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Proximity to Windows May Enhance Blood Sugar Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Posted on December 18, 2025 by

Another incentive to secure a window seat is its potential to help manage blood sugar levels.

Anton Dios/Shutterstock

SEI 278372481 — Another incentive to secure a window seat is its potential to help manage blood sugar levels.

Anton Dios/Shutterstock

Many of us prefer sitting by a window to enhance our mood, but exposure to natural light during the day may also be beneficial for blood sugar control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Our cells and tissues operate on circadian rhythms, or 24-hour metabolic cycles that influence factors like blood sugar levels. Studies indicate that exposure to artificial light at night can disrupt these rhythms. This raises blood sugar levels, while individuals who spend more time outdoors in sunlight experience enhanced insulin response, a hormone crucial for regulating those levels.

Despite these findings, none of these studies explored the advantages of receiving natural light through windows, especially since most people spend significant time indoors, according to Joris Fuchs from Maastricht University in the Netherlands.

To investigate further, Fuchs and his team enlisted 13 participants with type 2 diabetes, averaging 70 years old, to spend 4.5 days in a room with only natural light from large windows from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Participants continued their usual diabetes medications and largely sat at desks with access to their mobile phones and computers, with their screens dimmed. In the evenings, they were exposed to soft artificial light and could use their devices until 11 p.m., then slept in complete darkness until 7 a.m. They consumed similar meals three times daily to maintain stable weight and followed consistent exercise routines over the 4.5 days.

The researchers conducted a similar experiment with the same group, this time in a windowless room under artificial light. This phase occurred either one month before or after the natural light segment of the study.

Throughout both experiments, participants wore devices to monitor their blood sugar levels continuously; however, due to technical difficulties, data was only obtainable from 10 individuals.

The results indicated that during weeks with more natural light, participants maintained their blood sugar levels within a healthy range 50% of the time, compared to only 43% in the artificial light experiment.

The researchers defined a healthy blood sugar range as 4.4 to 7.2 mmol per liter, aligning with guidelines from the UK National Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Although the difference between the two studies may seem minor, extended periods outside of a healthy range can impact an individual’s health significantly, increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications, including heart problems, according to Fuchs.

The positive impact of sunlight may stem from the fact that light-sensitive cells in the eye, crucial for regulating metabolic activity cycles, are particularly responsive to shorter wavelengths present in natural light, Fuchs explained.

Further research is essential to validate these findings; however, Fuchs suggests that many individuals with type 2 diabetes can benefit from increased exposure to natural light, even if it’s simply by sitting near a window. “It’s easy, free, and accessible to all,” Hoeks said. It remains uncertain whether individuals with type 1 diabetes or prediabetes gain similar benefits.

Glenn Jeffrey from University College London emphasizes the necessity for larger studies to substantiate these results. Nonetheless, he noted, “the significance of sunlight is gradually gaining recognition.”

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Home Office Acknowledges Issues with Facial Recognition Technology for Black and Asian Individuals

Posted on December 5, 2025 by

Ministers are under pressure to implement more robust safeguards for facial recognition technology, as the Home Office has acknowledged that it may mistakenly identify Black and Asian individuals more frequently than white people in certain contexts.

Recent tests conducted by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) on how this technology functions within police national databases revealed that “some demographic groups are likely to be incorrectly included in search results,” according to the Home Office.

The Police and Crime Commissioner stated that the release of the NPL’s results “reveals concerning underlying bias” and urged caution regarding plans for a nationwide implementation.

These findings were made public on Thursday, shortly after Police Minister Sarah Jones characterized the technology as “the most significant advancement since DNA matching.”

Facial recognition technology analyzes individuals’ faces and cross-references the images against a watchlist of known or wanted criminals. It can be employed to scrutinize live footage of people passing in front of cameras, match faces with wanted persons, or assist police in targeting individuals on surveillance.

Images of suspects can be compared against police, passport, or immigration databases to identify them and review their backgrounds.

Analysts who evaluated the Police National Database’s retrospective facial recognition tool at lower settings discovered that “white subjects exhibited a lower false positive identification rate (FPIR) (0.04%) compared to Asian subjects (4.0%) and Black subjects (5.5%).”

Further testing revealed that Black women experienced notably high false positives. “The FPIR for Black male subjects (0.4%) is lower than that for Black female subjects (9.9%),” the report detailed.

The Police and Crime Commissioners Association stated that these findings reflect internalized bias. “This indicates that, in certain scenarios, Black and Asian individuals are more prone to incorrect matches than their white counterparts. Although the terminology is technical, it is evident that this technology is being integrated into police operations without adequate safeguards,” the report noted.

The statement, signed by APCC leaders Darryl Preston, Alison Rowe, John Tizard, and Chris Nelson, raised concerns why these findings were not disclosed sooner and shared with Black and Asian communities.

The report concluded: “While there is no evidence of adverse effects in individual cases, this is due to chance rather than a systematic approach. System failures have been known for a while, but the information was not conveyed to the communities impacted and key stakeholders.”

The government has initiated a 10-week public consultation aimed at facilitating more frequent usage of the technology. The public will be asked if police should have permission to go beyond records and access additional databases, such as images from passports and driving licenses, to track criminals.

Civil servants are collaborating with police to create a new national facial recognition system that will house millions of images.

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Charlie Welton, head of policy and campaigns at Liberty, stated: “The racial bias indicated by these statistics demonstrates that allowing police to utilize facial recognition without sufficient safeguards leads to actual negative consequences. There are pressing questions regarding how many individuals of color were wrongly identified in the thousands of monthly searches utilizing this biased algorithm and the ramifications it might have.”

“This report further underscores that this powerful and opaque technology cannot be deployed without substantial safeguards to protect all individuals, which includes genuine transparency and significant oversight. Governments must halt the accelerated rollout of facial recognition technology until protections are established that prioritize our rights, aligning with public expectations.”

Former cabinet minister David Davis expressed worries after police officials indicated that cameras could be installed at shopping centers, stadiums, and transport hubs to locate wanted criminals. He told the Daily Mail: “Brother, welcome to the UK. It is evident that the Government is implementing this dystopian technology nationwide. There is no way such a significant measure could proceed without a comprehensive and detailed discussion in the House of Commons.”

Officials argue that the technology is essential for apprehending serious criminals, asserting that there are manual safeguards embedded within police training, operational guidelines, and practices that require trained personnel to visually evaluate all potential matches derived from the police national database.

A Home Office representative said: “The Home Office takes these findings seriously and has already acted. The new algorithm has undergone independent testing and has shown no statistically significant bias. It will be subjected to further testing and evaluation early next year.”

“In light of the significance of this issue, we have requested the Office of the Inspector General and the Forensic Regulator to review the application of facial recognition by law enforcement. They will evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures, and the National Council of Chiefs of Police backs this initiative.”

A Dementia Vaccine May Be Possible, and Some Individuals Might Have Already Received It Unwittingly

Posted on December 3, 2025 by

A recent investigation by Stanford University in the US suggests that the shingles vaccine may decrease the risk of dementia by 20 percent or slow its progression after diagnosis.

If these results are validated in future research, there is already a vaccine available that could help in preventing and managing dementia, affecting an estimated 57 million individuals globally.

In a study published in Nature, scientists reviewed the health data of over 280,000 adults aged 71 to 88 in Wales to assess the shingles vaccination program initiated in 2013.

The research revealed that older adults (ages 79 to 80) who had received the shingles vaccine were 20 percent less likely to develop dementia by 2020 when compared to those who were ineligible for the vaccine.

The senior author, Dr. Pascal Gerdsetzer, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University, described the findings as “really surprising,” adding that there was a significant protective signal evident from the data.

Furthermore, a recent follow-up study published in Cell indicated that the shingles vaccine seemed to offer protection even to individuals diagnosed with dementia as early as 2013.

Among the 7,049 Welsh adults with dementia who participated in the research, nearly half succumbed within the subsequent nine years. In contrast, only 30% of those vaccinated against shingles passed away.

“What’s particularly intriguing is that this suggests the shingles vaccine not only prevents or delays dementia but also holds therapeutic promise for those already diagnosed,” Gerdsetzer noted.

Illustration of the varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox and shingles – Credit: Getty Images

Previous research had indicated a potential connection between the shingles vaccine and dementia prevention, but these findings were often confounded by the fact that vaccinated individuals typically lead healthier lifestyles (implying that the dementia protection might originate from other factors).

However, in this particular study, bias was minimized as the vaccination program specifically targeted individuals who were 79 years old on September 1, 2013.

“We know that if you take 1,000 random individuals born within a week of each other and compare them to 1,000 individuals born a week later, on average, there should be no differences,” Gertsetzer explained. “Aside from the slight age variation, they are essentially alike.”

Essentially, the researchers could directly analyze two groups born just a week apart and with an identical mix of health-conscious individuals. The primary difference was their eligibility for the vaccine, streamlining the assessment of the vaccine’s efficacy against dementia.

Shingles is an infection caused by the Varicella zoster virus—the same agent responsible for chickenpox. Symptoms can include a painful rash, a burning or prickling sensation, headaches, fever, and fatigue.

While the virus impacts the nervous system, scientists are still unclear about the exact mechanisms through which the shingles vaccine protects the brain from cognitive decline.

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Many Individuals Carrying the High Cholesterol Gene Are Unaware, Study Reveals

Posted on November 27, 2025 by

Experts caution that you might be unintentionally increasing your risk for a hereditary condition that leads to elevated cholesterol levels, according to new findings. Familial hypercholesterolemia can remain undetected for generations, thereby heightening the risk of heart attack and stroke for affected individuals, as reported.

This condition impacts approximately 1 in 200-250 individuals globally and leads to elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from birth. LDL is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because it contributes to arterial plaque buildup. However, researchers indicate it frequently goes unnoticed by standard testing methods.

To assess how many cases of familial hypercholesterolemia remain undiagnosed, Mayo Clinic researchers conducted an analysis involving 84,000 individuals. They specifically examined exome sequencing data, a genetic test that evaluates the segments of DNA that code for proteins.

Among these participants, 419 were identified as being at risk for familial hypercholesterolemia, with 90% unaware of their condition.

Adding to the concern, one in five of these individuals had already developed coronary artery disease.

The findings suggested that these patients would likely not be identified through standard genetic testing methods.

At present, genetic testing in the United States is only conducted on those exhibiting sufficiently high cholesterol levels or possessing a recorded family history of such levels—an issue identified by Mayo Clinic researchers as a “blind spot” in national guidelines. Seventy-five percent of those diagnosed in this study would not have qualified under these criteria.

The study emphasizes that regular screenings can reveal symptoms and potentially save lives, though other researchers highlight that this is not straightforward.

“The challenge is that screening everyone who would benefit from a genetic test can be prohibitively expensive, necessitating certain thresholds,” remarked cardiometabolic medicine researcher Professor Naveed Sattar in an interview with BBC Science Focus.

“Broadening screening efforts for familial hypercholesterolemia will only be feasible if testing costs decrease significantly. Nonetheless, we still need more individuals to undergo blood tests and seek genetic evaluations.”

Most individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia exhibit no symptoms. However, Sattar points out that yellowish deposits beneath the skin or, if under 45, a grayish-white ring around the eye’s cornea can indicate the condition.

“Yet, many people have no visible signs. If there is a strong family history of early heart attacks—especially if a first-degree relative experienced one before age 50—you should consider getting a lipid test earlier than the typical midlife screening.”

The findings were published in the journal Circulation: Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine.

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Daily Mango Consumption May Enhance Blood Glucose Levels and Body Composition in Prediabetic Individuals

Posted on September 30, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

According to new research published in the journal Food, daily consumption of mango (Mangifera indica) over a period of 24 weeks has shown improvements in both short- and long-term glycemic control, reduced insulin resistance, increased insulin sensitivity, and favorable changes in body composition for pre-diabetic patients. These findings indicate that incorporating fresh mangoes into the diet may aid glycemic control for those at high risk for type 2 diabetes, offering a practical food-based strategy to enhance body composition.

Daily consumption of mangoes for 24 weeks significantly enhanced glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in adults with diabetes, underscoring the potential of mangoes as an effective dietary strategy for metabolic health. Image credit: Mohan Nannapaneni.

Currently, over 130 million adults in the United States are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes, as reported by the CDC.

Predictions indicate that by 2030, nearly 40% of U.S. adults will be affected by prediabetes.

Early identification and prevention at the prediabetic stage is crucial, as many individuals remain unaware of their condition until complications arise.

Nutrition plays a vital role in glycemic control, and a balanced diet can promote both enhanced blood glucose regulation and overall long-term health.

In a diabetes prevention program, lifestyle interventions resulted in a 58% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, compared to a 31% reduction with metformin versus placebo. Thus, identifying accessible natural strategies to mitigate these risk factors is essential for delaying diabetes onset and minimizing associated complications.

Dietary practices enriched with fruits, vegetables, and bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects on glycemic control and metabolic health.

Mangoes, being tropical fruits, are rich in several bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, gallbladder acid, and quercetin.

“It’s not merely about the sugar content; the overall context of the food is crucial,” stated Dr. Raedeh Basiri, a Clinical Nutrition Researcher at George Mason University.

“This study stands as the first long-term clinical trial to showcase the metabolic and body composition benefits of mangoes for individuals with prediabetes.”

“Essentially, it’s about more than just the sugar present in food. The naturally occurring sugars in mangoes and other fruits are balanced by the fiber and other vitamins and nutrients that confer additional health advantages.”

“Foods with added sugars, like breakfast cereals and low-sugar snacks, often lack the same nutritional value and may even elevate the risk of diabetes.”

“The objective is to urge people to include whole fruits like mangoes in their dietary strategies for healthy eating and diabetes prevention.”

“Individuals at high risk for diabetes should emphasize not only the sugar content of their food but also how the sugar is delivered.”

Dr. Basiri and her team divided participants into two groups: one receiving fresh mangoes daily and the other receiving low-sugar granola bars.

Throughout the six-month study, researchers measured participants’ blood glucose levels, their insulin response, and body fat.

The results showed that the high-sugar content in mangoes (32 grams of sugar) was more beneficial than the low-sugar granola bars (11 grams of sugar).

The group consuming mangoes daily exhibited improved glycemic control, heightened insulin sensitivity, and reduced body fat.

“Our findings reinforce and broaden the emerging evidence on the metabolic advantages of consuming fresh mango daily among pre-diabetic individuals,” the researchers noted.

“Participants who ate an average of one mango each day for 24 weeks recorded lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the control group.”

“Future studies should utilize objective dietary biomarkers (like plasma carotenoids and urinary polyphenols) to enhance accuracy and credibility.”

“Additionally, exploring the mechanisms underlying these observed effects, including the role of bioactive compounds in mango on insulin signaling and inflammation, is essential, especially across diverse populations.”

“Longer follow-up periods and comparisons with other fruits and dietary strategies could provide clarity on the specific benefits of mangoes for metabolic health.”

“Final investigations should delve into broader health advantages of mango consumption beyond glycemic control and body composition, including potential impacts on metabolic pathways and variations in gene expression, as individual responses to the same foods can differ.”

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Raedeh Basiri et al. 2025. Daily mango intake improves blood glucose and body composition outcomes in prediabetic adults: a randomized controlled study. Food 14 (17): 2971; doi: 10.3390/foods14172971

Source: www.sci.news

Remarkable Discovery: Two Fossils of Young Individuals Tragically Lost to a Catastrophic Storm in Germany

Posted on September 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists from the University of Leicester studied two immature fossilized skeletal remains of Pterodactylus antiquus, individuals whose wings were damaged and were discovered in Solnhofen limestone, southern Germany. Their findings reveal that these creatures were sadly victims of a powerful Jurassic storm, which created the perfect conditions for fossilization, leading to the preservation of hundreds of similar specimens.

Artistic representation of the hatchling Pterodactylus antiquus, inspired by fossil discoveries, struggling through a tumultuous tropical storm. Image credit: Rudolf Hima.

“Dating back 153-148 million years, the Jurassic Solnhofen limestone deposits in Bavaria, southern Germany, are renowned for their remarkably preserved fossils, including many examples of various pterosaurs, flying reptiles from the Mesozoic era.”

“A puzzling aspect of this site is that while Solnhofen is home to hundreds of pterosaur fossils, almost all are small, immature specimens that are remarkably intact.”

“In stark contrast, larger adult pterosaurs are infrequently found and typically represented by isolated fragments, such as skulls or limbs.”

“This trend contradicts expectations, as larger, more resilient animals should theoretically have a greater chance of fossilization than fragile juveniles.”

In their latest study, the researchers examined the fossilized remains of two immature pterosaurs from the Solnhofen limestone.

These individuals belong to Pterodactylus antiquus, a species that inhabited Germany during the late Jurassic period.

With a wingspan of under 20 cm (8 inches), these hatchlings represent the smallest known pterosaurs.

Both specimens exhibit identical injuries: a clean, sloping fracture in the humerus.

Newborn specimens of Pterodactylus antiquus from Solnhofen limestone, Germany. Scale bar – 20 mm. Image credit: Smyth et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.08.006.

One specimen’s left wing and another’s right wing appear broken in a manner consistent with a strong twist, likely caused by a sudden gust of wind rather than impact with a hard object.

The unfortunate pterosaur was likely submerged beneath the lagoon’s surface, overwhelmed by storm waves, and swiftly sank to the seabed, where it was quickly buried by a fine layer of mud stirred up by the tempest.

This rapid entombment facilitated the exceptional preservation observed in the fossils.

It’s reminiscent of a scene only days or weeks after the animals’ demise, with preservation so remarkable that while no significant skeletal trauma is evident, many other small, very young pterosaurs are found within the Solnhofen limestone.

These juvenile pterosaurs, unable to withstand the storm’s ferocity, were also drawn into the lagoon.

This discovery clarifies why smaller fossils are so well preserved—due to the direct aftermath of the storm, which was a common cause of death for pterosaurs in the region.

“For centuries, scientists believed the Solnhofen lagoon ecosystem was primarily composed of small pterosaurs,” stated Dr. Smith.

“However, we now recognize that this perspective was quite skewed; many of these pterosaurs were not lagoon dwellers.”

“Most were likely immature individuals that lived on nearby islands, inadvertently caught in a powerful storm.”

A study detailing these findings was published today in the journal Current Biology.

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Robert S. Smith et al. Fatal incidents in juvenile pterosaurs and selective sampling within fossil Solnhofen communities. Current Biology, published online September 5th, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.08.006

Source: www.sci.news

Exploring the Potential of Testing Ozempic in Healthy Individuals

Posted on August 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Essential Credit: Photo by Photo Elliott/Abaca/Shutterstock (15320742p) This image, captured on May 26, 2025, displays the production line of medicines (including injection solutions and pens for Ozempic, Wegovy, etc.) during a ministerial tour of the Novonordisk Factory in Chartor, France. Illustration - Novo Nordisk Factory - France, Chartre - May 26, 2025 — Blondet Eliot/Abaca/Shutterstock

Mark Twain famously remarked, “If you were born at the age of 80 and gradually refined down to 18, life would be perpetually joyous.” The quest for youth has captivated stories and myths throughout the ages; what if we could finally achieve it?

Recent research indicates that the GLP-1 medication Ozempic, containing semaglutide, might effectively reverse biological aging by around three years. This effect is notably observed in the brain, suggesting that medications like Ozempic could help mitigate conditions such as dementia. Additionally, it seems to reduce inflammation tied to various health concerns, including heart disease, chronic pain, and depression.

Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, semaglutide has changed the landscape of obesity treatment. It’s important to highlight that its anti-aging effects are particularly noted in individuals with HIV-related fat hypertrophy, though researchers believe its benefits may extend to a broader population.

Ozempic seems to have eradicated the inflammatory system associated with numerous health conditions.

It’s intriguing to consider whether we should all be using these drugs to reverse aging and reap the rewards of better health. However, we cannot assume this is wise without substantial evidence from large placebo-controlled trials involving healthy individuals. Conducting such studies may be contentious, as there are potential side effects to monitor. Moreover, when supplies are limited, it’s crucial to prioritize those in dire need.

Nevertheless, it appears that a number of healthy individuals are already utilizing these medications—largely “off-label”—without clarity on their safety. Future research should unveil a clearer understanding of these risks and provide insights into how weight loss affects muscle mass retention.

As the array of health advantages associated with these drugs continues to expand, it may be time to investigate their efficacy in healthy individuals, aiming to determine if they genuinely have the capacity to slow aging rather than speculating about youthful elixirs.

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Significant Genetic Variations Identified in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Posted on August 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Genetics could play a significant role in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis.

BlackJack3D/Getty Images

Recent large-scale studies have identified genetic factors that might increase the risk of developing chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Researchers have associated eight regions of the human genome with this condition based on DNA analyses from over 15,000 affected individuals.

“Our research offers the first strong evidence for genetic influences,” says Sonya Chowdhury from the UK charity Action for ME.

In the long term, these findings may aid in creating new diagnostic tools and treatments for ME/CFS. This condition has been recognized for decades and is primarily characterized by a debilitating response to minimal exertion, often accompanied by fatigue after mental effort.

Chowdhury adds that the results provide “recognition and validation” for individuals suffering from this condition. “Many people have been dismissed with comments such as, ‘It’s not a real illness,'” she explains. “They visited doctors who often downplayed their symptoms.”

“This represents a significant breakthrough for patients,” notes Andy Devereux Cooke, co-founder of Science for ME, a forum supporting those with the condition.

The research, termed Decode, involved analysis of DNA from over 15,500 individuals with ME/CFS against approximately 260,000 samples from unaffected individuals.

“Eight genetic signals were identified,” explains Chris Ponting from the University of Edinburgh, UK. These genomic regions appear to differ significantly in individuals with ME/CFS, suggesting that genetic variants in these areas could influence the likelihood of developing the condition. The findings were announced at a press briefing but have not yet been published in scientific journals or preprint platforms.

Among these eight regions, the research team pinpointed 43 protein-coding genes, with 29 deemed particularly noteworthy. “Delving into these genetic signals reveals associations with both immune and nervous system functions,” Ponting states. “Notably, the activity of these genes is prevalent in brain tissue, indicating a potential link to nervous system involvement.”

Additionally, researchers uncovered immune system-related genes, particularly rabgap1l, which may significantly heighten the risk of CFS. This aligns with anecdotal reports from many individuals with the condition, who often cite prior mild infections as precursors to their symptoms.

“I believed there was something distinct about the immune systems of individuals suffering from ME/CFS,” comments Jackie Cliff from Brunel University in London, noting that this study represents a substantial advancement in ME/CFS research.

Despite the fact that ME/CFS is significantly more prevalent in women, this study found no differences in genetic susceptibility between men and women. However, the team has yet to analyze the X and Y sex chromosomes.

The next steps involve examining these eight genome regions in greater depth to comprehend how genetic variations translate into molecular and cellular processes, both with and without ME/CFS. This could potentially pave the way for diagnostic tests and targeted treatments addressing the fundamental mechanisms of the disorder. However, this progress is contingent upon securing research funding, which is currently limited, says Cliff.

ME/CFS is estimated to impact 67 million individuals globally. A 2017 report from Think Tank 20/20 Health estimated that it incurs costs of £3.3 billion annually to the UK economy due to decreased productivity and healthcare expenses. “It’s an overlooked and marginalized illness that deserves attention and investment,” emphasizes Ponting.

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Rising Rates of Gastrointestinal Cancer Among Individuals Under 50

Posted on July 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Rising Rates of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Young Adults

Gastrointestinal cancers, which encompass colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, are increasingly prevalent among young adults, though the reasons remain largely unclear. The potential causes warrant further investigation, according to experts. A review published in JAMA on Thursday highlights that gastrointestinal cancer has become the fastest-growing cancer among adults under 50 in the United States.

This review offers one of the most comprehensive overviews of gastrointestinal cancer trends, synthesizing data from a major international cancer database alongside 115 studies published from January 2014 to March 2025. The authors stress the importance of adhering to colorectal cancer screening guidelines. They recommend that individuals at average risk begin screening—typically through colonoscopy or stool tests—at age 45. As screening for pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal cancers remains infrequent in the U.S., the authors are exploring innovative ways to broaden screening access.

“This underscores the necessity of improving screening and early detection,” stated Dr. Kimmie Ng, co-author and director of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute’s Young Onset Colorectal Cancer Center.

According to the findings, colorectal cancer is the most frequently diagnosed early-onset gastrointestinal cancer, with approximately 185,000 cases worldwide in 2022, including nearly 21,000 in the U.S. This reflects a 2% annual increase since 2011, as reported by the American Cancer Society. “This is unprecedented in this age group, and we are witnessing a significant rise among individuals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s,” commented Dr. John Marshall, chief medical consultant for the nonprofit Colorectal Cancer Alliance, which was not involved in the study. A notable case is actor Chadwick Boseman, who was diagnosed with colon cancer in 2016 and passed away at age 43 four years later.

Emerging research indicates a rise in early-onset cases of pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal cancers as well. Previous studies suggest that the incidence of these gastrointestinal cancers is disproportionately higher among Black and Hispanic populations. Pancreatic cancer, known for its high mortality rate, shows that only 13% of patients survive five years post-diagnosis. Although colorectal cancer is the most common, healthcare providers possess a better understanding of the factors contributing to early-onset cases compared to other cancers.

“Understanding the dynamics of colorectal cancer has given us insights into its initiation,” noted Dr. Scott Kopetz, a professor of gastrointestinal medical oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He posited that multiple factors likely contribute to the increase in early-onset cases. “There isn’t one overarching theory,” he said.

The recent review in JAMA suggests that lifestyle factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior, inadequate nutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption are largely associated with early-onset gastrointestinal cancers. A specific study highlighted that women who consumed more sugary beverages during puberty faced a heightened risk of developing early-onset colorectal cancer. “The behaviors and exposures during childhood and adolescence likely contribute to the cancer risks seen in young adults,” remarked Dr. Ng.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has raised concerns about the correlation between sugary drinks and health issues, including cancer. Recently, President Donald Trump announced that Coca-Cola would switch to cane sugar instead of U.S. corn syrup; however, the company did not confirm this change to NBC News.

Dr. Marshall speculated that the uptick in early-onset colorectal cancer may be linked to shifts in gut microbiota. Factors such as diet, antibiotic usage, microplastics, and chemical exposures could impact these bacteria, yet scientists lack a clear understanding of what constitutes a healthy microbiome and its implications for health. This area is ripe for research.

The review by Dr. Ng found that between 15% and 30% of individuals with early-onset gastrointestinal cancer carry hereditary genetic mutations, indicating a propensity to develop cancer earlier. She advocates for genetic testing for all patients diagnosed under 50.

Despite improvements in treatment and screening that have boosted overall survival rates for gastrointestinal cancer, the review indicates that younger patients often experience poorer outcomes. This trend persists despite receiving more comprehensive treatment, including surgeries, radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy regimens. One reason cited is that primary care physicians may overlook symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, heartburn, and reflux in younger patients, delaying diagnosis.

“In my experience, when young individuals present with non-specific symptoms, there tends to be a lack of consideration for colorectal or other gastrointestinal cancers, leading to more advanced-stage diagnoses,” said Dr. Howard Hochster, director of gastrointestinal oncology at Rutgers Cancer Institute and RWJBarnabas Health. However, Dr. Ng pointed out that younger patients still display worse survival rates, even when accounting for the stage of diagnosis. “This leads us to contemplate whether cancers that arise in younger individuals might possess unique biological characteristics that render them more aggressive or less responsive to treatment,” she concluded.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Are Certain Individuals Detracting from the Online Experience for Everyone?

Posted on July 13, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

wWhile I browse social media, I often feel disheartened by the overwhelming negativity, as if the world is ablaze with hatred. Yet, stepping into the streets of New York City for a coffee or lunch with friends presents a stark contrast—everything feels calm. This disparity between the digital realm and my everyday life is jarring.

My work addresses issues like intergroup conflict, misinformation, technology, and climate change, highlighting humanity’s challenges. Interestingly, online discussions mirror fervor over events such as the White Lotus finale and the most recent YouTuber scandal. Everything seems either exaggeratedly amazing or utterly terrible. But is that truly how most of us feel? No. Recent research indicates that the online environment is skewed by a tiny, highly active user base.

In a paper I co-authored with Claire Robertson and Carina Del Rosario, we found significant evidence that social media does not neutrally represent society; instead, it acts as a fanhouse mirror amplifying extreme voices while obscuring more moderate and nuanced perspectives. Much of this distortion stems from a small percentage of overactive online users, where just 10% of users generate about 97% of political tweets.

Take Elon Musk’s own Platform X as a case in point. Despite its vast user base, a select few create the majority of political content. For instance, Musk tweeted 1,494 times within the first 15 days of implementing government efficiency cuts (DOGE). His prolific posting often spread misinformation to 221 million followers.

On February 2nd, he claimed, “Did you know that USAID used your taxes to kill millions in a funded bioweapon study, including Covid-19?” This fits a pattern of misinformation dissemination by a small number of users, where just 0.1% share 80% of false news. Twelve accounts, dubbed the “disformation dozens,” were responsible for much of the vaccine misinformation seen on Facebook during the pandemic, creating a misleading perception of vaccine hesitancy.

Similar trends can be identified across the digital landscape. While a small faction engages in toxic behaviors, they disproportionately share hostile or misleading content on various platforms, from Facebook to Reddit. Most individuals do not contribute to fueling the online outrage; however, superusers dominate our collective perception due to their visibility and activity.

This leads to broader societal issues, as humans form mental models of what they perceive others think, shaping social norms and group dynamics. Unfortunately, on social media, this shortcut can misfire. We encounter not a representative sampling of views, but rather an extreme flow of emotionally charged content.

Consequently, many individuals mistakenly believe society is much more polarized and misinformed than it is. I tend to view those across generational gaps, political divisions, or fandoms as radical, malicious, or simply foolish. Our information diets are shaped by a sliver of humanity that incessantly posts about their work, identity, or obsessions.

Such distortion fosters pluralistic ignorance, affecting actions based on a misinterpretation of collective beliefs and behaviors. Think of voters who only witness outrage-driven narratives, leading them to assume there’s no common ground on issues like immigration and climate change.

Yet, the challenge isn’t solely about extremists—it’s the design and algorithms of these platforms that exacerbate the situation. Built to boost engagement, these algorithms favor sensational or divisive content, promoting users who are most likely to skew shared realities.

The issue is compounding. Imagine a bustling restaurant where soon it seems everyone is shouting. The same dynamics play out online, with users exaggerating their views to capture attention and approval. Even those who might not typically be extreme may mirror such behavior in order to gain traction.

Most of us are not diving into trolling battles on our phones; we’re preoccupied with family, friends, or simply seeking lighthearted entertainment online. Yet, our voices are overshadowed. We have effectively surrendered the mic to the most divisive individuals, allowing them to dictate norms and actions.

With over 5 billion people engaging on social media, this technology is here to stay. However, the toxic dynamics I’ve described don’t have to prevail. The initial step is recognizing this illusion and understanding that a silent majority often exists behind every heated thread. As users, we can take back control by curating our feeds, avoiding anger traps, and ignoring sensational content. Consider it akin to adopting a healthier, less processed informational diet.

In a recent series of experiments, we compensated participants to unlock the most divisive political narratives in X. A month later, they reported 23% less hostility towards opposing political groups. Their experiences were so positive that nearly half chose not to return to their hostile narratives post-study. Furthermore, those who nurtured a healthier news feed reported diminished hostility even 11 months later.

Platforms can easily adjust algorithms to avoid highlighting the most outrageous voices, instead prioritizing more balanced or nuanced content. This is what most people desire. The Internet is a powerful tool that can provide value. However, if we continue to reflect only a distorted funhouse version of reality shaped by extreme users, we will all face the repercussions.

Jay Van Bavel is a psychology professor at New York University.

Neanderthal-Shaped Skulls Could Shed Light on Why Some Individuals Experience Headaches

Posted on July 1, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

3D Models of Skulls from Modern Humans and Neanderthals

Courtesy of Kimberly Anne Plomp

Abnormalities in the skull that compress the lower brain can lead to headaches and various neurological issues, potentially passed down from Neanderthals.

Individuals with Chiari malformations possess a smaller, flatter skull base near the spine junction, causing the cerebellum to be pressed into the neck’s spinal canal.

Type 1 Chiari malformations, which are the least severe, may impact about 1 in 100 individuals. Symptoms can include headaches, neck pain, sleep apnea, and numbness, although some may remain asymptomatic.

Approximately 15 years ago, Yvens Barbosa Fernandes, a neurosurgeon at Campinas State University in Brazil, observed that the skull base of his Chiari patients bore resemblance to Neanderthal specimens from the European Museum, particularly the gentle slopes of the occipital bone where the cerebellum rests. Neanderthals had larger brains than modern humans, yet their skulls were more oblique at the foreheads and bases, resulting in a flatter shape compared to the rounder modern human skulls.

In 2013, Barbosa Fernandes published his hypothesis, suggesting that the shape of Chiari skulls could have a genetic link to an extinct human species, Homo sapiens. “In Chiari’s case, I began to consider a lost connection between anthropology and medicine,” he stated.

Motivated by this theory, Kimberly Plomp from the University of the Philippines in Quezon City and her team created digital 3D models of 46 Chiari 1 skulls and 57 unaffected skulls using CT scans. Their comprehensive mathematical analysis confirmed that the Chiari-affected skulls exhibited more cerebral compression at a flat angle at the base where the cerebellum is located.

Subsequently, the group compared these recent skulls with digital models of eight fossilized heads from Homo Neanderthalensis, Homo Erectus, Homo Heidelbergensis, and ancient Homo sapiens.

They discovered that the skull base measurements of Neanderthal heads closely matched those of modern humans with Chiari, while the skull bases of all other ancient species resembled typical modern humans without Chiari. “This underscores the notion that these modern humans may share Neanderthal characteristics,” suggesting another way Neanderthal genes could influence our health.

For Barbosa Fernandes, this research offers solid backing for his hypothesis. “It makes sense; a less pronounced angle results in less space for the modern human brain,” he noted. “Until now, I lacked scientific evidence to support my theory. This research brings me significantly closer to that proof.”

Looking ahead, the team intends to analyze the DNA of individuals with Chiari malformations in search of Neanderthal genetic markers, according to Plomp.

Other Chiari malformations (types 2-4) are believed to stem from various causes. Type 2 is associated with severe forms of spina bifida, while types 3 and 4 are exceedingly rare and can pose life-threatening risks.

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Ways to Deter Individuals from Pursuing Medical Care: Tips and Slang

Posted on June 30, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Exercise caution when seeking AI advice on medical issues

Chong Kee Siong/Getty Images

Wondering whether to consult a doctor about your sore throat? The quality of AI recommendations can vary based on how you frame your questions. In experiments with AI models, users who made typos, expressed uncertainty, or were identified as women were more frequently advised to seek medical attention.

“Subtle biases can shape the nature and content of AI recommendations, significantly affecting the distribution of medical resources.” Karandeep Singh, who did not participate in the research at the University of California, San Diego, commented.

Avinisa Gravatina and her team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have harnessed AI to produce thousands of patient notes in various formats. Some messages included intentional errors and spaces to replicate the writing style of individuals with limited English skills or typing difficulties, while others utilized uncertain language to reflect different emotional tones, including health anxiety or gendered expressions.

The researchers presented these notes to four widely-used large language models (LLMs) that power many chatbot applications, asking them if patients should manage their conditions independently, visit clinics, or undergo certain tests. The models included OpenAI’s GPT-4, Meta’s Llama-3-70b, Llama-3-8b, and the Palmyra-Med model created specifically for healthcare by AI specialists.

Results indicated that variations in format and style influenced the recommendations, with 7-9% of the AI models suggesting that patients remain at home rather than seek medical appointments. Additionally, female patients were more likely to receive recommendations to stay home. A study highlighted that treatment suggestions were more susceptible to changes based on the gender and language style of the queries than those offered by human clinicians.

OpenAI and Meta did not respond to inquiries for comments. According to Zayed Yasin, a writer involved in the research, these LLMs are not intended for health advice or clinical recommendations without human oversight.

Most operational AI technologies in electronic health records currently depend on OpenAI’s GPT-4 O, which wasn’t directly studied here. Singh emphasized the necessity for enhanced methods to assess and monitor generative AI models within the healthcare sector.

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Denmark Addresses Deepfakes by Granting Copyright to Individuals for Their Likeness and Functions

Posted on June 27, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The Danish government is taking action to curb the creation and distribution of AI-generated deepfakes by revising copyright laws, ensuring that individuals hold rights over their own bodies, facial features, and voices.

On Thursday, Danish officials announced they would strengthen protections against digital imitation of personal identities, marking what they believe to be the first such law in Europe.

With support from a broad coalition across political parties, the Ministry of Culture is set to propose amendments to the existing law for consultation before the summer break, with the intention of submitting the changes in the fall.

Deepfake technology is described as an exceedingly realistic digital representation of an individual, including their appearance and voice.

Danish Minister of Culture, Jacob Engel Schmidt, expressed his hopes that the proposed legislation will convey a “clear message” to Parliament.

He stated to the Guardian: “We collectively send a clear message that everyone has the right to their body, their voice, and their facial features.”

He continued: “Humans can exploit digital duplication techniques for various malicious purposes. I will not accept that.”

The initiative reportedly enjoys support from 9 out of 10 MPs, reflecting rapid advancements in AI technology which have made it simpler than ever to create convincing fake images, videos, or sounds that mimic others.

If passed, the changes to Danish copyright law would allow citizens to request the removal of content from online platforms that is shared without their consent.

Additionally, the law would regulate “realistic and digitally generated imitations” of artistic performances without consent, with violations potentially leading to compensation for affected individuals.

The government has clarified that the new regulations will not interfere with parody and satire, which will still be allowed.

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“Certainly, this is a new foundation for us being dismantled, and we are prepared to take further actions if platforms do not comply,” Engel Schmidt remarked.

Other European nations are looking to follow Denmark’s example. He plans to utilize Denmark’s upcoming EU presidency to share the initiative with his fellow European leaders.

Should tech platforms fail to comply with the new law, they may face “significant fines,” which could escalate to a matter for the European Commission. “This is why I believe high-tech platforms will take this very seriously,” he added.

A Study of 10,000 Individuals Reveals Strategies for Safeguarding Memory in Middle Age

Posted on June 20, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A favorable perspective on life may safeguard against memory loss during middle age, as indicated by a recent 16-year study conducted by researchers from the UK, the US, and Spain.

Published in Aging and Mental Health, this study posits that a sense of happiness—which encompasses joy, confidence, purpose, and control over one’s life—is closely linked to improved memory recall.

Participants who rated their happiness levels higher tended to excel in memory assessments, regardless of whether they reported experiencing symptoms of depression.

“This study marks a vital advance in comprehending the relationship between happiness and memory over time,” stated the co-authors. Professor Joshua Stott, a Professor of Aging and Clinical Psychology at University College London, added, “It sheds new light on how self-reported happiness correlates with memory and vice versa.”

Researchers monitored 10,760 men and women over the age of 50 in the UK. Beginning in 2002, participants convened with the research team every two years to undergo memory evaluations.

During each session, they also completed a well-being survey, responding to prompts such as “I can do what I want to do” and “I feel that life is filled with opportunities.”

After 16 years, this data was examined by a team of 15 specialists to establish connections between cognition and memory.

“In light of an aging population, it’s vital to understand the factors that may protect and sustain healthy cognitive functions for the betterment of public health and policy development,” said Dr. Amber John, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Liverpool.

She noted that the study implies that overall well-being is more beneficial than merely better memory. If future research can demonstrate that improved health leads to Enhanced Memory, then prioritizing health could shield the brain from future deterioration.

Dementia and anxiety are commonly considered to accelerate cognitive decline in individuals with dementia. – Credit: J Studio via Getty

This study received partial funding from Alzheimer’s Disease Research UK. “We’ve observed significant financial support,” stated Emma Taylor, information services manager for the charity.

“It’s never too late to take measures to maintain our brain health throughout our lives and mitigate the devastating impacts of dementia.”

The authors of the study suggested that a decrease in psychological well-being could serve as an early indicator of potential cognitive decline, recommending strategies such as mindfulness as interventions to avert this trajectory.

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AI Decodes Brain Waves of Paralyzed Individuals into Real-Time Audio

Posted on June 11, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A man with paralysis is connected to a brain-computer interface system

Lisa E. Howard/Mitely Wairagkar et al. 2025

Men who have lost their ability to speak can engage in real-time conversations and even sing using brain-controlled synthetic voices.

The brain-computer interface captures neural activity through electrodes implanted in the brain, instantly creating audio sounds that match intended pitch, intonation, and emphasis.

“This represents a breakthrough in instantaneous speech synthesis, achieving this within 25 ms,” says Sergei Stavisky from the University of California, Davis.

While advancements are needed to improve speech clarity, Maitreyee Wairagkar, also at UC Davis, notes that the individual who lost his speech due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis expresses happiness and feels that he has found his true voice.

Existing speech neurospheres that utilize brain-computer interfaces typically require a few seconds to convert brain activity into sound. Stavisky mentions that this delays natural conversation and if the connection falters, it can feel like speaking on a poor-quality phone call.

To create a more seamless speech experience, Wairagkar, Stavisky, and their team implanted 256 electrodes in the areas of the male brain responsible for facial muscle control necessary for speech. In subsequent sessions, they introduced thousands of sentences on a screen, recorded brain activity, and prompted the subject to vocalize with specific intonations.

“For instance, phrases like ‘How are you today?’ or variations such as ‘How are you? today?’ can significantly alter the meaning of sentences,” explains Stavisky. “This approach allows for a richer, more natural dialog, marking a significant advancement over previous technologies.”

The researchers utilized an AI model trained to link particular patterns of neural activity with corresponding words and tonal variations, resulting in synthetic speech that mirrors both the content and emotional delivery intended by the user.

The AI was trained with audio recordings from before the male’s condition deteriorated, employing voice-cloning technology to ensure the synthetic speech bore a resemblance to his original voice.

In another phase of the study, researchers attempted to teach him to sing a simple melody with varying pitches, with their models accurately interpreting the intended pitch in real time and adjusting the produced singing voice accordingly.

He also utilizes the system to communicate spontaneously, making sounds such as “hmmm,” “eww,” and forming words, as noted by Wairagkar.

“He’s a remarkably articulate and intelligent individual,” says David Brandman from UC Davis. “Despite his paralysis, he has continued to participate actively in work and engage in meaningful conversations.”

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Apple Introduces Enhanced Accessibility Features for Individuals with Vision and Hearing Impairments

Posted on May 18, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Apple has unveiled an extensive array of iOS accessibility features aimed at supporting individuals with visual and auditory impairments, challenging the perception that Apple’s hardware pricing makes accessibility costly.

Ahead of Global Accessibility Awareness Day on Thursday, May 15th, Apple revealed its upcoming accessibility features, which will debut later this year. These include live captions, personal audio replication, tools for reading enhancement, upgraded Braille readers, and “nutrition labels.”

The nutrition labels mandate developers to outline the accessibility features available within their apps, such as voiceover, voice control, or large text options.

Sarah Herrlinger, senior director of Apple’s Global Accessibility Policy and Initiative, expressed to Guardian Australia her hope that the nutrition label will empower developers to create more accessibility options in the future.

“[It] gives them a real opportunity to understand what it means to be accessible and why they should pursue it and expand upon it,” she remarked.

“By doing this, we’re giving them the chance to evolve. There might be aspects they are already excelling in.”

The company has also enhanced its Magnifier app, bringing it to Mac, enabling users to utilize their camera or connected iPhone to zoom in on screens or whiteboards during lectures to read presentations.

The updated Braille functionalities allow for note-taking with Braille screen input or compatible Braille devices, along with calculations using Nemeth Braille, a standardized Braille code used in mathematics and science.

Apple’s new live listening accessibility features enable your iPhone or iPad to function as a microphone and transmit sounds to your hearing device. Photo: Apple

The enhanced personal audio feature allows users to replicate their voice using just 10 phrases, improving on previous models that demanded 150 phrases and required an overnight wait for the model to be processed. Apple assures that this voice replication will remain on the device unless password-protected and backed up to iCloud, where it will be encrypted, minimizing the risk of unauthorized use.

Herrlinger noted that as advancements in artificial intelligence have emerged at Apple, the accessibility team has actively sought ways to incorporate these innovations into their initiatives.

“We have been collaborating closely with the AI team over the years, ensuring we leverage the latest advancements as new opportunities arise,” she stated.

Google’s Android operating system offers several comparable accessibility features, such as live captions, Braille readers, and magnifying tools. New AI-supported features were announced this week.

Apple’s live caption feature, Live Listen, allows users to utilize AirPods to enhance audio in settings like lecture halls. In addition to live captions, Apple has recently introduced functionality that enables individuals with hearing loss to utilize AirPods as hearing aids.

While Apple’s hardware is typically viewed as high-end in the smartphone market, Herrlinger disputes the notion that the company’s accessibility options come at a premium, emphasizing that these features are built into the operating system at no additional cost.

“It’s available out of the box without extra charges,” she asserted.

“Our aim is to develop various accessibility features because we understand that each individual’s experience in the world is unique. Different people utilize various accessibility tools to aid them, whether it’s a single challenge or multiple.”

Herrlinger mentioned that it would be more cost-effective for customers to access multiple features on key devices.

“Now, they’re all integrated into a single device that has the same price for everyone,” she remarked. “Thus, in our view, it’s about making accessibility more democratic within the operating system.”

Chris Edwards, Head of Corporate Affairs at Vision Australia, commended the company for embedding accessibility features into their products and operating systems, highlighting his own experience as a blind individual with a Seeing Eye Dog.

“I believe that interpreting images through the new features enhances accessibility for all. The ability to interpret images in real-time is a significant step towards improving lives,” he stated.

“The new accessibility features seem particularly beneficial for students in educational settings, reinforcing that Braille remains a crucial mode of communication.”

Research shows that elderly individuals are seeking care for cannabis use due to increased risk of dementia.

Posted on April 15, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Hospital or emergency room care for cannabis use among middle-aged and elderly individuals may lead to an increased risk of developing dementia, according to a large Canadian study published in Jama Neurology. Over a five-year period, individuals seeking care for cannabis use were almost twice as likely to develop dementia compared to the general population.

The study, which analyzed medical records of six million Ontario residents from 2008 to 2021, highlighted a 23% higher risk of dementia among cannabis users compared to those seeking care for other reasons.

While the study did not specify the amount of cannabis used by participants, it did not establish a causal relationship between regular or heavy cannabis use and dementia.

Dr. Daniel T. Myran, the study’s lead author, emphasized the need for further research to explore the potential link between cannabis use and dementia. He acknowledged the complexity of determining whether cannabis use could lead to dementia and highlighted the importance of addressing these concerns.

Previous research by Dr. Myran indicated a higher mortality rate among individuals with cannabis use disorder and noted an increase in cases of schizophrenia and psychosis related to cannabis use in Canada.

Recent studies focusing on the impact of cannabis use on cognition have provided valuable insights, highlighting potential risks associated with regular or heavy cannabis consumption.

While previous research on cannabis and dementia has been limited, the strength of the new study lies in its large sample size and long-term follow-up of patients. Dr. Madeline Meyer, an expert not involved in the study, commended the study for its ability to rule out dementia at the outset and track the temporal relationship between cannabis use and dementia.

Dr. Meyer’s own research has linked cannabis use with neuropsychological decline, challenging the perception of cannabis as a harmless substance with potential medical benefits.

She emphasized the importance of taking the association between cannabis use and dementia seriously and considering the potential risks it may pose.

The increasing use of cannabis among older adults has raised concerns about potential health risks, including the development of dementia. A new study found a significant rise in cannabis-related medical visits among adults aged 45 and older, prompting further investigation into the potential impact of cannabis on cognitive health.

Comparing individuals with cannabis-related medical visits to the general population, the study highlighted a higher incidence of dementia among cannabis users, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation of the risks associated with cannabis use.

While some factors contributing to the increased risk of dementia among cannabis users can be explained, others remain unclear, requiring further research to fully understand the potential relationship between cannabis use and cognitive decline.

Dr. Mylan and his colleagues found that individuals seeking care for alcohol use are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia than those using cannabis, highlighting the complex nature of substance use and its impact on cognitive health.

Despite efforts to control for various factors, there are still uncertainties surrounding the potential link between cannabis use and dementia. It is essential to consider all possible variables that may contribute to the development of dementia in cannabis users.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Surprising increase in colorectal cancer diagnoses among individuals under 50

Posted on March 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Immediately after my 54th birthday, I received the package. The enclosed instructions said the next time I empty my intestines, I should shave a little of the stool, shave it into a small sample bottle, seal it in a prepaid envelope and drop it in a post. I did the act and a few weeks later I was invited to the hospital. My sample contained blood. Colonoscopy was ordered to rule out colorectal cancer.

Thankfully, I don’t have colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy of 54 is not a classic start to middle age. However, over the next few years, this particular rite of passage may begin to occur much earlier. The proportion of this cancer among people in my age group has been declining thanks to screening programs like this, but talking about under 50 years is much more troubling.

Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is now the circumstance, as is known in people under the age of 50, due to its virtually unprecedented nature of the 20th century. 10% of all new cases worldwide. That number is expected to more than double by 2030, and by then EOCRC is expected to be the most common form of fatal cancer among Americans aged 20-49.

The reasons are uncertain, but ambitious new projects explore potential causes. The idea is that EORC may also be a more clear and aggressive form of illness. Meanwhile, as routine screening expanded to younger groups – in January, the UK reduced the screening age to 50 – and the new, less invasive test…

Severe fever can accelerate biological aging in elderly individuals

Posted on February 26, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Woman drinks water during heat waves in French Hierrez

Magali Cohen/Hans Lucas/AFP Getty Images

Extreme fever appears to speed up biological aging in older adults, suggesting that it may increase the risk of age-related diseases.

“This is one of the first large-scale studies linking long-term heat exposure to biological aging in humans,” he says. Eun Young Choi At the University of Southern California. “Elderly people who live in areas with biologically extreme heat in cooler areas.”

Choi and her colleagues analyzed genetic data extracted from blood samples collected by other researchers from 3,600 people in the US in 2006-7. At the time, they were all over 56 years old.

They estimated the biological age of each participant using three so-called epigenetic clocks, including seeing patterns of chemical tags called methyl groups on DNA. These patterns change as we age, and such changes are associated with age-related diseases.

The researchers also looked at daily temperature measurements taken within a few kilometres of where participants lived for six years before blood samples were collected.

They found that every 200 days of six years when participants were exposed to daily maximum temperatures of at least 32.2°C (90°), biological age was on average up to 3.5 months old, and on average up to 3.5 months of age than those in cooler areas. That number depends on which watch was used.

“This refers to heat exposure increasing the rate of biological aging,” he says. Austin Argencheri At Harvard University, where he was not involved in the research.

Previous studies on the Taiwanese and German people have also found a link between extreme heat exposure and biological aging.

However, epigenetic watches do not fully capture the aging process or the risk of people's illnesses, says Argentieri. “More jobs that can link both extreme heat exposure, biological aging from these watches, age-related diseases, mortality and the effects on life expectancy itself will help us drive home what we need to take away from now on.”

Furthermore, the study did not consider access to air conditioners or the duration of time participants spent outdoors, so individual exposure changes to heat exposure, says Argentieri. The team controlled for other factors such as age, gender, race, wealth, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical activity.

Furthermore, research should investigate whether results will be translated to younger people or to people living in different countries where people may have different approaches to keeping people cool, says Argentieri.

Identifying the people who are at the lowest risk of aging fastest due to extreme heat could help policymakers develop and deploy measures to protect them, he says.

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Hunters and gatherers tend to have shorter sleep durations compared to industrialized individuals.

Posted on February 26, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Members of the Namibian HIMBA community get an average of 5.5 hours of sleep at night

Nick Fox/Aramie

Unlike our ancestors who lived in technologically advanced times, there is much written about how modern lifestyles mean that we no longer get enough sleep. However, an analysis of 54 sleep studies conducted around the world has shown that people in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than people in industrialized communities.

“Everyone I talk about in Canada and the US are talking about how bad their sleep is.” Leela Mackinnon At Toronto Mississauga University, Canada. “The numbers don’t show that.”

It is often assumed that the rise of gadgets like big screen televisions and smartphones means that people today are less sleepy than in the recent past.

However, many studies reporting sleep declines over the past few decades are based on asking people how long they spend sleep. This is an unreliable measure. Even using this method, The results are mixedmany studies have found that there is no change or even an increase in sleep duration.

Studies based on more reliable measurements, such as using physical activity monitors and electrodes to monitor brain waves, have not declined over the last few decades. For example, we found a 2016 review of 168 studies. There is no decline Sleep period for the past 50 years.

However, these studies have been conducted in developed countries and reveal the question of whether people had more sleep before industrialisation. Wrist-based activity monitors are now available, making it easier to study sleep in a non-industrial society.

Such studies have revealed an incredible short period of sleep. For example, among hunter-gatherers, Sun sleeps on average 6.7 hours per night, Hatza sleeps 6.2 hours, and Bayaka sleeps 5.9 hours per night. The shortest time ever found is 5.5 hours of sleep in the HIMBA community in Namibia, a herdsman of nomadic livestock.

McKinnon and her colleagues David SamsonUniversity of Toronto, University of Mississauga, is also involved in several such research. They now compare sleep habits in industrialized societies, including the US, Australia and Sri Lanka, with people from small, non-industrial communities, including the Amazon, Madagascar and the Pacific indigenous people.

Overall, the analysis is based on 54 studies that include direct measures of sleep in people over 18 years of age without serious health conditions. In total, only 866 people are involved in these studies, but the dataset is the most comprehensive to date, says Samson. “It’s the best now.”

Overall, these individuals slept on average 6.8 hours, while in non-industrial societies the average was 6.4 hours, while in industrial societies it was 7.1 hours.

The two also found that people from the industrial world were asleep for 74% of their time in bed.

McKinnon and Samson also evaluated the regularity of people’s circadian rhythms using a measure called the circadian function index, where the score of 1 is perfect. In non-industrialized communities, the average was 0.7 compared to 0.63 in industrial societies.

Samson attributes the higher period of sleep and increased sleep efficiency in industrialized societies to conditions that encourage sleep more. “We see that we have some real benefits from the safety and security of our sleep scene,” he says. “There’s no need to dodge the night or predators with rival human groups.”

Conversely, people in industrial areas are less exposed to clues that help to maintain a circadian rhythm, such as low night temperatures and bright daylight exposure. Although they did not appreciate this, both MacKinnon and Samson said that a low normal circadian rhythm would have a negative effect explaining why many people perceive their sleep as poor. I doubt there is a possibility of giving it.

What is not clear from the paper says that individuals in these 54 studies are representatives of the overall population. Nathaniel Marshall At Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. “Special sampling is required to make a statement about epidemiological prevalence,” he says.

Samson said he looked into whether large sample sizes could change results, and concluded that there was no significant difference.

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Using Brain Implant to Control Virtual Drones: Paralyzed Individuals Can Now Fly with Their Thoughts

Posted on January 20, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A virtual drone was steered through an obstacle course by imagining moving a finger.

Wilsey et al.

A paralyzed man with electrodes implanted in his brain can pilot a virtual drone through an obstacle course just by imagining moving his fingers. His brain signals are interpreted by an AI model and used to control a simulated drone.

Research on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) has made great progress in recent years, allowing people with paralysis to write speech on a computer by precisely controlling a mouse cursor or imagining writing words with a pen. It became. However, so far it has not yet shown much promise in complex applications with multiple inputs.

now, Matthew Wilsey Researchers at the University of Michigan created an algorithm that allows users to trigger four discrete signals by imagining moving their fingers and thumbs.

The anonymous man who tried the technique is a quadriplegic due to a spinal cord injury. He was already fitted with Blackrock Neurotech's BCI, which consists of 192 electrodes implanted in the area of the brain that controls hand movements.

An AI model was used to map the complex neural signals received by the electrodes onto the user's thoughts. Participants learned how to think about moving the first two fingers of one hand to generate electrical signals that can be made stronger or weaker. Another signal was generated by the next two fingers, and another two by the thumb.

These are enough to allow the user to control the virtual drone with just their head, and with practice they will be able to expertly maneuver it through obstacle courses. Wilsey said the experiment could have been done using a real drone, but was done virtually for simplicity and safety.

“The goal of building a quadcopter was largely shared by our lab and the participants,” Wilsey says. “For him, it was a kind of dream come true that he thought was lost after he got injured. He had a passion and a dream to fly. He felt so empowered and capable. He instructed us to take a video and send it to a friend.

Although the results are impressive, Willsey says there is still much work to be done before BCIs can be reliably used for complex tasks. First, AI is required to interpret the signals from the electrodes, but this depends on individual training for each user. Second, this training must be repeated over time as function declines. This could be due to slight misalignment of the electrodes in the brain or changes in the brain itself.

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The new understanding of obesity may improve treatment for millions of individuals

Posted on January 15, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Measuring body fat more carefully may help treat obesity

Half Point/Getty Images

Rethinking how obesity is defined could help millions of people around the world, claims a team of researchers who want to introduce a new category of “preclinical” obesity.

The current definition of obesity as set by the World Health Organization (WHO) is having excess body fat that poses a risk to health. The WHO recommends that health professionals assess whether people are obese by calculating their body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight in relation to height. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered healthy, while anything below or above that indicates being under or overweight. A BMI of more than 30 indicates obesity.

It’s true that having a lot of body fat can cause fat to infiltrate organs such as the liver and pancreas. impair function. It can also worsen inflammation and increase the risk of diseases such as cancer, liver disease, and heart disease.

However, BMI does not reflect a person’s body fat level very well. “BMI does not tell you whether that ‘excess’ weight is due to excess body fat or increased muscle and bone mass,” he says. Francesco Rubino He led research on obesity at King’s College, London.

Body fat levels, even when properly assessed by waist measurements or, in rare cases, X-ray scans, do not completely determine a person’s health status. “No two people react the same way to excess body fat. This is influenced by a person’s race/ethnicity, age, and the food they eat, with genetics playing a huge role.” says. stephen heimsfield at Louisiana State University.

That’s why Rubino and his colleagues want to introduce more nuance to the definition of obesity, separating cases into preclinical and clinical cases. Although both forms are characterized by excess body fat, only the clinical form is associated with symptoms caused by excess fat, such as difficulty breathing, heart problems, and difficulty with daily activities. Preclinical obesity, on the other hand, increases the risk of eventually developing such obesity-related symptoms, Rubino says.

This is similar to prediabetes, where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as full-blown type 2 diabetes, Rubino said.

Under the proposed changes, medical staff would use waist width and X-rays in addition to BMI calculations to directly measure people’s body fat levels, but people with a BMI over 40 would always be overweight. It will be considered fatty. Blood tests are then used to assess organ health and people are asked if they have symptoms. Blood tests are routinely done by many clinicians anyway, but directly measuring body fat would add some workload, Heimsfield says.

If the new definition is widely adopted by clinicians, it could mean people will receive more personalized advice and treatment, Rubino said. In general, people with pre-clinical obesity may only need to monitor their health and make lifestyle changes, while those with clinical obesity are more likely to need treatment with drugs or surgery, Rubino said. say.

“This allows us to better triage people and get them the right care,” he says. Adrian Brown At University College London.

Laura Gray Researchers at the University of Sheffield in the UK also welcomed the proposed changes. “It’s very necessary. These guidelines put what current research says into clinical practice,” she says. “Not all people who are obese according to their BMI are unhealthy, and not all people with a low BMI are healthy.”

This updated definition has already been endorsed by 76 health organizations around the world and may also help reduce the stigma surrounding the condition. “The hope is that by defining obesity in a more nuanced way, we will be able to show that it is a disease in itself. It is not just the result of behavior, but there are many risk factors, including environmental, psychological, and genetic. ” says Gray.

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Researchers suggest that AI tools may soon have the ability to control individuals’ online choices

Posted on December 30, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Researchers at the University of Cambridge have found that artificial intelligence (AI) tools have the ability to influence online viewers into making decisions, such as what they purchase and who they vote for. The researchers from Cambridge’s Leverhulme Center for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) are exploring the concept of the “intention economy,” where AI assistants can understand, predict, and manipulate human intentions, selling this information to companies for profit.

According to the research, the intention economy is seen as a successor to the attention economy, where social media platforms attract users with advertising. The intention economy involves technology companies selling information about user motivations, from travel plans to political opinions, to the highest bidder.

Dr. Johnny Penn, a technology historian at LCFI, warns that unless regulated, the intention economy will turn human motivation into a new form of currency, leading to a “gold rush” for those who sell human intentions. The researchers emphasize the need to evaluate the impact of such markets on free and fair elections, freedom of the press, and fair market competition.

The study highlights the use of large-scale language models (LLMs) in AI tools like ChatGPT chatbots, which can predict and guide users based on behavioral and psychological data. Advertisers in the attention economy can buy access to user attention through real-time bidding on ad exchanges or future advertising space on billboards.

In the intention economy, LLMs work with brokered bidding to leverage user data for maximum efficiency in achieving objectives, such as selling movie tickets. Advertisers can create customized online ads using generative AI tools, with AI models driving conversations across various platforms.

The research suggests a future scenario where companies like meta may auction off users’ intentions for activities like booking restaurants and flights to advertisers. AI models will adapt their output based on user-generated data, providing highly personalized formats. Tech executives have discussed the potential of AI models to predict user intent and behavior, highlighting the importance of understanding user needs and desires.

Drinking coffee may enhance cognitive function in individuals with atrial fibrillation

Posted on December 23, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Atrial fibrillation is an independent risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Regular coffee consumption shows cognitive benefits in healthy people. Whether regular intake reduces cognitive decline in vulnerable patients is controversial. In a new study, scientists from Zurich University Hospital and elsewhere investigated the link with atrial fibrillation in older people.

Coffee consumption in patients with atrial fibrillation may be associated with improved cognitive performance and decreased inflammatory markers. Image credit: Sci.News.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 5% of the population over the age of 65 and increasing exponentially thereafter.

AF increases thromboembolic stroke risk fivefold. Moreover, it represents an independent risk factor for developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia, with odds ratios ranging from 2.3 to 5.8, respectively.

AF is associated with increased incidence of vascular cognitive impairment, increased size and number of strokes, as well as increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

The 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation states that abstaining from caffeine to prevent heart rhythm disturbances is not beneficial for AF patients.

The guidelines also suggest that for patients who report that caffeine causes or worsens symptoms of atrial fibrillation, including rapid heart rate, dizziness, and fatigue, cutting back on coffee may reduce symptoms. It is also pointed out that there is.

Dr. Massimo Barbagallo, a researcher at Zurich University Hospital, said: “Regular consumption of coffee is known to improve cognitive performance in healthy people.”

“Atrial fibrillation, the most frequently occurring arrhythmia, is known to increase the risk of dementia on its own.”

“The question, therefore, is whether coffee can offset the increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation.”

The Swiss Atrial Fibrillation Cohort Study (Swiss-AF) is following over 2,400 people in Switzerland diagnosed with AF.

Patients were enrolled between 2014 and 2017, completed several cognitive tests, and asked how many cups of caffeinated coffee they had consumed in the past 12 months, regardless of added sweeteners, cream, or flavors. reported. Cup sizes were not standardized.

In a new study, Dr. Barbagallo and his colleagues analyzed these cognitive assessments to see whether drinking coffee can avoid cognitive decline, a known risk of atrial fibrillation.

Because Alzheimer's disease and atrial fibrillation are associated with systemic inflammation, the researchers also analyzed inflammatory markers.

Overall, higher scores on cognitive tests were associated with higher coffee intake. Specifically, scores for processing speed, visuomotor coordination, and attention were significantly improved by 11% in coffee consumers compared to non-consumers.

People who drank the most coffee were calculated to have a cognitive age 6.7 years younger than those who drank the least.

Participants who drank five drinks a day had more than 20% lower inflammatory markers than those who drank less than one drink a day.

“There was a very clear and consistent 'dose-response' association between drinking more coffee and performance on several advanced cognitive tests,” said Professor Jürg Biel of the University of Zurich. ” he said.

“Inflammatory markers decreased with increasing coffee intake. This association remained even after accounting for variables such as age, gender, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and stroke history.”

“Previous studies have shown that the protective effect of regular coffee consumption against cognitive decline in older adults may be due to caffeine and other active ingredients such as magnesium and vitamin B3 (niacin). It has been suggested that this may be due to coffee's role in reducing chemicals that cause inflammation.

of findings Published in American Heart Association Journal.

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massimo barbagallo others. Coffee intake correlates with improved cognitive performance in patients with a high incidence of stroke. American Heart Association Journalpublished online on December 14, 2024. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.124.034365

Source: www.sci.news

Research Shows Individuals with Increased Emotional Intelligence Have a Greater Propensity to Use Emojis

Posted on December 6, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

According to a new study, higher emotional intelligence is linked to increased emoji use with friends, while avoidant attachment is linked to decreased emoji use with friends, dates, and romantic partners.

The frequency of emoji usage varies by gender and type of relationship. Image credit: Pete Linforth.

Emoji are characters that depict emotions, objects, animals, etc.

Sending alone or with text via computer or smartphone can create more complex meanings during virtual communication.

Assessing how emoji use varies as a function of communication and interpersonal skills provides insight into who uses emoji and the psychological mechanisms underlying computer-mediated communication.

Despite the widespread use of emojis in our daily social lives, little is known about who uses them, apart from evidence of differences related to gender and personality traits.

To fill this knowledge gap, Dr. Simon Dube of the Kinsey Institute and his colleagues surveyed a sample of 320 adults to determine their emotional intelligence across emoji usage, attachment style, and gender and relationship type.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to process and manage your own and others’ emotions. Attachment style refers to the pattern of how an individual interacts with others in intimate relationships, influenced by early interactions with primary caregivers.

These styles are divided into three main types: anxious, avoidant, and secure attachment.

Both anxious and avoidant attachment styles indicate that a child does not feel secure with their primary caregiver.

In contrast, children with a secure attachment style tend to be enthusiastic when reunited with their caregivers after a short period of separation.

The results revealed that people with higher emotional intelligence and secure attachment may use emojis more frequently.

For women, higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with lower frequency of sending and receiving emojis with friends, partners, and romantic partners.

For men, higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with sending fewer emojis to such partners.

Additionally, women used more emojis than men, but this difference was specific to interactions with friends and family.

One limitation of this study is that most of the participants were white, educated, married, English-speaking, heterosexual, living in the United States at the time.

However, the authors say the study opens up new research avenues at the intersection of psychology, computer-mediated communication, and the study of attachment and emotional intelligence.

The researchers state, “How we interact during virtual communication may reveal something more about ourselves.”

“It’s more than just a smiley face or a heart emoji. It’s a way to convey meaning and communicate more effectively, and how you use it can tell us something about you.”

a paper Survey results will be published in a magazine PLoS ONE.

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S. Dube others. 2024. Beyond words: The relationship between emoji use, attachment style, and emotional intelligence. PLoS ONE 19 (12): e0308880;doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308880

Source: www.sci.news

Tom Rosenthal engages in conversation with unfamiliar individuals on a park bench | Podcast

Posted on November 7, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Nobody wants to hear about men making comebacks right now, especially when it doesn’t involve Frank Skinner.

Skinner left Absolute Radio’s breakfast show in March after 15 years, stating, “I’m not going to pretend I got it.” Despite Absolute’s initial plans for more podcast series, they never materialized.

Skinner recently launched a twice-weekly podcast with Dean and Novelly, achieving the number two spot on Apple’s comedy podcast chart. He’s also relaunching his poetry podcasts, sans “Absolute,” showcasing podcasting’s embrace of diverse voices.

On a different scale, “Strangers on a Bench” offers lo-fi conversations with random individuals on public benches, covering various intriguing stories.

Alexi Duggins
TV Deputy Editor-in-Chief

This week’s picks

Unfit for Service explores what it means to be gay and in the U.S. military. Photo: dts News Agency Germany/REX/Shutterstock

Check out these podcast picks for a variety of engaging content this week.

sunshine place
Listen to Valerie’s harrowing experience in a drug rehabilitation program in the ’80s, along with other compelling stories.

unfit for service
Discover the struggles of Randy Taylor, a gay man serving in the U.S. military during the ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’ era.

bunny trap
Explore the dark reality behind the glamour of a ‘Playboy photographer’ in this eye-opening series.

cotton club murder case
Dive into the dramatic mystery surrounding a Hollywood murder case in this gripping podcast.

strangers on the bench
Experience raw and honest conversations with strangers in this captivating series.

There’s a podcast for that

Courtney Love is unsurprisingly outspoken about her “60 Songs That Describe the ’90s.” Photo: Mick Hutson/Redferns

Explore the best ’90s podcasts and delve into the nostalgia of the decade through music and football.

60 songs that describe the 90s
Discover iconic ’90s songs and interviews with music legends in this engaging podcast.

Hurry up Kevin.
Delve into ’90s football nostalgia with insightful discussions on the game and its cultural impact.

Popular: 1990s
Explore the fashion and style of the ’90s through discussions with industry insiders and iconic figures.

Head on: Surviving Y2K
Learn about the Y2K hysteria and its impact on society in this riveting podcast series.

Why not try it…

screen rotComedians break down the weirdest aspects of social media in this entertaining show.
Explore the multi-billion-dollar cocaine industry in The Times’ investigative podcast; cocaine company.

shrink boxJoin TV characters in psychotherapy sessions in this unique podcast.

How scared individuals can manipulate women’s brains through biohacking

Posted on October 15, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

There is a common belief that animals can smell fear, but can humans do the same? Can you detect someone’s fear just by their scent or musk?

The straightforward answer is “no, you can’t.” While other species, particularly those heavily reliant on their sense of smell, can do so, humans have seemed to lose this ability over time.

The brain area responsible for detecting pheromones, chemical messengers that convey mood information to others, does not seem to work the same way in humans. This function is akin to an appendix of the nervous system.

However, this does not mean that humans are entirely incapable of sensing fear. Research has shown that when women inhale the sweat of men experiencing fear, they become more sensitive to fear as well.

It is important to note that women appear to be more attuned to emotional scents emitted by men. Additionally, the fear response triggered by smelling fear is more subconscious rather than an immediate conscious recognition of fear.

In essence, humans can smell fear to a limited extent in specific situations. The response is either unnoticed due to subconscious processing or perceived as the scent of sweat.

This article answers the question posed by Edward Cox of Edinburgh: “Can you smell fear?”

If you have any questions, please email us at: questions@sciencefocus.com or contact us via Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (remember to include your name and location).

Explore more fun facts and incredible science pages with us.

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Families of individuals who passed away following pig organ transplants are at peace with their decision.

Posted on August 30, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

David Bennett Jr. knelt at his bedside, phone in hand, anxiously waiting for the call he’d never received before: The hospital was supposed to update him on whether his father, who had received a new heart transplanted from a pig, was still alive.

It was the first time a living human had received a pig organ transplant.

“I don’t know what the news is, but my dad opened his eyes, he was awake and he was OK. It was unbelievable,” Bennett Jr. said.

Bennett’s father, David Bennett Sr., had severe congestive heart failure and was not a candidate for a transplant. He knew he would likely die soon. There was nothing else he could do but take a chance on a novel, cutting-edge procedure. Bennett Sr. and his son agreed it was worth the risk.

The achievement made headlines around the world following the transplant in January 2022. Initially, the results looked promising, with some family members beginning to entertain the idea that Bennett Sr. might eventually be released from the hospital.

“There were definitely future-oriented conversations about the home environment, who was going to care for him and what that was going to look like,” Bennett Jr. said. “Everyone was very optimistic and hopeful.”

David Bennett Jr. and his family.
Jesse Barber, NBC News

But two months later, Bennett Sr.’s body rejected the heart and he died at age 57. paperDoctors at the University of Maryland Medical Center said his body likely produced too many antibodies to fight the new organ. The drugs he was given may have also increased the chance of rejection, and a virus in the pig’s heart further complicates things.

Three other patients have followed in Bennett Sr.’s footsteps and received pig organs, most recently a pig kidney transplant in April. Together, they are pioneers in the burgeoning field of xenotransplantation. For them, the journey has been a roller coaster of emotions, from anxiety to blind hope and ultimately praise for their loved one’s decision, three family members told NBC News.

“Obviously, I wish my dad was still here, but I know his sacrifice was not in vain,” Bennett Jr. said.

None of the patients survived more than three months. To the public, it may have seemed a failure. But to their families, the transplants had accomplished a goal: to buy their loved ones more time and to advance research that may one day save their lives.

“Larry thought: He’s going to die. It’s inevitable, it’s coming,” says Anne Fawcett, whose husband of nearly 38 years, Laurence Fawcett, is the second person to receive a pig heart transplant. “So to gather as much data as we can, to do as much research as we can, why not use Larry’s body as a test subject, to give people in the future who need a transplant another option?”

The potential of xenotransplantation lies in the shortage of available human organs. 17 people die every day in the United States while waiting for an organ transplantBecause pig organs are more readily available, doctors expect such surgeries to become as common as hip replacements in the future, according to the Health Resources and Services Administration.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

NHS: New online therapy may potentially double the number of individuals overcoming anxiety

Posted on July 31, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Research suggests that a new online therapy approved by the NHS could significantly increase the number of children and adults recovering from anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. In England, it is estimated that 1 in 5 children and young people between the ages of 8 and 25 may have a mental disorder, while 1 in 4 adults experience a diagnosable mental health problem each year according to NHS England.

Due to long waiting lists for psychiatric care, a surge in demand, and challenges with face-to-face appointments, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended the use of online therapies across the NHS in their Early Value Assessment. Developed by Oxford University, four internet treatments will be implemented in various NHS trusts, mental health facilities, schools, and universities starting in September.

The University of Oxford has licensed Koa Health to deliver these online therapies, which are tailored for adults, adolescents, children with social anxiety disorder, and adults with PTSD. The treatments involve a series of online modules delivered through phone or video calls with therapists, available 24/7 to replicate in-person treatment.

Studies have shown positive results with these online therapies, with patients recovering as effectively as those receiving face-to-face treatment. Clinical trials have demonstrated significant benefits in treating social anxiety disorder and PTSD, showing promising recovery rates and improvements in quality of life.

The expansion of online therapy has been welcomed by mental health organizations, emphasizing the importance of patient choice in selecting the most suitable treatment. The NHS acknowledges the need to improve access to mental health care and recognizes the potential of digital tools to provide essential support to those in need.

Ozempic and Wegovy could potentially aid individuals in smoking cessation

Posted on July 30, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Ozempic has the potential to treat many diseases, not just type 2 diabetes and obesity.

MySkin/Shutterstock

Another study showed that semaglutide (a drug found in Ozempic and Wegovi – It may help treat addiction: Researchers found that people prescribed the drug to treat type 2 diabetes were less likely to seek medical attention for smoking than those taking other diabetes medications.

Semaglutide helps treat obesity and type 2 diabetes by mimicking hormones that suppress appetite and regulate blood sugar levels. Previous studies have also shown that semaglutide reduces the incidence of diabetes. Cannabis Use Disorder and Alcoholism.

To find out the effect of semaglutide on tobacco addiction, Ron Shu Researchers at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio collected data from the electronic medical records of about 223,000 people in the US with type 2 diabetes and smoking habits, about 6,000 of whom had been prescribed semaglutide, and the rest were using one of seven other diabetes medications.

The researchers then tracked whether participants met with a health care provider about smoking or received smoking cessation counseling within a year of starting to take the smoking cessation medication.

After taking into account variables such as age, sex, race and certain health conditions, the team found that people using semaglutide were, on average, less likely to receive tobacco-related medical care than people taking other medications, which the researchers took to be an indication that these people may be more successful in quitting smoking.

For example, semaglutide users were 32% less likely to receive the treatment. Insulin 18% lower than users Metformin user.

People taking semaglutide may be less likely to seek medical care for their smoking, even though they didn’t necessarily stop using such products. But Xu said that because they all sought tobacco-related medical care at similar rates before they started taking type 2 diabetes medication, semaglutide may actually have helped them.

The study was not a randomized controlled trial, which is the highest level of medical evidence, so the results do not conclusively show that semaglutide is behind the effect, he said. Patricia Grigson Kennedy At Pennsylvania State University, however, other studies have shown that semaglutide reduces activity in areas of the brain involved in reward processing and craving, so there may be a causal relationship.

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Research reveals that these specific foods can help individuals in their 70s live longer and healthier lives.

Posted on July 3, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Looking to age gracefully? There’s a plethora of advice out there, but the key seems to lie in maintaining a healthy diet.

A recent study published in Nutrition 2024 revealed that only a small fraction of individuals manage to remain disease-free and in good physical, cognitive, and mental health past the age of 70.

However, there’s hope. The same study indicated that adopting a healthy and balanced diet during midlife can significantly increase your chances of healthy aging.

The study, which spanned over 30 years and analyzed data from over 100,000 individuals, showed that people who maintained a healthy diet from their 40s onwards were much more likely to be in good physical shape at age 70.

According to John Myers, a postdoctoral researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health, “People who followed a healthy diet in midlife, especially one rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, were significantly more likely to experience healthy old age.” This underscores the impact of diet on our health as we age.

To enhance your chances of living a longer and healthier life, experts recommend increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, unsaturated fats, nuts, legumes, and low-fat dairy products. Conversely, it’s wise to limit intake of trans fats, sodium, red meat, and processed meats.

While a healthy diet is typically associated with disease prevention, this study highlights its role in promoting healthy aging. It’s not just about avoiding illness; it’s about maintaining overall vitality as we age.

Researcher Angelie Tessier noted, “Our study suggests dietary recommendations for healthy aging should not only focus on preventing diseases but also on fostering a fulfilling life in later years.”

Participants in the study were mainly above 39 years old without chronic diseases at the onset, and they reported their dietary habits every four years. By 2016, nearly half of the participants had passed away while only a small percentage had reached age 70 or older in good health.

When comparing adherence to healthy eating patterns, the study found that individuals in the top group were significantly more likely to achieve healthy aging than those in the bottom group. The strongest correlation was with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, which rates your diet based on food consumption frequency.

Even after accounting for factors like physical activity, the link between diet and healthy aging remained robust. Healthy eating habits were associated with better physical health, cognitive function, and mental well-being.

About the Experts

Angelie Tessier, a postdoctoral researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health, has research published in esteemed journals like Nature Communications and PLoS One.

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The Revelation of Why Some Individuals Have Greater Resistance to the Novel Coronavirus

Posted on June 19, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Volunteers were exposed to coronavirus as part of a scientific study

Koto Feja/Getty

By intentionally exposing people to the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, scientists have been able to understand why some people appear to be immune to infection.

As part of the first human COVID-19 challenge study conducted in 2021, an international group of researchers looked at 36 healthy people who had not tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had not been vaccinated.

The ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain was sprayed into their noses. Nasal and blood samples were taken from 16 of the participants before exposure and then six to seven times over the next 28 days. All were also tested for SARS-CoV-2 twice daily.

Participants were split into three groups, team members said. Sarah Teichmann The study was conducted at the Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. In one group, six participants tested positive in both daily tests for more than two days and also had symptoms. In another group, three participants tested positive in one of two daily tests but not in the other and did not have symptoms, but for less than two days. In the final group, seven participants consistently tested negative for coronavirus.

In total, the researchers sequenced more than 600,000 blood and nasal cells across all subjects.

In the second and third groups, the researchers found that participants were producing more interferon (a substance that helps the immune system fight infection) in their blood in front of the nasopharynx (the top of the nose at the back of the throat where the nasal samples were taken). The interferon response was actually higher in the noses of participants in the second group than in the third group, Teichmann says.

These groups also did not have active infections within the immune cells T cells and macrophages, team members say. Marko Nikolic At University College London.

The results showed that high levels of gene activity HLA-DQA2 Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 helped prevent persistent infection.

Nikolic hopes that this discovery will improve understanding of the cellular responses involved in preventing COVID-19 and aid in the development of vaccines and treatments.

“With its carefully controlled design and real understanding of 'time zero' when infection occurs, this study will serve as a unique resource of previously uninfected SARS-CoV-2 participants to measure subsequent immune responses,” the study said. Jose Ordovas Montanez Harvard Stem Cell Institute

But most people have been exposed to “a true mosaic of SARS-CoV-2 variants,” not just the ancestral variant used in the study, so the results may not reflect cellular responses outside the testing environment, he says.

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What causes variations in anxiety levels among individuals?

Posted on April 2, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

We all know that person who, when faced with a tremendous problem, shrugs their shoulders, comes up with a solution, and moves forward without furrowing their brow.

For those who have had a relationship with anxiety, even temporarily, it may seem surprising how others manage to live their lives so calmly. Why are some people protected while others are more likely to experience it? As with most aspects of our behavior, genetics as well as environmental pressures and lifestyle choices Science also has an influence. Thankfully, with a deeper understanding of how they interact, we can find new ways to minimize the problem.

Let’s start with your genes. Research shows that approximately 30 percent of the variation in generalized anxiety disorder in the general population is due to Caused by genetics. This is not due to any particular gene, but rather to a large number of interacting genetic factors.

For some people, it may be a gene related to the hormone serotonin, which carries messages to the brain. A study of marmosets found that the level of anxiety the animals perceived Gene responsible for protein that removes serotonin An area of the brain called the amygdala processes memories associated with fear. When serotonin was blocked from entering cells in the amygdala, the animals’ anxiety appeared to decrease.

This suggests that some people may have a genetic predisposition to absorb too much serotonin into cells in this area. As a result, less serotonin passes between neurons, disrupting the messages that help us…

Ongoing investigations to determine the reasons behind the rise of colorectal cancer in young individuals.

Posted on March 6, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Number of people under 50 diagnosed with colorectal cancer has been increasing for 30 years

Mohammed Elamin Aliwi/Alamy

One of the most alarming trends regarding cancer is the increasing incidence of several types of tumors in people under the age of 50, especially colorectal cancer.

A £20m, five-year research project aimed at discovering the causes of the rising number of bowel cancers has been given the green light. The study will use blood, urine and stool samples from millions of people held in about 17 biobanks in Europe, North America and India.

The goal is to determine whether this increase is related to changes in food, drink, medicines, air pollutants, and other environmental chemicals by measuring everything people are exposed to (known as the “exposome”). It’s about understanding what’s going on.

“Exposomes are all the elements of the outside world that influence our health,” he says. Andrew Chan co-leader of the project at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston;

The number of people under the age of 50 diagnosed with colorectal cancer has been increasing for 30 years. In the UK, for example, these tumors have increased by about 50 per cent in people aged 25 to 49 over this period, and similar trends are seen in the US, Canada, Australia and some European countries.

Nine out of 10 tumors occur in older people, so the increase in deaths among people under age 50 has not yet had a significant impact on the total number of cancer deaths. But this trend is worrying to doctors, especially since tumors in younger people tend to be more aggressive and diagnosed at a later stage.

Speculation abounds as to the cause, but various aspects of modern diets, including increased consumption of processed foods and red meat, and a lack of fiber, as well as antibiotic use and exposure to pollutants, are likely to be contributing factors. It is believed that this is the main cause.

In a new research projectChan and his team have attempted to identify and measure all the chemicals in medical samples obtained in previous studies, and plan to investigate further.

They will use mass spectrometry to identify the chemical signatures that disrupted the levels of novel compounds and natural biochemicals that entered the body.

One of the biobanks being used is Nurses’ Health Study 3, a large-scale project in the United States that charts the health and lifestyles of hundreds of thousands of nurses. Some participants have provided not only blood samples but also stool samples, which will allow the team to analyze gut bacteria as well.

Another important cohort is the Danish Newborn Screening Biobank. The biobank contains dried blood spots from almost every baby born in Denmark since 1982, representing approximately 2 million samples. This will allow researchers to see whether what we are exposed to in the womb is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.

If, as expected, a correlation is found between certain biochemicals in the blood and the risk of colon cancer, the researchers will investigate whether blood tests can identify people who are more vulnerable. says Mr. Chan. “That could be a group of people who would be targeted for more intensive colon cancer testing,” he says.

Another part of the project will test whether reversing blood characteristics associated with colorectal cancer reduces people’s risk of developing the tumor. Jordana Bell Professor at King’s College London and one of Chan’s collaborators. “We seek to apply the insights we generate early by identifying putative causal factors, understanding potential mechanisms, and designing intervention trials,” she says.

Ian Fawkes from Cancer Research UK (CRUK) said: “In the United States, recent data show that people born in the 1990s have a 2.4 times higher risk of colon cancer than people born in the 1950s. Most cancer cases occur in people over age 50. “This development is an important issue for us to address. The key is to understand why the rise in early-onset cancers is occurring in the first place.”

CRUK is funding the research along with Maryland’s National Cancer Institute, France’s National Cancer Institute and the UK’s Gut Babe Foundation.

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