Tag Archives: exceptional

Doctor Seeks Individuals with Exceptional Stool Quality for Health Study

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Infectious disease expert Elizabeth Homan with stool donor Dmitri

Elizabeth Homan with her valuable stool donor, Mr. Dmitri

Elizabeth Homan

Fecal transplants have become a vital treatment for Clostridioides difficile relapses. However, sourcing high-quality stool donors remains a significant challenge.

“This process can be quite frustrating; only about 1 percent of those who respond to donor ads are in optimal health,” states Elizabeth Homan, an infectious disease specialist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. “Finding qualified donors is tough, so we really appreciate their generosity.” Over the years, some donors have contributed their stools over 100 times.

Homan has overseen the fecal transplant program at her hospital for 15 years. Her responsibilities include collecting donations, processing them into oral capsules, and administering them to patients suffering from challenging intestinal conditions, particularly recurrent C. difficile infections that are resistant to antibiotics. The beneficial gut bacteria in the donor’s stool help to eliminate harmful bacteria in the recipient’s gut, alleviating symptoms.

To recruit donors, Homan advertises online, offering $1,200 for a month’s worth of stool donations.

Potential donors undergo a rigorous screening process. Many do not advance past the initial phone interview due to health criteria, such as being a healthcare worker or recent travel to Southeast Asia, both of which heighten the risk of transmitting drug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, donors need to be within a healthy weight range, as past experiences showed that stools from obese donors could cause adverse reactions in recipients.

Individuals who pass the initial screening undergo comprehensive testing, including blood tests to evaluate their overall health, screenings for infectious diseases like HIV and COVID-19, and rectal examinations to detect any intestinal abnormalities.

Homan’s most successful donors are often fitness enthusiasts with balanced diets. One notable donor is a “semi-professional athlete, personal trainer, and gym owner.” Generally, superior stools result from diets rich in natural foods while minimizing ultra-processed options. “We’ve considered using only vegan donors, but in reality, my best donors have been omnivores,” she notes.

Donation periods typically last from 2 to 4 weeks. During this time, donors are encouraged to make frequent visits to the hospital for donations. “They often have regular bowel movements, coming in around the same time daily after a coffee boost,” Homan explains. Each stool sample is collected in a plastic container and processed in the lab.

Fresh stool is quickly converted into capsules. “I blend it with saline and strain it through a graduated mesh filter,” Homan explains. After additional processing, the liquid is encapsulated. “It’s not pleasant, but you adapt,” she adds.

After each donation period, donors are screened again for any infections, making sure they are not exposed to pathogens like Salmonella. If they test positive, the capsules are discarded, and new donor sourcing begins.

Despite these hurdles, Homan expresses her passion for the job, highlighting the life-changing effects fecal transplants can have on patients. Recently, a patient who was unable to work has returned to a 30-hour work week thanks to the transplant capsules. “I continue this work because it makes a meaningful difference in people’s lives,” she remarks.

Sadly, Elizabeth Homan is nearing retirement and is struggling to find a replacement. “I keep asking my department, ‘Who’s willing to help?’ The response has been silence. It seems they’re overwhelmed with the basics and hesitant to take on this responsibility.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Two Exceptional Science Fiction Films of 2025

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In The Occupant, Abby (Ella Balinska) navigates the wilderness of Georgia.

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Some concepts are so engaging and instinctual that it’s often better to quickly recycle them instead of dissecting them. In 1950, Isaac Asimov adapted some puzzle stories to create Agatha Christie’s intriguing science fiction narrative set in outer space, Me, Robot. Meanwhile, in 1968, Stanley Kubrick raised the bar for films addressing artificial intelligence with 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the robot storyline becomes repetitive in an almost infinite cycle.

This year, Electric Nation intertwines a narrative of robot insurrection, while M3 Gun 2.0 demonstrates that a formidable killer bot can’t be restrained. With Fellow, we explored the perspective of a femme bot, creating a fitting adult-themed homage to Asimov.

All three projects engaged with prevalent themes of free will and examined when to regard machines as human. Notably, M3 Gun 2.0 was particularly enjoyable to work on, featuring a rubber-boned robot babysitter from 2023 who returns from her backup disc to save the world from her killbot sister, Am3lia. Though the script has its flaws, the humor, genre callbacks, and jump scares are well executed.

Drew Hancock’s Fellow, which follows an uninformed fembot as she uncovers her identity, felt like it could delve deeper but ultimately faltered. Months later, all that lingers in memory is a memorable cameo by Rupert Friend.

Directors Anthony and Joe Russo’s Electric Nation received backlash for their “make it up as we go” approach, which seemed mismatched with the reflective visuals that inspired their film. Devotees of Simon Stålenhag’s illustrated works were left frustrated, while others endured two hours of anticipation for something to validate the film’s stunning aesthetics. With a staggering $320 million budget, it begs the question: should they have constructed a theme park instead?

Bong Joon Ho’s Mickey 17 presents a scenario where blue-collar astronaut Mickey Barnes (Robert Pattinson) is enslaved by a robot because of his reprintability. The accomplished director of Parasite, Okja, and Snowpiercer reveals his satirical edge, but sadly, the film lacks faith in its audience, overwhelming with explanations.

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Seizing opportunities while attracting mass audiences may be a strategy that Stanley Kubrick and others took to their graves.
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Filmmakers in science fiction have consistently crafted intriguing extraterrestrial beings. From Solaris and Arrival to Vanishing and Under the Skin, it seems that the trend in 2025 toward monsters and demonic possession signals not fatigue but rather a transition of the horror genre into its more grounded cousin.

Scott Derrickson’s horrifying hollowness takes years to build upon in Canyon, a mix of Cold War romance, espionage, and Lovecraftian horror that undermines its intriguing elements. As Miles Teller and Anya Taylor-Joy portray elite snipers from global superpowers guarding a vast valley in a secretive country, the extended prologue feels drawn out.

In contrast, Hugo Kaiser’s Occupier effectively showcases Abby (Ella Balinska) grappling with her own guilt and sorrow in the secluded Georgia wilderness, aided by disembodied voices, whether they are human allies or alien influencers.

We find ourselves in a stronger genre narrative with Ash, directed by Los Angeles’ Flying Lotus, presenting a unique full-length music video experience that dazzles and perplexes. Liya (Eiza González) awakens with amnesia aboard a space station filled with bodies. Bryon (Aaron Paul) comes to her aid, but is he truly what he seems? The onboard AI alarms her to strange life forms on the vessel, treading familiar territory but still offering a refreshing take.

No surprise then, that two of this year’s notable films were substantially high-budget. It reiterates the notion that seizing opportunities while catering to a large audience is a timeless trick.

Serpil Altin’s Once Upon a Time in the Future: 2121 explores a family deliberating whether to dispose of their elderly in order to comply with a “law of scarcity” enforced by a hilariously overzealous regime. Meanwhile, Joshua Oppenheimer’s end presents a musical tale about a family’s decision to execute an unanticipated visitor, a dilemma you may have encountered before.

These two films, alongside Occupier, challenge the notion that science fiction must rely on originality of plots. Science fiction is simply fiction; uh, fiction centers on humanity, and humans experience an infinitely diverse range of situations, even in common predicaments.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Exceptional stars: the universe’s most pristine objects.

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Large Magellanic Cloud, Milky Way Satellite Galaxy, nearby star SDSS J0715-7334 discovered

Josh Lake/NASA/ESA

A star relatively close to us appears to be almost devoid of heavy elements produced by supernovae and may be a direct descendant of the universe’s first star.

Astronomers postulate that the initial stars consisted solely of hydrogen and helium, remnants from the Big Bang. It was only after these stars exhausted their fuel and exploded as supernovae that heavier elements could disperse beyond helium. The gas enriched with these new elements formed the subsequent generation of stars, with this cycle continuing, ultimately producing the elements we see in today’s stars and planets.

Most stars observed in our galaxy belong to multiple generations and are excluded from this early star population. However, “star archaeologists” have discovered nearly untouched stars believed to be from the “second generation,” born from the remnants of the early stellar explosions.

Recently, Alexander Z from the University of Chicago and his team identified the star with the lowest total amount of “metals,” referring to all elements besides hydrogen or helium, in the known universe. Named SDSS J0715-7334, this star resides in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, and has a metal content approximately 0.8 times that of our Sun, making it about 20,000 times less metallic.

After initially detecting the star in data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, due to its notably low metallicity, JI and his colleagues conducted observations with the Magellan telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. They confirmed that while the star has minimal iron, comparable to other nearly untouched stars, it also exhibits very low carbon levels, which are not typical for Milky Way stars.

“It’s quite an exciting discovery regarding iron levels. This is even more extreme than some of the other examples we have previously found,” said Anke Ardern-Arentsen from Cambridge University. “However, most interestingly, this star has significantly less carbon compared to natural stars we know about.” This observation might imply that it formed in a distinctly different manner than stars found in the Milky Way, according to Anna Frebel from MIT.

To form a star like SDSS J0715-7334, a relatively small and cool gas mass is required. Typically, this process necessitates heavier elements with high-energy electrons, such as carbon, which aid in cooling the gas effectively. The scarcity of carbon in this star complicates this process.

One potential alternative explanation is the presence of a cloud of cosmic dust made up of heavier elements. This dust may contribute to cooling, a mechanism not observed early in the universe’s history, at least within our own galaxies.

“There’s an issue here. Do varying environments across different regions of the universe cool gas at different rates during the early formation epochs?” Frebel questions. “We can raise the question of why different cooling rates occur, but we lack a satisfactory answer.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Scientifically proven method for brewing exceptional coffee using less beans

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The right technique allows you to make great poured coffee with fewer beans

Kemal Yildirim/Getty Images

Physicists have discovered the technology that allows them to produce the perfect coffee with up to 10% less beans.

Climate change is making coffee production more difficult, and it is becoming more important to brew it in the most efficient way possible. Arnold Mattissen At the University of Pennsylvania.

“Coffee is becoming more difficult to grow, so that’s why coffee prices could increase over the next few years,” he says. “The idea for this study was to actually see if we could do anything by reducing the amount of coffee beans needed while maintaining the same amount of brewing.

Mathijssen and his colleagues focused on pouring coffee, slowly adding hot water to the corn-shaped paper filter site. Their advice can be summarized into some very simple tips. First, pour slowly. The longer the beans are soaked in the water inside the corn, the more extraction will occur.

But this works to some extent. If poured slowly, the lot is not fully confused. They settle at the bottom and start to actually reduce the amount of extraction. To combat this, the second hint is to pour from the height.

“Living up the kettle height gives you more energy essentially from gravity,” says Matigen. “Afterwards, all particles enter this kind of global circulation that is not normally obtained when poured from a lower height.”

Team experiments showed that raising the kettle to 50 centimeters of cone increased the strength of the coffee. However, Mathijssen warns that if poured too high, the water flow will begin to collapse, forming unconnected Glugs, causing the coffee corn circulation to be confused again. Needless to say, boiling water from too high can pose a risk of burns.

“Be rational,” says Mattigen. “First, try slowly. Then lift it up. [the kettle] Go as slowly as possible, but please don’t let it [the flow of water] “We’re goodbye,” he says. “That’s the strategy I follow.”

While this process is highly dependent on the type of coffee, the size of the site, the type of kettle used, and many other factors, researchers have found that the technique can lead to a 5% to 10% savings in the amount of coffee needed. Their experiments showed that the resulting brew had the same amount of dissolved solids, so it should be just as strong and flavorful.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Premiere of ‘A Quiet Place’: Do the characters truly have exceptional control over their bodily functions?

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We have all experienced the discomfort of hydrogen and methane accumulating in the large intestine, causing pressure and the urgent need for release. This natural bodily function does not adhere to our schedule, sometimes occurring at the most inconvenient times, like during a job interview or meeting your partner’s aristocratic parents for the first time.

Farting may seem harmless, but in a world like A Quiet Place, a sci-fi horror film featuring creatures with heightened hearing sensitivity, even a small noise could be deadly. Amidst the chaos of survival, the question arises: how long can humans hold in a fart before facing consequences?

In the third installment of the series, A Quiet Place Day 1, the movie prompts us to ponder on the taboo topic of fart retention. While scientific literature on this subject is limited, experts like Julie Thomson from the digestive health charity, Guts UK, shed light on the implications of holding in gas for prolonged periods.

On average, a person releases gas about 15 times a day, a vital bodily function that cannot be suppressed indefinitely. The accumulation of gas can lead to discomfort and potential health issues if prolonged.

Professor Clare Collins, Director of Research at the School of Health, University of Newcastle, Australia, discusses the link between gas retention and conditions like diverticulitis, emphasizing the importance of not suppressing natural bodily functions for extended periods.

While the consequences of holding in a fart might not seem severe, in a scenario akin to A Quiet Place, where noise attracts deadly beings, it’s crucial to prioritize health over momentary embarrassment.

Remember, maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding gas-inducing foods, and allowing your body to function naturally are key to avoiding discomfort and potential health complications associated with suppressing flatulence.

So, whether you find yourself in a post-apocalyptic world or facing a challenging situation, prioritize your health over temporary discomfort.

This article was first published on May 28, 2021

About our experts

Julie Thomson: Information Manager at Guts UK, an organization dedicated to improving awareness of gastrointestinal diseases.

Claire Collins: Emeritus Professor at the School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia, specializing in nutritional technologies and interventions.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Giant Sequoia Trees are Thriving at an Exceptional Rate in the UK

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Giant Sequoia, Wakehurst, West Sussex, UK

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Giant sequoia trees are thriving in the UK, growing at a similar rate to the tree’s homeland of California.

Giant sequoias that can reach up to 90 meters in height (Sequoiadendron giganteum), also known as the Giant Sequoia, is one of the tallest trees in the world. This coniferous species is endemic to California’s Sierra Nevada Mountains, but only 80,000 individuals remain there, largely due to frequent and destructive wildfires.

Approximately 500,000 giant sequoias have been planted in Britain since the 19th century. “Giant sequoias are widely cultivated in the UK” matthias disney At University College London. “They’re incredibly majestic and obviously very attractive to people.”

To understand how trees grow on this side of the pond, Disney and his colleagues analyzed 97 trees taken from groves in Scotland and southeastern England.

The team used a laser scanner to map each tree in 3D to precisely determine its height and width and estimate its weight.

The tallest tree was in Scotland and was just under 55 meters tall. Disney says this is not surprising as the earliest record of giant sequoias being planted in the UK is in Scotland.

The trees also appear to be growing as fast as California trees, absorbing an average of 85 kilograms of carbon from the atmosphere each year.

“It’s very fast,” Disney says. “Instead of oak trees having to wait 150 years to reach maturity, giant sequoias can grow in less than 50 years.”

He says the healthy growth rate may be due to Britain’s relatively stable climate. “We’re not threatened by a lack of rainfall or an increase in fires like California is.”

Giant sequoias grow quickly and absorb carbon, but Disney warns against planting them en masse to combat greenhouse gas emissions.

“Of course trees can help absorb a little bit of carbon dioxide, but that process takes time and requires a lot of wood,” he says. “It is better to protect what already exists and rapidly reduce fossil fuel consumption now.”

Disney and his colleagues want to study how the invasive redwoods are affecting local trees and other wildlife. “At the moment, all the sequoias here are planted, so we’re also very interested in seeing if they can propagate here.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com