whether timing treatments in accordance with circadian rhythms, termed chronotherapy, could benefit patients with rapidly dividing, aggressive small cell lung cancer, the same team analyzed data from 397 individuals treated with the checkpoint inhibitors atezolizumab or durvalumab alongside chemotherapy from 2019 to 2023.
“Patients treated before 3 p.m. exhibited significantly longer progression-free survival and overall survival in comparison to those treated later in the day,” reported team members. Zhang Yongchang, also at Central South University, noted.
After accounting for numerous confounding variables, early treatment appeared to be associated with a 52% reduced risk of cancer progression and a 63% decreased risk of mortality.
Zhang suspects that this effect may manifest in additional tumor types, referencing evidence from studies on renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Research on NSCLC trials illustrated that morning dosing boosts circulating T cell levels and activation, while later dosing does the opposite. Mouse studies have shown that the behavior of tumor-infiltrating T cells fluctuates throughout the 24-hour cycle and that circadian clocks in adjacent endothelial cells influence when immune cells migrate into tumors.
While larger randomized controlled trials are essential, this investigation “adds further support to a growing number of studies globally that indicate improved outcomes when immunotherapy drugs are administered earlier in the day,” states Pasquale Innominato from the University of Warwick, UK.
But is it feasible for hospitals to implement this? When it comes to modifying treatment schedules, “adjusting infusion times is a straightforward clinical decision that incurs minimal costs,” asserts Zhang.
Nevertheless, treating everyone early in the day isn’t practical. According to Robert Dalman, also at the University of Warwick, each person’s body clock varies. “For instance, the biological time discrepancy between an ‘early bird’ and a ‘night owl’ can span several hours.”
Nonetheless, biomarkers that accurately assess individuals’ chronotypes are currently in development. Once established and validated, chronotherapy could emerge as a “cost-effective, resource-efficient innovation with the capability to significantly enhance treatment outcomes. A simple shift in timing can unveil a new facet of precision medicine,” concludes Ismail Sutton in a recently published perspective on this innovative strategy.
Fetch! Dogs can enhance our happiness in various ways
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Dogs have long been celebrated as beloved companions. However, recent studies suggest they may also improve our well-being by influencing our microbiomes. Experiments conducted on mice indicate that dog owners possess unique bacterial species that promote both empathic and social behaviors.
It’s evident that pets significantly enhance life satisfaction while also impacting our gut microbiome. Research highlights how this microbiome affects our mental health and plays a role in shaping our personalities. With dogs often topping the list of preferred pets, Takefumi Kikusui and his team from Azabu University in Japan sought to investigate whether pets influence our microbiomes and enhance our overall well-being.
To delve into this, researchers analyzed a survey where caregivers of 343 adolescents aged 12 to 14 in Tokyo reported on their social behaviors, including feelings of loneliness, tendencies toward aggression, and peer interactions. It was noted that approximately a third of these adolescents own pet dogs.
Findings revealed that, on average, dog owners perceived themselves as less socially withdrawn and exhibited less aggressive tendencies compared to their non-dog-owning peers. The research team also examined potential influencing factors such as gender and household income.
“Engaging frequently with your dog exposes you to their microorganisms (like licking),” explains Gerald Clarke from University College Cork, Dublin, Ireland. These bacteria can migrate to the gastrointestinal tract, potentially causing infections. They can also produce anti-inflammatory substances like short-chain fatty acids, which may improve mental health.
An essential part of the study involved transplanting oral microbes from dog owners and non-dog owners into germ-free mice. Fecal analysis showed that the introduced microorganisms successfully colonized the mice’s intestines.
In subsequent weeks, the researchers conducted various behavioral tests on the mice. In one test, a mouse was placed in a cage alongside another mouse trapped in a tube. Results indicated that mice transplanted with microbes from dog owners were significantly more inclined to interact with the tube than those who received microbes from non-dog owners.
This behavior suggests that the original mice displayed greater empathy and a willingness to help, Kikusui noted. Recent research has also revealed that mice can assist their pregnant partners in giving birth and even provide rudimentary first aid.
In another experiment, dog-owner transplants exhibited a tendency to sniff unknown mice in their cages more frequently than the other groups, indicating increased sociability, according to Clarke. “Such social behaviors can have implications across species, including humans,” he asserts. “Robust social networks are beneficial for mental health; having limited social exposure can be detrimental.”
Gaining further insights into these microbial shifts and developing probiotics that replicate these effects could potentially benefit individuals without dogs, Clarke suggests. However, studies in other regions with different microbial exposures are necessary.
Do you really need to invest in a new TV? The allure of the latest features and massive screen sizes is strong, but exercising a bit of patience could save both money and the planet. You can enhance your viewing experience with some straightforward tips and tricks.
It’s understandable to feel Fomo. In the past, buying a new TV was typically only necessary when the old one failed completely. Back then, all TVs seemed quite similar, offering nearly the same features.
The landscape today is vastly different. Every year introduces a new selection of high-tech flat screens that surpass previous models in clarity. What was once a simple box is now a sophisticated piece of technology, often displayed on your wall as art.
But I can relate to your frustrations. It doesn’t take long for even the latest screen’s brilliance to feel a bit lackluster. My smart TV’s picture quality seems to fade, and its operating system feels sluggish with each passing month. Apps lag, and navigating menus seems cumbersome. And in the back of my mind, the thought of a shiny new OLED creeps in.
But is that truly necessary? I’m here to suggest that you can delay that purchase and enhance your TV experience with a few adjustments and perhaps some budget-friendly gadgets.
Upgrade Your Smart TV OS
One of the telltale signs that a TV is nearing the end of its useful life is its smart platform. All reputable shows today connect to streaming services and smart home functionalities, but as more advanced software emerges, older platforms naturally fall out of favor. If your streaming apps no longer receive updates and the interface feels sluggish, it’s a sign.
While it’s disappointing, your TV doesn’t have to head to the landfill just yet. You can breathe new life into it by simply adding an affordable streaming dongle. Devices like Amazon’s Fire TV Stick, Roku’s Streaming Stick, or Google TV Streamer, plugged into a spare HDMI port, can revamp your streaming setup with quicker interfaces, contemporary services, and handy voice search features.
Amazon offers both HD and 4K streaming sticks, with the basic 1080p option priced at £39.99 and the 4K model starting at £49.99.
Amazon Fire TV Stick HD
£39.99 on Amazon £39.99 at John Lewis
Not an Amazon Prime member? Consider the Roku 4K UHD Stick instead. It provides a wide array of streaming apps and services for under £50. The Google TV streamer with built-in Chromecast serves a similar purpose at £99.
Roku 4K Streaming Stick Plus
£24.99 at Argos £39.99 at Currys
Most TVs have a spare USB port for powering the stick, so you won’t even need an extra cable plugged into the outlet.
Alternatively, elevate your viewing experience by opting for Sky Stream. This compact device offers a full suite of premium Sky channels, including movies and sports, plus built-in apps like Netflix, Apple TV, Disney+, Prime Video, and UK broadcasters. The basic subscription starts at £15 per month and includes Sky Atlantic, Netflix, and Discovery+.
The innovation lies in its reliance on your Wi-Fi network, eliminating the need for a dish or antenna. Unlike traditional satellite boxes, it doesn’t come with a built-in hard drive—your recordings are stored on your personal video recorder (PVR) in the cloud, so you won’t run out of space.
Smart Tricks That Actually Work
It might seem unusual, but if you aren’t facing specific tech issues, consider adjusting the lighting in your room for an improved viewing experience. Rearranging lamps to avoid glares and replacing harsh ceiling lights with softer backlighting can create a more enjoyable atmosphere. Installing lights behind the screen can lessen eye strain and enhance perceived contrast. This technique, known as bias lighting, is used in professional settings.
For a bigger view, try moving closer to your TV. While it may sound odd, there’s a clear link between screen resolution and viewing distance.
In the era before HD, lower resolutions often justified a greater distance. However, modern 4K UHD and even 8K TVs feature such high pixel densities that you can sit much closer without eye fatigue.
Ideally, your couch should be placed 1.5 times the distance from the screen. For a 55-inch TV, this translates to a distance of about 2 meters. If comfortable, don’t hesitate to sit closer. Watching native 4K content provides you with richer detail and textures.
Best Times for Watching Movies with Lights On
Ambient lighting can significantly enhance the visual quality of some shows and movies. Photo: SeventyFour/Getty Images
If you enjoy dark, atmospheric films but find that your LED TV appears washed-out in low light, you don’t need to rush for an OLED upgrade. There’s a simple solution.
LED backlighting enables vibrant images under bright conditions, but in dim settings, it enhances the visibility of backlighting and softens the black levels. Watching your LED TV in a room with ambient light can lead to a more natural image, helping black tones stay genuinely black instead of gray.
Maximize Your Current Setup
If your TV’s visuals appear dull or unnatural, it’s possible that the backlighting may be weakening. For a quick adjustment, navigate to the settings menu.
You’re likely viewing the Standard Picture setting, which is typically the default. Try switching to Dynamic or Vivid mode. This can enhance the colors in your visuals and give them more vibrancy.
Not All HDMI Settings Are Created Equal
If the image still seems muted, double-check your HDMI configuration. When consuming HDR content from external devices like set-top boxes, game consoles, or UHD Blu-ray players, an underwhelming visual experience may indicate that HDR isn’t being utilized.
[画像] or [一般設定] Check the HDMI settings in your menu. This is generally labeled as either standard or optimal (or enhanced). Selecting Optimal will let you view both 4K UHD and HDR signals coming from the source.
Conversely, if your HDR content appears too dark and you picked your TV up at a bargain during Black Friday, it may not possess the necessary brightness for effective HDR viewing (despite marketing claims). In this scenario, setting HDR to standard will yield a brighter overall image while retaining 4K resolution.
Enhance Your TV Audio With a Soundbar
If your TV’s audio is less than ideal and clarity is slipping, a soundbar could be the simplest and most effective upgrade.
It’s common for flat-screen TVs to produce mediocre sound quality. Even the latest models often struggle due to their slim designs, which leave minimal space for robust speakers, resulting in disappointing audio. A well-chosen soundbar not only increases volume but also improves clarity and creates a rich soundstage, restoring a full auditory experience missing from built-in TV speakers.
For smaller TVs (around 43 inches), the Sharp HT-SB700 is a solid choice. This Dolby Atmos soundbar, spanning only 640mm, delivers 140W and represents fantastic value.
Sharp HT-SB700
£89 at Tesco £89.99 at Currys
For larger TVs, consider the £999 Samsung HW-Q990F. This impressive soundbar is 1,309mm wide, houses 23 speakers, outputs a total of 756W, and comes equipped with a wireless subwoofer and two wireless rear speakers for a fully immersive cinematic sound experience.
Samsung HW-Q990F Soundbar
£999 at John Lewis £999 at Currys
When All Else Fails – It Might Be Time to Invest in a New TV
That said, certain scenarios warrant upgrading to a new TV. If it tumbles from its stand and you find yourself watching through what resembles 80’s retro visual effects, it’s time to recycle it (and we encourage you to do so) recycle electrical products.
Likewise, if the design feels outdated (I’m referring to those bulky TVs with absurdly wide bezels), an upgrade is justifiable. Wide bezels are unlikely to return to fashion. And if you’re truly drawn to OLED technology, I won’t deter you. The allure of OLED screens is so captivating that they can make even the dreariest TV shows seem appealing.
However, if your concerns stem merely from performance inconsistencies with your trusty older model or a desire for a smarter, interconnected user experience, considering alternative solutions may be a more prudent route to avoid an unnecessary major purchase.
For additional insights, check out our articles on when to upgrade your laptop and how to extend the life of your smartphone.
Steve May is an expert in technology and home entertainment, with over 30 years of experience covering all things television; from the slimmest, brightest screens to sound systems that rival commercial cinemas. When not delving into tech, you’ll often find him binge-watching series or organizing his Blu-ray collection.
Engagement in sexual activity or even simple intimate contact might accelerate wound healing, especially when paired with oxytocin nasal spray.
Oxytocin, often dubbed the “love hormone” or “cuddle chemical,” is known for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and aiding breastfeeding. It’s also linked to social connections and intimacy. Previous studies suggest it can facilitate healing of conditions like oral ulcers, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
Furthermore, a contentious relationship between partners may contribute to slower healing of blisters. Researchers, including Beate Ditzen from the University of Zurich, speculated whether a lack of oxytocin during these strained interactions could be a mediating factor.
To explore this, the team conducted a study involving 80 healthy heterosexual couples, averaging 27 years of age, all of whom had four small wounds created on their forearms through a suction device.
The couples were split into four groups, each assigned different interventions for the following week. One group received oxytocin nasal spray twice daily while engaging in a 10-minute Partner Appreciation Task (PAT) — a structured activity focusing on expressing gratitude and compliments up to three times a week.
The second group also used oxytocin but did not participate in PAT. The third group carried out PAT with a placebo spray, while the fourth group used a placebo without any PAT intervention.
Neither using oxytocin alone nor engaging in PAT with a placebo led to faster wound healing compared to the control group without spray and PAT. However, the combination of oxytocin and PAT showed some effectiveness in reducing scars’ size and depth, especially among couples who reported increased physical affection or sexual activity during the study week. This was also linked to lower cortisol levels, a stress hormone known to hinder immune function, observed in saliva samples.
“We observe enhanced wound healing in groups that incorporate PAT; however, the effects are significantly more pronounced when oxytocin is combined with spontaneous contact or intimate behaviors,”
Darryl O’Connor from the University of Leeds noted, “Our findings are intriguing as they imply that pairing oxytocin administration with positive interpersonal interactions might bolster physical recovery, opening promising avenues for future psychosocial interventions in healthcare settings.”
According to Anna Whitaker, researchers at the University of Stirling in the UK suggest that increased doses of oxytocin may yield similar benefits, particularly for older adults with generally weakened immune systems.
Ultrasound can penetrate the skull and reach the brain
Shutterstock/peterschreiber.media
Recent research suggests that pulsed ultrasound waves directed at the brain may enhance survival rates following a specific stroke type by promoting the removal of inflammatory dead blood cells, based on findings from a study involving mice. This technique, which boosts lymphatic drainage efficiency, could also have applications for treating Alzheimer’s disease, with clinical trials anticipated to commence next year.
Hemorrhagic stroke, constitutes around 15% of all strokes and occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding, disrupting oxygen supply to the brain, and causing cellular damage, which can result in motor and cognitive issues.
Treatments typically involve sealing the ruptured blood vessel with small metal clips and extracting dead red blood cells via a catheter or similar device. Neglecting this procedure can exacerbate inflammation and lead to further tissue damage. However, this method is highly invasive, posing risks of brain damage and infections, as noted by Larg Airan at Stanford University, California.
After an unexpected experience with prolonged ultrasound application during drug activation in mouse brains, Aylan considered whether pulsed ultrasound could be effective in removing the “debris” from the brain. “When I observed the drug’s effects, it appeared to spread throughout the brain, almost as if it were being ‘painted’ over,” he recounted.
To probe this idea, the research team simulated a hemorrhagic stroke by injecting mice with blood from their tails. For three consecutive days, they administered pulsed ultrasound to the skulls of half the mice for 10 minutes each day, while the others received no treatment.
Subsequently, all mice underwent a three-minute test in a water tank divided into four corners, with healthy mice typically turning in either direction 50% of the time. The team discovered that mice treated with ultrasound turned left 39% of the time, compared to 27% for the control group. Additionally, treated mice exhibited stronger grips on a metal bar than their untreated counterparts, indicating they suffered less brain damage, a conclusion that was later substantiated through brain slice analyses conducted post-euthanasia.
One week following the blood injection, around half of the control group mice perished, compared to only one-fifth of the ultrasound-treated group. A rapid increase in survival rates was noted, with an approximately 30 percentage point improvement achieved through just three 10-minute ultrasound treatments, according to Airan.
Further insights revealed that the ultrasound pulses triggered pressure-sensitive proteins in microglia, the brain’s immune cells, reducing their inflammation and enhancing their ability to clear dead red blood cells. Additionally, this technique improved the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, facilitating the removal of dead cells to lymph nodes in the neck, which are part of the lymphatic system responsible for eliminating metabolic waste.
While more investigations are necessary, this method might also have the potential to address various brain disorders. “If ultrasound can efficiently remove larger red blood cells from the brain, it stands to reason it could also eliminate smaller toxic proteins, such as the misfolded tau associated with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases,” Aylan explained.
Experts are impressed with this promising research due to its non-invasive nature. Kathleen Caron from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill noted that the lymphatic systems in mice and humans show considerable similarities, indicating this approach could be applicable in human cases as well.
The use of ultrasonic irradiation is considered safe, and while research is ongoing to confirm these findings, Aylan is optimistic about the lack of unforeseen side effects from this treatment.
Ultimately, the research team aspires to test this technique on individuals suffering from hemorrhagic strokes that necessitate urgent intervention. They aim to gather additional data on its safety and efficacy for Alzheimer’s patients, with trials projected to begin next year, according to Aylan.
mRNA vaccines show growing potential to revolutionize healthcare
Joseph Prezioso/AFP via Getty Images
The mRNA COVID-19 vaccination seems to offer an unexpected advantage: it may extend the lives of cancer patients by enhancing immunotherapy effectiveness.
A study analyzing about 1,000 individuals undergoing treatment for advanced skin and lung cancer revealed that those who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine within 100 days of starting treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor had nearly double the survival time compared to those who did not receive the vaccine during this period. Clinical trials to validate these findings are set to commence by year-end.
“The outcomes were astonishing,” states Elias Sayur, a researcher at the University of Florida. They speculate about the potential to develop an mRNA vaccine that enhances this immune response. “Could we craft a universal mRNA vaccine that activates the immune system across all cancer patients?” he muses. “The possibilities are extensive.”
However, is it advisable for someone just commencing checkpoint inhibitors to get a COVID-19 vaccine to improve treatment efficacy? “I am hesitant to provide clinical recommendations without concrete proof,” Sayur cautions. “Attempting to harness your immune system against cancer also carries risks,” he adds, urging adherence to established vaccine guidelines.
The rationale behind this finding lies in the immune system’s capacity to eliminate many cancers even before they escalate. Yet, some tumors evolve to obstruct this response. They achieve this by manipulating the “off switch” of T cells, which are responsible for destroying cancer cells. A well-known off switch is the protein PD-1 found on T cell surfaces.
PD-1 becomes inactive when it binds to a protein called PD-L1 on certain cell surfaces. This serves as a safety mechanism for cells to signal, “cease the attack, I am benign.”
Numerous cancers hijack PD-L1 by producing it in excessive amounts. Checkpoint inhibitors function by preventing PD-1 and other off switches from becoming activated. These treatments have significantly increased survival rates for conditions like lung cancer and melanoma, earning a Nobel Prize for their developers in 2018.
However, the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors varies significantly. When an individual’s immune system fails to react to the tumor by dispatching T cells for an attack, these drugs offer limited benefit.
Consequently, combining checkpoint inhibitors with vaccines that bolster the immune system’s tumor combat capabilities could prove to be more effective than either strategy used in isolation. Cancer vaccines are generally tailored to elicit a response to mutated proteins in cancer cells and are often personalized. “We are attempting to discern the unique aspects of their tumors,” Sayur explains. “It demands substantial time, funding, and complexity.”
During cancer vaccine trials, his team observed that the non-specific mRNA vaccine used as a control also exhibited remarkable effectiveness. “It was an absolute surprise,” Sayur remarks.
In July, Sayur and colleagues published findings indicating that mRNA vaccines enhance anti-tumor responses, even when not aimed at cancer-specific proteins, as revealed in studies in mice. Vaccines can initiate an innate immune response that acts like an alarm, energizing the immune system and prompting T cells to move from tumors to lymph nodes, where they rally other immune cells for a focused attack.
Recognizing this potential, Sayur and his team examined the medical records of patients treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Out of 884 advanced lung cancer patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors, 180 had received mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations within 100 days of initiating treatment. Those vaccinated survived for approximately 37 months, contrasting with roughly 20 months for those unvaccinated.
Furthermore, among 210 individuals with melanoma that had metastasized, 43 had been vaccinated within 100 days of starting checkpoint inhibitors. They had a survival time of around 30 to 40 months, compared to around 27 months for individuals who were not vaccinated in that time frame. Some vaccinated individuals remained alive at the time of analysis, indicating their survival may extend even longer. The research findings were shared at the European Society of Medical Oncology Congress in Berlin, Germany.
Previous reports have suggested that after receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, a proportion of tumors exhibited shrinkage, indicating potential anti-tumor effects in certain cases even without checkpoint inhibitors. “It’s certainly a possibility, but further investigations are essential to fully understand,” comments Sayur.
The United States recently declared significant cuts in funding for mRNA vaccine development, despite the substantial benefits they have provided during the pandemic and the vast potential they hold for treatments beyond vaccines.
Artificial sweeteners might support gut microbiome health
Robert K. Chin/Alamy
Using low-calorie sweeteners instead of sugar may stimulate beneficial gut bacteria and aid in weight loss maintenance. This conclusion emerges from one of the longest studies on sweeteners, suggesting these alternatives might not be as detrimental as some previous reports indicate.
Several recent analyses have cast doubt on the health benefits of various low-calorie sweeteners. Although they are widely favored by those wishing to shed pounds, research indicates they may increase hunger, elevate blood sugar, and heighten the risk of heart-related illnesses. In 2023, the World Health Organization issued recommendations against using low-calorie sweeteners for weight management.
Nonetheless, there is a deficit of extensive research on sweeteners, particularly within the framework of a healthy diet. To investigate further, Ellen Black from Maastricht University in the Netherlands monitored their effects in individuals who substituted them for sugar. She and her team enlisted 341 overweight or obese adults in Europe and provided them with a low-calorie regimen for two months, resulting in an average weight loss of 10 kilograms.
Participants then adapted to a balanced diet with less than 10% of their caloric intake from sugar. During this weight maintenance phase, 171 participants were advised to completely forgo sweeteners, while the rest were motivated to swap sugary foods and beverages for lower-calorie sweetener options. Each participant had the option to use at least 16 different sweeteners, with no limit on their usage.
After 10 months, the group utilizing low-calorie sweeteners managed an average of 1.6 kilograms more weight loss compared to the sugar group. They also exhibited a higher presence of gut bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids—beneficial compounds previously linked to blood sugar regulation, heart health support, and weight loss maintenance.
“This indicates that replacing sugar with non-caloric sweeteners in the diet may aid in weight maintenance,” says Braak. The outcomes of this study may vary from earlier research due to its extended duration and the examination of sweeteners alongside a healthy diet, she notes. Furthermore, prior studies often focused on just a few low-calorie sweeteners, many of which were not concurrently consumed.
Regarding the differences in gut bacteria, our grasp of the microbiome is still developing, according to Elan Elinav at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Thus, it remains challenging to decipher how the changes observed in the sweetener-consuming group will influence their health. He added that it is uncertain whether these transformations stemmed from weight loss, the intake of low-calorie sweeteners, or a combination of both.
According to new research published in the journal Food, daily consumption of mango (Mangifera indica) over a period of 24 weeks has shown improvements in both short- and long-term glycemic control, reduced insulin resistance, increased insulin sensitivity, and favorable changes in body composition for pre-diabetic patients. These findings indicate that incorporating fresh mangoes into the diet may aid glycemic control for those at high risk for type 2 diabetes, offering a practical food-based strategy to enhance body composition.
Daily consumption of mangoes for 24 weeks significantly enhanced glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in adults with diabetes, underscoring the potential of mangoes as an effective dietary strategy for metabolic health. Image credit: Mohan Nannapaneni.
Currently, over 130 million adults in the United States are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes, as reported by the CDC.
Predictions indicate that by 2030, nearly 40% of U.S. adults will be affected by prediabetes.
Early identification and prevention at the prediabetic stage is crucial, as many individuals remain unaware of their condition until complications arise.
Nutrition plays a vital role in glycemic control, and a balanced diet can promote both enhanced blood glucose regulation and overall long-term health.
In a diabetes prevention program, lifestyle interventions resulted in a 58% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, compared to a 31% reduction with metformin versus placebo. Thus, identifying accessible natural strategies to mitigate these risk factors is essential for delaying diabetes onset and minimizing associated complications.
Dietary practices enriched with fruits, vegetables, and bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects on glycemic control and metabolic health.
Mangoes, being tropical fruits, are rich in several bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, gallbladder acid, and quercetin.
“It’s not merely about the sugar content; the overall context of the food is crucial,” stated Dr. Raedeh Basiri, a Clinical Nutrition Researcher at George Mason University.
“This study stands as the first long-term clinical trial to showcase the metabolic and body composition benefits of mangoes for individuals with prediabetes.”
“Essentially, it’s about more than just the sugar present in food. The naturally occurring sugars in mangoes and other fruits are balanced by the fiber and other vitamins and nutrients that confer additional health advantages.”
“Foods with added sugars, like breakfast cereals and low-sugar snacks, often lack the same nutritional value and may even elevate the risk of diabetes.”
“The objective is to urge people to include whole fruits like mangoes in their dietary strategies for healthy eating and diabetes prevention.”
“Individuals at high risk for diabetes should emphasize not only the sugar content of their food but also how the sugar is delivered.”
Dr. Basiri and her team divided participants into two groups: one receiving fresh mangoes daily and the other receiving low-sugar granola bars.
Throughout the six-month study, researchers measured participants’ blood glucose levels, their insulin response, and body fat.
The results showed that the high-sugar content in mangoes (32 grams of sugar) was more beneficial than the low-sugar granola bars (11 grams of sugar).
The group consuming mangoes daily exhibited improved glycemic control, heightened insulin sensitivity, and reduced body fat.
“Our findings reinforce and broaden the emerging evidence on the metabolic advantages of consuming fresh mango daily among pre-diabetic individuals,” the researchers noted.
“Participants who ate an average of one mango each day for 24 weeks recorded lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the control group.”
“Future studies should utilize objective dietary biomarkers (like plasma carotenoids and urinary polyphenols) to enhance accuracy and credibility.”
“Additionally, exploring the mechanisms underlying these observed effects, including the role of bioactive compounds in mango on insulin signaling and inflammation, is essential, especially across diverse populations.”
“Longer follow-up periods and comparisons with other fruits and dietary strategies could provide clarity on the specific benefits of mangoes for metabolic health.”
“Final investigations should delve into broader health advantages of mango consumption beyond glycemic control and body composition, including potential impacts on metabolic pathways and variations in gene expression, as individual responses to the same foods can differ.”
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Raedeh Basiri et al. 2025. Daily mango intake improves blood glucose and body composition outcomes in prediabetic adults: a randomized controlled study. Food 14 (17): 2971; doi: 10.3390/foods14172971
While noticeable muscle growth, like bulging biceps, is a clear advantage of weightlifting, research indicates that strength training can also be beneficial for your gut microbiota.
No singular cluster of microorganisms ensures good health, yet certain compositions are linked with enhanced medical outcomes, including a stronger immune system and healthier aging. Key players include faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Rose Buria Hominis, all of which generate short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid that support the intestinal lining and combat inflammation.
While diet is undeniably significant, studies suggest that aerobic exercise—like cycling and running—can create an environment favorable for these microbial species to thrive. This may occur via improved blood flow, hormonal shifts, or metabolic by-products associated with physical activity, including lactic acid. Research on resistance training has yielded mixed results; some studies indicate significant changes, while others show negligible effects. “Current research is somewhat limited,” notes Matieu Krauss from the Norwegian Sports Science School in Oslo.
For clarity, Sven Nahnsen, from the University of Tübingen in Germany, along with his team, studied a sizable group of 150 sedentary adults who underwent an eight-week training regimen that included a variety of resistance exercises like lateral pulls, seated rows, chest presses, and leg curls.
In contrast to past research, participants utilized an “intelligent” machine that automatically adjusted weights and range of motion based on individual performance, thereby keeping a meticulous record of progress. “The data is precise as every lift is digitally documented,” shares Nahnsen.
Prior to starting, and at intervals during the program, participants submitted stool samples, which researchers analyzed for genetic and metabolic fingerprints of commonly found gut microorganisms.
Across the group, there was no average alteration in microbiome composition post-program. The outcome seemed to vary based on each individual’s training response, showing a correlation between increased intensity and microbiota changes.
High-achieving participants who reaped significant muscle strength benefits exhibited an increased percentage of faecalibacterium and Rose Buria Hominis by the program’s conclusion. “These species were more abundant in those who gained substantially more strength,” summarized Nahnsen.
The reasons why some individuals responded better to the training compared to others remain ambiguous. One might assume it relates to their effort, yet compliance levels were similar across low and high performers. An alternative explanation could be that successful participants altered their diets following their exercise routines. This lifestyle adjustment could reasonably influence both microbiota and muscle strength. However, despite attempts to account for this through dietary assessments, researchers found no substantial differences in food intake, “a factor we couldn’t completely discount,” according to Nahnsen.
Another intriguing prospect is that the microorganisms themselves may partially facilitate the improvements in strength. In high-performing individuals, changes in the microbiome may enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids, enabling muscles to better respond to the eight-week training regimen. However, Nahnsen emphasizes that this warrants further investigation.
He aspires that this research will serve as a foundation for exploring potential mechanisms. “Our goal was to establish a ‘dictionary’ of microorganisms likely affected by resistance training to assist other researchers in uncovering the mechanisms,” he stated. Strategies to promote beneficial shifts in the microbiota post-training could represent a novel approach to enhancing exercise’s health benefits and sports performance.
It’s worth noting that the trial did not include a control group of participants who remained inactive. Nevertheless, Klaus, who did not participate in the study, is optimistic about the findings. “These results reinforce the idea that exercise positively impacts gut health, regardless of the specific type, and highlight that resistance training can induce microbiome-related changes tied to specific health benefits,” he remarked. “This underscores the importance of integrating both endurance and resistance training into health promotion strategies aimed at improving microbiome health.”
Black and green teas including matcha exhibit various levels of L-theanine
inna finkova / alamy stock photos
L-theanine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in tea leaves. Its association with the calming effects of tea dates back to the 1940s, and it is now available as a supplement aimed at alleviating stress, enhancing focus, and improving sleep quality. Although studies on its effectiveness are still somewhat limited, there are intriguing insights that may suggest advantages for brain health, particularly for those experiencing anxiety.
What are the potential benefits of L-theanine?
Research on L-theanine shows promise but remains in the preliminary stages. “The research is limited, the sample sizes are small, and the results can vary,” says Crystal Haskell-Ramsay from Northumbria University, UK.
Nonetheless, findings from minor trials indicate that L-theanine may help reduce blood pressure during attention-demanding tasks, and during stressful periods, it might mitigate heart rate surges associated with cortisol, the stress hormone. Some evidence also points to its potential for enhancing relaxation and concentration.
How does L-theanine influence the brain?
Upon entering the bloodstream through the intestine, L-theanine is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It shares similarities with brain glutamic acid and GABA, neurotransmitters responsible for regulating signals in the brain. Studies on rodents suggest that L-theanine may elevate levels of dopamine and serotonin, chemicals linked to various cognitive functions, including mood and reward.
Furthermore, L-theanine is known to increase alpha brain wave activity, which is associated with a calm yet alert state. “When you close your eyes, alpha waves increase instantly,” remarks Manuel Gomez Ramirez from Rochester University in New York.
Does it contribute positively to mood and well-being?
Generally, heightened alpha brain wave activity can enable better focus and diminish distractions, and L-theanine may amplify this effect. “The greater the alpha activity, the better the brain coordinates its surroundings,” explains Gomez Ramirez. The synergy between caffeine and L-theanine likely enhances this effect.
If L-theanine alleviates anxiety, this could elucidate its benefits for sleep. A review found that it may help individuals fall asleep more swiftly and enhance their overall sleep quality.
Is there sufficient L-theanine in tea?
Teas, particularly green varieties like matcha, contain varying amounts of L-theanine, averaging between 5-40mg per cup. While this could provide a mild effect, most research studies utilize dosages around 200 mg, akin to those commonly found in supplements.
How robust is the evidence for L-theanine?
Many studies involve small participants, focus on short-term outcomes, and frequently test just single doses or limited supplementation periods. “There’s certainly potential, but further work is required in this area,” states Amanda Bluman from the University of Canberra in Australia.
A noteworthy complication is that L-theanine is often studied in conjunction with other components, which complicates the interpretation of results. “It’s challenging to ascertain whether L-theanine is solely responsible,” mentions Haskell-Ramsay. “Disentangling which elements are effective is problematic.”
Moreover, Haskell-Ramsay cautions, “Many people take it consistently for long durations, so long-term data is lacking.”
In a departure from conventional solid glass cores, the innovative optical fibers now incorporate an air core encased in precisely crafted glass microstructures to guide light. This advancement boosts transmission speeds by 45%, enabling greater data transfer over longer distances before amplification is required.
Petrovich et al. We report microstructured optical waveguides with unprecedented transmission bandwidth and attenuation. Image credit: Gemini AI.
Optical fibers in telecommunications have typically relied on solid silica glass constructs, and despite extensive refinements, their signal loss remains a critical challenge.
This results in about half of the light traveling through the fiber being lost after approximately 20 km, necessitating the use of optical amplifiers for extended distance communication, such as intercontinental terrestrial and undersea connections.
Minimizing signal loss can be achieved within a limited spectrum of wavelengths. This has constrained the data capacity in optical communications over recent decades.
Francesco Poletti and his team from the University of Southampton developed a new type of fiber optic featuring a hollow air core surrounded by intricately designed thin silica rings to effectively guide light.
Laboratory tests revealed that these fibers exhibit an optical loss of 0.091 decibels per kilometer at the commonly utilized optical wavelengths in communications.
Consequently, optical signals with appropriate wavelengths can travel approximately 50% farther before needing amplification.
This configuration offers a broader transmission window (the range of wavelengths where light propagates with minimal signal loss and distortion) than previous fiber optic technologies.
While this novel optical fiber may demonstrate lower losses due to the use of larger air cores, further investigation is necessary to validate these findings.
“We anticipate that advancements in manufacturing, geometric consistency, and reduced levels of absorbent gases in the core will solidify these new fibers as essential wave guiding technologies,” Reservers remarked.
“This breakthrough could pave the way for the next major advancement in data communication.”
Their study will be published in the journal Nature Photonics.
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M. Petrovich et al. Broadband optical fiber with attenuation of less than 0.1 decibels per kilometer. Nature Photonics Published online on September 1, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41566-025-01747-5
“You always seem to make quite the racket in your sleep,” my dear wife says as we get ready for bed. “That’s why I need these.”
On her side, she has a heavy-duty earplug that fits snugly in her ears. On my side, I apply a magnetic strip on the bridge of my nose to see if it helps with the noise levels. Apparently, I’m a snorer (or so she tells me).
The reason I’m using a magnet on my face is to hopefully tackle this issue and improve her sleep. The strip is called Iro, and it costs £60. It’s a curved piece of hard plastic with magnets at both ends.
These magnets adhere to small magnets that attach to either side of my nose, just above it. The magnets gently lift my nostrils as they snap together. It’s an odd sensation, but not unpleasant. It almost feels like my airways are being mechanically eased open for better airflow.
The issue is right beneath your nose
So, why do I need such a device? One of the intriguing physical quirks I’ve discovered is that I have a deviated septum. This is likely why my wife depends on costly earplugs to get her beauty sleep.
A deviated septum (which about 70% of people have) is linked to snoring, sleep apnea, breathing difficulties, and a compromised sense of smell.
I can feel it when I press on my nose (for the sake of science, of course). My left nostril is significantly more open than my right. The tissue separating them (the aforementioned deviated septum) doesn’t run straight down the middle but instead leans to one side.
This misaligned wall made of bone and cartilage is why I snore and breathe through my mouth. A deviated septum hampers my airways; thus, I often feel like I’m not getting enough oxygen when I breathe through my nose.
A deviated nasal septum occurs when the thin wall dividing the nostrils leans to one side instead of being centered. – Photo credit: Getty
I dislike running because my breathing feels more labored than it should. While sleeping, I end up gulping erratic breaths, similar to snoring.
If that wasn’t enough, I also suffer from occasional night terrors, or sleep paralysis, which leaves me waking up feeling unable to move or breathe.
“Patients with a deviated septum can face numerous challenges,” says Professor Peter Andrews, Chairman of the British Nose Association. “They often resort to breathing through their mouths, which can negatively impact lung function.”
Andrews emphasizes the importance of breathing through the nose. “The nose acts as an air condenser designed to filter and condition air, making it better for oxygen exchange once it reaches the lungs. When your nose is blocked, efficient breathing becomes compromised.”
However, when your nasal passages are open, that’s not an issue. “If you can breathe through your nose at night, you shouldn’t, in theory, snore,” Andrews explains. Iro claims it enhances both breathing and sleep.
The company asserts it reduces snoring “in real-time,” doubles nasal airflow, and grants an additional hour of sleep each night.
read more:
Is breathing easy?
The first night wearing the Iro strip went remarkably well. Despite being attached to my face, it didn’t bother me or disrupt my sleep. It was quite comfortable. The next morning, my wife was astonished that she didn’t have to use earplugs for this test.
“I didn’t hear a sound from you,” she remarked.
The next night was a different story. I had night terrors right after falling asleep, and the following morning, my wife’s brow furrowed. “Last night didn’t go well at all,” she told me. “Not one bit.”
For better or worse, I didn’t notice any significant changes in sleep quality. When I checked the data from my Apple Watch, it confirmed that my overall sleep duration remained unchanged. I was averaging just under 6 hours a night with or without the Airo Strips.
No wonder I feel tired.
Interestingly, the watch tracked various stages of my sleep.
While the Apple Watch isn’t a clinical-quality sleep tracker, I noticed minimal variations in overall sleep duration. However, I found that I received over 30 minutes of REM sleep and about 20 minutes of deep sleep while wearing the Airo. It also seemed to shorten the instances of waking up throughout the night.
During the day, I tried them out at the gym while running. They remained comfortable, and I felt a difference in my airflow. I couldn’t tell if it improved my workout, though.
As I ran, the adhesive began to slip as I started to sweat, and the Airo shifted along the bridge of my nose.
Eventually, I had to remove it before it fell off, but before that, I felt I could breathe more freely.
“The nasal strip definitely contributes to opening the airways,” notes Andrews. Airo’s magnetic strips come in one design. Adhesive strips placed on the nose serve a similar purpose, but other aids are designed to fit inside the nostrils, effectively opening the airways. Research indicates they may help diminish snoring, but overall sleep improvement results are varied.
My wife may not be a sleep expert, but she is open to longer trials, even with mixed results.
Case study
subject: 43-year-old man, snoring treatment
Abstract: Can magnetic nasal strips enhance sleep quality and alleviate night terrors?
test: Quantitative sleep data monitored on my Apple Watch; qualitative sleep data recorded by my spouse.
result: No change in total sleep duration, but improvements in REM and deep sleep. Mixed results on subjective sleep satisfaction.
About our experts
Professor Peter Andrews serves as the chairman of the British Rhinology Society at University College London, UK, and is a professor of reform at the University of London. He has contributed to esteemed journals like Facial Plastic Surgery, Diagnosis, and OTO RHINO European Archives of Laryngology.
My dog, Pepper, is a carefree senior who cherishes bedtime. While his treat might be a motivating factor, he genuinely enjoys the time when we all settle down for the night. He loves short walks, where he takes his time to sniff around.
He also gets excited to see the horses in the nearby fields (which sometimes earns him an extra treat, especially since he used to be scared of them). Many dogs may have their preferences, but these are definitely Pepper’s favorites.
When considering ways to enhance your dog’s life, think about what is commonly important for dogs in general, but also tailor it to your individual pet’s likes.
This finding comes from a study published in Applied Animal Behavior Science, where dogs participated in a two-week class involving either scent work or heel training, followed by judgment bias tests before and after the sessions.
The tests measured how quickly dogs approached an ambiguous bowl placed between locations where food is regularly found versus places where it is never present (the idea being that optimistic dogs expect to find food and reach the bowl faster).
During off-leash walks, allow your dog to utilize his nose. Even on-leash walks, let them explore and sniff around.
Consider scattering treats in safe grassy areas, encouraging your dog to find them using his nose. You can also invest in or create a snuffle mat (a thick rug designed to hide treats); use it around your home when your dog isn’t looking. Alternatively, enroll in a scent class, which can be particularly beneficial for reactive dogs that may respond to certain stimuli with behaviors often mistaken for aggression.
2. Use a variety of snacks
Enhance the rewards used during training. While food is a powerful reinforcement, avoid relying solely on kibble. Experiment with a variety of treats and human snacks like chicken, roast beef, and cheese.
Studies have indicated that dogs are quicker to approach bowls known to contain sausage rather than those with kibble. So, keep in mind that the type of reward matters to them.
Some dogs may prefer a single type of treat, resembling their typical variety over time. Engaging in quick play sessions can also serve as a substantial reward for certain dogs.
If you haven’t adopted a reward-based training approach, it’s time to make a switch. Tools like leashes, prong collars, and shock collars are associated with risks to dog welfare.
3. Make your playtime social
If your dog enjoys the company of other dogs, seek out opportunities for social play. Play is crucial for dogs—especially young ones. Ideally, puppies should participate in closely supervised play sessions in puppy classes to learn about gentle biting and other physical skills.
Play also fulfills an essential social function. While watching your dog play, notice signs like bouncing steps, playful facial expressions, and play bows (where the front legs are on the ground and the back legs are lifted).
Photo credit: Getty
Watch for changes in play activity, such as dogs chasing each other. Older dogs may play less and often prefer to hang out with other dogs instead of engaging in roughhousing or chasing.
If your dog isn’t fond of unfamiliar dogs, stick to interactions with dogs they already enjoy. Conversely, if they don’t particularly like other dogs, spend more time playing with them yourself—it’s also an excellent way to satisfy their playtime needs.
4. Give your dog a safe space
When your dog needs to unwind, provide them with a safe space. This could be a dog bed in a quiet area or a crate with the door left open. Such spaces are vital, particularly in homes with children, or for dogs that may be shy or fearful.
Ensure everyone in the household respects these boundaries. Allow dogs to enter and exit their safe space as they wish and refrain from bothering them. If you need to encourage them out of their safe area, call them rather than forcing them.
5. Get a decent dog bed
Dogs spend a lot of time sleeping, so investing in a quality dog bed is worthwhile. They may not need to mimic your sofa or bed, so disregard assumptions about not letting them on furniture.
Older dogs sleep more than younger adults and might suffer from issues like arthritis, so consider beds that are lower to the ground (for easy access) or provide steps or ramps for reaching furniture.
6. Discover your dog’s preferences
A great tip is to engage in activities that both you and your dog enjoy. Does your dog prefer fetching, pulling, or chasing games? They might also enjoy playing with flirt poles (toys designed for interactive play, akin to cat wands but for dogs) due to their predatory instincts.
Does your dog favor hiking through woods, or visiting parks with splash ponds? Perhaps they just want to cuddle on the couch while watching TV.
Preferences vary by individual dog, so don’t make assumptions. Pay attention to what excites them. Participating in shared activities and spending quality time together can strengthen the bond between humans and their dogs.
Can we add quantum to the internet to enhance safety?
Nicolinino / Aramie
The U.S. military has initiated a program aimed at enhancing traditional communication infrastructures to improve the security of quantum devices and the information shared over the Internet.
Quantum networks utilize the quantum states of particles for information sharing, thereby ensuring high security. For instance, the messages linked to these quantum states cannot be copied without detection due to inherent quantum properties. Consequently, numerous quantum communication networks have already been established globally.
However, the development of a fully functional quantum internet remains restricted due to various unresolved technological challenges. Instead of awaiting the resolution of these issues, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has propelled a program focused on uncovering the immediate advantages of integrating quantum technologies into existing communication networks.
The agency emphasizes its goal of pinpointing practical and beneficial quantum enhancements available in the short term. Allison O’Brien, DARPA Program Manager of the Quantum Organised Network (Quanet) initiative, remarks, “We can’t convert everything from classical to quantum.”
In August, the Quanet team participated in a Hackathon, culminating in a tangible demonstration. Light was placed into a specific quantum state that successfully transmitted images, including the DARPA logo and simple cat graphics. This initial trial of the quantum-enhanced network achieved sufficient bitrate to stream high-resolution videos.
O’Brien indicates that the quantum state demonstrated is just one example of the multitude of quantum properties the Quanet initiative is investigating. Researchers are also delving into “hyperparting,” where multiple light properties are simultaneously linked through the complex nature of quantum entanglement. Initial mathematical models suggest this could allow for the encoding of more secure data within fewer optical signals, optimizing resource use within quantum networks.
Meanwhile, the team is exploring the prospect of generating light with certain quantum-like characteristics, but without fully altering the physical properties at a fundamental level.
Furthermore, Quanet researchers are designing quantum network interface cards that integrate with communication devices to facilitate the transmission and reception of quantum signals.
Numerous questions remain concerning the practical utility of these innovations, including optimal deployment stages and network design levels. However, O’Brien reassures that Quanet is uniting experts in quantum physics, electrical engineering, and networking to comprehensively address these inquiries.
“Quantum networks are not designed to be a universal solution.” states Joseph Lukens from Purdue University, Indiana. They excel in specific tasks, and performing them effectively necessitates some conventional networking components. “The future lies in the automatic integration of quantum networks with traditional ones,” Lukens asserts. He believes that initiatives like Quanet are valuable, despite the numerous questions we still face regarding the potential enhancement of our well-established internet infrastructure.
If this program successfully devises a means for users to activate an ultra-secure “quantum mode” on their devices, it will mark a significant achievement. In that scenario, we could all benefit from these advancements without needing to understand the complexities of quantum physics, says Lukens.
A recent study indicates that a group of astronomers in Pennsylvania, along with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, can determine when and where human deep space transmissions are most likely to be detected by extraterrestrial observers beyond our solar system. They can use observed patterns to inform searches for alien intelligence.
Analysis conducted on deep spacenetwork uplink transmission logs over the last two decades et al. It was found that these emissions mainly targeted the Sun or various planets. Image credit: Gemini AI.
“Humans primarily communicate with probes sent to explore spacecraft and other planets like Mars,” stated Pinken Hwang, a graduate student in Pennsylvania.
“Nevertheless, planets such as Mars do not obstruct entire transmissions, enabling spacecraft or celestial bodies along these interplanetary communication pathways to potentially detect signals.
“This implies that when searching for extraterrestrial communications, we need to consider planets outside our solar system that might align with our signals.”
“SETI researchers frequently scan the universe for indicators of past or current technology, referred to as Technosignatures, as potential signs of intelligent life.”
“By analyzing the direction and frequency of our most prevalent signals, we shed light on where we should enhance our chances of discovering alien technical stations.”
In this research, scientists scrutinized logs from NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN), a global facility that enables two-way radio communication with human-made objects in space, serving as a relay to send commands and receive data from spacecraft.
They meticulously aligned the DSN logs with spacecraft location data to pinpoint the timing and direction of radio communications emanating from Earth.
Even though some countries have their own deep space networks, researchers argue that the NASA-operated DSN effectively represents the types of communications coming from Earth, as NASA has spearheaded the most profound space missions to date.
“The DSN establishes crucial connections between Earth and interplanetary missions, such as the NASA New Horizons spacecraft and the NASA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope.”
“It emits some of humanity’s most powerful and sustained radio signals into space, and the public logs of these transmissions have enabled our team to identify temporal and spatial patterns over the past 20 years.”
This study concentrated on transmissions directed into deep space, such as signals sent to interplanetary spacecraft, rather than those intended for low-Earth orbit satellites.
The researchers found that deep-space radio signals primarily targeted spacecraft close to Mars.
Other frequent transmissions were directed at telescopes situated at the Lagrange points near Earth and various planets. These points are areas where the gravitational forces of the Sun and Earth keep the telescope in a relatively fixed position from the perspective of Earth.
“Based on data from the last 20 years, we found that if extraterrestrial intelligence exists where we can observe the alignment of Earth and Mars, there is a 77% chance it falls within our transmission path.
“Furthermore, if they can see consistency with another planet in a solar system, there is a 12% chance they are on that transmission path.”
“However, these opportunities are quite substantial if planetary alignment is not observed.”
The team emphasized the need for humans to search for interplanetary alignments to enhance their quest for Technosignatures.
Astronomers routinely examine exoplanets during alignments with their host stars. In fact, the majority of known exoplanets were discovered by observing a star dimming as a planet passes in front of it.
“We only recently started detecting a significant number of exoplanets in the last 10 to 20 years, so we still lack knowledge about many systems that include more than two transiting exoplanets,” Fan noted.
“With the imminent launch of NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, we anticipate the detection of 100,000 previously unknown exoplanets, which should significantly expand our search area.”
Our solar system is relatively flat, with most planets orbiting in the same plane, consequently, most DSN transmissions occurred within 5 degrees of Earth’s orbital plane.
If the solar system were metaphorically likened to a dinner plate with planets and objects lying on its surface, human transmissions would predominantly travel along the surface instead of leaping out into space at steep angles.
The authors also calculated that average DSN transmissions can be detected approximately 23 light-years away using telescopes similar to ours.
“Focusing on solar systems within 23 light-years, particularly those aligned in the plane towards Earth, could enhance our search for extraterrestrial intelligence,” they concluded.
The team is currently strategizing on identifying these systems and estimating how often they receive signals from Earth.
“Humanity is still in the early stages of our space exploration journey, and as we extend our missions into the solar system, transmissions to other planets will only increase,” remarked Professor Jason Wright of Penn.
“We have quantified ways to improve future searches for extraterrestrial intelligence by using our deep space communications as a benchmark to target systems with specific orientations and planetary alignments.”
The team’s paper was published online today in the Astrophysics Journal Letters.
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Ping Chen Fan et al. 2025. Detection of extraterrestrial civilizations employing a global-level deep space network. apjl 990, L1; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/adf6b0
Driverless taxis, which have disrupted industries in various US and Chinese cities, are now on their way to London.
As a cyclist, Londoner, and journalist who has closely observed AI developments, I find myself somewhat anxious. Yet, considering the frequent encounters with careless human drivers in London, part of me feels cautiously hopeful.
Ultimately, the question arises: is it preferable to navigate the roads among tired, distracted, and irate humans, or to coexist with potentially erratic AI?
The UK government has affirmed plans for companies like Uber to launch pilot programs featuring self-driving “taxi and bus-like” services in 2026. Following that, in the latter half of 2027, automated vehicle legislation is expected to take effect, establishing a formal legal framework for the industry. Crucially, this law places accountability for accidents on the automakers rather than local residents.
Officials advocate that unmanned vehicles could enhance road safety, given that human error is responsible for 88% of all traffic accidents. The statistics are staggering: London highways reported 130 fatalities last year, which included 66 pedestrians and 10 cyclists. Globally, 1.2 million individuals die in traffic incidents annually.
As someone who cycles often in London, I have firsthand experience with the challenges posed by reckless driving. I’ve witnessed drivers engaging in a variety of distractions, from eating breakfast to watching movies. I have been rear-ended at red lights at least four times. While it is commonly said that AI lacks creativity, humans have certainly mastered the art of poor driving.
In contrast, AI isn’t swayed by distractions such as text messages, alcohol, or fatigue. With numerous sensors, machines lack blind spots and always check their surroundings before making a turn.
Admittedly, there have been alarming reports of autonomous vehicles failing to stop and causing harm to pedestrians. These incidents garner significant media attention. However, considering the numerous fatalities attributed to human drivers, the statistics of road deaths paint a less sensational picture. In the UK, more than four people die daily in traffic accidents.
The safety concerns surrounding autonomous vehicles are complex. While I believe that every road fatality is unacceptable, there exists a compelling argument that if AI can travel the same distance with fewer casualties, it shouldn’t be demonized in the pursuit of progress.
“
I have doubts about whether self-driving cars can differentiate pedestrians from shadows. “
Research indicates that driverless cars often outperform human-driven vehicles in terms of safety, although this advantage may not consistently hold in urban environments, particularly under poor lighting or during complex maneuvers.
These vehicles depend on technology companies to ensure their safety, raising questions about potential conflicts of interest relating to profit versus safety. We have already seen concerning suggestions to equip pedestrians with electronic sensors to enhance their visibility to these machines.
When it comes to cyclists, can tech companies ensure they maintain a 1.5-meter buffer when a robocar passes, or will they simply prioritize not hitting cyclists? The latter might streamline urban travel times, but could pose risks to vulnerable cyclists. Furthermore, to what extent will autonomous vehicles pause to allow pedestrians to fully cross the street, or will they encourage hurried crossings? These parameters can be influenced, and there are inevitably tensions between safety and travel efficiency.
Even if a company aims to act benevolently, AI systems are inherently unpredictable. Just as chatbots can suggest erroneous ingredients, self-driving cars cannot guarantee they won’t misinterpret a pedestrian as a shadow. It’s an unsettling truth.
Personally, I harbor reservations about AI operating vehicles in my vicinity, just as I do about human drivers. However, while human capabilities can improve with time and effort, AI has the potential for rapid advancement. The roll-out of automated taxis in London could provide invaluable data that enhances the safety of our roads. Ultimately, if given a choice, I would prefer an AI driver.
Nevertheless, the stark reality remains: a few tons of steel on four wheels—combined with high-tech systems—will never constitute a wholly safe or efficient urban transport solution. Self-driving taxis may mirror today’s human-operated models, ultimately not resolving London’s transport challenges.
Electric bikes and dedicated cycle lanes are environmentally friendly and often more efficient for city travel, while buses can accommodate multiple passengers, utilizing the space of two SUVs. However, such solutions may not yield substantial profits for big tech companies, will they?
Matt Week
What I’m reading
How music works by Talking Heads frontman David Byrne.
What I’m seeing
Horror movies I’ll bring her back (It’s true, through the hands that cover their eyes at the moment).
What I’m working on
Next spring, I plan to plant various cuttings in my garden to fill empty spaces.
Matt Sparkes is a technology reporter for New Scientist
Cold Fusion, once a notorious name in the scientific community, is experiencing a resurgence. Researchers are revisiting earlier experiments that suggested room-temperature fusion, hinting at the potential for energy generation akin to that of the Sun, but without the extreme heat typically required. Although the initial claims were thoroughly scrutinized, recent iterations of this research have found ways to enhance fusion rates, even if they still fall short of producing usable energy.
Nuclear fusion involves merging atomic nuclei under extreme temperature and pressure, releasing energy in the process. This phenomenon naturally occurs in stars like our Sun, but replicating it on Earth for energy use has proven to be a significant challenge. Despite aspirations for commercial fusion reactors dating back to the 1950s, we haven’t yet managed to build one that yields more energy than it consumes.
The tide seemed to turn in 1989 when chemists Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann at the University of Utah reported that they had achieved nuclear fusion at room temperature using palladium rods submerged in water injected with neutron-rich heavy water and subjected to an electric current. This process generated unexpected heat spikes that surpassed predictions for standard chemical reactions, leading them to believe significant levels of nuclear fusion were occurring.
Dubbed Cold Fusion, this experiment captivated interest for its implication of a simpler, cleaner energy source compared to conventional hot fusion. However, the excitement quickly faded as researchers worldwide failed to replicate the observed heat anomalies.
Recently, Curtis Berlinguette and his team at the University of British Columbia have developed a novel tabletop particle accelerator, drawing inspiration from the original research conducted by Pons and Fleischmann.
“Cold fusion was dismissed back in 1989 due to the inability to replicate the findings. Our setup is designed for reproducibility, enabling verification by others,” Berlinguette explains. “We don’t claim to have discovered an energy miracle; our goal is to advance scientific understanding and provide reliable data to make fusion more attainable and interdisciplinary.”
Similar to the initial cold fusion experiment, the current research employs deuterium and palladium, which are hydrogen isotopes containing neutrons. The Thunderbird reactor utilizes a deuterium nucleus and a concentrated high-energy beam directed at a palladium electrode. This method prompts the palladium to absorb these high-energy particles and facilitates fusion by increasing the saturation of deuterium in the material.
To enhance fusion rates, the researchers incorporated an electrochemical device filled with deuterium oxide (heavy water). This device breaks down the heavy water into deuterium and oxygen, allowing the deuterium to be absorbed by the electrodes, boosting the quantity of deuterium available for fusion. “An essential takeaway from our 1989 experiment was the use of electrochemistry to introduce hydrogen fuel to the electrodes,” Berlinguette emphasizes.
As a result, the researchers noted a 15% increase in neutron production, correlating with a rise in fusion rates, though it only generates a billionth of a watt—far less than the 15 watts required to operate the device. “We’re just a few orders of magnitude away from powering your home with these reactors,” Berlinguette states.
While the experiment is notably inspired by the 1989 research, the current work indicates that the primary source of fusion comes from the powerful deuteron beam, rather than the electrochemistry proposed by Pons and Fleischmann. Anthony Ksernak from Imperial College London notes, “This is not an unknown phenomenon; it’s about colliding deuterium with a solid target and achieving what appears to be a fusion event,” noting the energy from the high-energy particles is equivalent to hundreds of millions of Kelvins.
Ksernak acknowledges that the 15% increase in deuterium saturation in palladium is modest, but he sees potential in experimenting with different metals for the electrodes in future research.
Berlinguette remains hopeful that the fusion rate can be elevated by redesigning the reactor. Recent unpublished work from a colleague suggests that merely altering the shape of the electrodes might yield a four-order magnitude increase in the fusion rate, though it would still fall short of the levels required for practical applications.
Even if higher fusion rates aren’t achieved, Berlinguette believes the electrochemical technique for enhancing deuterium loading in metals could be beneficial for developing high-temperature superconductors. Many promising superconducting materials, known for their zero electrical resistance and potential to transform global electrical systems, are metals that incorporate significant hydrogen amounts. Traditionally, creating these materials demands excessive pressure and energy; however, the electrochemical systems used in Thunderbird reactors could streamline the process with much less energy expenditure, according to Berlinguette.
Cern and Mont Blanc, Dark and Frozen Matter: Switzerland and France
Prepare to be amazed by CERN, the European Centre for Particle Physics. Here, researchers operate the renowned Large Hadron Collider situated near the picturesque Swiss city of Geneva.
Herpes Virus Assists in Treating Severe Skin Cancer
Science Photo Library/Alamy
The virus exhibits significant promise in treating various cancer types, yet immune responses limit its use primarily to tumors located near the skin’s surface. Current research demonstrates that employing genetically modified bacteria to envelop these viruses may mitigate this issue, effectively slowing the advancement of aggressive tumors in mouse models.
Several treatments utilizing oncolytic viruses have received global approval for targeting cancers of the skin, brain, and head and neck. These methods often involve injecting engineered viruses directly into tumors, which then disperse and destroy cancer cells.
However, targeting deeper tumors necessitates injecting the virus into the bloodstream, where the immune system swiftly eradicates it before it can reach the desired site.
To circumvent this challenge, Zachary Singer and his team at Columbia University, New York, are using genetically modified Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria that do not elicit a strong immune response. These bacteria have been engineered to harbor the genome of Seneca virus A, a virus shown to effectively eliminate human cancer cells in laboratory and animal studies.
“We are adopting a Trojan horse strategy where bacteria conceal the virus [from the immune system],” remarks Singer. These bacteria are designed to infiltrate cancer cells and release copies of the viral genome upon entry.
To test their hypothesis, researchers induced neurotumors on mice’s backs. A week later, they administered the bacteria carrying the virus. This was referred to as a capsid, which entered about half the mouse’s blood. The other group received Seneca virus A without the bacteria.
Within a day, they noted that fluorescent-tagged capsids had concentrated within the tumor, a reaction that typically dampens the immune response. In contrast, capsids remaining in the bloodstream or reaching healthy tissue were swiftly eliminated by the immune system, according to Singer.
On average, tumors in the Seneca virus A-only group reached their maximum size in 11 days, necessitating euthanasia for ethical reasons. Conversely, tumors in the capsid group took 21 days to reach the same size, with no mice experiencing notable side effects.
“The data appears truly remarkable,” states Guy Simpson from the University of Surrey, UK. The findings have shown effectiveness against rapidly growing tumors, particularly those arising from neurons, but he suggests it may be even more beneficial for slower-growing tumors.
In a separate aspect of the experiment, the researchers discovered that the capsid entirely eradicated human lung tumors implanted on mouse backs, yet they did not include controls that received Seneca virus A on its own.
Before human trials, additional studies on mice and non-human primates should assess its efficacy against a broader spectrum of tumors, including pancreatic cancer, which has notoriously low survival rates, advises Simpson.
Yoga has emerged as the leading practice for enhancing sleep
ShutterStock/Drazen Zigic
After a poor night’s sleep, the last thing I feel like doing is working out, even though I know it could help me rest better. The idea of intense physical activity when I’m sleep-deprived doesn’t seem appealing. However, I was astonished to discover that pushing yourself at the gym may not be the most effective strategy for improving sleep.
A recent review of 22 studies involving over 1,300 adults suffering from insomnia evaluated how seven exercise-related interventions influenced sleep. It was found that gentler activities like yoga and Tai Chi contribute more positively to sleep quality than intense workouts, such as strength training and aerobic exercises.
Yoga (as shown in the image) has been linked with an increase in total sleep time by nearly 2 hours compared to the control group, surpassing the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy. Traditional insomnia treatments boost sleep by merely about an hour, while Tai Chi results in a 52-minute increase. Instead of helping individuals sleep longer, exercising diminished the frequency of awakenings and shortened the duration it took to fall asleep.
I must admit I found these findings surprising. I had thought one reason exercise helps improve sleep is because it tires you out. However, the results suggest this isn’t the case; intense physical activity had minimal impact on sleep.
Then what about those gentle exercises that are major contributors to better sleep? Their effectiveness may lie in their focus on breath control and bodily awareness. Research indicates that mindfulness practices, along with activities like Yoga and Tai Chi, diminish the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which manages our fight or flight responses. This leads to reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and levels of the stress hormone cortisol, ultimately alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms that can disrupt sleep.
However, these findings don’t suggest that other types of exercise lack value for those with insomnia. In fact, walking and jogging showed the most significant reductions in insomnia severity index scores, which assess sleep quality alongside its effects on mood, attention, and memory. Although walking and jogging didn’t seem to improve sleep duration, the reduced severity scores might indicate that mild aerobic activities assist in mitigating the daytime impacts of insomnia.
I truly appreciate this kind of research. I believe that exercise encompasses more than just pushing your body to its limits. If I’m not physically drained, I can find myself thinking that my workouts don’t matter, but that’s simply not accurate! Interestingly, reducing the intensity seems to have its unique advantages, including enhanced sleep quality. Plus, unrolling my yoga mat feels more manageable after a night of poor sleep than logging miles on the treadmill.
Grace Wade is a health reporter for New Scientist based in the US
While many anticipate retirement, staying active in the workforce during later years can enhance your happiness—particularly for men.
Increasing numbers of people are extending their careers. According to a report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 28.9% of individuals aged 65 to 69 across 38 member countries were still employed in 2023, up from 15.9% in 2000. However, the overall effects on well-being remain largely unexplored.
To delve into this topic, Alisa Lewin from Haifa University and Haya Stear from Tel Aviv University analyzed social survey data from Israel’s Central Bureau of Statistics. They compared the experiences of over 3,300 women and more than 2,000 men who reached 62 and 67 years of age, respectively.
The researchers found that individuals with lower household incomes were more inclined to work full-time. Notably, the men reported financial, family, emotional, and overall life satisfaction levels that were equal to or exceeded those who were not employed.
This trend held true regardless of the nature of their full-time employment. Meanwhile, women showed an increase in family and economic satisfaction.
“Men, even today, still recognize their responsibilities in providing for their families and achieving workplace success,” notes Carrie Cooper from the University of Manchester, UK.
Results concerning the happiness of participants working part-time were more variable. Outcomes differed based on job type, satisfaction metrics, and participant gender.
Those who began with higher happiness levels tended to work full-time later in life, which could have influenced the findings. Cooper cautions that the results may not be applicable to other cultures or countries.
Sirius Binary Star System Captured with a Neurotype Camera
Satyapreet Singh, Chetan Singh Thakur, Nirupam Roy, Indian Institute of Science, India
Neurotype cameras, designed to emulate human vision, offer significant benefits for astronomers by enabling the capture of both bright and dim celestial objects in a single frame. This allows for tracking swift-moving entities without the risk of motion blur.
Unlike conventional digital cameras that sample a grid of pixels multiple times per second, recording data for each pixel each time, neurotype cameras, or event cameras, function quite differently. Each pixel is activated only if there’s a change in brightness at that specific location. If the brightness remains constant, no new data is saved, resembling how the human eye processes visual information.
This innovative approach presents various benefits. By recording only changing pixels, less data is generated while maintaining a much higher frame rate. Furthermore, these cameras measure light on a logarithmic scale, enabling the detection of fainter objects next to brighter ones that may saturate conventional camera images.
To investigate the potential of this technology for astronomical applications, Chetan Singh Thakur and his team at the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru mounted a neurotype camera on a 1.3-meter telescope at the Aliyabatta Observatory in Uttarkhand, India.
Sirius A is approximately 10,000 times brighter than Sirius B, making it challenging to capture both in a single image using traditional sensors, as noted by Mark Norris from the University of Central Lancashire, UK, who was not part of the study.
According to Singh Thakur, neurotype cameras excel at tracking fast-moving objects due to their high frame rates. “For high-speed objects, you can capture their movement without blur, unlike conventional cameras,” he explains.
Telescopes typically utilize multiple sensors that can be swapped as needed. Norris points out that a neurotype camera could serve as an additional tool for viewing scenarios where both very bright and very faint objects need to be observed concurrently, or for quickly moving targets like the recently identified interstellar object 3i/Atlas.
Traditionally, to follow fast-moving objects, astronomers would need to pan the telescope. However, neurotype cameras can accurately track the movement of these objects precisely while maintaining background details and resolving their locations.
“Do you want to know the brightness of an object or its location? In quantum mechanics, you can’t ascertain both at the same instant,” Norris states. “This technology offers a potential method to achieve both simultaneously.”
While neurotype cameras provide unique advantages, they may not replace all sensor applications. Their resolution is typically lower than that of charge-coupled devices (CCDs), which are commonly used in digital cameras, achieving an efficiency of about 78% compared to the 95% efficiency of CCDs. This disparity makes traditional sensors more effective at capturing dim objects near their detection limits.
From shimmering sapphire waterfalls to rain made of lava, these distant planets redefine the boundaries of possibility. Discover ten exoplanets that are overturning the Cosmic Rulebook.
Surgical Scratches No More
While still in the womb, we all have the ability to heal without scars… yet we’ve never experienced birth. Outside the uterus, healing comes at the cost of scars, which serve as painful reminders of past injuries. Currently, researchers are exploring methods for achieving scar-free healing.
Ancestral Journeys
Our forebears encountered and mingled with more diverse groups than previously thought during their migrations from Africa. As Homo sapiens spread across the globe, they explored more broadly than earlier estimates indicated. Recent findings are painting a richer, more complex picture of our early human history.
Hearing Loss and Dementia
Research is increasingly highlighting potential connections between hearing loss and dementia. Addressing hearing loss can bring significant advantages, delving into how it influences the risk of dementia development.
Additionally
Gene-Edited Foods: GMO pork has been approved in the U.S. Here’s what you need to understand.
Strategies for Longevity: From intermittent fasting to low-protein diets, emerging research is shedding light on dietary restrictions as pivotal to a longer life.
Q&A: Your questions answered! This month: Why do dogs enjoy playing with trash? Should I try a banana facial? How much of our lives do we spend blinking? What will the future of space exploration look like? Can anything on Earth endure conditions like those on Mars? What’s the most unusual satellite in the universe? How do you determine when to move on from past aspirations? Why is there an increase in ADHD diagnoses among women nearing menopause? And more…
Issue 422 Launching Tuesday, July 29th, 2025
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A growing number of children are taking breaks from their smartphones to enhance their mental health, personal safety, and focus, according to recent research.
Experts emphasize that this trend is a response to increased awareness about the potential harm of unchecked social media and smartphone use, rather than merely excessive time spent online.
Research from an audience analysis firm reveals that the percentage of 12-15-year-olds who are stepping away from smartphones, computers, and iPads has surged by 40%, up from 18% in 2022 Golden Week. This data stems from a survey involving 20,000 young individuals and their parents across 18 nations.
Professor Sonia Livingston, Director of LSE’s Digital Futures for Children Center, noted that these findings will soon be published. According to the study, children and teens are exploring varied methods to manage how their online experiences impact their well-being—such as taking breaks from social media, diverting from online negativity, seeking positive internet experiences, and, in some cases, completely quitting social media.
Livingston remarked:
“They’re trying out various strategies to safeguard their well-being without completely abandoning social media. They are communicating about what works best for them and are aware of future implications.”
Daisy Greenwell, co-founder of Smart Phone Free Childhood, added:
“Many young individuals realize that these platforms are not impartial. They are designed to capture attention. Their time, focus, and self-worth are often exploited by major corporations. Taking a break has turned into a form of rebellion.”
This notion is echoed in Ofcom’s findings. A report from 2024 indicates thatone-third (33%) of 8-17 year-olds online believe their screen time is excessive. Additionally, another study found that 47% of 16-24-year-olds on social media had disabled notifications and utilized “do not disturb” mode, an increase from 40% in 2023, in contrast to 28% of older users.
Thirty-four percent of youth are more inclined to intentionally take breaks from social media (up from 23% who would not), 29% uninstall apps that consume too much time (compared to 19% who do not), and 24% remove apps for mental health reasons (up from 13%).
David Ellis, Professor of Behavioral Science at Bath University, observed that teens may possess more control over their smartphone and social media usage than their parents.
Ellis stated: “If someone reduces their screen time and increases physical activity, it’s generally seen as a positive change, potentially replacing that time with something more beneficial.”
A young man aged 18 to 25 shared with the Guardian that he previously felt his parents’ generation lacked guidance on smartphone usage, granting too much access. He mentioned he would limit smartphone access for his children until their late teens.
Recent surveys show that nearly half of young people envision a world without the internet and many support digital curfews; however, after using social media, more than three-quarters expressed negative feelings about themselves.
According to GWI Research, social media addiction ranks among the top parental worries, alongside climate change, war, and housing issues. Furthermore, 8% of parents reported becoming stricter with screen time limits after viewing documentaries about the risks associated with online misconduct.
Numerous intriguing claims about gardening have circulated, especially one that insists, “The soil acts as an antidepressant.”
According to this notion, it’s been promoted through countless social media posts. Mycobacterium vaccae, microorganisms commonly found in soil, are said to improve your mood. Simply engaging with the earth can yield these benefits. It’s believed that these bacteria can be absorbed through your skin or inhaled, subsequently enhancing your brain chemistry. But is this as credible as it seems?
While these claims may appear peculiar at first glance, studies have indeed explored the effects of this microorganism on various health conditions, such as eczema and cancer. Interestingly, M. vaccae was first identified in Ugandan soil samples while scientists sought a non-lethal relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it has potential as a form of immunotherapy.
Researchers became intrigued by its possible benefits for depression when lung cancer patients treated with this bacteria reported improvements in their quality of life, which was an unexpected yet welcomed side effect. Current research, likely indicating an uplift in mood, has been replicated across numerous well-designed studies. Thus, the internet is rife with memes about this finding.
However, there is a caveat. All studies specifically examining this hypothesis have been conducted on mice rather than humans, which is significant because the outcomes of animal studies are often difficult to extrapolate to humans. For instance, one review of 76 animal studies found that only 37% were replicated in human trials.
Moreover, the mice used in the M. vaccae studies were male and from specific inbred strains. Researchers varied their methods for administering the bacteria, either by saturating the air in their cages or applying it directly to their skin. Most studies I found involved injecting the bacteria into the bloodstream of the mice or incorporating it into their food.
As someone captivated by the growing evidence that suggests spending time in green spaces improves mental health, I eagerly anticipate further research on M. vaccae. Nevertheless, despite the viral nature of the claim that “soil is an antidepressant,” it’s essential to acknowledge that it primarily stems from studies on male mice injected with purified bacteria.
James Wong is a botanist and science writer with a particular focus on food crops, conservation, and the environment. He trained at the Royal Botanic Garden in Kew, London, and shares a small flat with over 500 houseplants.Follow him on X and Instagram @BotanyGeek
For more projects, please visit newscientist.com/maker
A key to nurturing a healthy relationship might involve gazing into the faces of those glued to their smartphones.
Recent research Published in Journal Plos One indicates that incorporating emojis in text messages strengthens personal connections and enhances satisfaction.
Researchers from the University of Texas conducted a study with 260 participants aged 23 to 67, asking them to review 15 text message exchanges differing solely by the presence of emojis.
Participants were prompted to envision themselves as the sender of each message while analyzing the recipient’s response, gauging aspects like responsiveness, likability, intimacy, and overall relationship satisfaction.
The findings showed that individuals who included emojis in their texts were perceived as more emotionally aware in their interactions compared to those who used text alone.
Moreover, emojis served as nonverbal indicators of attention and emotional investment.
Luke McGregor, 42, and Amy Thunig-McGregor, 37, shared their experiences with emoji use.
Luke recounted that he had to adapt to integrating emojis in his messages to Amy, as he hadn’t been a frequent emoji user at the relationship’s start.
“I traditionally didn’t use emojis much, but once I got together with Amy, I noticed she used them frequently. There were vulnerabilities and challenges I needed to overcome to start using them myself,” McGregor explained.
Emojis are significant for Amy Thunig-McGregor and her partner Luke McGregor.
“I wanted Amy to feel cherished, so regularly sending her emojis to express my affection was crucial for me, especially initially,” he mentioned.
Amy highlighted the effectiveness of emojis in enhancing communication.
“Both of us are autistic, which makes context essential… emojis help clarify tone and intention in ways that plain text can’t achieve,” they stated.
Dr. Raquel Peel, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Central Queensland and not involved in the study, noted that emojis can be a creative solution when face-to-face interactions aren’t possible with partners.
“I don’t believe emojis can replace direct interactions in intimate relationships. Yet, we must recognize that such interactions aren’t always viable,” Peel remarked.
“If meeting your partner isn’t feasible, using emojis becomes a valuable alternative.”
She advised not to undervalue communication in a relationship, emphasizing the need to stay connected in every possible way.
“Many forget that relationships benefit from humor and enjoyment,” Peel explained.
“If emojis can fulfill that role, they contribute to fun and connection through humor, which is incredibly important.”
Can flashy technology directly influence the regulation of hormones within your body and mind? By the year 2035, a myriad of options had emerged on the market. Morning pick-me-ups? Do you stimulate desire when you settle down for the night? Or perhaps a period of immunity to discomfort? It’s all now within reach.
This innovation began in 2027, when daily treatments for severe surface and internal abrasions were developed within a living dressing. This dressing belonged to a class of engineered Biological Materials (ELM) that produce enzymes and antibiotics to expedite healing.
ELM is also utilized in the production of fermented beverage kombucha, inspired by the biofilm that can form in vinegar. Known as the “mother” layer, biofilms are living substances and symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeast (Scoby). In vinegar, Scoby transforms alcohol into acetic acid, while in kombucha, it generates acetic acid and other compounds from sweetened tea. However, crafting unique synthetic scobies (sin-sobies) with gene-edited yeasts and bacteria can generate the essential enzymes, nutrients, and hormones. In 2021, a team from Imperial College London developed programmable Scobys using Baker’s yeast, easily modified to produce various compounds.
The first widely adopted Syn-Scoby was a medical material, stored in a dormant state within emergency kits and surgical units. When required, the material, now referred to as the Heal Me patch, is extracted and applied to the affected area. Once exposed to oxygen, the yeast is reactivated to convert its cellulose matrix into the necessary compounds. These include protein-degrading enzymes that swiftly dismantle dead and damaged tissues, alongside other enzymes that mitigate pain and inflammation, thereby accelerating recovery.
Following successful medical applications, Syn-Scobys were devised in the 2030s for numerous uses, extending from contaminant detection in the environment to delivering vital nutrients, enzymes, and hormones. Syn-Scobys replaced the bionic pancreas utilized by individuals with type 1 diabetes for insulin production and blood glucose control. Other variants emitted a luminescent protein upon identifying specific contaminants, metals, or pathogens in the surroundings.
Military researchers created patches that produce adrenaline and testosterone to alleviate pain and enhance aggression. However, Heal Me patches had direct access to the bloodstream via human wounds, exposing the compounds to digestive enzymes before absorption. To counter this, scientists engineered patches intended to be implanted in the thighs or abdomen. When soldiers required a boost, an activating enzyme was injected at the implant site. This initiating enzyme activates the Syn-Scoby within the patch and releases the desired compounds into the bloodstream.
Activate your customized living implants to enhance focus, aggression, stamina, and pain tolerance.
Customized living implants can be triggered as needed to amplify focus, aggression, endurance, and pain resistance. Recreational Synscobi is designed to generate stimulants, psychedelics, and libido enhancers.
The array of embedded patches is now available for immediate use. They secrete leptin to mimic solid leptin and inhibit ghrelin, which triggers hunger. Another variant allows live implants to produce semaglutide drugs such as Mounjaro, Wegovy, and Ozempic to suppress the urge to eat or drink, focusing on generating drugs like modafinil and oxiracetam that enhance cognitive function and memory retention.
For recreational purposes, psychoactive compounds like psilocybin are secreted, easily synthesized from gene-edited yeast. Users are filled with oxytocin and serotonin, fostering feelings of love, joy, and sexual desire. Dream Me facilitates controllable dreaming and stages of restful sleep, offering two options: Lucid and Black Out.
The most exclusive and sought-after implant was the Juve Me series, which generated various anti-aging compounds known as cytopathy and gathered senomorphic substances such as rapamycin and metformin that clear senescent cells and rejuvenate aged cells. Unlike many other ELMs, which have a temporary existence within the body before being metabolized, Juve Me implants were purposefully designed to be self-sustaining. It represents a symbiotic being living harmoniously within a fortunate individual, supplying nutrients essential for the implant’s longevity and vitality.
Hat Tips for Iain M. Banks’s culture The novels serve as inspiration for my symbiotic implants, which align with the bank’s concept of “Granding.”
Rowan Hooper is the podcast editor for New Scientist and author of How to Spend $1 Trillion: These are 10 global issues that can realistically be addressed. Follow him on Bluesky @rowhoop.bsky.social
Feedback, featuring the latest in science and technology news from New Scientist, invites readers to share captivating items. Email your suggestions to Feedback@newscientist.com.
Bleaker House
Feedback states that one of life’s great joys is encapsulated in the opening line of a book: “It was the day my grandmother exploded.” As the performance manager sat before the curtains in the hall, a profound melancholy enveloped him amidst the crowded scene. “Why not start at the end of the world?”
This sentiment has resonated with many, including ourselves, as we contemplate recent literature. An article in the New Yorker examines the impact of artificial intelligence on the reading experience. The assertion is that AI may render complex prose into something more accessible.
Writer Joshua Rothman illustrated this with a passage from Charles Dickens’ intricately worded opening in Great Expectations: “Gas lamps flicker in the mist of the street, just as the sun dips low, accompanied by her husband and the ploughboy returning from the field.” AI Claude rephrased it: “Gas lamps glow faintly through the mist in various parts of the street, just as the sun appears to farmers working in fog-covered fields.”
On some level, it seems Claude managed to capture an essence of Dickens’ intent, yet elements like cadence and rhythm profoundly affect the reading experience. The phrase “various spots” feels jarring when read. Additionally, I question whether the sole goal of the passage is simply to convey a misty atmosphere. In Great Expectations, the tension and evocative language—words like “loom” and “sponge”—convey a deeper mood.
But literary analysis aside, let’s ponder what other dense passages AI might simplify for easier understanding. Adam Sharp has already given some examples. Take, for instance, Sylvia Plath’s opening in The Bell Jar: “It was a strange, sultry summer, the summer they electrocuted Rosenberg, and I had no idea what I was doing in New York.” Sharp offers the following summary: “It was sizzling hot that summer, and so was Rosenberg.”
What about Jane Austen’s intro? Pride and Prejudice states: “It is a universally acknowledged truth that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” We can certainly simplify it: “It’s well-known that wealthy single men are looking to marry.” We encourage readers to identify similar complex passages ripe for AI’s simplification.
I’ll Burn It Before I See It
Recently, Brian Darbell received a DVD of the movie Conclave, and a yellow sticker on the back caused him theological confusion: “Security: Remove before microwave.” Now that’s one way to create white smoke.
The Truth About Storks
Feedback was surprised when readers reminded them that correlation does not equal causation. What triggered this revelation?
Jim Handman highlighted two peculiar correlations. The number of pirates worldwide has decreased nearly in tandem with rising global temperatures, leading to the slogan: “Stop global warming: Become a pirate.”
Conversely, murder rates often increase alongside ice cream sales. Jim quipped, “This latter correlation seems silly. However, there’s a logical explanation.” Warmer climates encourage outdoor activities, fostering social interactions that inadvertently create more opportunities for both ice cream sales and crime. Notably, this rings true for me: I once went out for ice cream only to have it snatched by a seagull. Lesson learned—I’m now enjoying ice cream indoors, far from marauding seabirds.
The third correlation we discussed in a recent column involves the relationship between stork populations and the number of children born. Initially, we dismissed this correlation. Nevertheless, three readers offered insight.
Hilary Shaw suggested an environmental link: “Storks prefer nesting in elevated locations such as chimneys or church spires. Affluent societies with low birth rates often replace ‘unsightly pylons’ with buried cables and do not install chimneys in centrally heated homes.”
Paul Van echoed this thought, recalling his A-level statistics days, noting a positive correlation between the number of stork nests in Dutch neighborhoods and family size. His explanation? “Larger families tend to occupy bigger homes with more chimneys, thus providing more stork nesting options.”
Finally, Brian Lefin Smith noted a riverbank in Germany, known for its abundance of storks crouching to pick up items. Brian mentioned spotting an “unopened condom wrapper” twice, prompting the question: “Are storks pilfering to ensure more babies, thus creating a cycle of self-interest?” He provided a crucial insight: “Malicious intent is often absent from statistical correlations.”
Reflect on that and identify the most plausible correlation.
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Share your stories via email at feedback@newscientist.com. Please include your home address. You can find this week’s feedback and past entries on our website.
There are no specific foods that are prohibited while using Ozempic (semaglutide), which is prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes and may assist in weight loss.
However, the following recommendations can help maximize your weight loss efforts and promote a sustainable, healthy diet over time.
Foods to Increase…
1. High-fiber foods
Fiber slows the digestion process and enhances the effectiveness of Ozempic in emptying the stomach, helping you feel full longer and preventing blood sugar spikes.
Examples of high-fiber foods include vegetables (like leafy greens, carrots, broccoli, etc.), fruits (such as apples, berries, oranges, etc.), and whole grains like oats.
High-fiber options like oats and fruits can slow sugar release and support gut health – Credit: Zeljkosantrac
2. Lean protein
Incorporating lean proteins such as chicken, fish, and plant-based proteins helps stabilize blood sugar levels.
3. Healthy fats
Sources of healthy fats like avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil provide sustained energy and assist in blood sugar regulation without causing spikes.
4. Low-glycemic foods
Foods with a low glycemic index, such as sweet potatoes and non-starchy vegetables, can help prevent rapid increases in blood glucose levels.
Processed and fried foods may exacerbate the side effects of semaglutide, including nausea – Credit: Alexander Spatari via Getty
Foods to Reduce…
1. Sugary treats
Candies, pastries, sodas, and other sweet snacks can cause spikes in blood sugar and contribute to nausea and other digestive issues.
2. Processed and Fried Foods
These foods are typically high in unhealthy fats, salts, and preservatives, which can worsen nausea and interfere with blood sugar control.
3. Spicy Foods
Due to the delayed gastric emptying caused by Ozempic, spicy or heavy foods may lead to nausea or gastrointestinal discomfort.
4. Alcohol
Individuals taking Ozempic may experience reduced alcohol tolerance, so it’s wise to be mindful of consumption. Additionally, alcohol contains calories that won’t aid in weight loss.
This article addresses the question posed by Jamil Pierce from Surrey: “What are the best and worst foods to eat while on Ozempic?”
Please reach out to submit your questionsto Question @sciencefocus.com or message us viaFacebook,Twitter, orInstagram(please include your name and location).
Explore our ultimateFun factsand more fascinating science content.
Building strong friendships may seem like a natural process—finding joy in each other’s presence, sharing laughter, and bonding over common interests. However, the unspoken dynamics of different types of friendships can often be complex. Recent research has shed light on the significance of these relationships in our overall happiness. Yet, there are strategies for nurturing meaningful connections.
This article is a part of our special series that explores how experts view some of the most intriguing concepts in science. Click here for additional information.
Jeffrey Hall, Director of the Relationships and Technology Labs at the University of Kansas, is among the researchers examining ways to cultivate friendships. He suggests viewing friendships as a spectrum—from mere acquaintances to our closest confidants who remain by our side.
“The fundamental requirement is mutual liking and a communication frequency that allows the relationship to develop,” he states. “Trust and a sense of safety in sharing secrets are expected, along with prioritizing each other above others.”
Time invested in a friendship is crucial, as highlighted by Hall’s research. In a series of studies, he had participants recently relocated to a new city map out their social lives. He found that individuals must spend about 57-164 hours with someone before they are deemed “friends,” while developing “good” or “best” friendships typically requires around 200 hours together.
The quality of time spent together is also vital. “Engaging in daily activities—eating, drinking, playing, exploring—helps cement these bonds because we want to share those moments with them,” says Hall, co-author of the upcoming book Social Biome, which delves into these themes. Conversely, being compelled to interact through work or study does little to foster genuine friendships.
It’s common to find ourselves gravitating toward individuals who share common traits. Over the last decade, anthropologist Robin Dunbar from Oxford University identified seven key attributes in “pillars of friendship.” These pillars represent deep connections stemming from shared language, culture, education, career experiences, interests, worldviews, humor, and musical tastes.
He notes that we may share only one or two of these pillars with around 150 people we identify as friends, while only five close companions and about six to seven truly good friends exist in our lives, as mentioned in his book Friends: Understanding the Influence of Our Most Important Relationships.
Interestingly, friends may even share similar brain activity patterns. In a 2018 study, Carolyn Parkinson at UCLA had students watch a series of videos in an fMRI scanner. The results showed that she could predict friendships based on similarities in their brain responses to the clips, indicating that closer friends often have synchronized neural activity.
As discussed in my book, Connection Law, Parkinson’s research explores the concept of shared reality. This idea suggests that having a mutual perspective on the world enhances relationships. “These individuals focus on similar aspects of life and share similar emotional responses to their experiences,” she notes.
Can these connections exist digitally? Hall believes they can. “Communicating via phone or video with loved ones is likely just as beneficial as in-person interactions,” he asserts. “Creating regular opportunities for digital communication can help maintain and enrich these relationships.”
Explore more articles in this series by following the links below:
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Chicago School of Medicine and Columbia University revealed that increasing fruit and vegetable intake to five cups daily, as recommended by dietary guidelines, is linked to a 16% enhancement in sleep quality.
Borge et al. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake during the day was found to be associated with improved sleep that same night. Image credit: Guillermo Gavilla.
Observational studies have shown that diets of high quality correlate with better sleep quality.
Despite this, a deeper comprehension of this relationship is essential, as dietary changes could represent novel and natural methods for enhancing sleep.
“We have been striving to maximize our lives,” stated Dr. Esla Tasari, director of the Sleep Center at the University of Chicago.
“The temporal associations and objectively measured outcomes from this study are significant in addressing gaps in crucial public health knowledge.”
Earlier observational research indicated that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables was connected to improved self-reported overall sleep quality, but this latest study is the first to establish a temporal link between specific daily food choices and objectively measured sleep quality.
Healthy young adults in this study recorded their daily food intake through an app and wore wrist monitors to allow researchers to obtain objective measurements of their sleep patterns.
The researchers focused on sleep fragmentation, which indicates the frequency of awakenings during sleep or transitions into deep sleep throughout the night.
They discovered that meal choices had significant correlations with differences in sleep quality the following night.
Participants consuming more fruits and vegetables during the day experienced deeper, more uninterrupted sleep that night, similar to those who included healthy carbohydrates like whole grains.
Based on their findings and statistical modeling, scientists estimate that those who adhere to the CDC’s recommendation of five cups of fruits and vegetables per day could see a 16% improvement in sleep quality compared to those who do not consume these foods.
“A 16% difference is substantial,” said Dr. Tasari.
“It’s remarkable that such significant changes can be detected within just 24 hours.”
Future studies will aim to establish causal relationships, expand the findings to diverse populations, and explore the underlying mechanisms of digestion, neurology, and metabolism that may clarify the positive effects of fruits and vegetables on sleep quality.
Nevertheless, based on current evidence, the authors strongly recommend maintaining a diet rich in complex carbohydrates, fruits, and vegetables for optimal long-term sleep health.
“They are making a difference,” remarked Dr. Marie Pierre St. Onge, director of the Center for Sleep and Circadian Research at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
“Minor adjustments can impact your sleep. It’s empowering to know better rest is within your control.”
The study was published in the journal Sleep Health this month.
____
Header L. Boge et al. We anticipate that increased daytime intake of fruits and vegetables will lead to less disrupted nighttime sleep in younger adults. Sleep Health Published online on June 11th, 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2025.05.003
LAnea George opens the steel security door and enters a windowless room, where a device resembling a commercial-grade refrigerator awaits. Dubbed the Bodhi, it dispenses seven small plastic bottles, each containing precisely 70ml of methadone, an alternative to morphine or heroin in addiction treatment.
She takes the bottles from the tray, bundles them with rubber bands, and places them on the shelf. It’s not even 10 am, and George, the nurse manager at Man Alive—a well-known opioid treatment program in Baltimore—has already prepared doses for about 100 patients set to arrive the following day. “Bodhi has transformed my life and the lives of my patients,” she states.
Preparing these prescriptions requires more than merely pouring medication into bottles. This process involves printing each label individually, measuring the amounts accurately, sealing the bottles, and capping them securely. If there are spills, the nurse must stop to collect the lost liquid, measure it, document the incident, and dispose of it properly.
Repeating this procedure over 100 times illustrates why the task can take an entire day before Bodhi even arrives. George notes that many nurses leave the profession, often due to issues like carpal tunnel syndrome from repeatedly screwing caps on multiple bottles daily.
“I’ve seen nurses just walk off shifts and never return,” she reflects on her previous clinic.
Now, with more time freed up, George can focus on patient interaction. “It allows me to be more personal and have deeper conversations,” she remarks. “That’s where we uncover a lot of important information.”
Injecting Humanity into Addiction Treatment
This increase in patient interaction was the motivation behind the machine that George uses daily. Amber Norbeck, a pharmacist in the neonatal intensive care unit at Montana Hospital, noted that 50% of newborns experience withdrawal symptoms due to maternal opioid addiction.
Methadone therapy can help these women become mothers, but access is often problematic. The clinic she visited had a 30-60 day waiting list, and other patients faced three-hour waits despite a shortage of nursing staff during visits. Some patients must return daily for doses.
“It didn’t feel like healthcare; it felt more like a bank teller experience,” she explains. “For working individuals trying to manage their lives, the lengthy process often led them to give up.”
With U.S. overdose deaths from opioids rising from around 8,000 in 2009 to over 114,000 in 2022, Norbeck recognized a nation grappling with the opioid crisis amid a nursing shortage. In 2019, she and engineer Mike Pokolny began devising methods to automate the methadone dosing process.
They developed a robotic device capable of dispensing liquid medication in seconds, sealing, labeling, and capping each bottle. A year later, Norbeck left her hospital position, and in January 2021, the duo founded Opio Connect Inc, with Norbeck serving as CEO and Pokolny as vice-chairman.
They named the device Zing, utilizing components designed for other machines for a quicker assembly. “Existing pharmacy automation solutions weren’t designed for the variations required for dispensing methadone,” states Sam Wilson, Opio’s COO.
Pandemic Era Methadone Rules Support Automation
The introduction of Zing coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic, which provided an unexpected boost. Pre-pandemic, patients labeled “stable” could take home multiple doses, but during lockdowns, federal authorities relaxed these rules, allowing them to receive up to 28 days’ worth of medication.
While this policy shift intensified preparation and nurse workloads, post-Covid data revealed no significant patient benefits. The new take-home rules became permanent in January 2024.
By then, the first Zing was deployed at Compdrug, an opioid treatment program in Columbus, Ohio, affectionately nicknamed Alfie. Seven additional Zings were installed across the country, each receiving its own name. This humanizing aspect led to naming contests, birthday celebrations, gender awareness events, and Halloween costumes. Together, they have assembled over 1 million methadone doses.
Norbeck anticipates that 30-40 more Zings will be operational by the end of 2025. The company is targeting 2,100 clinics and correctional facilities nationwide, emphasizing that many individuals require treatment, yet attracting nursing staff remains a challenge.
Automated Labor: Job Loss or Mitigating Labor Shortages?
Norbeck is uncertain about job losses attributed to Zing, but some clinics found themselves able to keep open positions unfilled, reallocating savings to other treatment initiatives.
“There was concern that [Zing] would replace nurses, but its true purpose is to liberate them,” explains Pokolny.
Compdrug previously employed six nurses to administer methadone throughout the day. Currently, with Zing’s assistance, only three handle dosing while the other three focus on telehealth. All six remain employed.
At Man Alive, Bodhi’s introduction has allowed George additional time, enabling her to also serve as a home nurse, assisting patients in connecting with medical care and following up on medication and health concerns.
However, it’s important to recognize another facet to these scenarios. Unfilled positions, whether in telehealth or home health, may exist regardless of robotic assistance. According to the Health Resources and Services Administration, the nursing workforce is projected to face a shortage of over 63,720 nurses by 2030, not accounting for losses incurred during the pandemic.
Norbeck believes that robotics can be a means to alleviate employment shortages rather than exacerbate them.
In Baltimore, George and her fellow nurses at Man Alive have organized educational initiatives in the community, further connecting with patients through participation in in-house group therapy sessions. Simply put, George states, “Bodhi has allowed me to rediscover my role as a nurse.”
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