STAR detector of the relativistic heavy ion collider
Brookhaven National Laboratory
We are making strides toward comprehending when the powerful nuclear force weakens its influence on the most basic components of matter, causing quarks and gluons within particles to suddenly morph into a hot soup of particles.
There exist unique combinations of temperature and pressure where all three phases of water (liquid, ice, and vapor) coexist simultaneously. For years, scientists have sought similar “critical points” in matter impacted by the potent nuclear force that binds quarks and gluons into protons and neutrons.
In a particle collider, when ions collide, the strong force is disrupted, resulting in a state where quarks and gluons form a soup-like “quark-gluon plasma.” However, it remains uncertain if there is a tipping point preceding this transition. Shinto Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California are getting closer to unraveling this mystery.
They assessed the number and distribution of particles produced after the collision of two high-energy gold ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Dong mentioned they were essentially attempting to formulate a phase diagram for quarks and gluons, depicting what types of matter are generated by strong forces under varied conditions. Although the new experiment did not definitively locate the critical point on this diagram, it significantly narrowed the possible area for its existence.
The phase diagram indicates a region where the material gradually “melts” into plasma, akin to butter softening on a countertop, but a critical point would correspond to a more sudden transition, similar to a chunk of ice unexpectedly forming in liquid water. Agnieszka Sorensen from the Rare Isotope Beam Facility in Michigan, which was not part of the study, stated that this new experiment not only guides researchers in pinpointing this critical point but also uncovers which particle properties might best indicate its presence.
Claudia Ratti from the University of Houston in Texas emphasized that many researchers eagerly anticipated the new analysis due to its precision, which surpasses that of previous measurements, particularly in parts of phase diagrams difficult to theoretically compute. She noted that several predictions regarding the critical point’s location have recently converged, and the challenge for experimenters will now be to analyze data at even lower collision energies that align with these predictions.
Dong remarked that the clear detection of the tipping point would mark a generational milestone. This is significant as the only fundamental force suspected of possessing a critical point is the strong force, which has played a crucial role in the universe’s formation. It governs the characteristics of the hot, dense matter created shortly after the Big Bang and continues to influence the structure of neutron stars. Dong concluded that collider experiments like this one could deepen our understanding of these exotic celestial objects once the strong force phase diagram is finalized.
Elon Musk and Donald Trump have ended their friendship. Tensions flared between them mid-week, with both exchanging sharp criticisms. Four days after their public clash, I declare Musk the loser of this battle; the seemingly unstoppable force has met its match with the immovable object.
According to colleagues Hugo Lowell and Andrew Ross: On Thursday, Elon Musk mocked Donald Trump’s bounce by commenting on his connection with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The US president threatened to revoke federal contracts and tax incentives for Musk’s companies during this extraordinary social media spat that erupted among his former allies. This latest jab at Trump highlights Musk’s criticism of a Republican spending bill.
“Without me, Trump would lose the election, the Democrats would gain control of the House, and Republicans would be 51-49 in the Senate,” Musk tweeted on X.
The repercussions were swift. Tesla’s stock, already grappling with difficulties, plunged 15%, wiping approximately $150 billion off the market. The implications for Trump and the Republican Party could take longer to unfold, as the midterm elections for the US Congress won’t occur until later next year.
When Trump and Musk were allies, many liberals predicted a tumultuous public fallout. I didn’t anticipate such an outcome. Musk appeared robust and allied with the formidable Trump. The Republican campaign needed a substantial cash influx, which Musk could provide.
However, Trump revealed last week that several of his closest advisers have left dramatically, victims of what he termed “Trump craziness.” Musk seems to follow a similar pattern. A notable example is Steve Bannon, once a top strategist for Trump, who was ousted from the White House but is now hosting a podcast scrutinizing Trump’s actions. Bannon spent last week calling for Musk’s ousting. Trump, not realizing he is often the common denominator in these fiery departures, appears similar to Musk; by Sunday, he had tweeted about the Los Angeles riots, retweeting Vice President JD Vance with patriotic emojis while targeting California Governor Gavin Newsom.
The conflict between Musk and Trump underlined America’s dependency on a single company for its space capabilities. During his outburst, Musk threatened to dismantle SpaceX’s Dragon Rocket. What would the nation do without him? In a pinch, perhaps another billionaire with a rocket could suffice, even with a pop star on board.
Trump and Musk will shake hands at the NCAA Division I Wrestling Championship in Philadelphia on March 22nd. Photo: Kayla Bartkowski/Getty Images
This spat has also brought to light Musk’s relative vulnerabilities. Musk threatened to dismantle the Dragon Rocket and quickly backed down from his ultimatum regarding requests on X. Meanwhile, Trump has remained silent online, not retaliating against Musk. This indicates the overarching theme of his second administration; Musk often targets those with less power and wealth, but when faced with significant challenges, he retreats. Recall his enthusiastic challenge to Mark Zuckerberg about arranging a cage fight in 2023. Zuckerberg responded, both intrigued and more robust, while Musk seemed outmatched. He eventually backed down. As for Trump, he claims he could save money by canceling government contracts with Musk. Musk replied, “Make my day,” but subsequently scaled back his threats.
In the long term, what does this tragic unraveling of alliances mean for Trump and Musk? To date, Musk has reportedly lost about $90 billion in net worth, an astounding figure according to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index. He remains the world’s wealthiest individual with nearly $100 billion.
Perhaps the bigger loser is democracy itself. Recently, he polled his followers about establishing a centrist political party he wants to call the “American Party.” He possesses the resources to make it a reality but has not indicated any centrist political inclinations over the past two years. His presence in political gatherings has proven more repulsive than magnetic, significantly affecting key elections like the Wisconsin Supreme Court contest earlier this year.
Read more about how the Trump-Musk feud reveals the perils of concentrating power in one individual here.
Read more about the mutual damage inflicted by Trump and Musk here.
Discover more about the economic consequences of their feud concerning Tesla here.
AI isn’t as capable of making movies as executives claim
Director John Wick and Chad Stahelsky. Photo: David Lee/Thunder Road Pictures/Allstar
Last Thursday, I attended a showcase featuring eight short films generated using the Runway Artificial Intelligence tool. In a pre-screening discussion, Runway’s co-founder and chief design officer Alejandro Matamala-Ortiz stated that the two-hour AI-generated film was “close.” Lionsgate executives explained to New York Magazine that there are many invisible production processes beyond just the final footage shown in theaters. Lionsgate has entered a contract with Runway, using some of its archives to train AI for cutting-edge projects.
The film I observed had a quality that echoed the executives’ comments on AI. Six of the eight shorts evoked little emotion. They lacked character and depth, resembling placeholders. While AI can create any imaginable image, the film lacked true creativity. The smooth, composite textures from multiple AI-generated images rendered them as intriguing and stylish as a basic first draft. If directors don’t take the time to elevate their work beyond a typical mid-journey output, why would anyone want to watch them? One film, an anime revenge story centered around cherry blossom trees, made me chuckle. Another claimed to document the sporadic emergence of cicadas but primarily featured lens flares. It felt reminiscent of a mid-tier student film; most entries were muddled, and the cinematography lacked distinct perspectives. Runway claimed to have received 6,000 submissions from 300 creators in 2022. I shiver at the thought of a Clockwork Orange-style scenario where someone had to view all those entries.
After viewing these shorts, I believed they resembled student films, potentially due to the early stages of production techniques that filmmakers are grappling with. Since its submission to the IT Film Festival in April, Runway has introduced new features to its tools, with Google recently releasing its own video generation tool, Veo 3. The output is more refined compared to what I viewed last week.
The remaining two films ventured into compelling territories. One was a video essay titled Total Pixel Space, which proved to be thought-provoking. This meditation on the nature of AI-generated images emphasized how few images we encounter in realistic situations versus those that never happened, offering unfortunate insights into our visual culture.
“Total Pixel Space represents both ultimate determinism and ultimate freedom, laden with possibilities that await consciousness to shape meaning through choices,” the film’s narration stated. I noted that it highlights AI-rendered images confined to pixel parameters on screens but unable to exist physically. Considering our mortality, the film poses a poignant question: how will you utilize your time and choices? What do you choose to imbue with meaning?
“Total Pixel Space” won the Grand Prize in the contest. While it was a triumph, the film poses a specific challenge to Matamala-Ortiz’s viewpoint. If one extrapolates from the film festival output, will you really witness a two-hour video essay delineating the trajectory AI films will take? It’s rather rare for such a film to maintain interest for that long.
Another editor developed a character and her inner life—a fundamental requirement for live-action films—yet this seems an insurmountable hurdle in AI-produced cinema. AI struggles to recreate consistent facial expressions across various scenarios. Despite these limitations, I still advocate for short films. Occasionally, a surge of creativity produces stunning montages, capable of suggesting interdimensional travel. AI can produce hundreds of diverse backgrounds in seconds, achieving scenes that would otherwise require significant budgets. Editing can utilize these capabilities for impactful effects. Perhaps that’s the ultimate goal of AI: serving as an enhancer rather than a sole creator. Lionsgate’s VP remarked on similar ideas, indicating that AI tools can make a $100 million film appear even larger and more cinematic. “We amplify elements, ensuring a more significant, filmic experience,” he told New York.
This week’s AI News
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Photo: Guardian
The Guardian has introduced a new feature within its app, developed in collaboration with computer scientists from Cambridge University.
The secure messaging function allows you to send messages to Guardian staff directly through the app, presenting a potential channel for news stories. To utilize this feature, tap on the three bars located at the bottom right of the Guardian app, scroll down to “More From the Guardian,” and select “Secure Messaging.” By saving a passphrase—consisting of randomly generated words—you can then create a secure channel for your messages. Sending a message to the Guardian operates similarly to ordinary app traffic, providing a layer of anonymity not found in traditional texting. Unlike conventional messages, secure messaging masks your activity on your device, making it appear as though you’re simply browsing the news.
For more detailed information about secure messaging, click here.
Numerous prominent figures and organizations from the UK’s creative sector, such as Coldplay, Paul McCartney, Dua Lipa, Ian McKellen, and the Royal Shakespeare Company, have called on the Prime Minister to safeguard artists’ copyright rather than cater to Big Tech’s interests.
In an open letter addressed to Keir Starmer, many notable artists express that their creative livelihoods are at risk. This concern arises from ongoing discussions regarding a government initiative that would permit artificial intelligence companies to utilize copyrighted works without consent.
The letter characterizes copyright as the “lifeline” of their profession, cautioning in a highlighted message that the proposed legislative change may jeopardize the UK’s status as a key player in the creative industry.
“Catering to a select few dominant foreign tech firms risks undermining our growth potential, as it threatens our future income, our position as a creative leader, and diminishes the value and legal standards we hold dear,” the letter asserts.
The letter encourages the government to accept amendments to the data bill suggested by crossbench peers and prominent advocate Beavan Kidron. Kidron, who spearheaded the artists’ letter, is advocating for changes that would necessitate AI firms to disclose the copyrighted works they incorporate into their models.
A united call to lawmakers across the political spectrum in both houses is made to push for reform: “We urge you to vote in favor of the UK’s creative sector. Supporting our creators is crucial for future generations. Our creations are not for your appropriation.”
With representation spanning music, theater, film, literature, art, and media, over 400 signatories include notable names like Elton John, the Isiglo River, Annie Lennox, Rachel Whitehead, Janet Winterson, the National Theatre, and the News Media Association.
The proposed Kidron amendment is set for Senate voting on Monday, yet the government has already declared its opposition, asserting that the current consultation process is adequate for discussing modifications to copyright law aimed at protecting creators’ rights.
Under current government proposals, AI companies are permitted to utilize copyrighted materials without authorization unless copyright holders actively “opt out” by demonstrating their refusal to allow their work to be utilized without proper compensation.
Giles Martin, a music producer and son of Beatles producer George Martin, mentioned to the Guardian that the opt-out proposal may be impractical for emerging artists.
“When Paul McCartney wrote ‘Yesterday’, his first thought was about ‘how to record this,’ not ‘how to prevent people from stealing it,'” Martin remarked.
Kidron pointed out that the letter’s signatories are advocating to secure a positive future for the upcoming generation of creators and innovators.
Supporters of the Kidron Amendment argue that this change will ensure that creatives receive fair compensation for the use of their work in training AI models through licensing agreements.
Generation AI models refer to the technology powering robust tools like ChatGPT and SUNO music creation tools, which require extensive data training to produce outputs. The primary sources of this data encompass online platforms, including Wikipedia, YouTube, newspaper articles, and digital book archives.
The government has introduced an amendment to the data bill that will commit to conducting economic impact assessments regarding the proposal. A source close to technology secretary Peter Kyle indicated to the Guardian that the opt-out system is no longer his preferred approach.
The official site is evaluating four options. The other three alternatives to the “opt-out” scenario include requiring AI companies to obtain licenses for using copyrighted works and enabling AI firms to utilize such works without creators or individuals needing to opt out.
A spokesperson for the government stated: “Uncertainty surrounding the copyright framework is hindering the growth of the AI and creative sectors. This cannot continue, but it’s evident that changes will not be considered unless they thoroughly benefit creators.”
Emotional ads featuring Katie, a young woman diagnosed with a kidney disease at age 19, have been running on Facebook and Instagram for the past month.
She credits a stranger’s kidney with saving her life, highlighting the impact Tiktok has had on people’s lives. The app is positioning itself as a savior and small business supporter amidst concerns about Chinese ownership.
Despite federal laws requiring Tiktok to sell to non-Chinese owners by April 5, the company is pushing back with a new ad campaign emphasizing its role in American lives and businesses.
Tiktok’s marketing efforts have ramped up in recent months, with the app spending millions on ads and working to reassure creators about its future in the US.
In response to legal challenges threatening its existence, Tiktok has dramatically increased its advertising spending and engagement with policymakers.
Experts and creators alike are watching Tiktok’s moves closely as the app navigates uncertain regulatory waters while continuing to operate and advertise in the US.
Tiktok’s future remains uncertain as it faces pressure to sell to non-Chinese owners amidst concerns about data security and China’s influence.
The company is making efforts to reassure users and advertisers while also engaging with policymakers to shape its fate.
Tiktok is positioning itself as a key player in the digital advertising space, with plans to participate in major industry events and continue engaging with creators and brands.
While Tiktok faces uncertainty about its future, the company remains focused on supporting small businesses and engaging with policymakers to shape its fate.
Tiktok’s ad blitz and engagement with policymakers reflect the company’s efforts to address concerns and shape its future in the US market.
Dr. Ross Young at the University of Adelaide and colleagues at the QCDSF collaboration are investigating the structure of the subatomic problem, which seeks to provide further insight into the powers that underpin the natural world. Their results are perhaps the smallest force field map ever produced in nature.
Distribution of the Colour Lorenz forces acting on the unpolarized quarks of the lateral plane (indicated by vector fields) superimposed on the upper Quark density distribution in the impact parameter space of the unpolarized protons. Image credits: Crawford et al. , doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.071901.
“We used a powerful computational technique called lattice quantum chromodynamics to map the forces acting within protons,” Dr. Young said.
“This approach allows us to decompose space and time into fine grids and simulate how strong forces (the fundamental interaction that links quarks to protons and neutrons) change in different regions within the proton. I'll do it.”
“Our findings show that even on these tiny scales, the forces involved reach immeasurable, up to 500,000 Newtons, equivalent to about 10 elephants, in spaces much smaller than the nucleus. It has become clear that it is being compressed,” said the University of Adelaide. D. Student Joshua Crawford.
These force maps provide a new way to understand the complex internal dynamics of protons, and why it works in experiments investigating the basic structure of high-energy collisions and materials such as CERN's large hadron criders. It helps to explain.
“Edison didn't invent the light bulb by studying bright candles. He was built on a generation of scientists who studied how light interacts with matter,” Young said. The doctor said.
“Like almost the same, modern research, such as our recent research, behaves how the basic building blocks of matter are struck by light, and at its most basic level of understanding nature at its most basic level. It makes clear that we will deepen the
“As researchers continue to unravel the inner structure of protons, greater insights could help improve the way protons are used in cutting-edge technologies.
“One of the most notable examples is proton therapy, which uses high-energy protons to accurately target tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding tissue.”
“Just as early breakthroughs in understanding light paved the way for modern lasers and imaging, advances in knowledge of proton structures can shape the next generation of applications in science and medicine.”
“By making the invisible forces within protons visible for the first time, this study bridges the gap between theory and experiment, which reveals the secrets of light to change the modern world. It bridges the same way that we did it.”
a paper Explaining the team's results was published in the journal Physical Review Letter.
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Ja Crawford et al. 2025. Lateral force distribution of protons from lattice QCD. Phys. Pastor Rett 134, 071901; doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.071901
Have you ever found yourself sitting in your favorite overstuffed armchair and finding your coffee just out of reach? In situations like this, a Jedi could easily deflect a blaster bolt or recover a lost lightsaber. I often wish I could use the “Force”, a mythical energy field used to bring back . In the real world, humans cannot use telekinesis to manipulate objects. But some animals do It uses natural electric fields to attract and repel objects.
The lowercase f “force” exerted by the animal kingdom is caused by friction between two objects, causing one object to lose electrons and the other to gain electrons. static electricity. Since electrons are negatively charged, objects that have lost electrons accumulate a positive charge, and objects that have gained electrons accumulate a negative charge. of electrostatic force Charged objects repel those with the same charge and attract those with the opposite charge. When you rub a balloon against your head, the friction causes the balloon to become negatively charged and your hair to become positively charged, causing your hair to stand on end.
like the force star wars The universe and animals use electrostatic force for both good and evil. In “Light Side”bee,bumblebeeandhummingbird Static electricity builds up as the wing moves through the air. These pollinators use electrostatic forces to transport pollen to and from flowers, supporting plant reproduction and biodiversity. On the “dark side” (at least from the prey's point of view!), predators like orb spiders use electrostatic forces totrap prey in a nestparasites such as mites and mites use it toconnect to host.
Scientists suspect that other winged animals use “light-side” electrostatic forces to aid pollination, but it is unclear how widespread this phenomenon is in nature. Not yet. Two biologists from the University of Bristol investigated whether butterflies and moths are members of the order LepidopteraI did electrostatic pollination. Scientists believe that moths wide range of pollinatorsHowever, opinions are divided as to whether butterflies pollinate plants.
The researchers collected wild butterflies and moths from across the UK and Germany, or purchased captive-bred versions.butterflies of the world. They were kept in climate-controlled mesh enclosures that mimicked their natural habitat and fed artificial flowers and pineapple slices filled with a sugar solution.
The researchers hypothesized that because lepidopterans have relatively small wings and flap slowly, they may be less electrically charged than other pollinating insects. To test this, they measured the static electricity of 72 adult peacock butterflies in free flight. They transferred each butterfly to an acrylic box lined with leaves native to its habitat to ensure that the charge the butterflies carried was as close to natural as possible.
Next, the ring-shaped electrode was attached to a device called “Electric Signal” that detects extremely weak currents. picoammeter. They placed a ring electrode next to the box's exit hole and used a picoammeter to record the charge on each butterfly as it flew out of the hole and passed through the electrode. They found that peacock butterflies have an average charge of about +50 picocoulombs. This is actually more than any other pollinating insect.
The researchers then tested whether the insects' habitat and ecology influenced their static electricity. They used similar techniques to measure charges in four additional species of butterflies and six species of moths across five continents, different climates, and feeding behaviors. They found that all 197 individuals tested carried enough electrical charge to displace pollen grains from several millimeters away. However, the strength and polarity (whether it was positive or negative) depended on the insect's habitat and ecological niche. For example, tropical species are more likely to be negatively charged than temperate species, and nocturnal foragers are more likely to be negatively charged than daytime foragers.
The researchers concluded that butterflies are actually good at pollination. The researchers speculated that the high charge may improve the insect's “light side” ability to attract pollen and sense electric fields around nectar-containing flowers. However, carrying a high charge also has its drawbacks, as highly charged insects are more vulnerable to “dark side” predators and parasites. They suggested that tropical and nocturnal Lepidoptera may be negatively charged. detect predatorsare more active in warm weather and at night. May the electrostatic forces be with them!
The newly developed all-optical nanosensor is a luminescent nanocrystal that changes intensity and color when pushed or pulled. Probed only with light, allowing fully remote reading. No wires or connections required. They have force sensitivity that is 100 times better than existing nanoparticles that utilize rare earth ions for their optical response, with a force operating range of more than four orders of magnitude and a much wider range than other nanoparticles (10–100 times). Conventional optical nanosensor.
Illustration of atomic arrangement within a single lanthanide-doped nanocrystal. Each lanthanide ion can emit light. Image credit: Andrew Mueller / Columbia Engineering.
“Our discovery revolutionizes the sensitivity and dynamic range achievable with optical force sensors, and has implications for applications from robotics to cellular biophysics, medicine to space travel,” said Dr. Jim Shack, a researcher at Columbia University. We expect that this technology will immediately disrupt technology in this field.”
The new nanosensor enables high-resolution, multiscale capabilities for the first time in the same nanosensor.
This means that this nanosensor alone, rather than a series of different classes of sensors, can be used for the continuous study of forces from the subcellular level to the whole system level in engineered and biological systems such as embryonic development. It is important because it means , moving cells, batteries, or integrated NEMS, highly sensitive nanoelectromechanical systems in which the physical movement of nanometer-scale structures is controlled by electronic circuits and vice versa.
“Aside from their unparalleled multiscale sensing capabilities, what makes these force sensors unique is that they operate with benign, biocompatible, and deeply penetrating infrared light,” said Natalie, a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University. said Dr. Fardian Melamed.
“This will allow us to peer deeply into various technical and physiological systems and monitor health conditions from a distance.”
“These sensors will enable early detection of system malfunctions and failures, and will have a major impact on sectors ranging from human health to energy and sustainability.”
Researchers were able to construct these nanosensors by exploiting the photon avalanche effect within nanocrystals.
In photon avalanche nanoparticles, the absorption of a single photon within the material causes a chain reaction that ultimately leads to the emission of many photons. Therefore, one photon is absorbed and many photons are emitted.
The optically active components within the nanocrystals studied are atomic ions from the lanthanide series of elements of the periodic table, also known as rare earth elements, doped into the nanocrystals. In this study, the scientists used thulium.
They found that the photon avalanche process is very sensitive to several things, such as the spacing between lanthanide ions.
With this in mind, they tapped a piece of a photon avalanche nanoparticle (ANP) with an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and found that the avalanche's behavior was influenced by these gentler forces than previously expected. I found that I was greatly affected.
“We discovered this almost by accident,” Shook said.
“We suspected that these nanoparticles were force-sensitive, so we measured the release while hitting the nanoparticles.”
“And they turned out to be much more sensitive than expected!”
“In fact, we couldn't believe it at first either. We thought the chip might be having a different effect.”
The authors knew how sensitive ANPs were, so they designed new nanoparticles that responded to force in different ways.
In one new design, nanoparticles change the color of their emitted light depending on the applied force.
In another design, they created nanoparticles that do not exhibit photon avalanches under ambient conditions, but start avalanching when a force is applied. These turned out to be very sensitive to forces.
They are now applying these force sensors to critical systems with the goal of making a big impact.
“The importance of developing new force sensors was recently highlighted by 2021 Nobel Prize Laureate Erdem Patapoutian. “It highlighted the difficulty of investigating biological processes,” said Dr. Shook.
“We are thrilled to be part of these discoveries that will transform the sensing paradigm and allow us to sensitively and dynamically map significant changes in forces and pressures in real-world environments that are unreachable with today's technology.” I think so.
IIt’s an unlikely alliance between billionaire media mogul Rupert Murdoch and a group of top artists including Radiohead singer Thom Yorke, actors Kevin Bacon and Julianne Moore, and author Kazuo Ishiguro.
This week they launched two very public battles with artificial intelligence companies, accusing them of using their intellectual property without permission to build increasingly powerful and lucrative new technologies.
More than 13,000 creative professionals from the worlds of literature, music, film, theater and television have issued a statement saying that programs such as ChatGPT, where AI companies train their work without permission, are interfering with their lives. It warned that it posed a “serious and unwarranted threat”. By the end of the week, that number had nearly doubled to 25,000.
This comes as Murdoch, the owner of News Corp., a publishing group that owns the Wall Street Journal, The Sun, The Times, The Australian, and others, has warned Perplexity, an AI-based search engine, of illegal activities. This was the day after the company filed a lawsuit alleging that Some of his journalism in the US title has been copied.
The Stars’ statement supports the idea that creative works can be used as training data for free on grounds of “fair use” (a US legal term meaning no permission from the copyright owner is required). It is a collective effort to dissent. Adding to their ire is the fact that these AI models can be used to produce fresh work that competes with human work.
Rupert Murdoch has filed a lawsuit against Perplexity, an AI-powered search engine. Photo: Noah Berger/AP
AI was a major sticking point in last year’s double strike by Hollywood actors and screenwriters, who agreed to ensure new technology remains under the control of employees rather than being used to replace them. Secured. Several ongoing lawsuits could determine whether the copyright battle is similarly successful.
In the US, artists are suing the tech companies behind the image-generating devices, a major record label is suing AI music creators Suno and Udio, and a group of writers including John Grisham and George R.R. Martin is suing ChatGPT developer OpenAI for alleged copyright infringement.
In the fight to make AI companies pay for the content they scrape to build their tools, publishers are also pursuing legal avenues to get them to the negotiating table to sign licensing agreements. There is.
Publishers such as Politico owner Axel Springer, Vogue’s Condé Nast, the Financial Times and Reuters have signed content deals with various AI companies, and in May, News Corp. has signed a five-year contract with Open AI, reportedly worth $250 million. In contrast, the New York Times filed a lawsuit against the creators of ChatGPT and sent a “cease and desist” letter to Perplexity last week.
But in the UK, AI companies are lobbying for legal changes to allow them to continue developing tools without the risk of infringing intellectual property rights. Currently, the text and data mining required to train generative AI tools is only permitted for non-commercial research.
This week, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella called for a rethink of what “fair use” is. He argued that the large-scale language models that power generative AI do not “regurgitate” the information they have been trained on, and that this would be considered copyright infringement.
Labour’s new minister for AI and digital government, Ferial Clarke, recently said she wants copyright disputes between creative industries and AI companies to be resolved by the end of the year.
she said it might be in there Form of amendment to existing or new law
opening up the possibility of new provisions allowing AI companies to collect data for commercial purposes.
Actor Kevin Bacon is among those fighting back against AI. Photo: Richard Shotwell/Invision/AP
While news organizations publicly oppose AI-based content abuse, behind the scenes many are adopting technology to replace editorial functions, with commercially-strapped publishers using the technology at a cost. There is growing fear among staff that they will be used as a Trojan horse to enable retrenchment and redundancies.
Last month, the National Union of Journalists launched a campaign to highlight the issue. “Journalism before algorithms”.
“With wage stagnation, below-inflation wage increases, newsroom staff shortages, and increasing layoffs, there is a need to consider the use of AI,” the paper said. “Threats to journalists’ jobs are considered top of mind… AI is no substitute for real journalism.”
“There are questions about how much publishers themselves are using these tools,” said Niamh Burns, senior research analyst at Enders Analysis. “I think the amount of adoption is low, and there’s a lot of experimentation going on, but I can see a world where publishers are using some of these tools heavily. We need to be realistic about the scale of the opportunity we create.”
Burns said that so far, publishers’ willingness to use AI tools to directly influence or create editorial content has largely depended on how commercially pressurized the media landscape is for their operators. He said that it is related to whether the
BuzzFeed’s once-mighty market value has fallen from $1 billion during its 2021 flotation to less than $100 million. Rapid AI adapter Against the backdrop of drastic cuts in the news department and sharp decline in income.
And Newsquest, the second-largest newspaper in Britain’s beleaguered local and regional newspaper market, has embarked on initiatives such as rapidly increasing the role of “AI-assisted” journalism.
However, quality national newspapers and media brands remain very cautious, and many, including the Guardian, have set strict principles to guide their work.
But behind the scenes, AI tools are being leveraged to help categorize large datasets and help journalists report on new and exclusive content.
“I think the media companies that are most exposed to commercial risk in the short term are also at risk of overreaching,” Burns said.
“A lot of it has to do with commercial models, where you rely on advertising from a lot of traffic on social platforms and all you need is scale and not quality, where AI can be very helpful.
“But creating generative AI content is never worth the cost or risk.” [for quality national titles]. And for any publisher, producing more conventional journalism comes with long-term costs to quality and risks to competitiveness. ”
The space telescope entered hibernation over a week ago due to the failure of one of its three remaining gyroscopes, which are part of its pointing system. This same gyro had been malfunctioning for months, affecting its scientific capabilities.
NASA confirmed on Tuesday that efforts to repair the gyro had been unsuccessful, leaving the spacecraft operating with just one gyroscope, limiting its scientific functions.
As a result, Hubble will be inactive until mid-June. The telescope will have reduced agility and slower target acquisition. Despite these limitations, officials believe that Hubble will still be able to make significant discoveries in the coming decade.
“We are optimistic about Hubble’s future,” said Patrick Close, NASA’s project manager.
Mark Crump, NASA’s astrophysics director, stated that there are currently no plans to launch a mission to extend Hubble’s life by raising it to a higher orbit.
A billionaire who has booked SpaceX flights for himself has offered to sponsor and perform the necessary repairs. However, Crumpen expressed concerns about the risks involved and the need for further analysis.
The Hubble Telescope was launched into orbit in 1990, initially facing challenges due to a misaligned mirror. After a successful repair mission, Hubble resumed its observations of the cosmos in remarkable detail.
During a visit in 2009, astronauts installed six new gyroscopes on Hubble. Unfortunately, three of them have stopped functioning. These gyroscopes are crucial for maintaining the telescope’s stability and orientation.
Currently, only two gyroscopes are operational, one for pointing and the other as a backup.
The Webb Space Telescope, a more advanced successor to Hubble, is set to launch in 2021.
Triangular gold flakes can be manipulated using mysterious quantum forces
George Zograf
A tiny gold device for controlling light is built using strange quantum effects hidden in seemingly empty space.
In 1948, physicist Hendrik Casimir theorized that when objects are brought close together in space, some objects experience a very weak gravitational pull due to imperceptible flickering of quantum fields in the gaps between them. Ta. Researchers then confirmed this Casimir effect in the laboratory. Betul Kyucukoz and his colleagues at Sweden’s Chalmers University of Technology have found a way to make this useful.
They wanted to build a cavity that would trap the light using two pieces of gold placed parallel to each other, so that the light would bounce back and forth between them and would not be able to escape. First, we created the bottom edge of the cavity by transferring triangular gold flakes ranging in size from 4 to 10 microns onto a small piece of glass. The top end of the cavity also contained a triangular gold flake, but instead of holding it in place with an instrument, the researchers attached it to the glass in a salt water solution containing an additional triangular gold flake. The gold flakes were then dipped in and then allowed to develop. Instead, work naturally.
One of those forces was the electrostatic force caused by the charge associated with the dissolved salt. Another is the Casimir effect. Kyuchkoz said he observed the experiment under the microscope many times and could always see the Casimir effect in action. This causes the floating gold flakes to move towards the gold flake where one is imprinted on the glass, and then he moves over the imprinted gold flake until the triangular footprints of the two flakes match. It was rotated.
This completes the assembly of a cavity that can trap light. The researchers were able to significantly control the cavity formation process, Kyucukoz said. For example, by using different concentrations of salt, we can adjust the strength of the electrostatic force so that the distance between the flakes is different for each cavity, creating cavities with slightly different dimensions of 100-200 nanometers. It can trap colored light.
Raul Esquivel Sirbento The professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico said the idea of self-assembly, likened to throwing a Lego set into a pot and a structure emerges without having to manually press the pieces together, is not new. But he said his team’s experiment was more detailed and controlled than previous attempts to exploit the Casimir effect for similar purposes. But the Casimir effect can be very subtle, so there may be other effects here as well that haven’t been detected yet, Esquivel Servent said.
In the future, Küçüköz and his colleagues hope to use the cavity as part of more complex experiments with light, such as placing objects inside the cavity between two gold flakes.
abnormalityannounced the launch of the first AI-powered zero-gas layer 3 gaming platform leveraging play-to-airdrop mechanics to reach Telegram's 900 million daily active users.mounted arbitram orbit and use gelato Rollup as a service, Anomaly’s new Layer-3 fully abstracts the complexity of blockchain while leveraging an AI-enabled game engine to enable developers to create immersive, decentralized gaming experiences at unprecedented speed. We plan to redefine the gaming industry by allowing you to create.
Anomaly streamlines the UX of blockchain games with account abstraction, enables user onboarding through social platforms, and leverages SocialFi for game monetization. At the core of the new game layer 3 are: Abnormal SDKThis enables advanced AI features such as AI-driven matchmaking, decision-making, player model training, automatic quest creation, and asset generation in Web3 games. This aims to save developer time, address the cost challenges of AI integration, and significantly improve user engagement and experience within the Anomaly gaming ecosystem.
“At Anomaly, we are not just launching another gaming platform. We are pioneering a new paradigm for Web3 gaming, which will fundamentally change the blockchain gaming industry,” said Long Do, founder of Anomaly. says. “Anomaly Layer-3 acts as a decentralized gaming layer with a native AI technology stack to facilitate interoperability and platform experience.”
Utilization of Arbitrum anytrust DAC technology, the Anomaly Layer-3 Orbit chain inherits a fast, secure, and scalable execution environment, boasting 250ms block times with near-instantaneous transaction finality, processing thousands of transactions per second, It stands out as one of the fastest EVM Layer-3. Commercial roll-up. The chain features the native gas token $nom, which ensures smooth navigation between game areas.
“Anomaly’s implementation of the Arbitrum Orbit technology stack addresses fundamental problems encountered by blockchain games,” said Cooper Midroni, Product Manager at Offchain Labs. “The Anomaly Layer-3 ecosystem will allow on-chain games to offer the same level of fun and seamless experience as traditional games.”
The chain operates with a gasless user experience designed to provide a Web2-like user experience gameplay. Start with Gelato, Gelato's industry standard Web3 service. relay person, Web3 featuresand VRF. These services enable fully automated and immersive gaming experiences and provide a verified on-chain randomness source for fair gameplay. The chain will also soon be equipped with key infrastructure such as the Blockscout block explorer, which provides easy access to block, transaction, and address data, and a standard bridge UI serviced by Gelato.
“Anomaly came to us looking for a future-proof gaming platform that would support millions of users,” explained Hilmar Orth, founder of Gelato. “We have created a game-centric, full-service, auto-scalable, layer 3 infrastructure that allows Anomaly to attract community and liquidity, and ultimately support distribution.”
Anomaly Layer-3 will also leverage Gelato's latest Node-Sale-as-a-Service solution to sell validation node licenses and enable the community to participate in securing Anomaly's infrastructure. , harden rollup security. Anomaly's launch will feature a private sale of AI-based node NFTs to Telegram's early supporters, highlighting the platform's focus on a community-driven ecosystem. Additionally, Anomaly makes it easy for all users to operate their nodes using a cloud-based subscription that can be done by paying monthly directly within Telegram.
Anomaly is revolutionizing Web3 gaming by working with the Telegram, Discord, and Farcaster communities. This approach provides an in-platform gaming experience that accommodates users wherever they are, avoids onboarding challenges, abstracts blockchain complexity, and provides an experience comparable to Web2 gaming.
About anomalies
abnormality is an avant-garde AI game studio and layer 3 blockchain innovator poised to redefine gaming by fusing Web3 and SocialFi and leveraging AI to create immersive experiences. Anomaly is at the forefront of gaming evolution, focused on leveraging the synergies of AI and blockchain. The studio is dedicated to rapid game development and deployment, community engagement through social platforms, and innovative approaches to gaming, setting new benchmarks in interactive entertainment.
About Arbitram Foundation
of Arbitrum Founded in March 2023, the Foundation supports and grows the Arbitrum network and community by securely scaling Ethereum. Introduced in March 2023, Arbitrum Orbit is a permissionless path to launch customizable, dedicated L2 and L3 orbit chains using Arbitrum technology. Arbitrum Orbit leverages secure, scalable, and cost-effective blockchain scaling technology to enable features such as custom gas tokens, dedicated throughput, customizable permissions, and interoperability. Over 25 Orbit chains have been officially announced, and over 50 more are in active development to date.
About gelato
gelato All-in-one Ethereum rollup as a service platform Built without limits. Designed to be ultra-fast, incredibly secure, and infinitely scalable, Gelato Rollups provides full-service Layer 2 and Layer 3 chains that are natively integrated with industry-standard Web3 tools and services. Anyone can build, deploy, and launch a production-ready Web3 development environment. One click.
contact
head of marketing Ella Jonas Gelato Digital GmbH press@gelato.digital
Cayman Islands, Cayman Islands, January 31, 2024, Chainwire
QRDO Foundation, dedicated to the growth and development of the QRDO ecosystem, announced a strategic partnership with EQ LAB, a leading blockchain development lab, to launch Warden Protocol. This effort will accelerate the upcoming launch of Warden Protocol, an intent-based interoperability protocol built on Cosmos and based on Fusionchain primitives.
Introducing the Warden Protocol
of warden protocol is a modular intent-centric blockchain built on Cosmos-SDK. At the most basic level, it allows users to create spaces and wallets on various blockchains and manage their activities through on-chain intents. Complex multi-leg transactions can be constructed, and cross-chain activity is protected by complex intents, all enforced on-chain by the Warden protocol.
For builders in this space, Warden enables the deployment of smart contracts into Cosmos using Solidity and WebAssembly, facilitating a modular marketplace of leading management solutions ranging from HSM solutions to multiparty computing providers.
QRDO Foundation representatives said: “The Warden protocol is the next evolution in intent and interoperability primitives. Joining forces with the EQ LAB team will help us achieve this ambitious vision, and QRDO token ownership “This will ensure that people can truly experience fulfillment.” A decentralized, open, intent-centric interoperability and key management protocol. ”
A variety of applications have committed to support deployment on Warden, including:
EQ.FinanceCosmos' liquid staking hub that powers existing liquid staking tokens.
WARDD is a decentralized stablecoin pegged to the US dollar that provides Warden users with instant access to dollar liquidity.
slightly, a pluggable protocol for decentralized capital pools that enables margin trading on any spot DEX.and
SpaceWard is a SAFE-like platform for wallet management and governance.
EQ LAB forms the core contributor team for Warden Protocol and brings an extensive team of 15 core developers to Warden Protocol.
EQ LAB Founder Alex Melikhov said: “We are very happy to contribute to the establishment of the Warden Protocol as a core contributor.As an experienced team of qualified blockchain developers, I We see a bright future in the Cosmos ecosystem and look forward to unlocking incredible value for both the existing QRDO community and the community of Q token holders.”
word token
Warden Protocol plans to introduce the WARD token through a fair initiation mechanism. The launch will take place without any pre-mining or investor allocation, and will initially extend eligibility for both airdrops and incentivized WARD swaps to existing QRDO holders. As a tribute to the public good performed by various other Cosmos chains, not only TIA and ATOM stakers are eligible, but also builders and users of other free protocols and chains. Further details will be announced soon.
The Alfama testnet will go live in the coming weeks, and details about the incentivized testnet will be published soon.
contact address
warden protocol
Warden Protocol is a new modular, intent-based blockchain based on CosmosSDK that enables users and builders to explore and build cross-chains securely.
EQ LAB is an experienced software engineering house specializing in permissionless applications and protocols, serving as a technology partner for numerous projects on Cosmos, Ethereum, Arbitrum, Polkadot, and other blockchain platforms.
The QRDO Foundation was created to focus on accelerating the adoption of open custody, security, and interoperability protocols and fostering the value of the QRDO ecosystem.
The physics of proton gravitational form factors and their understanding in quantum chromodynamics have advanced significantly over the past two decades through both theory and experiment.a new paper inside modern physics review We provide an overview of this progress, highlighting the physical insights revealed by studies of the gravitational form factor and reviewing its interpretation in terms of the mechanical properties of protons.
A 2D representation of the quark contribution to the force distribution within the proton as a function of distance from the proton center. Light gray shading and long arrows indicate areas of stronger force, while dark gray shading and short arrows indicate areas of weaker force. Left panel: Normal force as a function of distance from center. The arrows change size and always point radially outward. Right panel: tangential force as a function of distance from center. The force changes direction and magnitude as indicated by the direction and length of the arrow. The sign of the force changes around 0.4 fm from the proton center. Image credit: Burkert other., doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.95.041002.
“This measurement reveals insight into the environment experienced by the proton's components,” said Volker Burkert, principal investigator at the Jefferson Institute.
“A proton is made up of three quarks held together by a strong force.”
“At its peak, this amounts to more than four tons of force that would have to be applied to the quark to pull it out of the proton.”
“Of course, it is not possible in nature to separate just one quark from a proton because quarks have a property called color.”
“Protons have three colors mixed with quarks, and appear colorless from the outside. This is a requirement for them to exist in the universe.”
“When you try to extract a colored quark from a proton, the energy you invested in separating the quarks is used to create a meson, a pair of colorless quark and antiquark, leaving behind a colorless proton (or neutron).”
“In other words, the number four tons represents the strength of the force inherent in protons.”
The result is only the second of the mechanical properties of the protons to be measured.
Mechanical properties of protons include internal pressure (measured in 2018), mass distribution (physical size), angular momentum, and shear stress (shown here).
This result was made possible by predictions from half a century ago and data from 20 years ago.
In the mid-1960s, nuclear physicists realized that if they could observe how gravity interacted with subatomic particles like protons, such experiments could directly reveal the mechanical properties of protons. It was theorized that
“But at the time, we had no choice. For example, if you compare gravity to electromagnetic forces, there's a difference of 39 orders of magnitude. So it's pretty hopeless, right?” said Latifa El-Adhriri, a staff scientist at the Jefferson Institute. .
This data comes from experiments conducted at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Jefferson Research Institute.
A typical CEBAF experiment involves a high-energy electron interacting with another particle by exchanging a packet of energy and a unit of angular momentum called a virtual photon with the particle. The energy of an electron determines which particles it interacts with in this way and how it reacts.
In the experiment, a high-energy beam of electrons interacting with protons inside a target of liquefied hydrogen gas exerted a much greater force on the protons than the four tons needed to pull out the quark/antiquark pair.
“We have developed a program to study deep virtual Compton scattering,” said Dr. El-Adrili.
“This is where electrons exchange virtual photons with protons.”
“And in the final state, the proton stays the same but recoils, and you actually produce one very high-energy photon, and you also get a scattered electron.”
“At the time we acquired the data, we did not know that beyond the intended 3D imaging with these data, we were also collecting the data needed to access the mechanical properties of the protons.”
“It turns out that this particular process, the highly virtual Compton scattering, may be related to how gravity interacts with matter.”
“A general version of this relationship is stated in Einstein's 1973 textbook on general relativity.gravityWritten by Charles W. Meisner, Kip S. Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler. ”
“In it, they say, “A massless spin 2 field would give rise to a force indistinguishable from gravity, because a massless spin 2 field would couple with a stress-energy tensor in the same way as a gravitational interaction.'' It is written as 'It is from.'.'.
“Thirty years later, theorist Maxim Polyakov continued this idea and established a theoretical foundation linking deep virtual Compton scattering processes and gravitational interactions.”
“This theoretical breakthrough establishes a relationship between measurements of deep virtual Compton scattering and the gravitational shape factor.”
“And we were able to take advantage of that for the first time and bring out the pressure that we gave during the game.” Nature A paper was published in 2018 and now normal and shear forces are being studied,” Dr. Burkert said.
“A more detailed explanation of the relationship between deep virtual Compton scattering processes and gravitational interactions is provided in a new paper describing the first results obtained from this study.”
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