Exploring the Political Significance of Rare Earth Elements

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    Understanding the political significance of rare earth elements

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The U.S. depends on imports for nearly 80% of the rare earth elements necessary for critical electronics, making the securing of mining rights and import agreements a pivotal political issue. NBC News’ Zinhle Essamuah clarifies what rare earth elements are and their significance.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Exploring the Cultural Significance of Old Game Magazines and Nostalgia in Video Game History

bIf you were a passionate gamer before the age of the Internet, chances are you were also an avid reader of gaming magazines. Publications like Crash, Mega, PC Gamer, and the official PlayStation Magazine have been fixtures in the industry since the early 1980s, fostering lively communities through their letter pages. Unfortunately, many of these magazines were not preserved and have been forgotten over time, unlike music and movie publications. As a former game journalist in the 1990s, I recall seeing hundreds of issues of popular game magazines like Super Play and Edge Masters being discarded like trash, which was disheartening.

However, for many veteran gamers and video game enthusiasts, these magazines hold historical significance and provide nostalgic joy. Surviving copies of classic game magazines are highly sought after on platforms like eBay. The Internet Archive features scanned copies of these magazines, but legal issues with copyright owners can limit access.

Fortunately, there are organizations dedicated to preserving game magazines. The Video Game History Foundation, a nonprofit organization focused on preserving gaming history, recently announced the launch of a digital archive where enthusiasts can read and study magazines online. This archive will eventually include over 1,500 issues of US game magazines, art books, and other printed materials, all fully searchable for easy access to information on gaming history.

In a recent video introducing the archive, VGHF Library Filsalbador stated: “Whether you are a die-hard fan or just a curious observer, there is something for everyone.”

The VGHF, founded in 2017 by game historian Frank Cifaldi, is working to create archives that academic institutions and museums can use to study gaming history. While the focus has traditionally been on preserving games themselves, there is a growing recognition that magazines offer valuable context. John Hardman, creative director and co-CEO of the National Video Game Museum in Sheffield, notes that game magazines provide insights into players’ relationships with video games, serving as a time capsule of gaming culture.

Game magazines often reflect the specific demographics of their audience, showcasing industry trends and cultural norms. Advertisements from the 1990s to the early 2000s frequently depicted women in revealing outfits, even for genres like military shooters and strategy sims. This marketing strategy targeted teenage male audiences, as explained by museum curator Anne Wayne. The content of these magazines offers a unique perspective on the gaming community and the discussions and trends of the time.

The US Video Game Historical Foundation digitizes classic video game magazines archives. Photo: VGHF

Both VGHF and the National Video Game Museum rely on donations to continue their preservation efforts. Recently, the museum received a complete collection of PC Gamer magazines from a generous collector, including all cover demo disks and inserts. Magazine publishers also play a crucial role in preservation, as seen with Future Publishing’s archival efforts.

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Reflecting on the history of video games, it’s clear that the industry’s trajectory was not always straightforward. Game magazines challenged the notion that technological superiority guarantees success, offering a less linear perspective on the industry’s evolution. As you explore the VGHF digital archive, you’ll see that the success of consoles like the Sega Mega Drive, PlayStation, and Nintendo Wii was not always a foregone conclusion. In times of uncertainty for the gaming industry, these magazines serve as vital historical records, shedding light on a complex and ever-evolving landscape.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Significance of Skin Care for Long-Term Wellness

The skin is undoubtedly the body's largest organ. Depending on your height and weight, Covers an area of ​​about 1.5-2 square meters They weigh between 3.5 and 10 kilograms, which is about 15 percent of their total body weight.

Think of it as a kind of intellectual armor. It helps us sense the world around us, protects our internal organs, and protects us from pathogens. This is reason enough to take good care of it, especially for the following reasons: premature skin aging Your ability to perform all of these functions may be reduced and your risk of infection may increase. But new research suggests the effects on skin health may be even more profound.

To understand why, we need to examine its structure. The skin is made up of three layers. The outer waterproof epidermis is constantly regenerated. The dermis underneath is filled with collagen and elastin fibers. And underneath, the subcutaneous tissue, or subcutaneous tissue, is made of fat and connective tissue and is filled with cavities that help cushion the rest of the body from impact. Damage to these layers can cause skin cells to excrete inflammatory proteins. In the short term, this may increase blood flow to the injury site and speed healing. However, if high levels of inflammation are maintained over a long period of time, those chemicals can accumulate and spread to other organs with the help of the vast network of blood vessels within the dermis, causing organ damage. .

accelerated aging

Aging can accelerate this process. As we age, our skin loses collagen, water, and fat and becomes more fragile. To make matters worse, many skin cells enter a state called senescence, where their production of inflammatory chemicals increases. This potentially toxic cocktail appears to amplify the risk of age-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and dementia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for this hypothesis yet, various evidences Now we support it. For example, animal studies have shown that skin damage can cause widespread inflammation. Meanwhile, researchers at Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Does someone's face look older or younger than their actual age? It was associated not only with general cognitive function, but also with an overall risk of developing cataracts, osteoporosis, hearing loss, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

In the future, “aging therapy” drugs may be developed that remove aging cells, including those in the skin, or block the release of inflammatory proteins. these are Still in developmentbut progress is promising. On the other hand, there are many lifestyle changes that can help all of us take care of this important and fascinating organ. Read on to learn more.

Explore the key questions about skincare in our latest special series.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Japan’s First “Major Earthquake Warning” and Its Significance

summary

  • Japan’s Meteorological Agency issued its first-ever “major earthquake warning” on Thursday.
  • The warning came after a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck off the coast of the southern part of the country.
  • This raises the risk of an even bigger earthquake in the Nankai Trough, an undersea subduction zone that scientists believe could produce a quake of up to magnitude 9.1.

After a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Japan’s southern islands on Thursday, the country’s Meteorological Agency issued an ominous warning: More powerful quakes are possible, with the risk especially high over the coming week.

The Japan Meteorological Agency issues its first-ever “major earthquake warning,” warning that the Nankai Trough is a subduction zone where a magnitude 8-9 earthquake is likely to occur, and that there is a higher-than-usual risk of strong shaking and tsunamis. It urges people in the area to prepare.

The message is not a prophecy but an outlook for increasing risk, and it shows how far seismologists have come in understanding the dynamics of subduction-zone earthquakes.

Here’s what you need to know about the situation.

Dangerous subduction zones

The Nankai Trough is an underwater subduction zone where the Eurasian plate collides with the Philippine Sea plate, causing the latter to subduct beneath the Eurasian plate and sink into the Earth’s mantle.

Faults in subduction zones build up stress, and when the locked faults slip and release that stress, so-called megaquakes occur. “Mechatronics” is the shortened form of the name. These zones have produced some of the most powerful earthquakes in Earth’s history.

The Pacific “Ring of Fire” is a collection of subduction zones. In the United States, the Cascadia Subduction Zone off the West Coast stretches from Vancouver Island in Canada to Cape Mendocino in California.

The Nankai Trough fault is divided into several segments, but if the entire edge of the fault slips at once, Japanese scientists say the trough will It could cause an earthquake of up to magnitude 9.1.

In the southwestern Japanese city of Nichinan, beaches were closed on Friday after the country’s first warning of a possible major earthquake was issued.
Kyodo News via Reuters Connect

If a major earthquake were to occur off the coast of Japan, the Philippine Sea Plate would likely shake 30 to 100 feet near the country’s southeast coast, causing violent shaking.

Vertical displacement of the ocean floor could trigger a tsunami, sending waves crashing onto the coast of Japan that Japanese scientists estimate could reach heights of nearly 100 feet. Published in 2020.

History of major earthquakes

Large earthquakes occur in the Nankai Trough approximately every 100 to 150 years. In last year’s surveyJapan’s Earthquake Research Committee announced in January 2022 that there is a 70 to 80 percent chance of a major earthquake occurring in the next 30 years.

Great Nankai Trough earthquakes tend to occur in two separate events, with the second often occurring within two years of the previous one, recent examples being the “twin” earthquakes that occurred in the Nankai Trough in 1944 and 1946.

This phenomenon is due to the segmented nature of the fault, where a shift in one segment can put strain on other segments.

Thursday A magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred at or near a subduction zone.According to the U.S. Geological Survey.

People stand outside after escaping a building following an earthquake in Miyazaki on Thursday.
Kyodo News via Associated Press

Harold Tobin, a professor at the University of Washington who studies the Nankai Trough, said the magnitude 7.1 quake occurred in a segment that shakes more frequently than other earthquakes. The regular quakes reduce stress, so there’s less concern that the segment itself could cause a big one. What’s concerning is the quake’s proximity to a segment that’s been building up stress since the 1940s.

“This one is adjacent to the Southwest Sea region and is obviously sealed off, so that’s a reason for caution and concern,” Tobin said.

Predictions, not predictions

Scientists cannot predict earthquakes, but they are developing the ability to forecast when danger is heightened, especially in areas like Japan where tremors occur frequently and monitoring is well established.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

The Significance of Happiness: Exploring the Evolution of Astro Bot, the Ultimate PlayStation 5 Game

IEven though it’s the next big game for the PlayStation 5 and it’s in Sony’s DNA, there’s still something Nintendo about Astro Bot. That’s because it’s perfectly designed for the controller it’s played on, taking advantage of all the features of the DualSense controller. The spacey aesthetic, with different planets representing different colorful worlds to jump into, is reminiscent of Super Mario Galaxy, and it’s just pure joy to play. On a console where the most well-known hits are pretty serious (like God of War and The Last of Us), Astro Bot prioritizes fun.

“I think Sony’s product design is about cool, but it also embraces playfulness,” says Nicolas Doucet, studio director at Team Asobi, the Japanese studio behind Astro Bot. “The two are not mutually exclusive or antagonistic… [PlayStation] The hardware team loved it and no one cared less about it. These are highly crafted products, so you can imagine that designers wouldn’t want them tampered with. But we were looking at PSVR and turning it into a mothership.”

The first Astro Bot game, Rescue Mission, was the best thing ever made for PlayStation’s VR headset, a clever platformer brimming with original ideas. Astro’s Playroom was a treat that came packaged with the PS5 when it launched in 2020, designed to show off the capabilities of Sony’s new console and its controller. It did so brilliantly, with levels themed around the PS5’s super-fast SSD hard drive and a singing GPU soundtrack, taking full advantage of every little gimmick in the PS5 controller, from the microphone to the haptic triggers. But Astro’s Playroom was also, unexpectedly, an interactive museum of Sony’s gaming hardware. As I played, I collected consoles, peripherals, and other knickknacks, gradually filling the lab with PlayStation history. It was fun.

A cheeky idea that will never come again… Astro Bots. Photo: Sony/Team Asobi

During the development of Astro’s Playroom, Team Asobi worked very closely with the people making the PS5 and the controller. They were even running around the building with prototypes in paper bags, Doucet said. “They gave us prototype controllers that were twice the size of a normal controller, or they put two controllers together because they needed more power. You can see how much work went into miniaturizing all that and making a controller that looks and feels good. They came up with features like adaptive triggers and haptics because they Feeling Our job is to generate as many ideas as possible about how it might be used, and then validate and sometimes deny those intuitions. After all, we’re not selling technology, we’re selling an experience, a magical experience. come “From technology.”

Now, Team Asobi was given the freedom to create a bigger, longer game (12 hours or so) as an extended tech demo, without being tied to a single piece of PlayStation hardware. That said, it’s still a clear tribute to all things Sony. It incorporates many ideas that didn’t make it into the 2020 game. Astro Bot now flies between levels in a controller-shaped spaceship whose exhaust gases are made up of PlayStation button symbols. Running around several levels as this adorable robot, I slid down a waterslide with a bunch of beach balls, jumped off a high board into a pool, took down an angry giant octopus by slingshotting myself in the face with a retractable frog-face boxing glove, used a magnet to gather pieces of metal into a ball big enough to smash things, and blew up Astro like a balloon before sending him flying with the gas that erupted.

It’s super cute, funny and full of playful details. We discovered that the flames spewing from Astro’s jetpack can cut through wooden logs, but only because it’s fun; Astro struck a confident surfing pose when he hopped onto a turtle to see if he could ride on its back; and when we tickled a sad-looking anemone to discover a secret room, we were greeted with a chorus of “Secret!” These details are inconsequential, but as Doucet points out, “They’re important, because all these little things become memories.”

Hey! Don’t you remember me? … Astro Bot. Photo: Sony/Team Asobi

The levels are like a solar system that slowly expands outwards as the challenge increases. There’s the safest one towards the middle, where a 5-year-old can have fun kicking a football, jumping through water, and punching the occasional bad guy. And then there are the hardest levels towards the edge. There are over 150 little tributes to PlayStation games, from PaRappa the Rapper to Journey, in the form of cosplay robots that you can rescue. The challenge levels will test your 90s childhood 3D platforming skills, including precision jumps across platforms suspended in time and a miniature ice rink floating in space. This is the simplest fun I’ve had playing a game in a long time.

Team Asobi is relatively small, with about 65 people, and relatively international. According to Doucet, three-quarters of the team is Japanese, and the rest are from 16 countries. Some of them have worked on past PlayStation projects, such as Shadow of the Colossus and Gravity Daze, but some are newcomers. They are all focused on making Astro Bot a true mascot for PlayStation, Doucet says. “We want to develop Astro into a really strong franchise. We want to develop this little character even more,” he says. “There are a lot of expectations to meet at PlayStation, but we never forget that we are the underdogs. That’s part of the mindset of a successful person, you always want to be in pursuit of something. If you become too satisfied, the game starts to lose its soul.”

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Astro Bot certainly has a soul. It’s clear that the development team is having a lot of fun. “We’re geeky people, and I’m a PlayStation collector myself,” says Doucet. “It might sound a little corny, but it’s important that we’re happy so that our players are happy.”

Astro Bot will be available on PlayStation 5 on September 6th

This interview and play session took place at Summer Game Fest in Los Angeles. Keza MacDonald’s travel and accommodations were covered by Amazon Games.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Bitcoin Halving: Date and Significance Explained

Bitcoin price volatility appears to be decreasing

Pedrošek/Shutterstock

What is Bitcoin halving?

Bitcoin is a digital currency that operates freely from central control. Rather than an authority like a bank or government tracking who owns what, Bitcoin relies on encryption.

So-called miners collect information about transactions and record them on a ledger called a blockchain. These miners perform a huge number of calculations with the aim of completing cryptographic problems, 0.69% of the world's electricity in the process. The first miner to solve this problem adds a collection (block) of transaction data to the blockchain.

You will also be rewarded with a certain amount of newly created Bitcoins. Bitcoin is built into the source code that writes and runs the network. Every 210,000 blocks, an event called a halving occurs where the size of the reward is reduced by 50%. This is intended to avoid inflation due to too many coins being created.

The first block ever mined gave a reward of 50 coins, which is now down to 6.25 coins after three halvings. The last halving was in May 2020.

When is the next Bitcoin halving?

The next Bitcoin halving is expected to occur around April 19th, reducing miners' rewards to 3.125 coins. The reward continues to decrease and disappears completely around 2140 after 21 million coins have been created. At that point, there are no new coins.

Why is it important?

For those who use Bitcoin to purchase goods and services or hold Bitcoin as an investment, nothing changes. The current Bitcoin pool will remain. However, for miners, the value of the rewards they receive will be significantly reduced.

This could lead some miners to close up shop if they decide the effort isn't worth the reward. But the reality is that mining economics are constantly changing, and the industry is likely to adapt and continue as it has always done.

More powerful computers are being created all the time that can perform mining calculations faster, making it easier to mine blocks. However, the feedback mechanism within Bitcoin's code constantly adapts to this by increasing or decreasing the difficulty of calculations depending on the total computer power currently allocated to mining. The purpose of Bitcoin's source code is that a new block is created approximately every 10 minutes, and the network adjusts to speed up or slow down as needed.

When Bitcoin was first launched in 2009, it was possible to mine coins almost instantly with even a basic computer. Nowadays, you need a room filled with powerful equipment, often high-end graphics cards and computationally proficient custom hardware.

What will happen to the price of Bitcoin?

The recent emergence of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), regulated financial products offered by large banks that offer an easier way to invest in Bitcoin, has been long anticipated and was expected to drive up prices. .Some analysts are now estimate Approximately 704,400 coins are already in the hands of the ETF.

There are currently two schools of thought regarding the effect of half-life. Some think the halving will give Bitcoin more impetus, causing the price to rise further, while others think the impact is already priced in. Regulatory approval for Bitcoin ETFs is by no means certain, but the halving is a certainty, so its impact may already be reflected in the price. But it's almost certain that halving won't double the price.

The wild price fluctuations that Bitcoin has experienced over the past few years have become less frequent, and metrics that track volatility seems to be on a downward trend. But at the end of the day, any discussion about Bitcoin's price is just speculation.

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Source: www.newscientist.com