Orcas and Dolphins Form ‘Friendship’ to Hunt Salmon Cooperatively

Dolphin approaches killer whale, captured by the killer whale’s camera

University of British Columbia (A.Trites), Dalhousie University (S. Fortune), Hakai Institute (K. Holmes), Leibniz Zoo and Wildlife Institute (X. Cheng)

Killer whales and dolphins collaborate to catch salmon in the North Pacific Ocean, revealing new insights into the intricate social dynamics of marine mammals.

Using video cameras and sensors attached to nine killer whales, researchers observed four of them diving alongside a large group of white-tailed dolphins towards Chinook salmon hiding in deep waters off northern Vancouver Island. An additional three whales were tracked via drone. The killer whales consumed the salmon, leaving behind scraps that the dolphins scavenged.

“They collaborated to locate food,” states Sarah Fortune from Dalhousie University, Canada. “One might anthropomorphize this scenario and suggest that they’re hunting friends.”

Chinook salmon, or king salmon, can exceed a meter in length, making them often too large for dolphins to consume.

However, the whales off northern Vancouver Island are known for their hearty appetites, frequently tearing fish apart to share with their pod, which leaves behind blood, scales, and remnants for dolphins to eat. Researchers propose that dolphins assist whales in locating salmon.

In the video, six out of twelve whales directed their attention toward the dolphins, totaling 102 interactions. The four whales dove with the dolphins to depths of 60 meters, where it becomes dark and salmon can conceal themselves among rocks and crevices.

Though both species emitted clicking and buzzing sounds, data from the sensors indicated that the whales often reduced their echolocation activity, likely to “eavesdrop” on the dolphins. Since echolocation operates like a focused spotlight, having numerous dolphins scanning the waters could enhance the whales’ chances of finding fish, according to Fortune.

“It’s akin to turning on the high beams of a vehicle; the sound serves as the light,” she elaborates.

Prior to this, scientists have noted cooperation among various species, such as fish guiding octopuses to crustaceans and nectar birds leading humans to bee colonies. However, documented interactions between killer whales and other species have often involved predatory behaviors.

Recently, killer whales were reported to have rammed and sunk six sailing vessels around the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting they may be engaging with boats rather than attacking. They are playing with them.

Brittany Visona Kelly from the global conservation group Ocean Wise asserts that the dolphins in this study are not aiding the whales but scavenging leftovers. In a study she and her colleagues, including Lance Barrett-Leonard, revealed drone footage showing whales seemingly ignoring the dolphins, playing with them, and occasionally charging at them. Their findings suggest that dolphins primarily seek refuge from a specific group of mammal-eating killer whales, known as big killer whales, which tend to avoid resident orcas.

“We found no clear evidence that these interactions benefit killer whales,” Visona-Kelly concluded.

The study reported last month indicated that between 30 to 40 white-tailed dolphins encircled an emaciated killer whale known to researchers as “I76,” who remained submerged and did not reemerge. This suggests that the dolphins may have “exhausted I76, making it impossible for him to surface.”

Luke Rendell from the University of St. Andrews in the UK emphasized that the new research provides compelling evidence of cooperation, whether the whales are interpreting dolphin echolocation or drawn to the commotion as a potential indicator of fish.

“These animals are intelligent and possess adaptable behaviors,” he notes. “We witness a range of interactions between killer whales and dolphins, from the former preying on each other to playful interactions and collaborative efforts.”

Topics:

  • whale and dolphin/
  • animal behavior

Source: www.newscientist.com

Whales and Dolphins Forge an Unexpectedly Adorable Friendship

You might envision dolphins as the cool, young cousin of the humpback whale, but it appears these two species are forming some budding friendships after all.

In fact, new footage captured by a suction camera reveals the lengths a dolphin will go to befriend its marine companions. The whales are accompanied by bottlenose dolphins as they swim from the sunlit surface down to the seabed, engaging in playful activities side by side.

Social interactions between whales and dolphins are seldom explored. Recent research from Griffith University in Australia has shown that these species often engage in friendly play.

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2025/08/dolphin-swimming.mp4

The study, led by Dr. Olaf Meinecke, the leader of Griffith University’s Whale & Climate Program, analyzed 199 individual interactions captured on camera and film by the public, tourism operators, and scientists across 17 locations worldwide. The footage featured 19 species, including humpback and fin whales, as well as bottlenose and white-sided dolphins in the Pacific Ocean.

Meynecke found that a quarter of these interactions could be deemed mutually engaging. Most of the others at least exhibited friendly acknowledgment, rather than avoidance.

“Most of the observed interactions demonstrated no avoidance behavior,” Meynecke explained.

Humpback whales particularly stand out for their friendliness towards dolphins, with a third of their interactions being classified as positive.

“The humpback whales were rolling from side to side, displaying belly presentations, and engaging in other behaviors indicative of courtship and friendly socialization,” said Meynecke. They were the least likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors toward dolphins, such as tail slaps or other percussive actions.

Baleen whales and dolphins interacting exhibit various behavioral categories. Bottlenose dolphins near the bow of a humpback whale off the Gold Coast, Australia (A: Credit Roving Media); bottlenose dolphin surfacing near a humpback whale in Barmagui, Australia (B: Credit WildLive.Media); common dolphin engaging in friction in the Celtic Sea (C: Credit Dan Abbott), and a group of bottlenose dolphins swimming alongside southern right whales in Esperance, Australia (D: Credit Jaymen Hudson).

The most frequent interaction observed involved dolphins cruising close to the whale’s snout or beak.

This behavior serves as a free ride, demonstrating a strategy to save energy while perhaps indulging a dolphin’s playful spirit.

“Behavioral studies of marine mammals like these offer valuable insights into their intricate social structures and are crucial for enhancing our understanding of marine ecosystems and the interactions between species,” Meynecke noted.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Mandrake: A Country Life that Fosters Friendship with the River and Whispers from the Beyond

w
ith Dulcet Welsh Tones, an actor reminiscent of Michael Sheen, invites players into the enchanting world of Mandrake. He affectionately describes Chandri’s village as “small” yet “complicated,” noting that “everyone has their own story.” The narrative alternates between a snug wooden cottage and a mossy forest inhabited by mythical creatures. The protagonist, a wizard-gardener, “smelt into the art of greenery and growth,” often returning home to transform into a sumptuous vegetable, some of which can be found in local supermarkets, while others are distinctly magical.

As a portrayal of rural life, Mandrake stands out as more enriching and appealing than most. It exudes a charm akin to classics like Harvest Moon and Stardew Valley, inviting players to immerse themselves in the cyclical rhythms of crop cultivation, scenic exploration, and engaging dialogues with quirky, upbeat townsfolk. However, there’s more beneath the surface. If you find the farming aspect dull, you can wander the fantastical paths of this brinonic-inspired realm, perhaps engaging with the deceased or harmonizing with the river.




Comfortable cultivation… Mandrake. Photo: Failbetter Game

Expect the peculiar in Failbetter’s latest release, the esteemed UK studio known for its acclaimed titles. Set within a shared fictional universe, their RPGs and atmospheric survival experiences have showcased masterful prose and mesmerizing world-building. The city of London has “fallen,” now submerged in an eerie underworld called Naisse, located along the shores of dark, vast seas.

These titles are steeped in a blend of terrifying humor and fascinating narratives. The Mandrake Foreground location presents a more accessible way to engage with the environment. As game director Adam Myers puts it, the charm of a Rural Life Sim is its capacity to “zoom in on one community over time.” Through days, nights, and seasons, players observe evolving spaces and their inhabitants. Myers reveals that he developed a profound understanding of the environment from a distinctly unfamiliar perspective.

However, Mandrake seeks to veer away from the lush trends dominating the genre. They cultivate expansive fields of wheat and prepare multiple meals daily. “Growing crops in large, rectangular, monocultures is not ideal,” Myers asserts. “And you won’t always find banquet-worthy ratatouille in your inventory with just 30 clicks.”




Complicating rural Sims in the countryside… Mandrake. Photo: Failbetter Game

Gift Giving, a conventional method for players to integrate with NPC neighbors in this genre, arrives with a twist. Players can’t simply hand out gifts (“That’s a bit annoying,” Myers jokes). Instead, they must articulate their reasoning for offering gifts, forming connections based on obligations.

The goal is not just to replicate patterns found in other rural life simulations but to “complicate” them with both thoughtful systems and unconventional influences. Myers passionately discusses esoteric elements such as anthropology, British folklore, and Renaissance alchemy. The world brims with quirky and mysterious legends, and among its peculiarities lies a “Quesimonastic organization” amid the Welsh backdrop, notably devoid of sheep.

The comforting ritual of country life may serve as a Trojan horse for a distinct and eccentric approach to failure. “One of the pitfalls we’ve encountered before is being too strange, too swift, too brash,” admits Myers. “We need to provide players with a firmer foundation to navigate the complexities more comfortably.”

These ancient forests undoubtedly harbor ominous creatures. Villagers may conceal numerous mental secrets. It’s reasonable to assume that Myers and his team will explore the depths of these eerie landscapes. However, perhaps there’s a crucial distinction in the tone they wish to maintain—one that is welcoming and “emotionally kind.” Unlike some other Failbetter titles, death doesn’t loom closely here. As Myers shares, “You probably won’t be able to consume yourself with this.”

Mandrake is currently in development for PC, with console support planned. Release date is TBC.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Science of Friendship: Unlocking Ways to Enhance Your Life

Building strong friendships may seem like a natural process—finding joy in each other’s presence, sharing laughter, and bonding over common interests. However, the unspoken dynamics of different types of friendships can often be complex. Recent research has shed light on the significance of these relationships in our overall happiness. Yet, there are strategies for nurturing meaningful connections.

This article is a part of our special series that explores how experts view some of the most intriguing concepts in science. Click here for additional information.

Jeffrey Hall, Director of the Relationships and Technology Labs at the University of Kansas, is among the researchers examining ways to cultivate friendships. He suggests viewing friendships as a spectrum—from mere acquaintances to our closest confidants who remain by our side.

“The fundamental requirement is mutual liking and a communication frequency that allows the relationship to develop,” he states. “Trust and a sense of safety in sharing secrets are expected, along with prioritizing each other above others.”

Time invested in a friendship is crucial, as highlighted by Hall’s research. In a series of studies, he had participants recently relocated to a new city map out their social lives. He found that individuals must spend about 57-164 hours with someone before they are deemed “friends,” while developing “good” or “best” friendships typically requires around 200 hours together.

The quality of time spent together is also vital. “Engaging in daily activities—eating, drinking, playing, exploring—helps cement these bonds because we want to share those moments with them,” says Hall, co-author of the upcoming book Social Biome, which delves into these themes. Conversely, being compelled to interact through work or study does little to foster genuine friendships.

It’s common to find ourselves gravitating toward individuals who share common traits. Over the last decade, anthropologist Robin Dunbar from Oxford University identified seven key attributes in “pillars of friendship.” These pillars represent deep connections stemming from shared language, culture, education, career experiences, interests, worldviews, humor, and musical tastes.

He notes that we may share only one or two of these pillars with around 150 people we identify as friends, while only five close companions and about six to seven truly good friends exist in our lives, as mentioned in his book Friends: Understanding the Influence of Our Most Important Relationships.

Interestingly, friends may even share similar brain activity patterns. In a 2018 study, Carolyn Parkinson at UCLA had students watch a series of videos in an fMRI scanner. The results showed that she could predict friendships based on similarities in their brain responses to the clips, indicating that closer friends often have synchronized neural activity.

As discussed in my book, Connection Law, Parkinson’s research explores the concept of shared reality. This idea suggests that having a mutual perspective on the world enhances relationships. “These individuals focus on similar aspects of life and share similar emotional responses to their experiences,” she notes.

Can these connections exist digitally? Hall believes they can. “Communicating via phone or video with loved ones is likely just as beneficial as in-person interactions,” he asserts. “Creating regular opportunities for digital communication can help maintain and enrich these relationships.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Research Reveals: Africa’s Stunning Starry Skies Foster Bonds of Friendship

Superb Starling (Lamprotornis superbus) Recent studies reveal their behavior of “reciprocity,” where they assist each other with the expectation of future favors.

The Superb Starling is a passerine bird belonging to the Sturnidae family.

This species is widespread, inhabiting various regions in East Africa, including Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and beyond.

These birds form large mixed groups consisting of 7 to 60 individuals, with an average size ranging from 13 to 41 members.

“The social structure of Starlings is complex, comprising not only family units but also a mix of both related and unrelated individuals, much like humans.”

“It’s well-known that animals tend to assist their relatives to enhance genetic fitness and propagate their genes.”

“While Starlings prioritize helping relatives, they also lend support to unrelated individuals.”

Professor Rubenstein and his team discovered that this support arises through the establishment of mutual relationships.

However, proving that such behaviors are present in non-relatives remains challenging.

The study is rooted in two decades of research by the authors on these birds in Africa, thriving in the harsh savannah climate.

From 2002 to 2021, thousands of interactions among hundreds of birds were documented, alongside DNA samples to analyse genetic links.

By merging behavioral data with genetic information during 40 breeding seasons, they posed pivotal questions: Did birds prioritize aiding relatives? Did they assist non-relatives when related individuals were available? Did they reciprocate support over time?

Ultimately, the findings revealed that while helpers prioritized their relatives, they often supported specific unrelated individuals consistently, even when relatives could assist.

“Many of these birds forge friendships that develop over time,” Professor Rubenstein stated.

“Our next goal is to investigate how these relationships are formed, their longevity, and why some bonds remain strong while others diminish.”

The study was published today in the journal Nature.

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Advertising et al. The enigmatic role of mutual assistance among birds in cooperative breeding. Nature Published online on May 7, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08958-4

Source: www.sci.news