Discovering the Five Sleep-Wake Profiles: Why Staying Up Late and Waking Early Isn’t Enough for Optimal Health

A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at McGill University indicates that human sleep patterns, or chronotypes, exist on a broader biological spectrum. Each subtype is linked to distinct health and behavioral traits, challenging the conventional ‘early riser vs. night owl’ classification.

Zhou et al. The study identifies five distinct biological subtypes, each related to various behavioral patterns and health conditions. Image credit: Wok & Apix.

Chronotype refers to the specific time during the 24-hour cycle when an individual naturally feels the most alert or is prepared for sleep.

Previous research has often associated late-onset chronotypes with health issues, yet the findings have frequently been inconsistent.

“Instead of asking if night owls face greater risks, it may be more insightful to explore which specific night owls are at risk and why,” explains Dr. Yue Zhou, a researcher at McGill University.

Utilizing AI technology, Zhou and colleagues analyzed brain scans, questionnaires, and medical records from over 27,000 adults in the UK Biobank.

Their findings uncovered three night owl subtypes and two early riser groups.

One early riser subtype exhibited the fewest health issues, while the other was more closely linked to depression.

Night owls performed better on cognitive assessments but faced difficulties in emotional regulation.

One night owl group was prone to risk-taking behaviors and cardiovascular challenges, while another group showed higher tendencies for depression, smoking, and heart disease.

“These subtypes are not merely characterized by their sleep times,” stated Dr. Danilo Buzdok from McGill University.

“They represent a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.”

Instead of categorizing sleep types as good or bad, the researchers emphasize how risks and strengths are distributed differently among the five profiles.

A nuanced comprehension of sleep profiles can clarify why identical sleep schedules impact individuals differently, promoting research and sleep support that transcends a one-size-fits-all methodology.

“In today’s digital age and post-pandemic world, sleep patterns are more diverse than ever,” remarks Zhou.

“Recognizing this biological diversity may ultimately lead to more personalized strategies for sleep, work schedules, and mental health support.”

For further details, refer to the published findings in the Journal on December 22, 2025, Nature Communications.

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L. Joe et al. (2025). Potential brain subtypes of chronotypes reveal unique behavioral and health profiles across population cohorts. Nat Commune 16, 11550; doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66784-8

Source: www.sci.news

Kido Nursery Hackers Threaten to Release Additional Children’s Profiles | Cybercrime Update

A hacker threatens to release personal information and photographs of thousands of nursery children online unless a ransom is paid.

Identified by the alias Shine, the hacker compromised the UK-based Kido Nursery chain and revealed the profiles of 10 children online on Thursday. Their Dark Web site features a “Data Leak Roadmap,” indicating plans to “publish 30 profiles of personal data for each child and 100 employees.”

A cybersecurity briefing reviewed by the Guardian suggests that Radiant is a new entity within the cybercrime landscape, “pushing the limits of morality and practicality.”

The group’s online content demonstrates proficient English skills; however, there are hints they may not be Western, attributed to a “slight awkwardness” in their phrasing, the analysis indicates.

The Radiant Gang’s “leak sites”—a common strategy in ransomware attacks displaying victim data on the dark web—contain 10 Kido customer profiles for parents, which include the child’s name, date of birth, parent’s and grandparent’s names, as well as address and phone number.

The site claims to possess sensitive information on over 8,000 children and their families, documenting incidents, protection reports, and claims. All Kido nurseries in the UK have reported being impacted.

The leak site mentioned its efforts to negotiate with Kido, stating, “It’s slowly leaking, which undermines the entire company and prompts them to continue the dialogue.”

A spokesperson from Kido stated: “We have recently identified and responded to cyber incidents. We are collaborating with external experts to investigate and determine the details of what occurred. We will promptly inform both our families and relevant authorities and maintain close communication with them.”

The nursery chain is collaborating with authorities, including the intelligence committee’s office, Ofsted, and the Metropolitan Police, which is currently conducting an investigation.

An email from Kido UK CEO Catherine Stoneman, reviewed by the Guardian, noted a “complex” forensic investigation and emphasized treating the incident as a “first priority.” She suggested that the breach involved “two third-party systems responsible for processing certain data.”

Stoneman elaborated: “If we confirm that family information has been compromised, affected families have been contacted. If you have not received direct communication, that means there is no forensic evidence indicating your data has been impacted.”

With 18 locations across London, the US, India, and China, Kido informed parents that the breach occurred due to criminal access to data hosted on a software service known as Famly.

Famly’s CEO, Anders Laustsen, stated: “We will conduct a comprehensive investigation into this matter to ensure that Famly’s security and infrastructure have not been compromised.

One parent shared with the BBC that she received a threatening phone call from a hacker.

Sean, whose child attends Kido Nursery in Tooting, southwest London, expressed that neither he nor any parents he knew had been directly informed by the nursery about the potential compromise of their children’s data. “How could they obtain details for specific kids, not just generally? That’s the real issue,” he remarked.

Sean noted that he viewed the risk of real-time information regarding children—such as through cyberattacks—as a necessary trade-off for using the app. He empathized with nursery staff who bear the brunt of parental complaints, pointing out that the app provider should be held accountable.

“One of the obviously alarming aspects is that anyone could stoop to such depths to extort money from a nursery while using children as leverage,” he said.

Authorities are cautioning businesses against paying hacker ransoms to help prevent the perpetuation of criminal activities, as cyberattacks continue to escalate in frequency.

Recent high-profile victims include Co-ops, Marks & Spencer, and Jaguar Land Rover. Many of these attacks have been linked to an English-speaking cybercrime group known as “scattered spiders.”

The M&S hack utilized ransomware commonly associated with Russian-speaking cyber gangs, including software designed to lock target IT systems.

The BBC communicated with criminals via the Signal messaging app, found them fluent in English but learned that it wasn’t their primary language, and they employed others for calls.

The hacker remarked, “We do it for profit, not just for the sake of being criminals. I know I’m committing crimes and this isn’t my first or my last.”

They added that the public scrutiny was too intense, leading them to refrain from targeting nurseries again.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Elite players’ psychological profiles revealed using AI by analysts in the soccer world

“This players didn’t show enough fights. “When you hear Pandit’s post-match reaction, you can hear a variation in the sound bite.

In an age where soccer is increasingly leaning towards data to demonstrate physical attributes, it is difficult to provide statistics that accurately show players’ psychological qualities, such as emotional control and leadership. However, Premier League clubs, including Brighton, use techniques aimed at helping them choose and recruit.

Thomas Tuchel made headlines by telling England players to communicate more after assessing their interactions in the Euro 2024 final, but counting the players and talking to each other on the pitch, showing that only a portion of the mental battles are featured.

Former Norway and Denmark top flight defender Yo Amankwa is at the heart of the push for a better psychological evaluation of players. “When you take your eyes off the ball, it’s a treasure trove of information,” says Amankwa, who also works as a critic. “You can’t just ignore the tactics and look at the psychological parts of the game and the player through this lens, and you can’t see it. It’s a subtle, nonverbal message to show whether the player is very confident, aggressive, or a bubble of his own.”




“It’s impossible to just ignore tactics and look at the psychological parts of the game,” says Yo Amanka. Photo: Shipa/Aramie

Amankwah uses the example of a player who blew a 20-yard shot into the stands, and after 45 seconds he receives a comforting putt behind him from his passing teammate. It’s a fleeting moment that may be overlooked or overlooked by fans, the media, and even the coaching team, but for a former expert, it shows a quiet sense of leadership. “I know the clues and small actions you need to learn to function effectively on the football pitch,” says Amankwa.

Over the past six years he has worked with psychology professor Geir Jordet to analyze thousands of hours of match footage from around the world, including videos of all players from the Premier League and Women’s Super League. As a result, we have a dataset containing over 100,000 unique observations. This allowed the duo to create proxy rankings for players across different types of behavior via Duo (Inside Out Analytics).

This information can show whether the defender’s emotional control is in the top 5% of the league compared to opponents and teammates in the same position. As Jordette puts it, “It’s a new world. This map gives clubs a benchmark. You can see certain behaviors and count the number of times that occur in certain situations, but most can blind you to what it means.

“It’s hard to understand the exact meaning of them, but we’re no longer blind because, for this type of behavior, in this situation, if you compare all the players of this player in this Premier League, this player is in the 90th or 10th percentile.”

Bayern Munich is one of several major clubs trying out the platform, adopting technology in his time as head coach of Julian Nagelsmann. “All departments [in a club] You put numbers on the table, but psychology isn’t,” says Max Perka, a former Bavarian psychologist. [what is happening] On the pitch. ”




Max Perka (left) and Julian Nagelsmann worked together at RB Leipzig before moving to Bayern Munich. Photo: DPA/Aramie

Following Nagelsmann from RB Leipzig to Bayern, Perka worked with Jordet and Amankwa to analyze roughly 25 Bayern games in the second half of the 2022-23 season.

After each match, Pelka blocks detailed observations of each player’s posture, head movements, and hand gestures, leaving some elements of the body language monitored by Amankwah’s analytics team to a one-page summary of the side’s psychological performance. The data was one of several information sets that Nagelsmann and his assistants should consider before choosing a side.

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“It was another variable that added to my idea of ​​choice,” Pelka says. “They could think if they really wanted a leader on their back four or if they wanted something else. [personality] option. ”


Players can also access an analysis of what Yoldett calls “the character of the game.” Perca said: [to play]. It doesn’t happen overnight, but if you have a starting point on how things look on the pitch, it’s much easier to work on. ”

Perca uses some of the techniques he employed in Munich to analyze Brighton’s players’ on-field behavior. He does not frequently monitor Fabian Hürzeler’s team, but the key board of the process is the same, with Brighton’s head coach reviewing a summary of key psychological “actions” on his part.

Jordet and Amnankwah are increasingly using artificial intelligence over manual coding, which consumed most of the pair’s time. “Soon there’s little limit to the number of teams you can analyze at any time, and we’ll actually start notifying the club about new signings in the future. “Yes, this seems like a good signature” or: “From our perspective, given these metrics, there’s a big red flag here and that’s what you might want to see.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

AI-powered Meta aims to eliminate distinct Instagram and Facebook profiles

Meta has recently removed the Facebook and Instagram profiles of AI characters that were created over a year ago. This decision came after users rediscovered these profiles, joined conversations, and shared screenshots that went viral.

The company initially introduced these AI-powered profiles in September 2023 but retired most of them by the summer of 2024. However, following comments by Meta executive Connor Hayes, a few characters were kept and gained renewed interest. According to the Financial Times, Meta plans to roll out more AI character profiles soon.

Hayes stated, “We expect these AIs to eventually become permanent fixtures on our platform, similar to user accounts.” The AI profiles would post generated photos on Instagram and respond to messages from users on Messenger.

Conversations with Meta AI user-generated therapist chatbots. Photo: Instagram

The AI profiles included characters like Liv and Carter, who described themselves as a proud black queer mom and a dating expert, respectively. Despite being managed by Meta, these profiles interacted with users. In 2023, Meta released a total of 28 AI personas, all of which were deactivated last Friday.

Conversations with these characters took unexpected turns as users questioned the AI’s creators. In response to inquiries about the lack of diversity among the creator team, for example, Liv pointed out the absence of Black individuals. Shortly after these profiles gained attention, they started disappearing.

Instagram AI Studio for building chatbots. Photo: Instagram

Meta’s spokeswoman, Liz Sweeney, clarified that the accounts were part of an AI experiment conducted in 2023 and were managed by humans. After addressing a bug preventing users from blocking the accounts, Meta removed the profiles.

Regarding the recent confusion, Sweeney stated that the Financial Times article focused on Meta’s long-term vision for AI characters on its platform, not the introduction of a new product. The AI accounts were part of an experiment conducted in 2023 using Connect. Meta assured users that they are working to resolve the blocking issue.

Although the meta-generation accounts have been taken down, users can still create their own AI chatbots. These user-generated chatbots cover various roles and themes, such as therapists, loyal confidants, tutors, and relationship coaches.

The liability of chatbot creators for the content generated by their AI companions remains unaddressed. While US law protects social network creators from user-generated content liability, a lawsuit against Character.ai suggests potential legal issues with AI chatbots.

Source: www.theguardian.com