Unlocking Australia’s Ancient Past: Study Reveals 230 Million-Year-Old Dinosaur Footprints as the Oldest in the Country

Unearthed in 1958 by a young fossil hunter in Albion, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, dinosaur footprints have been officially recognized as the continent’s oldest, dating back approximately 230 million years to the late Triassic period. This discovery indicates that dinosaurs inhabited the Brisbane region far earlier than previously thought by paleontologists.



Living fossils unearthed from Petrie Quarry, Albion, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Image credit: Anthony Romilio & Bruce Runnegar, doi: 10.1080/03115518.2025.2607630.

The 18.5 cm (7 in.) long dinosaur footprint was discovered at Petrie’s Quarry, part of the Aspley Formation, alongside a slab featuring narrow linear grooves interpreted as possible tail traces.

Both specimens were extracted before the quarry site was redeveloped, passing through several university collections since then.

“This is the only dinosaur fossil discovered in an Australian capital, highlighting how significant finds can remain hidden in plain sight,” stated Dr. Anthony Romilio, a palaeontologist from the University of Queensland.

“Urban development has rendered the original site inaccessible, leaving behind these footprints as the only evidence of dinosaurs in the area.”

The footprints show impressions of three forward-facing toes, with the central toe demonstrating a faint fan-shaped outline, characteristics typical of a bipedal dinosaur.

Advanced 3D modeling and morphometric analysis revealed that this footprint closely resembles the Ichnogenus Evazoum, commonly linked to early sauropod dinosaurs found elsewhere.

Based on the dimensions of the footprints, Dr. Romilio and Professor Bruce Rannegar estimated that the corresponding dinosaur stood about 78 centimeters (31 inches) tall at the waist and weighed around 144 kilograms (89 pounds).

Utilizing established scaling equations, researchers calculated the maximum potential running speed to be about 60 km/h (37 mph).

While no dinosaur skeletons have been found in the Aspley Formation, these footprints serve as the only direct evidence of dinosaur presence in this time and place.

“Dinosaurs may have walked along waterways, leaving their tracks preserved in sandstone that was later cut to build structures across Brisbane,” Dr. Romilio explained.

“If not for the foresight to conserve this material, the history of Brisbane’s dinosaurs would have remained completely unknown.”

“These footprints were made in sediment by large animals and exemplify a unique kind of trace fossil,” stated Professor Rannegar.

The associated tail print, approximately 13 centimeters (5 inches) long, aligns with structures interpreted as a dinosaur’s tail track. However, the authors caution that without preservation of the corresponding footprint in an appropriate location, its origin remains uncertain.

“The shallow linear grooves found in the tail block closely match reported tail drag traces, yet lack any remaining evidence of Manus or Pes. Their true identity remains ambiguous,” they noted.

“These grooves could have resulted from caudal contact in the orbits of prosauropods, but typically on-site and near the midline of such orbit, which isn’t applicable in this case.”

The team’s research paper has been published this week in The Alcheringa, Australian Journal of Paleontology.

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Anthony Romilio and Bruce Rannegar. Australia’s oldest dinosaur: Reproductive fossils unearthed from the Carnian Aspley Formation in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa published online on February 1, 2026. doi: 10.1080/03115518.2025.2607630

Source: www.sci.news

Mafia: Old Country Reviews – Action Games Set in Sicilian Era Themes | Gaming Highlights

oIn time, this industry reached a standstill in a game of this nature. The single-player story-centric action experience intertwines weekend choreographic sequences with expansive worlds brimming with an enticing array of collectibles.

Indeed, the old country lacks fresh concepts for the cover shooter genre. Hangar 13 already released a remake of the original Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven in 2020, yet in this installment, it often feels as though the studio has recycled it in a new setting. Both the narrative and the framework of individual missions seem to honor Fedora, reminiscent of its 2002 classic.




You can see where this is going… Mafia: Old Country. Photo: 2K Game

A classic scenario: Mission trope “Win the race to impress your don.” This chapter was notorious in the original Mafia, as racing vehicles from the 1930s were notoriously tricky to manage and racing itself was rather uninviting. However, it presented a sophisticated multi-tiered mission filled with obstacles, thefts, and unexpected betrayals. In Mafia: Old Country, you’re merely cruising through a town prepping for the race, with the don needing a replacement rider, which offers a serene ride along a route filled with real challenges. While such experiences might have faced criticism a decade back, the scarcity of games like this today leads us to overlook basic mission design and rather appreciate its storytelling and the setting it represents.

It is the year 1904, and you embody Enzo Faraba, a young man down on his luck without family, working alongside peers in a sulphur mine, dressed in a yellow-dyed rag and sporting a shaved head. While the working conditions in the mine are dismal and perilous, Enzo contends with cruel employers, earning the ire of the local ‘businessman,’ Don Laggero Spadaro, who owns the mine. Fear not—after a narrow escape, he finds refuge with Don Trici, a rival of Spadaro who values the courage and diligence of the young man. You can see where this is leading.




A vibrant setting… Mafia: An Old Country. Photo: 2K Game

Next, you experience the typical quest for dominance within the criminal underworld, expressed through knife fights and vintage-style shooting with reloadable firearms. Local businesses are noncompliant. Workers are striking. Thieves and rival families threaten your reputation. You navigate environments where waist-high cover positions are conveniently placed, allowing for tactically advantageous standoffs.

Credit where it’s due: Enzo and his comrades’ missions aren’t solely about violence. Occasionally, you’ll employ stealth, tossing coins and bottles to divert guards away from your path. There is ample horseback riding and car driving, accompanied by rich dialogues that enhance the context surrounding your actions. While these non-combat mechanics may not be particularly thrilling, this is a mafia-themed game—not designed to be a grand, systemic experience, but rather to narrate the tale of a gangster.

Despite the odds, it manages to succeed in its endeavors. However, it accomplishes this through storytelling rather than intricate plots. The rhythm is predictable. Memorable moments neither stem from witty dialogue nor dramatic turns of fate, nor are they rooted in evocative historical specifics. There are scenes of peasants raiding the pantry and heaps of citrus fruits piled in the fields. Workers stamping grapes in the Torrisi Vineyard. Authentic recipes for Spezzatino di Maiale resting on the kitchen counter. The Sicilian dialect makes fleeting appearances in every conversation (it’s highly advisable to use English subtitles to enhance understanding amidst Sicilian audio). This game demonstrates thorough research, successfully portraying cultural and historic contexts rarely explored in previous titles. It earns its title as a mafia game—it embodies this well: a tribute to the old country.

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Knife fights and gunplay do operate effectively, yet I find the missions a bit too simplistic compared to a franchise once celebrated for its dynamic pacing. Nonetheless, despite these caveats, it’s worth engaging with for the allure of its setting and the undeniable passion it holds for its bleak subject matter.

Mafia: Old Country is available now, priced at £49.99

Source: www.theguardian.com

Mandrake: A Country Life that Fosters Friendship with the River and Whispers from the Beyond

w
ith Dulcet Welsh Tones, an actor reminiscent of Michael Sheen, invites players into the enchanting world of Mandrake. He affectionately describes Chandri’s village as “small” yet “complicated,” noting that “everyone has their own story.” The narrative alternates between a snug wooden cottage and a mossy forest inhabited by mythical creatures. The protagonist, a wizard-gardener, “smelt into the art of greenery and growth,” often returning home to transform into a sumptuous vegetable, some of which can be found in local supermarkets, while others are distinctly magical.

As a portrayal of rural life, Mandrake stands out as more enriching and appealing than most. It exudes a charm akin to classics like Harvest Moon and Stardew Valley, inviting players to immerse themselves in the cyclical rhythms of crop cultivation, scenic exploration, and engaging dialogues with quirky, upbeat townsfolk. However, there’s more beneath the surface. If you find the farming aspect dull, you can wander the fantastical paths of this brinonic-inspired realm, perhaps engaging with the deceased or harmonizing with the river.




Comfortable cultivation… Mandrake. Photo: Failbetter Game

Expect the peculiar in Failbetter’s latest release, the esteemed UK studio known for its acclaimed titles. Set within a shared fictional universe, their RPGs and atmospheric survival experiences have showcased masterful prose and mesmerizing world-building. The city of London has “fallen,” now submerged in an eerie underworld called Naisse, located along the shores of dark, vast seas.

These titles are steeped in a blend of terrifying humor and fascinating narratives. The Mandrake Foreground location presents a more accessible way to engage with the environment. As game director Adam Myers puts it, the charm of a Rural Life Sim is its capacity to “zoom in on one community over time.” Through days, nights, and seasons, players observe evolving spaces and their inhabitants. Myers reveals that he developed a profound understanding of the environment from a distinctly unfamiliar perspective.

However, Mandrake seeks to veer away from the lush trends dominating the genre. They cultivate expansive fields of wheat and prepare multiple meals daily. “Growing crops in large, rectangular, monocultures is not ideal,” Myers asserts. “And you won’t always find banquet-worthy ratatouille in your inventory with just 30 clicks.”




Complicating rural Sims in the countryside… Mandrake. Photo: Failbetter Game

Gift Giving, a conventional method for players to integrate with NPC neighbors in this genre, arrives with a twist. Players can’t simply hand out gifts (“That’s a bit annoying,” Myers jokes). Instead, they must articulate their reasoning for offering gifts, forming connections based on obligations.

The goal is not just to replicate patterns found in other rural life simulations but to “complicate” them with both thoughtful systems and unconventional influences. Myers passionately discusses esoteric elements such as anthropology, British folklore, and Renaissance alchemy. The world brims with quirky and mysterious legends, and among its peculiarities lies a “Quesimonastic organization” amid the Welsh backdrop, notably devoid of sheep.

The comforting ritual of country life may serve as a Trojan horse for a distinct and eccentric approach to failure. “One of the pitfalls we’ve encountered before is being too strange, too swift, too brash,” admits Myers. “We need to provide players with a firmer foundation to navigate the complexities more comfortably.”

These ancient forests undoubtedly harbor ominous creatures. Villagers may conceal numerous mental secrets. It’s reasonable to assume that Myers and his team will explore the depths of these eerie landscapes. However, perhaps there’s a crucial distinction in the tone they wish to maintain—one that is welcoming and “emotionally kind.” Unlike some other Failbetter titles, death doesn’t loom closely here. As Myers shares, “You probably won’t be able to consume yourself with this.”

Mandrake is currently in development for PC, with console support planned. Release date is TBC.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Review of Spooky Country Dinosaur Mansion 3: A Reality-Bending and Daftly Fun Game

this haunted house has become a ripe place to set up a strange video game. The layers of Lorelei and The Laser Eyes, Blue Prince, Botany Manor, and Fear of Fear come to mind. A mansion as a place of danger, supernatural danger, unreliable architecture – certainly perfect for an unsettling experience. Or even a stupid experience in an uneasy environment.

Creepy Redneck Dinosaur Mansion 3 has a lot to offer with its title. The first presents it as a conceptual dinosaur hunting adventure in a creepy house run by an ominous old mogul, and quickly reveals to players that they know it’s a video game. So it’s up to us to patch it as we go, broken video games, and to do so.

Players will explore the mansion through text and puzzle vignettes, pushing the limits of all scenarios in the hopes of finding bugs and glitches. This is a big concept, but the game seems interested in conveying the idea rather than showing us what we see or show them in the play itself.

Run by a confused hero, our Butch combat system is a clever little match 3 game. Sometimes it’s a dinosaur with a gun. Sometimes it is a tripwire, sometimes it is a legion of clones – sometimes a clone of his own. Sometimes it talks about vegetables. Sometimes a wig dinosaur. Stupidity is one note, quickly flattened and stored only by the pleasant nature of the puzzle.

Still, to have an effective game of three matches, or frankly, to use Candy Crush, you need to use high-contrast colors to prioritize players. When I played it, it was really hard to distinguish between symbols and otherwise a pleasant flow was interrupted. This visual problem is not limited to puzzles. The entire color palette in this game is muddy. It doesn’t commit Gothicly or bring about total confusion.

The same problem applies to the text. The game is text-based, but the dialogue and descriptive text are just as muddy as the visuals. The jokes work, but they aim to be destructive and shocking (dinosaur romance is a repetitive gag). However, games are about gameplay and game development. This means that much of the explanation is expressed in technical terms. File and version history discussion goes beyond baseball’s internals. So, if you’re a gamer seasoned enough to speed up metalologic, certainly you don’t need to issue an affidavit. Certainly we were all laughing at the dinosaur romance five years ago. The writing is very close to great things. I had to be sharper.

Text-based gameplay 3 of a spooky country dinosaur mansion. Photo: Strange scaffolding

The art style is rough, but not in a way to evoke a deliberate aesthetic. Depending on the text, reality can be said when you complain in a bent way. There is a moment when we disappear into the void and leave the world. Once you get into the internet, you’ll even have some climactic moments. Still, the visuals are punchy. These strange appearances can be triggered by drawings and do not require flashy graphics. Although we recognize that the illustration style is intentional, the game would have been better served in art style, a little more playful or even intentional. Two moments made me laugh when the visual style actually moved into the meta and showed us some of what the game was saying to us.

I wanted to love this game. It’s ridiculous on paper. The odd scaffolding, the developer, is known for being odd – click-holding, in particular, is ominous and experimental, and truly asks what the game is in its execution (there are a lot of clicks and are being watched in the action of clicks). Spooky country dinosaur mansion 3 is certainly creepy and set in a mansion, with dinosaurs and truly satisfying puzzles. Also, there are some great ideas and not one that failed the experiment. It doesn’t bend reality as it hopes, but if it looks high and players can manage places where aesthetics are scarce, they’ll have a great time. They may meet a lovely blonde dinosaur that they can bring home with them.

Creepy Redneck Dinosaur Mansion 3 is out now, at £15.99

Source: www.theguardian.com

Massive Turnout at Science Congresses Across the Country

Standing up to a science rally in Washington Square Park, New York City on March 7th

James Dinneen

Thousands of people in American cities protested March 7th against the Trump administration's cuts to scientific funding.

In New York City, over 1,000 people gathered at Washington Square Park and chanted “Fund Science Not War!” People had signs of mourning the cut, including one that said, “Science makes America great.”

The protest was one of at least 30 “stand-up for science” rallies in US cities, and over 150 events were expected worldwide. The researchers also left the institute as part of the protest.

Since President Donald Trump took office on January 20th, the administration has cancelled or frozen billions of dollars in federal funds for scientific and medical research. Much of the reduction focuses on research related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and research on climate change and gender. The government has also fired thousands of federal employees at U.S. scientific institutions, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“Science is something that needs to be cherished. I think everyone has to be here. I'm rather working with my cells in my lab, but I think we need to bring awareness to these issues.” Anna Vivineteda neuroscientist at Weill Cornell Medicine who participated in the New York protest. She had signs that read, “So bad, even introverts are here.”

Demonstrators keep signs during stand-up at a science rally at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC on March 7th

Tierney L Cross / Bloomberg via Getty Images

“Science is being attacked, and funds are now being cut for decades in ways that affect the well-being of our country,” says Maia, a researcher at the Columbia University Eco Museum in New York. She says she and her colleagues lost funds for their research.

The largest gathering took place in Washington, D.C., where thousands of people attended. It included scientist Bill Nye. Francis Collins, former director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Several members of the Congress. Over 1,500 people attended the New York event. There, notable researchers also spoke, including Lisa Randall, the chief scientist at Meta Ayan Lekun, former NIH director and Nobel laureate, theoretical physicist at Harvard.

Researchers from around the world participated in the New York protests. “America has been a very exceptional thing to science. I really believe that science has made America great. We are very disappointed because everything is destroyed,” says a French cancer biologist.

New Scientist We also spoke with scientists from Argentina, Israel, Canada and Australia at the rally. Some of them worried that they might have to leave the US to continue their work. “I am heartbroken. Vivinezze, from Argentina, said:

Dennis Robbinsa science educator at Hunter College in New York had a sign that read, “Now I am a crazy scientist.” He says he had the same signs in his first “March for Science” protest in 2017.

A crowd of people at the Philadelphia science march! The most popular sign: “I left the lab for this.” The protests have just begun, so please join us! #marchforscience #science #philly

[image or embed]

– Melissa Shusterman (@melshust.bsky.social)) March 7th, 2025, 11:04am

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Discover the hidden wonders of nature with a UV torch in your Country Diary | Plants

Credit for my newfound fascination with Ultraviolet (UV) light goes to fellow diarist Kate Blincoe. She recently expressed her excitement over the UV torch I gifted her, and now she sees the world in a whole new light.

UV light is a high-energy, short-wave light that is typically invisible to the naked eye but can be harmful to many organisms. Life on Earth thrived underwater during the late Proterozoic Era until the formation of the protective ozone layer 15 km to 30 km above us.

When a UV torch is pointed at a plant or animal at night, it triggers molecular interactions that result in the emission of lower-energy light within the visible spectrum. This fluorescence transforms ordinary parts of our environment into vibrant psychedelic scenes. For instance, a sandstone wall can appear as a red sheet (algae) intermingled with glowing lime (lichen).


Spiky sphagnum moss under UV light (left) and normal light. Photo: Mark Cocker

Photography capturing UV-induced transformations requires a comparison of before and after images to illustrate the remarkable changes. One such marvel is the metamorphosis of the golden saxifrage, which turns a lightwood embankment into a sparkling meadow of white and green, evolving into a pool of crimson confetti under the UV torch.

One of my favorite sights is the moss on an old quarry surface adorned with prickly foliage. By day, they present a lush bed of greenery, with central florets encircled by drooping side buds like oversized vegetative spiders. However, under UV light, these plants transform into a vibrant ensemble of lavender, aquamarine, turquoise, purple, and pink hues.

Upon receiving these UV-altered images, a friend questioned their significance, akin to how Henry David Thoreau pondered the beauty of a rainbow in December 1855. Thoreau believed that the world’s splendor far surpassed what meets the eye and that every raindrop had the potential to manifest as a rainbow. He asserted that beauty and music were not exceptions but integral aspects of life. The UV torch merely offers a fresh perspective on the divine enchantment surrounding us.

Under the Changing Skies: The Best of the Guardian’s Country Diary, 2018-2024 is published by Guardian Faber. Order with a 15% discount from guardianbookshop.com

Source: www.theguardian.com

Report Warns UK Vulnerable to Cyberattack that Could Shut Down Country at Any Time

The UK is unprepared for a major ransomware attack and could face an outage “at any time”, according to a new report.

Parliament’s Joint Committee on National Security Strategy (JCNSS) has been accused in a report of shifting responsibility for tackling ransomware attacks away from the Home Office, which is politically prioritizing other issues. He said it should be given to the Cabinet Office and directly supervised by the deputy prime minister. Minister.

The report claimed that former Home Secretary Suela Braverman “showed no interest” in the issue and instead focused on illegal immigration and small vessels.

Russian ‘Star Blizzard’ spy accused of years-long cyber attack on UK

Ransomware is a cyber attack in which a hacker infiltrates your system, locks access to your data and files, and demands payment to release the files or prevent the leak.

It has been used in many high-profile cyberattacks, including: Want to cry Attacks on the NHS in 2017.

In a report, JCNSS said the UK’s regulatory framework is inadequate and outdated, warning that much of the country’s critical infrastructure relies on legacy IT systems and remains vulnerable to ransomware. ing.

The report notes that even though government agencies such as the National Cyber ​​Security Center (NCSC) have warned of ransomware attacks from groups linked to Moscow, Beijing and Pyongyang, among others, there are They say they are not investing enough in safety measures.

read more:
Election Commission targeted by cyber attack
University of Manchester says data ‘may have been copied’
Increase in “hackers for hire”

As part of its report, the commission has requested a private briefing from the NCSC on its preparations to protect the UK from cyber-attacks ahead of the next general election, citing concerns about potential interference with the democratic process. did.

Dame Margaret Beckett, Chair of JCNSS, said: ‘The UK has the dubious distinction of being one of the most cyber-attacked countries in the world.

image:
Dame Margaret Beckett

“It is clear to the committee that government investment and response to this threat is not the best in the world, leaving us exposed to devastating costs and destabilizing political interference.

“When a large-scale, devastating ransomware attack is likely to occur, failure to meet this challenge rightly qualifies as an inexcusable strategic failure.

“If the UK is to avoid having its wealth held hostage, ransomware will become a more pressing political priority and more resources will be committed to tackling this pernicious threat to UK national security.” That is extremely important.”

A Home Office spokesperson said: “We welcome the JCNSS report and will publish a full response in due course.”

“The UK is well prepared to respond to cyber threats, including investing £2.6 billion under our Cyber ​​Security Strategy and rolling out the first ever government-backed minimum standards for cyber security through the NCSC’s Cyber ​​Essentials. The scheme is taking strong steps to strengthen its cyber defences.

“We also sanctioned 18 criminals who spread large quantities of ransomware this year, removed malware that infected 700,000 computers, and condemned the unprecedented ransom payments signed by 46 countries. He became a leader in international statements.”

A government spokesperson said: “We welcome the JCNSS report and will publish a full response in due course.”

“The UK is well prepared to respond to cyber threats, including investing £2.6 billion under our Cyber ​​Security Strategy and rolling out the first ever government-backed minimum standards for cyber security through the NCSC’s Cyber ​​Essentials. The scheme is taking strong steps to strengthen its cyber defences.

“We also sanctioned 18 criminals who spread large amounts of ransomware this year, removed malware that infected 700,000 computers, and condemned the unprecedented ransom payments signed by 46 countries. He became a leader in international statements.”

Source: news.sky.com