Astronomers Say: Infant Space Is Warm, Not Cold, Before It Begins to Illuminate

Astronomers utilizing CSIRO’s Murchison Wide Field Array (MWA) telescope are on the quest to uncover the elusive period of reionization. This early stage in the universe’s history has been theorized but remains undetected by radio telescopes. This period marks the end of the universe’s dark ages, occurring approximately a billion years post-Big Bang, during which intergalactic gases transform from opaque to transparent, enabling light from the first stars and galaxies to permeate the cosmos.

A glimpse of the sky observed in radio waves by the Murchison Wide Field Array. Image credit: Nunhokee et al. / ICRAR / Curtin University.

“Our research was conducted in two phases,” stated Dr. Riddhima Nunhokey, an astronomer at Curtin University Node of the International Center for Radio Astronomical Research for All Sky Astrophysics (ICRAR).

“In the initial phase, we discovered the first signs of heating in the intergalactic gas—the intergalactic medium—around 800 million years after the Big Bang.”

“To examine this primordial phase of the universe, we must isolate faint signals from this epoch while eliminating all other sources of cosmic radio emissions.”

“These sources include emissions from nearby celestial bodies, interference from Earth’s atmosphere, and even noise generated by the telescope itself.”

“Only after meticulously subtracting these ‘foreground signals’ can we discern the signals from the era of reionization.”

“From this study, we have developed methods to manage foreground contamination and remove unwanted signals, thus enhancing our understanding of telescopes and improving the clarity of detected signals.”

“We are also able to integrate nearly a decade’s worth of MWA data, allowing us to make observations over a longer timeframe than before.”

“This is another reason we are closer than ever to detecting the signals.”

The team asserts that the enhanced quality and quantity of this new dataset made this discovery feasible.

The cold universe is producing signals that resemble these new data.

This absence of signals indicates that reionization must have commenced from a “cold start,” implying that the universe was “preheated” prior to the reionization phase.

“As the universe expands, intergalactic gases cool down, and thus we expect them to become extremely cold,” explained Professor Cathryn Trott, an astronomer at ICRAR’s Curtin University Node, associated with Astro 3D and the Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy.

“Our measurements suggest that there is a certain level of heating present. While it may not be substantial, it does indicate that extremely cold reionization is unlikely, and that’s quite intriguing.”

“This study implies that this heating is probably influenced by energy from early black holes and primordial X-ray sources resulting from stellar remnants spread across the universe.”

The findings are presented in two papers in the Astrophysical Journal.

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CD Nunhokee et al. 2025. The 21 cm power spectrum limit of z = 6.5–7.0 based on Murchison wide field array observations. APJ 989, 57; doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adda45

Cathryn M. Trott et al. 2025. Utilizing Gaussian information to enhance the limit of the 21 cm signal at z = 6.5–7.0 using Murchison wide field array data. APJ 991, 211; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adff80

Source: www.sci.news

For Trump, a New Era of Trade Begins with Technology’s Most Diverse Innovations

The regulations aimed to ensure that the largest data centers in the world were constructed by the United States and its allies, rather than by nations in the Middle East or elsewhere. Officials in the Biden administration expressed concerns about the authoritarian inclinations of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, as well as their connections with China. They contended that these rules might restrict access to AI chips and data centers in other countries, subsequently bolstering Beijing’s strategic and military capabilities.

Set to take effect on May 15, the regulations permitted unlimited sales of AI chips to 18 allied nations, including the UK, Germany, and Japan, while prohibiting sales to China, Iran, and other adversaries. Nations such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, India, Israel, and Poland would face limitations on their chip purchases, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.

Jim Secre, the former vice-chief of staff at the Commerce Department, remarked that the regulations are designed to safeguard national security and influence the future of critical technologies. In the absence of these regulations, the combination of inexpensive energy and capital abroad could result in more data centers being established outside the US than within its borders.

“Controlling AI is the geopolitical challenge of our time,” he stated.

Companies like Nvidia and Oracle have raised objections to the regulations, arguing that they hinder the leadership of US technology. Officials from the Trump administration appeared to share this sentiment. On Wednesday, the current administration announced plans to introduce new regulations to replace the existing framework, though no timeline for these changes was specified.

“The Biden AI regulations are excessively complicated and bureaucratic, potentially stifling American innovation,” stated Ben Kass, a spokesperson for the Department of Commerce, which oversees technology policy. “We are focused on advancing US leadership and replacing it with a more straightforward and transparent framework that maximizes the potential of American AI innovation.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

Tech Industry Begins to Support President-Elect as Amazon Contributes $1 million to Inaugural Fund

Amazon is the latest tech giant to donate to Donald Trump’s inaugural fund.

Reports indicate that the company plans to donate $1 million to the fund, as first reported by the Wall Street Journal. Following in Meta’s footsteps, Facebook’s parent company, which also donated $1 million to President Trump’s inaugural committee, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman announced that he would make a personal donation of $1 million. This was reported by Fox News.

As President Trump prepares for his second term, several major tech companies are showing support in hopes of gaining favor for their businesses. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is scheduled to meet with President Trump next week, and Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently dined with him at his Mar-a-Lago mansion. Google CEO Sundar Pichai is also expected to meet the president soon, according to reports. Time magazine, owned by Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff, even named Trump its “Person of the Year.”

Altman of OpenAI expressed his belief that Trump will lead the country in technological advancement. In a statement to the Guardian, Altman said, “President Trump will lead our country into the age of AI, and I look forward to supporting his efforts to ensure the United States stays ahead.”

Donating to inaugural committees is a common practice for large companies seeking to establish rapport with the incoming administration. Amazon, for example, donated $57,746 to President Trump’s first inaugural fund in 2017, according to Open Secrets. Google and Microsoft also made donations, while Mehta confirmed to the Guardian that he did not donate that year.

Amazon stated that during Joe Biden’s 2021 inauguration, the administration declined donations from technology companies, as reported by the Wall Street Journal.

Allegedly, Trump plans to offer additional perks to donors who contribute at least $1 million to his inaugural committee, including access to various events around the inauguration, dinners with Trump, Cabinet nominations, and a dinner with J.D. Vance, according to the New York Times.

Bezos, who owns the Washington Post, has been a target of Trump’s criticism. However, before the election, the Washington Post decided not to endorse a presidential candidate, likely in an attempt to avoid provoking Trump, as reported by The Washington Post.

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After Trump’s victory, Bezos and Amazon CEO Andy Jassy expressed their support for the new administration. Bezos praised Trump for the opportunities ahead, while Jassy celebrated the victory and expressed eagerness to collaborate with the administration. Amazon’s stock price reportedly rose by 14% after the election.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Tech Consultant on Trial for Cash App Founder’s Death Defends Himself as Trial Begins

Nima Momeni’s lawyer asserted in his opening statement that the technology consultant accused of stabbing Cash App founder Bob Lee had no motive to kill him and was actually defensive during a multi-day drug raid, claiming he needed to defend himself from Mr. Lee on Monday.

Prosecutors claim that Momeni, 40, orchestrated the April 4, 2023 attack following an altercation over his sister, Hazard, who was acquainted with Lee. Allegedly, Momeni retrieved a knife from a special kit in his sister’s apartment, pursued Lee to a secluded area, stabbed him three times, and fled.

“He was stabbed in the heart and left for dead,” Assistant District Attorney Omid Tarai stated. “The victim sustained multiple stab wounds, including one to the chest, one to the lower back, and crucially one to the heart.”

Lee’s untimely death at 43, after seeking aid on a vacant street in downtown San Francisco, deeply impacted the tech sector, with colleagues remembering the charismatic entrepreneur’s benevolence and skill. At the time of his demise, Lee held the position of chief product officer at the cryptocurrency platform MobileCoin and was a father of two.


Judge Alexandra Gordon informed the jury that the highly anticipated trial, commencing Monday at the San Francisco Superior Court, is anticipated to span two months. Momeni, a resident near Emeryville, California, has been detained since his apprehension shortly after Lee’s passing in a San Francisco medical facility.

Momeni has pleaded not guilty, and if convicted, he faces a potential sentence of 26 years to life imprisonment.

Attorney Saam Zangeneh told the jury that Mr. Momeni harbored no animosity towards Mr. Lee and that the circumstances compelled him to safeguard himself after brandishing a knife while under the influence of drugs and sleep-deprived. Zangeneh indicated that the defense would substantiate his claims that Momeni had indulged in an extended narcotics binge.

“We believe that once the evidence is presented and any ambiguities resolved, the only justifiable verdict in this case is one of innocence,” Zangeneh declared. “A life has been lost. No one condones that, but the right to self-defense must be recognized.”

Throughout prior court appearances, Momeni, dressed in an orange prison garment, attended with his lawyer donned in a formal ensemble. His mother, a constant presence at hearings, was also in attendance.

Seated on the opposite side of the courtroom were Mr. Lee’s relatives, including his ex-wife, father, and brother. As a recording of Lee’s distress call played in court, Lee’s brother comforted their father. In the call, Lee implored for assistance while unable to provide his location or identity, conveying that he had been attacked.

Assistant District Attorney Tarai mentioned that the jury would hear testimony from a friend present with Lee and Momeni’s sister a day before the altercation. Tarai alleged that Momeni verbally attacked Lee over the phone that evening, discussing his sister, drugs, and inappropriate subjects, with Lee exhibiting composure. Tarai insinuated that the friend would portray Momeni as a possessive individual striving to display toughness.

Mr. Zangeneh dismissed the credibility of the friend as a witness and contended that Momeni and Lee had exchanged amicable emails on that evening. Zangeneh suggested that Lee probably invited Momeni to the club.

CCTV footage from Lee’s final night depicted his entry into the opulent Millennium Tower where Momeni’s sister and her spouse, a prominent San Francisco plastic surgeon, resided. The footage captured Lee and Momeni departing the premises around 2 a.m. and driving off together in Momeni’s vehicle.

Tarai noted another video depicting two individuals exiting a car at a remote location along the Bay Bridge, with Momeni stabbing Lee thrice and discarding a knife from his sister’s kitchen set moments later, followed by his escape. Tarai revealed intentions of unveiling text messages sent by Momeni to his sister, alleging a harassment claim the subsequent morning when Momeni expressed uncertainty regarding Lee’s fate but accused Lee of assaulting Hazard.

The defense cited a video capturing Momeni being surveilled by San Francisco police detectives pre-arrest, purportedly reenacting the stabbing outside his former law firm thrice. However, the defense noted a lack of reenactment concerning the initial knife confrontation as claimed by Momeni’s attorney.

A knife with a 10cm blade was recovered at the remote location where Lee was assaulted. Prosecutors asserted that forensic tests exhibited Momeni’s DNA on the weapon handle and Lee’s DNA on the blood-stained blade.

Zangeneh indicated on Monday that the police should have screened the steering wheel for Lee’s fingerprints. He derided the notion that Momeni employed a trivial kitchen knife to perpetrate the assault, emphasizing Momeni’s perceived unawareness of Lee’s dire condition.

He expressed Momeni’s desire to elucidate his perspective yet remained undecided on Momeni’s potential testimony for the defense.

Momeni and Lee’s families opted not to comment on Monday.

Source: www.theguardian.com

First union recognition vote begins for Amazon UK employees

GMB officials recently visited Amazon UK’s Coventry site, initiating a month-long balloting process that brings workers closer to gaining union recognition for the first time.

This move follows Amazon’s rejection of voluntary recognition, leading to an independent central arbitration panel granting GMB the right to hold a legally binding vote.

If employees vote in favor of recognition, GMB will represent them in negotiations regarding pay and working conditions, a historic first for Amazon in the UK.

Over 2,000 employees will participate in meetings with union representatives and company officials, presenting their cases starting Wednesday. The voting process will take place in workplaces from July 8th, with results announced after July 15th.

Amanda Gearing, senior GMB organiser, noted Amazon’s resistance to unionization efforts but highlighted the determination of Coventry workers to improve their conditions.

The ongoing struggle includes union members in Coventry facing challenges like QR codes revoking their union membership and strikes demanding higher wages and a seat at the negotiation table.

Black Friday actions last year saw union members from the US and Europe supporting Coventry workers, showcasing international solidarity in the fight for workers’ rights.

GMB’s success at Amazon’s New York site serves as a model for Coventry workers as they strive for recognition and fair representation.

The GMB aims to secure a majority vote in favor of recognition with at least 40% of frontline workers supporting the decision.

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The Labour Party’s commitment to empowering trade unions reflects a broader push for worker rights and representation.

The TUC’s general secretary, Paul Nowak, emphasized the importance of workers securing better pay and conditions through unionization, countering Amazon’s anti-union tactics.

In response, an Amazon spokesperson highlighted the company’s minimum wage increase and emphasized employees’ choice in joining a union.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Countdown Begins: World’s First Bitcoin Blockchain ICO Nears End – Latest Blockchain Updates, Analysis, and Opportunities

London, UK, March 8, 2024, Chainwire

Bitcoin Dogs, the first ICO in the history of the Bitcoin blockchain, has announced the end date of its presale as March 15th, with seven days remaining.

The project raised over $8.1 million within 23 days, with investors purchasing 0DOG tokens.

With the community built to 150,000 in just three weeks and over 10,000 buyers to date, the team hopes to continue this momentum and growth.

Built on Bitcoin

Powered by 0DOG tokens, Bitcoin Dogs is both a GameFi experience centered around raising and training virtual dogs and a 10,000-strong NFT collection minted in BRC-20. The incredible reception from the cryptocurrency community is due not only to his innovative approach to modern Bitcoin development, but also to his fun retro graphics, focus on the community, and the way players interact with his PvP contests. This is brought about by the chance to get his 0DOG.

The game will begin beta testing in Q2, with 10,000 Ordinals NFTs being launched simultaneously, giving token holders early access to the collection. Full details of the project concept and roadmap can be found at white paperthe team is taking questions on our social channels.

Shaping the history of BRC-20

810 million tokens are available in the pre-sale. This is 90% of the total supply of 900 million, which is equivalent to the total number of dogs on the planet (“One token for every nose and foot on the planet.”).

Complementing this attractive proposition is a unique purchasing methodology, all explained at Bitcoin Dogs. How to purchase video. Bitcoin Dogs navigates the logistics of this, his first-ever ICO on the BTC blockchain, with grace. Pre-sale purchases can be made via Ethereum and a range of ERC-20 stablecoins.

These will then be converted into BRC-20 0DOG tokens once the pre-sale is complete. Investors must provide a Bitcoin address at the time of purchase.

Ordinals and the BRC-20 token revolution are technologies made possible by implementing data into Bitcoin's smallest unit, the Satoshi.

These additions to the original blockchain bring new functionality and utility to Bitcoin while maintaining the security and permanence that are hallmarks of the chain. BRC-20 token We have enjoyed large-scale rallies in recent months. ordinal number NFTs are expected to lead the market until 2024.

The project has also been mentioned in major publications such as CoinTelegraph, Bitcoin.com, DeCrypt, CoinMarketCap, and many others, and has achieved viral success on social media and major influencers. @MrX_Crypto, @BscSuperAltcoinand @BscGemX1000expressed support.

0DOG is currently available for purchase for $0.0343, and the pre-sale ends on March 15th, with a final price of $0.0404.

0DOG can be purchased below. Bitcoin Dogs website Until March 15th.

About Bitcoin Dog

Bitcoin Dogs is breaking new ground in the Bitcoin ecosystem. For the first time ever, NFTs, games, and a new type of token come together to deliver the first ICO on the original Bitcoin blockchain. Bitcoin's true permissionless immutability has been leveraged to create the 0DOG token, and a play-to-earn (P2E) gaming experience and NFT collection has been developed exclusively for his 0DOG holders.

For more information and to buy Bitcoin Dog (0DOG), visit: Website.

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Source: the-blockchain.com