How I Learned to Better Care for My Brain This Year

“I’ve never needed a great excuse to jump into a chilly lake…”

Kaisa Swanson/Alamy

My days are filled with small rituals. Each morning, I blend a spoonful of creatine in water, enjoying it alongside my multivitamin, followed by some plain yogurt rich in beneficial bacteria. Meanwhile, the kids feast on homemade cereal, sip kefir, and practice their Spanish on Duolingo. After school drop-off, I dive into a cold pond, then warm up in the sauna before heading to work. I also make it a point to add sauerkraut to my lunch and take quick walks in the park.

On reflection, it might seem a bit off-putting. The quintessential “wellness enthusiast meets middle-aged neuroscientist.” But this cozy routine is vastly different from a year ago, when the kids were munching on sugary cereal and I was sustained solely by caffeine while buried in my computer, often devoid of sunlight.

This newfound focus on well-being stems from a year-long quest for research-backed methods to enhance my brain health, from boosting cognitive reserves to nurturing a healthy microbiome. Observing my current situation reveals that minor tweaks can lead to substantial changes.

A key insight I’ve gathered from Dr. Joan Manson and other physicians at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Massachusetts is that a daily multivitamin can significantly slow cognitive decline in older adults by over 50 percent. When I inquired about other supplements beneficial for brain health, creatine stood out because it offers energy precisely when our brains require it.

However, the most significant shift didn’t come from my supplement collection, but rather from my grocery list. Conversations with neuroscientists and nutritionists have made me keenly aware of the importance of maintaining our microbiome. Consequently, my family embraced epidemiologist Tim Spector’s guidance to incorporate three fermented foods daily, eliminate ultra-processed breakfast options, and enjoy a diverse range of whole foods in our meals.

Despite my long-standing enjoyment of cold lake swims or sauna sessions, science has equipped me with compelling reasons to make these activities a priority this year. Cold and heat exposure has been shown to combat inflammation and stress while enhancing connections within brain networks that govern emotions, decision-making, and attention, which may in turn bolster mental health.

Emphasizing outdoor time has also become a family goal. I’ve discovered that gardening enhances the diversity of our gut’s beneficial bacteria, while walking in the woods can boost memory, cognition, and possibly stave off depression.

At home, we persist with Duolingo, valuing not just its linguistic benefits but also its contributions to cognitive reserve—the brain’s defense against aging. I’m also returning to playing the piano and exploring other creative outlets. I recall what Dr. Ellen Bialystok, a professor at York University in Canada, advised: “What challenges the brain is beneficial for the brain.”

The most astonishing aspect has been the rapid emergence of results. While some habits serve as long-term investments in cognitive health, I suspect others have delivered immediate benefits, such as helping my children feel more relaxed, diminish brain fog, and gain energy. It may be placebo, yet something is certainly effective.

Next year, we plan to keep experimenting. Let’s make it a year focused on discovering simple ways to promote brain growth. Now, where’s that kombucha?

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Home Care Chatbots in Australian Health Systems: AI Tools Revolutionizing Patient Support

Petalol looked forward to Aida’s call each morning at 10 AM.

While daily check-in calls from the AI Voice bot weren’t part of the expected service package when she enrolled in St. Vincent’s home care, the 79-year-old agreed to participate in the trial four months ago to assist with the initiative. However, realistically, her expectations were modest.

Yet, when the call comes in, she remarks: “I was taken aback by how responsive she is. It’s impressive for a robot.”

“She always asks, ‘How are you today?’ allowing you to express if you’re feeling unwell.”

“She then follows up with, ‘Did you get a chance to go outside today?’

Aida also inquires about what tasks she has planned for the day, stating, “I’ll manage it well.”

“If I say I’m going shopping, will she clarify if it’s for groceries or something else? I found that fascinating.”

Bots that alleviate administrative pressure

Currently, the trial, which is nearing the end of its initial phase, exemplifies how advancements in artificial intelligence are impacting healthcare.

The Digital Health Company collaborated with St. Vincent’s health to trial its generative AI technology aimed at enhancing social interaction, enabling home care clients to follow up with staff regarding any health concerns.

Dean Jones, the national director at St. Vincent’s, emphasizes that this service is not intended to replace face-to-face interactions.

“Clients still have weekly in-person meetings, but during these sessions… [AI] the system facilitates daily check-ins and highlights potential issues to the team or the client’s family,” Jones explains.

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Dr. Tina Campbell, Health Managing Director, states no negative incidents have been reported from the St. Vincent trial.

The company employs open AI “with clearly defined guardrails and prompts” to ensure conversations remain safe and can promptly address serious health concerns, according to Campbell. For instance, if a client experiences chest pain, the care team is alerted, and the call is terminated, allowing the individual to call emergency services.

Campbell believes that AI is pivotal in addressing significant workforce challenges within the healthcare sector.

“With this technology, we can lessen the burden on workforce management, allowing qualified health professionals to focus on their duties,” she states.

AI isn’t as novel as you think

Professor Enrico Coyera, founder of the Australian Alliance for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, notes that older AI systems have been integral to healthcare in “back-office services,” including medical imaging and pathology report interpretations.

Coyera, who directs the Center for Health Information at Macquarie University, explains:

“In departments like Imaging and Radiology, machines already perform these tasks.”

Over the past decade, a newer AI method called “deep learning” has been employed to analyze medical images and enhance diagnoses, Coyera adds.

In November, New South Wales became the first in Australia to implement mechanical measurement technology in population-based screening programs to aid radiologists with the interpretation of mammographic images.

These tools remain specialized and require expert interpretation, and ultimately, responsibility for medical decisions rests with practitioners, Coyera stresses.

The role of AI in early disease identification

The Murdoch Children’s Institute in Melbourne, in partnership with researchers at UCL London, has developed an AI method to identify brain abnormalities in epilepsy, specifically local cortical dysplasia in MRI scans.

These lesions can cause seizures that are resistant to medication, making surgery the only treatment option. However, successful surgery depends on the ability to identify the abnormal tissue.

In a study published this week in Epilepsia, a team led by neurologist Emma McDonald Rouse demonstrated that “AI epilepsy detectors” can identify lesions in up to 94% of MRI and PET scans, even detecting a subtype of lesions that are often missed by over 60%.

This AI was trained using scans from 54 patients and was tested on 17 children and 12 adults. Of the 17 children, 12 underwent surgery, and 11 are currently seizure-free.

This tool employs a neural network classifier, similar to breast cancer screening, to highlight abnormalities that experts still need to review, emphasizing a much faster path to diagnosis.

She underlines that researchers remain in the “early stages” of development, and further study is necessary to advance the technology for clinical use.

Professor Mark Cook, a neurologist not associated with the research, states that MRI scans yield vast amounts of high-resolution data that are challenging for humans to analyze. Thus, locating these lesions is akin to “finding needles in a haystack.”

“This exemplifies how AI can assist clinicians by providing quicker and more precise diagnoses, potentially enhancing surgical access and outcomes for children with otherwise severe epilepsy,” Cook affirms.

Prospects for disease detection

Dr. Stefan Buttigieg, vice-president of the Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence section at the European Association of Public Health, notes that deep neural networks are integral to monitoring and forecasting disease outbreaks.

At the Australian Public Health Conference in Wollongong last month, Buttigieg referenced the early detection of the Covid-19 outbreak by Blue Dot, a firm established by infectious disease specialists.

Generative AI represents a subset of deep learning, allowing technology to create new content based on its training data. Applications in healthcare include programs like Healthyly’s AI Voice Bot and AI Scribes for doctors.

Dr. Michael Wright, president of the Royal Australian GPS College, mentions that GPs are embracing AI Scribes, which transform consultations into notes for patient records.

Wright highlights that the primary benefit of scribes is to enhance the quality of interactions between physicians and patients.

Dr. Daniel McMullen, president of the Australian Medical Association, concurs, stating that scribes assist doctors in optimizing their time and that AI could help prevent redundant testing for patients. The promised digitization of health records remains a challenge.

Buttigieg argues that one of AI’s greatest potential is in delivering increasingly personalized healthcare.

“For years, healthcare has relied on generic tools and solutions. Now, we are moving towards a future with more sophisticated solutions, where AI fulfills the same roles,” Buttigieg concludes.

Researchers can utilize AI to analyze MRI data to aid in identifying brain lesions. Photo: Karly Earl/Guardian

Source: www.theguardian.com

Ways to Deter Individuals from Pursuing Medical Care: Tips and Slang

Exercise caution when seeking AI advice on medical issues

Chong Kee Siong/Getty Images

Wondering whether to consult a doctor about your sore throat? The quality of AI recommendations can vary based on how you frame your questions. In experiments with AI models, users who made typos, expressed uncertainty, or were identified as women were more frequently advised to seek medical attention.

“Subtle biases can shape the nature and content of AI recommendations, significantly affecting the distribution of medical resources.” Karandeep Singh, who did not participate in the research at the University of California, San Diego, commented.

Avinisa Gravatina and her team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have harnessed AI to produce thousands of patient notes in various formats. Some messages included intentional errors and spaces to replicate the writing style of individuals with limited English skills or typing difficulties, while others utilized uncertain language to reflect different emotional tones, including health anxiety or gendered expressions.

The researchers presented these notes to four widely-used large language models (LLMs) that power many chatbot applications, asking them if patients should manage their conditions independently, visit clinics, or undergo certain tests. The models included OpenAI’s GPT-4, Meta’s Llama-3-70b, Llama-3-8b, and the Palmyra-Med model created specifically for healthcare by AI specialists.

Results indicated that variations in format and style influenced the recommendations, with 7-9% of the AI models suggesting that patients remain at home rather than seek medical appointments. Additionally, female patients were more likely to receive recommendations to stay home. A study highlighted that treatment suggestions were more susceptible to changes based on the gender and language style of the queries than those offered by human clinicians.

OpenAI and Meta did not respond to inquiries for comments. According to Zayed Yasin, a writer involved in the research, these LLMs are not intended for health advice or clinical recommendations without human oversight.

Most operational AI technologies in electronic health records currently depend on OpenAI’s GPT-4 O, which wasn’t directly studied here. Singh emphasized the necessity for enhanced methods to assess and monitor generative AI models within the healthcare sector.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Approach to Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Insights from Biden’s Patient Care Strategies

Prostate cancer specialists assert that former President Joseph R. Biden’s diagnosis is grave. Announced by his team on Sunday, it was revealed that the cancer has metastasized to his bones and is classified as Stage 4, the most severe stage of the illness. This condition is currently incurable.

However, prostate cancer professionals highlight that advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer have significantly improved the outlook for men facing advanced disease, primarily based on research funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense.

“We’ve explored numerous avenues for intervention,” remarked Daniel W. Lynn, a prostate cancer specialist at the University of Washington.

Dr. Judd Mull, a prostate cancer expert at Duke University, noted that men experiencing prostate cancer that has spread to the bones can now “survive five, seven, ten years or even longer” with current treatments. In the 1980s, men like Biden might “wish to pass away from natural causes rather than from prostate cancer,” he pointed out.

Biden’s office indicated that he experienced urinary symptoms, which prompted him to seek medical evaluation.

However, Dr. Lin expressed skepticism, stating, “I don’t believe his symptoms were related to the cancer.”

Instead, he suggested that the most plausible sequence was that doctors had examined Biden, discovered a nodule in his prostate, and conducted blood tests and prostate-specific antigen tests. PSA tests detect proteins produced by cancer cells and can follow blood tests and MRIs that indicate cancer.

Currently, Biden and other patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer are in a better situation than past patients. There are approximately ten novel treatments available for the disease that have significantly altered the prognosis.

The primary strategy is to inhibit the testosterone that fuels prostate cancer. When Dr. Muru began his practice as a urologist in the 1980s, this was achieved by surgically removing the testicles. Today, men have the option of two medications administered via injection that prevent testosterone production, alongside oral pills that achieve the same result.

However, these medications alone are insufficient. Therefore, physicians typically add one of several androgen blockers that further suppress testosterone.

Some men receive supplementary treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, depending on the extent to which the cancer might spread within the bones.

There have also been advancements in diagnostic procedures.

Previously, doctors assessed the degree of cancer in the bones through scans that detected inflammation. Now, they utilize a more precise scan known as the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET scan. This scan employs a radioactive tracer that binds to markers on the surface of prostate cells, allowing for faster cancer detection. Consequently, men with prostate cancer cells in their bones now often have a considerably better prognosis compared to those who underwent bone scans just a few years ago.

Additionally, there are medications available that block testosterone and others that can target cancer if chemotherapy and radiation therapy become ineffective.

Dr. Lynn pointed out that increased federal research funding, alongside Biden’s initiative to prioritize cancer research, has contributed to these advancements. He noted that Biden was “one of the first presidents to elevate cancer awareness.”

Regarding Dr. Muru, he remarked that men who develop stage 4 prostate cancer are now often filled with a sense of hope.

“There are now even more resources at our disposal,” Dr. Moul added. “The survival rate has nearly tripled in the last decade. The extent of change is truly remarkable.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

Chimpanzee Medical Care and Hygiene Are More Common Than You Might Think

Primatologists have recorded and examined both previously noted and newly observed instances of self-administered and socially oriented wound care, snare removal, and potential medicinal hygiene behaviors within the Sonso and Waibira chimpanzee communities of the Budonggo forests in Uganda. They documented self-directed wound care actions, such as licking wounds, slapping leaves, pushing fingers against wounds, applying plant material to injuries, and successfully removing snares. The researchers also noted self-guided hygiene behaviors, including cleaning genital areas with koital leaves and wiping foliage post-defense.

Social grooming between two chimpanzees in Budonggo forest, Uganda. Image credit: Elodie Freymann.

“Our research sheds light on the evolutionary origins of human medicine and healthcare systems,” stated the first author of the study, Dr. Elodie Freyman, a researcher at Oxford University.

“By observing how chimpanzees identify and utilize medicinal plants to care for others, we can gain valuable insights into the cognitive and social foundations of human medical practices.”

Dr. Freyman and his team focused their study on the Sonso and Waibira chimpanzee communities in Budonggo forest.

Like all chimpanzees, individuals in these communities face injuries from various causes, including human-instigated fights, accidents, or snares.

Approximately 40% of all Sonso individuals are observed with snare injuries.

The researchers dedicated four months to each community’s observation, employing video evidence from a comprehensive APE dictionary database, a logbook filled with decades of observational data, and research gathered by other scientists who have witnessed chimpanzees treating injuries and illnesses.

Chimpanzees have been noted to use specific plants for external treatment. Some have been identified to possess chemical properties that enhance wound healing and traditional medicinal applications.

During their field observations, scientists noted 12 injuries at Sonso, all likely resulting from group conflicts.

In Wyvila, five chimpanzees were documented as injured—one female from a snare and four males from combat.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Amnbsz6uvfq

Researchers also recognized that care was provided for their offspring rather than Waibira.

“This may be influenced by factors like variations in social hierarchy stability and greater observation opportunities in the well-acquainted Sonso community,” noted Dr. Freyman.

The scientists recorded a total of 41 care instances: seven instances of prosocial care and 34 instances of self-care.

These instances frequently involved various care behaviors, whether addressing different aspects of a wound or indicating the chimpanzee’s personal preferences.

“Chimpanzee wound care involves several techniques, which can remove debris and apply potentially antibacterial substances, possibly even antibiotics from their saliva.”

“All chimpanzees documented in our study exhibited recovery from their wounds, yet we are unable to determine the outcome had they chosen not to address their injuries.”

“We also recorded hygienic behaviors such as using leaves to clean the genitals post-mating and wiping the anus with leaves after defecation—practices that serve to prevent infections.”

Among the seven instances of prosocial care, the researchers noted four instances of wound treatment, two instances of assistance in snare removal, and one instance involving hygiene help for another chimpanzee.

Care was administered without preference towards a specific gender or age group. Attention was given to genetically unrelated individuals in four cases.

“These behaviors contribute to evidence from other areas where chimpanzees appear to acknowledge the needs and sufferings of others and take deliberate actions to alleviate them, even in the absence of direct genetic advantages,” Dr. Freyman stated.

The research team intends to delve deeper into the social and ecological contexts in which care is provided and which individuals are recipients of such care.

“There are some methodological limitations in our study,” Dr. Freyman added.

“The disparity in familiarity between the Sonso and Waibira communities introduces observational bias, particularly regarding rare behaviors like prosocial healthcare.”

“We have documented the plants used in healthcare contexts, but further pharmacological exploration is necessary to confirm their specific medicinal characteristics and efficacy.”

“The relative rarity of prosocial healthcare also complicates the process of identifying patterns related to when and why such care is provided, or when it is withheld.”

“These challenges underscore future research avenues in this burgeoning field.”

Study published in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

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Elodie Freymann et al. 2025. Self-direction and prosocial wound care, snare removal, and hygienic behavior among Budongo chimpanzees. Front. Ecol. Evol. 13; doi:10.3389/fevo.2025.154092

Source: www.sci.news

Chimpanzees Utilize Healing Plants for Wound Care

New research has revealed that wild chimpanzees are capable of self-medicating their wounds with plants, assisting injured companions, and freeing others from traps set by human hunters.

This behavior, documented in a study published in the journal Frontiers of Evolution and Ecology on Wednesday, offers new insights into the evolutionary roots of human medicine.

Over approximately eight months, the study combined video footage and photographs with historical data, revealing that chimpanzees engage in actions like biting plants, applying leaves to wounds as makeshift bandages, and grooming wounds of fellow animals. Observers noted a chimpanzee pressing a leaf against its wound for treatment.

The findings contribute to ongoing discussions about whether altruistic behaviors are exclusive to humans, as they show that even chimpanzees without familial ties can exhibit care toward one another.

Wild chimpanzees in Uganda grooming.
Elodie Freymann

“Humans often pride themselves on being unique in their capacity for empathy and altruism,” says Elodie Freyman, a postdoctoral researcher at Oxford University and the study’s lead author. “These animals demonstrate that they can identify others in need and respond appropriately.”

Chimpanzees and bonobos, the closest genetic relatives to humans, bolster the argument that healthcare concepts may have existed millions of years prior to the emergence of Homo sapiens.

“Our shared ancestors likely exhibited these caring behaviors,” Freyman stated.

An increasing number of studies indicates that various animal species can self-medicate with differing levels of sophistication. For instance, elephants have been observed to consume specific leaves for medicinal purposes, hinting that animals might be addressing health issues like digestion.

As research on animal medicinal behaviors expands, experts believe it provides crucial insights into our own evolutionary past.

“Evidence of healthcare behaviors exists among our ancestors, dating back to pre-Neanderthals, but the evolutionary pathways of such explorative behaviors remain unclear,” remarked Alessandra Mascaro, a primate researcher and doctoral candidate at the University of Osnabrueck in Germany. “We are only beginning to uncover these complexities.”

In 2022, Mascaro published findings illustrating that Gabonian chimpanzees applied insects to their own wounds and anticipates that further observations will clarify how these behaviors evolved.

Studying chimpanzee self-medication poses challenges due to the rarity of such behaviors.

Freyman dedicated two months to researching chimpanzees in Budongo Forest, Uganda, where observing these animals can be both physically taxing and demanding.

Wild chimpanzees in Uganda grooming.
Elodie Freymann

“Some days involve sitting at the base of a tree for hours, while others might have you stuck in a muddy hole while trying to observe them. The day’s tasks depend heavily on the group’s activities.

During her fieldwork, Freyman noted numerous instances of care behaviors among chimpanzees. She also discovered historical observational records from previous studies that revealed behaviors not documented until now, indicating a pattern of medicinal practices dating back to the 1990s.

“Collating these observations paints a remarkable picture of chimpanzee care,” she remarked.

From her findings and historical records, Freyman documented 41 instances of chimpanzee wound care, including four cases involving unrelated individuals.

“These results suggest that prosocial behaviors among nonkin may be more widespread than previously recognized,” noted Isabel Laumer, a cognitive biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior in Germany, who was not part of this study. “Further research is essential.”

Mascaro, who has studied chimpanzee healthcare behaviors in Gabon, acknowledged that the new findings from Uganda show similar medicinal behaviors across different populations of chimpanzees.

“Prior to this, we had limited knowledge about chimpanzees in that part of Africa,” Mascaro stated.

The phenomenon of self-medication has also been observed in other primates. Last year, Laumer documented that Indonesian orangutans apply leaves to facial wounds as a remedy for injuries sustained during conflicts. The plants they utilize often possess pain-relieving properties recognized by humans.

This body of research broadly indicates that primates are capable of identifying and utilizing plants with medicinal qualities.

“Chimpanzees consider forests not only as a food source but also as a repository for medicinal resources,” Freyman emphasized, underscoring the importance of preserving forest ecosystems.

She suggested that humans may have learned about medicinal plants from these primates, and that pharmaceutical companies could benefit from studying animal behavior to discover valuable medical compounds in the future.

“If you wish to refine the knowledge of these remarkable medicinal resources, observing and learning from animals is an effective, ethical, and responsible approach,” Freyman concluded.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

“Can Robots Dispensing Methadone Alleviate Nurses’ Workload and Enhance Patient Care?”

LAnea George opens the steel security door and enters a windowless room, where a device resembling a commercial-grade refrigerator awaits. Dubbed the Bodhi, it dispenses seven small plastic bottles, each containing precisely 70ml of methadone, an alternative to morphine or heroin in addiction treatment.

She takes the bottles from the tray, bundles them with rubber bands, and places them on the shelf. It’s not even 10 am, and George, the nurse manager at Man Alive—a well-known opioid treatment program in Baltimore—has already prepared doses for about 100 patients set to arrive the following day. “Bodhi has transformed my life and the lives of my patients,” she states.

Preparing these prescriptions requires more than merely pouring medication into bottles. This process involves printing each label individually, measuring the amounts accurately, sealing the bottles, and capping them securely. If there are spills, the nurse must stop to collect the lost liquid, measure it, document the incident, and dispose of it properly.


Repeating this procedure over 100 times illustrates why the task can take an entire day before Bodhi even arrives. George notes that many nurses leave the profession, often due to issues like carpal tunnel syndrome from repeatedly screwing caps on multiple bottles daily.

“I’ve seen nurses just walk off shifts and never return,” she reflects on her previous clinic.

Now, with more time freed up, George can focus on patient interaction. “It allows me to be more personal and have deeper conversations,” she remarks. “That’s where we uncover a lot of important information.”

Injecting Humanity into Addiction Treatment

This increase in patient interaction was the motivation behind the machine that George uses daily. Amber Norbeck, a pharmacist in the neonatal intensive care unit at Montana Hospital, noted that 50% of newborns experience withdrawal symptoms due to maternal opioid addiction.

Methadone therapy can help these women become mothers, but access is often problematic. The clinic she visited had a 30-60 day waiting list, and other patients faced three-hour waits despite a shortage of nursing staff during visits. Some patients must return daily for doses.

“It didn’t feel like healthcare; it felt more like a bank teller experience,” she explains. “For working individuals trying to manage their lives, the lengthy process often led them to give up.”

With U.S. overdose deaths from opioids rising from around 8,000 in 2009 to over 114,000 in 2022, Norbeck recognized a nation grappling with the opioid crisis amid a nursing shortage. In 2019, she and engineer Mike Pokolny began devising methods to automate the methadone dosing process.

They developed a robotic device capable of dispensing liquid medication in seconds, sealing, labeling, and capping each bottle. A year later, Norbeck left her hospital position, and in January 2021, the duo founded Opio Connect Inc, with Norbeck serving as CEO and Pokolny as vice-chairman.

They named the device Zing, utilizing components designed for other machines for a quicker assembly. “Existing pharmacy automation solutions weren’t designed for the variations required for dispensing methadone,” states Sam Wilson, Opio’s COO.

Pandemic Era Methadone Rules Support Automation

The introduction of Zing coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic, which provided an unexpected boost. Pre-pandemic, patients labeled “stable” could take home multiple doses, but during lockdowns, federal authorities relaxed these rules, allowing them to receive up to 28 days’ worth of medication.

While this policy shift intensified preparation and nurse workloads, post-Covid data revealed no significant patient benefits. The new take-home rules became permanent in January 2024.

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By then, the first Zing was deployed at Compdrug, an opioid treatment program in Columbus, Ohio, affectionately nicknamed Alfie. Seven additional Zings were installed across the country, each receiving its own name. This humanizing aspect led to naming contests, birthday celebrations, gender awareness events, and Halloween costumes. Together, they have assembled over 1 million methadone doses.

Norbeck anticipates that 30-40 more Zings will be operational by the end of 2025. The company is targeting 2,100 clinics and correctional facilities nationwide, emphasizing that many individuals require treatment, yet attracting nursing staff remains a challenge.

Automated Labor: Job Loss or Mitigating Labor Shortages?

Norbeck is uncertain about job losses attributed to Zing, but some clinics found themselves able to keep open positions unfilled, reallocating savings to other treatment initiatives.

“There was concern that [Zing] would replace nurses, but its true purpose is to liberate them,” explains Pokolny.

Compdrug previously employed six nurses to administer methadone throughout the day. Currently, with Zing’s assistance, only three handle dosing while the other three focus on telehealth. All six remain employed.

At Man Alive, Bodhi’s introduction has allowed George additional time, enabling her to also serve as a home nurse, assisting patients in connecting with medical care and following up on medication and health concerns.

However, it’s important to recognize another facet to these scenarios. Unfilled positions, whether in telehealth or home health, may exist regardless of robotic assistance. According to the Health Resources and Services Administration, the nursing workforce is projected to face a shortage of over 63,720 nurses by 2030, not accounting for losses incurred during the pandemic.

Norbeck believes that robotics can be a means to alleviate employment shortages rather than exacerbate them.

In Baltimore, George and her fellow nurses at Man Alive have organized educational initiatives in the community, further connecting with patients through participation in in-house group therapy sessions. Simply put, George states, “Bodhi has allowed me to rediscover my role as a nurse.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Doctors Report Immigrants Avoiding Medical Care Due to Fear of ICE

A man lay on the sidewalk in New York City, injured by a gunshot, holding his side.

Emily Bolgaard, a social worker providing supplies to the homeless through her nonprofit, discovered him and prepared to call 911. Nonetheless, the man pleaded with her not to make the call.

“No, no, no,” he insisted.

Bolgaard attempted to reassure him that federal law mandated hospitals to treat patients regardless of immigration status, but his fear was palpable.

“He expressed, ‘If I go to the emergency department, I’ll be on their radar,'” she recounted in an interview about the event.

Across the nation, healthcare professionals are increasingly worried that individuals with severe medical issues, including injuries and chronic illnesses, are forgoing treatment due to fears of arrest by immigration officials. After the Trump administration’s announcement of extensive deportation plans, the Biden administration’s strategy of safeguarding areas like hospitals and clinics has led to a noticeable increase in patient anxiety and a decrease in treatment uptake.

If this trend persists, healthcare professionals indicate that the consequences could be severe. Uncontrolled infectious diseases could spread, healthcare costs would rise due to untreated chronic conditions, and complications during childbirth may pose increased risks to women delaying care.

In a KFF survey, 31% of immigrants reported concerns that their status (or that of family members) could adversely affect their health. About 20% of all surveyed migrants shared struggles with diet and sleep, while 31% experienced increased stress and anxiety.

A White House representative did not respond to a request for comment. Following the announcement on January 21 to end protections at hospitals, a statement from the Department of Homeland Security indicated that the updated policy was “designed to enforce immigration laws and apprehend criminal foreigners.”

Research indicates that immigration enforcement actions are associated with deterioration in birth outcomes, negative mental health effects, decreased care access, and reduced public program utilization that alleviates illness and poverty.

“We are not only creating significant health risks, but also long-term economic risks for our nation,” stated Julie Linton, a pediatrician and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Federal Committee. “These policies instill very real fear and uncertainty among people, drastically impacting their daily functioning.”

Numerous immigrant communities grapple with a high prevalence of chronic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes. Without treatment, this can lead to serious complications like heart attacks and strokes.

Doctors express concern for patients like Maria, a 47-year-old pre-diabetic woman who has visited the same primary care clinic since arriving in the U.S. from El Salvador two decades ago. Even during the first Trump administration’s crackdown on immigrants, she sought medical care consistently. However, after protections around hospitals were lifted earlier this year, Maria canceled her appointment to check her blood sugar.

“We are in the clinic and deeply afraid of ICE arriving while we wait,” she said in Spanish.

Maria, who requested to remain anonymous, described herself as being in “continuous anguish.” She is formulating a plan to care for her American citizen child in the event she and her husband are deported.

One of her daughters, aged 15, is being treated for fatty liver disease, while another child requires care for developmental issues. Their eldest daughter has a doctor’s appointment scheduled for June. Maria and her husband wish to continue their child’s treatment but are apprehensive about attending appointments alone. “It’s very complicated,” Maria said. “I can risk myself for my child, but when it comes to my own health, I prefer to let it go.”

The repercussions of forgoing regular medical care can escalate quickly. Jim Manzia, president of St. John’s Community Health Network in Los Angeles, described a diabetic patient who ceased attending weekly diabetes education classes. Upon contacting her, the clinic staff discovered she was too terrified to even go grocery shopping and had subsisted on tortillas and coffee for days.

“We’re thankful we managed to reach her and that she came in,” Manzia noted. The network serves approximately 25,000 undocumented patients across more than 20 locations. Clinic exams indicated her blood sugar levels were dangerously elevated.

“This is becoming increasingly common,” Manzia lamented. “It breaks my heart to discuss these situations.”

In emergency care settings, doctors have noted several unusual indicators reflecting the impact of immigration enforcement. For instance, Dr. Amy Zidan, an emergency physician in Atlanta, reported a more than 60% decline in requests for Spanish interpretation in her hospital’s emergency department from January to February.

Theresa Cheng, an ER physician at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, recounted an incident where one of her residents cared for an immigrant patient who had sustained multiple facial fractures from an assault but hadn’t sought care for over two weeks. “There is an overwhelming sense of fear,” Dr. Cheng stated.

In late January, Dr. Cheng treated a patient with severely untreated diabetes. The undocumented woman shared her terror and had been waiting for assistance. Tragically, she passed away that same day.

Dr. Carolina Miranda, a family physician in the Bronx, discussed a patient granted legal asylum, yet fearing ICE, who missed an appointment regarding a potential brain tumor.

Similar delays and cancellations have been observed among pregnant women and new mothers nationwide. Dr. Caitlyn Bernard, an obstetrician in Indiana, noted a patient who skipped a postnatal visit, indicating she no longer felt safe leaving her house. Staff on the obstetrics floor of a San Diego hospital reported a significant drop in immigrant women experiencing acute pregnancy-related issues following the administration change.

“These women undeniably still exist,” a doctor, choosing to remain anonymous due to institutional restrictions on public statements, expressed. “I fear this will drive up maternal mortality rates over time.”

Many children of immigrant parents who skip appointments or leave prescriptions unfilled are American citizens. In mixed-status families, parents facing deportation often hesitate to bring their children to clinics or pharmacies.

Pediatricians serving underserved populations in Central Coast California reported a 30% increase in missed child appointments. Many families who sought professional care for their children, including evaluations for speech therapy and autism, cited fear as a barrier, with some wishing to remain anonymous due to the sensitive nature of their situations.

Dr. Tania Caballero, a pediatrician at Johns Hopkins, has encountered parents reluctant to visit emergency rooms, including those with children suffering from chronic conditions such as cerebral palsy, asthma, and diabetes.

“I tell my patients, ‘I cannot control what happens outside of my clinic. I can’t ensure against an ICE visit, but you know me, and I possess the resources to help you navigate this journey together,'” she explained.

Some parents facing dire circumstances, like those of children undergoing cancer treatment, believed their child’s medical conditions might shield them. They sought letters from pediatricians outlining their child’s medical needs, hoping this information would convince immigration authorities to allow them to remain in the U.S. for survival.

Dr. Lisa Gwyn, a pediatrician in South Florida, reported alarming drops in patient attendance as families from the Caribbean and South America miss essential pediatric vaccinations needed to prevent illnesses like measles, pneumonia, and whooping cough.

Dr. Gwyn also expressed concern for children who have endured significant trauma before arriving in the U.S. and who are not connected with social workers or psychologists for needed support.

“Imagine a child living in a home filled with fear. They came to this country hoping to find safety, only to feel afraid again,” she said. “We understand that prolonged stress negatively impacts health. Children who are stressed perform poorly in school and often battle mental health issues, including anxiety and depression.”

Some medical facilities have stated they will comply with immigration authorities. NYU Langone has issued warnings to employees cautioning against attempting to shield undocumented patients. However, many other health centers and organizations are finding ways to protect their patients by displaying “Know Your Rights” information and advising staff not to log immigration status in patients’ medical records.

Last week, the New England Journal of Medicine published an article detailing how physicians continue to provide healthcare while legally distancing themselves from ICE requests.

The St. John’s Clinic Network in Los Angeles recently instituted an ambitious home visit initiative where doctors, nurses, and medical assistants conduct examinations and deliver medication, working to inform all undocumented patients of this service.

The New York Regional Hospital Association proposed designating a “hospital contact” to quickly guide law enforcement to private offices, emphasizing the necessity of viewing signed warrants.

In the emergency department at University Hospital, a safety-net facility in Newark, staff distribute cards in Spanish and other languages to remind patients of their rights, stating, “You have the right to refuse consent to searches of yourself, your car, or your home.”

Yet, fear remains palpable. Dr. Annaly M. Baker, an emergency physician, recounted witnessing a young woman who had been beaten unconscious waiting for hours to receive care.

Dr. Baker also attended to a minor who had been stabbed but required parental consent for treatment. The boy was reluctant to provide details, fearing that his parents might be caught in immigration enforcement.

What troubles Dr. Baker most is the number of people who never seek treatment at all.

“The tragic message to these individuals is to remain hidden, and I hope you don’t die,” she remarked.

Sarah Cliff contributed to this report.

Source: www.nytimes.com

UnitedHealth Shifts Health Care Provider Strategy, Retreats from CyberTack Loan Support

Two independent healthcare practices in Minnesota once aimed for expansion but have faced challenges recovering from the significant cyberattacks on the UnitedHealth Group Payment System over the past year.

Odom Health & Wellness, specializing in sports medicine and rehabilitation, and Dillman Clinic & Lab, a family medicine provider, are among numerous medical offices that faced sudden financial disruption last year. Cyberattacks on Change Healthcare, a division of United, have crippled many healthcare payment systems nationwide for months.

Billions of dollars have been lent to medical practices short on cash, with repayment demands now surfacing.

Odom and Dillman are filing a lawsuit against United in U.S. District Court in Minneapolis, alleging negligence related to the cyberattack and claiming they are incurring excessive costs due to its aftermath.

Furthermore, Odom and Dillman alleged in their court documents that their insurer, UnitedHealthcare, denied claims on the grounds of late filings despite covering patient care.

Lawmakers view the disruption caused by these attacks as a consequence of United’s relentless pursuit of acquisitions, including Change and various medical practices. This widespread upheaval highlights the deep entrenchment of United’s subsidiaries in the national healthcare framework.

“This serves as another reminder that the swift integration of major healthcare firms may be doing more harm than good,” stated Sen. Ron Wyden, a Democrat from Oregon, regarding the financial strain imposed on practices by these cyberattacks.

Last month, the American Medical Association expressed its concerns to Optum, the United Health division owning Change, regarding the pressure many practices face to repay loans despite ongoing financial hardships due to the attacks.

Since March 2024, Change has provided $9 billion in interest-free loans to over 10,000 healthcare providers, including $569,680 for Odom and $157,600 for Dillman.

A year later, approximately $5.5 billion has been repaid, according to United’s court application. About 3,500 practices, including Odom, Dillman, and six other plaintiffs, had yet to repay as of April 1. Numerous other practices and patients have also initiated lawsuits against United.

In its statement, Change emphasized it would “proactively work with providers to identify flexible repayment plans tailored to their specific circumstances.”

“We’ve also collaborated with UnitedHealthcare to ensure claims are reviewed considering the challenges we’ve faced, including waiving timely submission requirements for plans under its governance.”

Change drew parallels between its loan recovery efforts and those of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Following the cyberattack, CMS expedited payments to practices to assist with Medicare claims pending due to the attack. They offered accelerated payments to reclaim funds from Medicare claims.

In court filings, United reported data indicating that a minor percentage of Odom and Dillman’s healthcare claims were rejected due to being “too early,” although denials escalated after the cyberattacks.

Denouncing the plaintiff’s motion as a “group shakedown,” UnitedHealth urged the district court to dismiss a request for an injunction regarding loan repayment, asserting the right to manage relations with thousands of other loan recipients.

United contended that the injunction might permit other medical practices to “hold billions of dollars hostage.”

Dr. Megan Dillman, a specialist in pediatrics and internal medicine, opened her practice in Lakeville, Minnesota in 2022, aiming to “restore joy in practicing medicine.” She argued that her healthcare business spends significantly more time with patients compared to the average 15 minutes doctors are increasingly limited to.

“Without our existence, there are patients who might not be here today,” Dr. Dillman noted, referencing a cancer diagnosis that was missed by another hurried physician.

Her husband, Richard Dillman, manages the business operations of her practice and has called for United to fulfill its repayment obligations.

“I would rather endure the Special Forces Qualification Courses than face this situation again,” remarked former Green Beret Dillman.

At the time of the cyberattack, Change’s Medical Building Clearinghouse processed approximately 45% of healthcare transactions across the nation, amounting to around $2 trillion annually. The company had to pause services in February 2024 to mitigate damage, halting a significant portion of the healthcare system’s cash flow.

There was a breach of sensitive personal information, marking the largest breach recorded in U.S. healthcare history. In January, United increased the number of individuals whose personal data was compromised to 109 million from approximately 100 million previously reported.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Civil Rights Office commenced an investigation in March 2024 concerning the ransomware attack. An agency spokesperson noted that they “do not comment on ongoing or potential investigations.” Some healthcare firms may face penalties for violations related to patient data mishandling.

Company executives reported that hackers exploited compromised login credentials, utilizing a portal that didn’t require multifactor authentication.

United authorities confirmed that they paid a $22 million ransom to a Russian cybercriminal who claimed responsibility for the attack. In a January revenue report, the cyberattack was stated to have cost the company $3.1 billion.

Healthcare reimbursements did not start flowing more freely through Change until June 2024, with United noting that the full restoration of services took time and some areas were still not back to 100%.

During a May 2024 Congressional hearing, a senator criticized United CEO Andrew Witty regarding the company’s response to the cyberattacks and the resulting struggles faced by thousands of providers. Witty testified that the company “will not pursue repayment until providers confirm that operations are back to normal.”

The repayment terms stipulate that Change does not require payments until “the affected billing and/or payment processing services have resumed during the service disruption period.”

The interpretation of “to be dealt with” is central to the ongoing lawsuit.

Change initiated collection attempts from Dillman and Odom, which were described in court documents as a series of increasingly aggressive letters. Both practices have been changed, barring repayment and rejecting offers for repayment plans. Change subsequently demanded full repayment in January, threatening to withhold future health care reimbursements.

“It’s disheartening, but not surprising, that United Health Group has chosen to prioritize profits over the well-being of families and small businesses,” stated Wyden, who led the Senate inquiry into the cyberattacks.

The AMA urged the company to negotiate “individual and realistic repayment plans” with each practice.

Dr. Katherine Mazzola, who operates pediatric neurology and neurosurgery practices in New Jersey, is among many others contesting United over loans.

“In my view, Optum operates like a loan shark that seeks swift collection,” remarked Dr. Mazzola, a non-plaintiff in the case against United.

Dr. Mazzola received a loan of $535,000 and later informed Change that she was unable to repay it. Despite suggesting a payment schedule, there was no response. Consequently, she began paying $10,000 monthly in January. Nevertheless, without notice, she reported that United started to withhold her reimbursements.

Currently, Dr. Odom employs around 110 individuals, many of whom assist seniors in assisted living facilities. He contended that if his practice were forced to immediately repay the Change loan, at least 22 staff members would need to be laid off. Dr. Odom asserted that this could hinder care availability, reduce services, and create further economic challenges.

“We are navigating a challenging battle as a small firm,” declared Odom President Dr. Meghan Klein, emphasizing the significant impact the financial situation poses for his company compared to United’s. “These are lives we are concerned about.”

According to the lawsuit, Dillman Clinic, which relies on United Insurance reimbursements for about 25% of its income, could face bankruptcy if compelled to fully repay the loan.

They claimed Dillman would risk losing all assets, including homes, vehicles, and retirement savings, if bankruptcy ensues.

“Part of my purpose in being here is to manage my schedule,” Dr. Dillman mentioned. However, the chaos stemming from the cyberattacks consumes their time, leaving little for their six-year-old daughter.

“I have just an hour to spend with her,” Dr. Dillman said, “I am missing out on her childhood.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

Research shows that elderly individuals are seeking care for cannabis use due to increased risk of dementia.

Hospital or emergency room care for cannabis use among middle-aged and elderly individuals may lead to an increased risk of developing dementia, according to a large Canadian study published in Jama Neurology. Over a five-year period, individuals seeking care for cannabis use were almost twice as likely to develop dementia compared to the general population.

The study, which analyzed medical records of six million Ontario residents from 2008 to 2021, highlighted a 23% higher risk of dementia among cannabis users compared to those seeking care for other reasons.

While the study did not specify the amount of cannabis used by participants, it did not establish a causal relationship between regular or heavy cannabis use and dementia.

Dr. Daniel T. Myran, the study’s lead author, emphasized the need for further research to explore the potential link between cannabis use and dementia. He acknowledged the complexity of determining whether cannabis use could lead to dementia and highlighted the importance of addressing these concerns.

Previous research by Dr. Myran indicated a higher mortality rate among individuals with cannabis use disorder and noted an increase in cases of schizophrenia and psychosis related to cannabis use in Canada.

Recent studies focusing on the impact of cannabis use on cognition have provided valuable insights, highlighting potential risks associated with regular or heavy cannabis consumption.

While previous research on cannabis and dementia has been limited, the strength of the new study lies in its large sample size and long-term follow-up of patients. Dr. Madeline Meyer, an expert not involved in the study, commended the study for its ability to rule out dementia at the outset and track the temporal relationship between cannabis use and dementia.

Dr. Meyer’s own research has linked cannabis use with neuropsychological decline, challenging the perception of cannabis as a harmless substance with potential medical benefits.

She emphasized the importance of taking the association between cannabis use and dementia seriously and considering the potential risks it may pose.

The increasing use of cannabis among older adults has raised concerns about potential health risks, including the development of dementia. A new study found a significant rise in cannabis-related medical visits among adults aged 45 and older, prompting further investigation into the potential impact of cannabis on cognitive health.

Comparing individuals with cannabis-related medical visits to the general population, the study highlighted a higher incidence of dementia among cannabis users, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation of the risks associated with cannabis use.

While some factors contributing to the increased risk of dementia among cannabis users can be explained, others remain unclear, requiring further research to fully understand the potential relationship between cannabis use and cognitive decline.

Dr. Mylan and his colleagues found that individuals seeking care for alcohol use are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia than those using cannabis, highlighting the complex nature of substance use and its impact on cognitive health.

Despite efforts to control for various factors, there are still uncertainties surrounding the potential link between cannabis use and dementia. It is essential to consider all possible variables that may contribute to the development of dementia in cannabis users.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Who is providing care for infants with HIV in other countries?

The Trump administration has rejected the remaining few health officials who oversee the care of some of the world’s most vulnerable people. There are over 500,000 children and over 600,000 pregnant women with HIV in low-income countries.

The specialized team that managed the management program to prevent newborns from acquiring HIV from their mothers and provide treatment to infected children was eliminated last week in a chaotic reorganization by the Department of Health and Human Services.

Some of the outcomes of the termination are only now clear.

While it was known that some staff dedicated to HIV prevention in other countries have been lost, the New York Times has learned that all such experts have been fired or are waiting for reallocation at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the State Department, and the International Development Agency.

These mothers’ health programs are still funded by the President’s emergency plan for AIDS relief or Pepfarr. However, it is not clear how work will continue without anyone managing the initiative or paying for it.

The Department of Health and Human Services did not respond to requests for comment.

“I hope this is no longer important to treat mothers and children, and this is not a sign that this is a correctable mistake,” the federal health department spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of retaliation.

The stakes are high. AIDS under the age of 15 dies every seven minutes in sub-Saharan Africa.

A survey in the Lancet on Tuesday estimated that suspending Pepfer could lead to around 1 million new HIV infections by 2030, killing about 500,000 AIDS among children, and an additional 2.8 million orphans.

After the early Trump administration froze all foreign aid, Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued a waiver that allowed them to provide “core life-saving medicine, health services” and other US-funded activities.

The Pepfar-specific exemption later prevented the transmission of HIV to mothers and children, and continued explicitly and continued support for programs intended to provide care for infected women and children.

Documents that allow aid to prepare resumes take several weeks after the exemption is issued, and some organizations are just beginning to receive the federal funds needed to run the program.

“We can dismantle something very quickly, but now we’re trying to build it with just a small portion of our staff and a potentially 5% of our institutional knowledge,” said a federal official who is not allowed to speak to news media.

All pediatric HIV experts participated in the USAID eruption and left a single unit at the CDC with expertise to advise international programs. That team was lost in a reorganization last week, along with another team that handles payments for funds for 300 grants in more than 40 countries.

Given the State Department’s exemption, these layoffs were a surprise to federal health workers and the organizations that rely on them.

“We had a clear understanding that HIV services for mothers and children fall under that waiver,” said Dr. Anja Gifert, vice president of medicine and science at the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation.

The foundation relies on approximately 60% of the CDC’s budget. “We completely blinded that the entire CDC unit was finished,” she said.

The organization has been promised funds until September. However, only a few were allowed to use the payment system on CDC

“Everyone is screaming to find a way to pay for their country teams and partners,” said a CDC official who called for anonymity in fear of retaliation.

Other experts said they were not surprised to see the screaming from the CDC HIV team despite the waiver.

“What we saw is that there is no rhyme or reason for any of the actions the administration is doing,” said Gilea Lethobosian, chief of staff for the Biden administration’s Pepfer.

Care for children with HIV and pregnant women is complicated.

Infants require a different HIV test than those used in adults, and infected babies must take another medication. If treatment is interrupted, they will succumb to complications immediately.

“Time is essential, especially when you think about children,” Dr. Gifert said. “That doesn’t seem to be taking into account all of these changes actually happening.”

In low-income countries, pregnant women with HIV are usually treated at prenatal clinics. Without treatment, one in three pregnant women can give HIV to the baby.

Treatment decreases Risk of infection to less than 1%. I have Pepfer It prevented nearly 8 million This type of infection has been occurring in newborns since its founding in 2003.

The freeze on foreign aid imposed in January caused shortages of pediatric HIV drugs in many countries, causing delays in new HIV drug treatments.

The dismissed CDC experts were helping low-income countries prepare for this transition, track inventory and directing drugs to places with the most urgent needs, said an official who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of retaliation.

“This adjustment is especially important for now, as we are in an age of immeasurable change,” the official said.

Source: www.nytimes.com

The Reason Behind Cameras Suddenly Appearing at Elder Care Facilities

The supportive living facility in Edina, Minnesota, where Jean H. Peters and her brothers operated their mother in 2011 looked lovely. “But you start to discover things,” Peters said.

Her mother, Jackie Hoygan, was 82 years old and widowed with memory problems.

“She wasn’t in the bathroom so her pants would be soaked,” said Peters, 69, a retired nurse prettier in Bloomington, Minnesota. She dropped to 94 pounds.

Most ominously, Peters said, “We’ve noticed that we’ve noticed that there’s no bruise in her arm.” The complaint to the administrator brought “many excuses” directly, by phone and email.

So Peters bought a cheap camera from Best Buy. She and her sisters set it up on the fridge in their mother’s apartment.

Monitoring from the app on the phone, the family watched Hourigan go for hours without any changes. They heard her screaming and yelling at her assiding her, treating her roughly.

They saw another aide woke her up for breakfast and leave the room despite the fact that he opened the door to his heavy apartment and was unable to go to the dining room. “It was traumatic to know that we were right,” Peters said.

In 2016, after filing a police report and lawsuit, Peters helped discover the elder voice advocate after his mother’s death. Minnesota passed in 2019.

Though they are still controversial subjects, care facilities cameras have acquired status. By 2020, eight states will join Minnesota and enact laws that allow them to be made. According to national consumer voices for quality long-term care: Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Washington.

Since then, the pace of legislation has been featured, with nine states in place: Connecticut, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nevada, Ohio, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia and Wyoming. Several other laws are pending.

California and Maryland use guidelines rather than law. State governments in New Jersey and Wisconsin lend cameras to families who are interested in the safety of their loved ones.

But Bill was defeated too. Recently in Arizona. March, second year, Camera invoice It overwhelmingly passed the House of Representatives, but failed to get floor votes in the state Senate.

“My temperatures are getting a little higher now,” said Rep. Quang Nguyen, a Republican, who is the main sponsor of the bill and plans to reintroduce it. He denounced Arizona’s opposition from industry groups, including Reading, representing nonprofit aging service providers, for the failure of the bill to pass.

The American Medical Association, whose members are primarily for commercial use, has not achieved national status on camera. However, the local affiliate also opposed the bill.

“These people who vote for no should be called out publicly and said, ‘You don’t care about the elderly population,'” Ngguen said.

Some camera laws only cover nursing homes, but most also include living support facilities. Most obligations require residents (and roommates) to provide written consent. Some people are looking for signs to warn staff and visitors that their interactions may be recorded.

The law often prohibits tampering with cameras and retaliation against residents who use them, and “contains stories about people who have access to the footage and whether it can be used in lawsuits,” added Lori Smetanka, executive director of National Consumer Voice.

It is unclear how seriously the facility takes these laws. Some relatives In the interviewed report for this article, the administrator said that cameras were not allowed, but never mentioned the issue again. The cameras placed in the room remained.

Why is it a surge in legislative conditions? During the Covid-19 pandemic, families have been locked up from the facility for several months, Smetanka noted. “People are looking at their loved ones.”

The change in technology has probably contributed to Americans as they become more comfortable with video chats and virtual assistants. Cameras are almost ubiquitous in public places, in workplaces, in police cars, in police uniforms and in people’s pockets.

Initially, camera propulsion reflected fears about the safety of loved ones. Kari Shaw’s family, for example, had already been sacrificed by a trusted home care nurse who stole the painkillers her mother had prescribed.

So when Shaw and his sisters, who live in San Diego, moved their mother to life in Maple Grove, Minnesota, they quickly set up a moving camera in her apartment.

Their mother, 91, is severely disabled and uses a wheelchair. “Why wait for something to happen?” Shaw said.

In particular, “people with dementia are at high risk,” added Eilon Caspi, a gerontologist and researcher of elder abuse. “And they may not be able to report the incident or recall the details.”

But these days, families simply use cameras to keep in touch.

Anne Sewardson, who lives in Virginia and France, uses the Echo Show for a video visit with her 96-year-old mother at Memory Care in Fort Collins, Colorado.

Art Siegel and his brother had a hard time talking to their mother, who was 101, who was helping her live in Florida. Her cell phone frequently died as she had forgotten to charge it. “I was worried,” said Siegel, who lives in San Francisco and had to call the facility and ask staff to check on her.

Now, an old-fashioned phone is installed next to her favorite chair, and a chair-trained camera uses a trained camera to know when she can speak.

As Camera discussion Continuing, the central question remains unanswered. Do they enhance the quality of care? “There are studies that are not cited to back up these bills,” said Clara Bellidge, a gerontologist at the University of Washington. We are researching elder care techniques.

“Do cameras actually prevent abuse and neglect? Will the facility change or improve its policies?”

Both camera opponents and supporters cite concerns about the privacy and dignity of residents.

“You should also consider the importance of ensuring privacy during visits related to mental, legal, financial or other personal issues,” Reading spokesperson Lisa Sanders said in a statement.

You can turn off the camera, but it’s probably unrealistic to expect residents and growing staff to do so.

Furthermore, surveillance can treat these staff as “survivors who have to stop bad behavior,” Dr. Bellige said. She has seen facilities that have cameras installed in all residents’ rooms.

Ultimately, experts can’t replace the improved care that hinders problems, even if the camera detects them. It is an effort that requires engagement from families, better staffing by facilities, training, supervision, and more aggressive federal and state oversight.

“I think of cameras as a symptom, not a solution,” Dr. Bellidge said. “It’s a band-aid that can distract you from the difficult question of how to provide high-quality, long-term care.”

The new old age, KFF Health News.

Source: www.nytimes.com

The Significance of Skin Care for Long-Term Wellness

The skin is undoubtedly the body's largest organ. Depending on your height and weight, Covers an area of ​​about 1.5-2 square meters They weigh between 3.5 and 10 kilograms, which is about 15 percent of their total body weight.

Think of it as a kind of intellectual armor. It helps us sense the world around us, protects our internal organs, and protects us from pathogens. This is reason enough to take good care of it, especially for the following reasons: premature skin aging Your ability to perform all of these functions may be reduced and your risk of infection may increase. But new research suggests the effects on skin health may be even more profound.

To understand why, we need to examine its structure. The skin is made up of three layers. The outer waterproof epidermis is constantly regenerated. The dermis underneath is filled with collagen and elastin fibers. And underneath, the subcutaneous tissue, or subcutaneous tissue, is made of fat and connective tissue and is filled with cavities that help cushion the rest of the body from impact. Damage to these layers can cause skin cells to excrete inflammatory proteins. In the short term, this may increase blood flow to the injury site and speed healing. However, if high levels of inflammation are maintained over a long period of time, those chemicals can accumulate and spread to other organs with the help of the vast network of blood vessels within the dermis, causing organ damage. .

accelerated aging

Aging can accelerate this process. As we age, our skin loses collagen, water, and fat and becomes more fragile. To make matters worse, many skin cells enter a state called senescence, where their production of inflammatory chemicals increases. This potentially toxic cocktail appears to amplify the risk of age-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and dementia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for this hypothesis yet, various evidences Now we support it. For example, animal studies have shown that skin damage can cause widespread inflammation. Meanwhile, researchers at Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Does someone's face look older or younger than their actual age? It was associated not only with general cognitive function, but also with an overall risk of developing cataracts, osteoporosis, hearing loss, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

In the future, “aging therapy” drugs may be developed that remove aging cells, including those in the skin, or block the release of inflammatory proteins. these are Still in developmentbut progress is promising. On the other hand, there are many lifestyle changes that can help all of us take care of this important and fascinating organ. Read on to learn more.

Explore the key questions about skincare in our latest special series.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Don’t focus on looks, prioritize skin care for your health

Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Science Photo Library

Our skin is not only our largest organ, but also the one we are most familiar with. We see it, touch it, wash it, and inspect it all the time. Nevertheless, when thinking about taking care of it, our minds often jump to aesthetics. We are inundated with advertisements for lotions and drugs that promise to improve our appearance, as if sexual appeal is all that matters to this special organ.

But there are many reasons to take care of your skin beyond cosmetic concerns. According to new research, this condition can have ripple effects on other parts of the body. Because blood vessels run densely beneath the surface, inflammation that starts in the skin can easily spread to the heart and brain, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. Wrinkles don't just reflect our age, they can actually accelerate the aging process. Therefore, you should think of skin care like exercise. The best reason to take care of your skin isn't for appearance, but for the undeniable health benefits.

Therefore, keeping the epidermis in good condition should be a top priority for anyone who wants to increase their chances of living a long life. That's why we've created a special report summarizing what we know about the best ways to care for your epidermis (see Why caring for your skin is so important to your long-term health).

Taking a scientific approach helps you make informed decisions about new products

As evidence mounts about the importance of skin to general health, research on how to care for it is moving from a marketing campaign for health care products to the realm of proper scientific research.

For example, certain foods have been shown to reduce damage from air pollution and the sun's UV rays, and more regular contact with nature may help nurture your microbiome. Taking a scientific approach can also help you evaluate new trends and fashions, allowing you to make informed decisions about products and services that are proven to work, not just claims of quick fixes. Masu.

Beauty may not be superficial, but our desire to protect our bodies from the outside and inside is never shallow. It may save our skin in various ways.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Can you trust a robot to care for your cat?

Created by scientists and explosion theory artists from the University of Nottingham cat royale is a multispecies world centered around a custom-built enclosure where three cats and a robotic arm coexist for six hours a day during a 12-day installation period.

Professor Steve Benford from the University of Nottingham and colleagues said: “Robots are finding a place in everyday life, from cleaning houses to mowing the lawn, shopping around hospitals and delivering parcels.”

“In doing so, they will inevitably have interactions and encounters with animals.”

“They could be companion animals, pets that share a home, guide dogs that help people navigate public places, but they could also be wild animals.”

“Often these encounters are unplanned and incidental to the robot’s primary mission, such as navigating a world inhabited by cats riding Roombas, guide dogs confused by delivery robots, and lawn mowing robots. Such as a hedgehog.”

“But it could also be intentional. We could also design robots to serve animals.”

“Little is known about how to design robots for animals, even though such encounters are inevitable, whether planned or not. Can you do that?

“We present Cat Royale, a creative quest to design a domestic robot to enrich cats’ lives through play.”

schneiders other. It suggests we need more than carefully designed robots to care for cats. In addition to human interaction, the environment in which the robot operates is also important. Image credit: Schneiders other., doi: 10.1145/3613904.3642115.

Cat Royale was unveiled at the World Science Festival in Brisbane, Australia in 2023, has been touring ever since, and just won a Webby Award for its creative experience.

The installation centers around a robotic arm that provides activities to make cats happier, including dragging a “mouse” toy along the floor and raising a feathered “bird” into the air. , which included feeding the cat treats.

The team then trained the AI to learn which games cats liked best so they could personalize their experience.

“At first glance, this project is about designing a robot that can play with cats and enrich the lives of families,” Professor Benford says.

“But beneath the surface, we are exploring the question of what it takes to entrust robots to care for our loved ones, and in some cases, ourselves.”

By working with Blast Theory to develop and study Cat Royale, researchers gained important insights into robot design and interaction with cats.

They had to design a robot that would pick up toys and deploy them in a way that excited the cats, all while learning which games each cat liked.

They also designed an entire world for the cat and robot to live in, providing a safe space for the cat to observe and sneak around the robot, and decorating it so that the robot had the best chance of spotting the approaching cat. did.

This means that robot design involves not only engineering and AI, but also interior design.

If you want to bring a robot into your home to take care of your loved ones, you will likely need to redesign your home.

Dr Ike Schneiders, a researcher at the University of Nottingham, said: ‘As we learned through Cat Royale, to create a multi-species system where cats, robots and humans are all taken into account, you simply need to design robots. That’s not enough.”

“We needed to ensure the animal’s health at all times, while also ensuring that the interactive installation would attract a global (human) audience.”

“Many factors were considered in this, including the design of the enclosure, the robot and its underlying systems, the different roles of the humans, and of course the selection of the cat.”

The authors announced their results in CHI 2024 meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii.

_____

Ike Schneiders other. Design multispecies worlds for robots, cats, and humans. CHI ’24: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. article #593; doi: 10.1145/3613904.3642115

Source: www.sci.news

UK Social Care Planning: Caution Urged on Use of Unregulated AI Chatbots | Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Carers in desperate situations throughout the UK require all the assistance they can receive. However, researchers argue that the AI revolution in social care needs a strong ethical foundation and should not involve the utilization of unregulated AI bots.

A preliminary study conducted by researchers at the University of Oxford revealed that some care providers are utilizing generative AI chatbots like ChatGPT and Bard to develop care plans for their recipients.

Dr. Caroline Green, an early research fellow at Oxford University’s Institute of AI Ethics, highlighted the potential risk to patient confidentiality posed by this practice. She mentioned that personal data fed to generative AI chatbots is used to train language models, raising concerns about data exposure.

Dr. Green further expressed that caregivers acting on inaccurate or biased information from AI-generated care plans could inadvertently cause harm. Despite the risks, AI offers benefits such as streamlining administrative tasks and allowing for more frequent care plan updates.

Technologies based on large-scale language models are already making their way into healthcare and care settings. PainCheck, for instance, utilizes AI-trained facial recognition to identify signs of pain in non-verbal individuals. Other innovations like OxeHealth’s OxeVision assist in monitoring patient well-being.

Various projects are in development, including Sentai, a care monitoring system for individuals without caregivers, and a device from the Bristol Robotics Institute to enhance safety for people with memory loss.


Concerns exist within the creative industries about AI potentially replacing human workers, while the social care sector faces a shortage of workers. The utilization of AI in social care presents challenges that need to be addressed.

Lionel Tarasenko, professor of engineering at Oxford University Leuven, emphasized the importance of upskilling individuals in social care to adapt to AI technologies. He shared a personal experience of caring for a loved one with dementia and highlighted the potential benefits of AI tools in enhancing caregiving.

Co-host Mark Topps expressed concerns from social care workers about unintentionally violating regulations and risking disqualification by using AI technology. Regulators are urged to provide guidance to ensure responsible AI use in social care.


Efforts are underway to develop guidelines for responsible AI use in social care, with collaboration from various organizations in the sector. The aim is to establish enforceable guidelines defining responsible AI use in social care.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Indian teenager creates ground-breaking device with potential to revolutionize dementia care on a global scale

IDuring the blissful summer that Hemesh Chadarabada spent with his grandmother in 2018, they watched endless movies and ate her grandmother's chicken biryani. Late one evening, while Chadaravada, then 12, was sitting alone in front of the television, Jayasree got up in her nightgown and went to her home in Guntur, southern India, to make her a cup of tea. Ta.

After returning to her bedroom, Chadarabada went into the kitchen and noticed that her grandmother, then 63, had left the gas on.

“She was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and I was still in shock. What would have happened if I hadn't been there?” Chadaravada says.

Chadarabada shows her grandmother the prototype of the device. Photo: Handout

Chadaravada knows that Jayasree is not only a loving grandmother but also a dynamic and successful woman with a high-profile career as a civil servant who interacted with Telangana's top politicians and policy makers. Ta.

But Alzheimer's disease changed her forever. “She would wake up at 3 or 4 in the morning and she would go outside thinking she was on the train,” he says.

During that happy summer, Chadarabada, a self-confessed geek from Hyderabad who loves robotics, decided he wanted to invent a device to help people like his grandmother.

Now 17 years old, Chadarabada is ready to start building a device to detect falls and wandering in Alzheimer's patients, something that is not possible with currently available devices.

Light and compact, Alpha Monitor can be worn as a badge or armband and sounds an alarm when the wearer begins to move, alerting caregivers if the patient falls or wanders.

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Most similar devices work over Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, so if a person moves outside of the frequency's restricted range, they lose connectivity and, with it, monitoring. However, Alpha Monitor Lolait uses.

Chadarabada taught himself by watching YouTube videos about robotics and electronics and developed 20 prototypes.

Understanding the needs of Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease in India) patients Estimated 8.8 million people), spent time at a day center run by the Alzheimer's Disease Related Disorders Association of India.