A New Wave of Unannounced Archaeology Games Inspired by the Forgotten Tomb Raider

The game I’m eagerly anticipating at the moment is Big Walk, the newest creation from House House, the developers behind the beautiful Untitled Goose Game. This cooperative multiplayer adventure invites players to explore an expansive world, and I’m excited to see what intense gameplay arises from it. Will Big Walk allow for a unique form of community archaeology with friends? I genuinely hope so.

From the placement of objects to audio recordings and graffiti, if the game effectively employs environmental storytelling, it encourages players to embody the role of archaeologists. Game designer Ben Esposito characterized environmental storytelling in 2016 as “the technique of placing a skull near a toilet.” This might have been a critique directed at games like the Fallout series, but his quick remark illustrates how an archaeological narrative can unfold within a game. After all, the contrast between the skull and the toilet can provoke numerous questions and interpretations about the past within that game world, albeit a rather absurd one.

I have worked as an archaeologist in the tangible world, where I was involved in excavations, fieldwork, and site evaluations across the UK. Currently, I’m pursuing a PhD in Computer Science with a focus on video game archaeology. We are developing innovative methods to document gameplay experiences, including conducting in-game interviews with players and tracking in-game messages in Elden Ring.

Given my background, I often find myself contemplating the games where you play roles akin to an archaeologist, whether as a grave robber or an unknown entity, as well as those that simulate the tasks we perform in the field. Games like What Remains of Edith Finch encourage players to immerse themselves in the environment and contemplate what the objects scattered throughout signify. Dr. Melissa Kägen, an assistant professor of interactive media and game development at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, refers to this type of interpretive gameplay in Walking Simulators as “archive adventure.”




Ready to play the role… Outer Wilds: Archaeologist’s Edition. Photo: Nintendo Switch

However, it’s not limited to Sims; there are various puzzle games where one can take on the role of an archaeologist, piecing together remnants of the past from archived materials and clues. While some may label these games as “Metroidvanias,” I have a personal affinity for them. Essentially, “information games” (a term coined by developer Tom Francis) require players to formulate theories based on available information and utilize those theories to gain further insights. Heaven’s Vault stands out with its core mechanic of deciphering ancient languages, while other information games like Return of the Obra Dinn, Her Story, and Outer Wilds (which even has a dedicated “archaeologist edition”) encourage players to excavate clues related to their environments and histories.

In my research, I aim to explore how modern gaming can be documented as meticulously as ancient artifacts. I’ve noticed numerous parallels in the gaming landscape. The methods players use to document their experiences—such as screenshots, mapping, and journaling—mirror techniques employed by real-world archaeologists. Some games integrate these documentation methods as central mechanics. A prime example is Season: A Letter to the Future, where players capture the world’s essence just before a cataclysm through their diary entries. Games that prompt note-taking certainly enhance the recording of gameplay experiences, such as the anticipated 2025 puzzle sensation, Blue Prince.

If you’re interested in becoming a video game archaeologist rather than just Tomb Raider-ing, look for the skull next to the toilet. Better yet, document your findings. Future gaming archaeologists will be grateful!

What to Play




Obsessive and stylish… Shinobu: The Art of Vengeance. Photo: Sega

In today’s gaming scene, many classic ’80s arcade titles are being rediscovered, with Gradius Origins delighting shoot-’em-up aficionados and Bandai Namco’s Shadow Labyrinth offering a fresh take on Pac-Man.

Next up is Sega’s Shinobu: The Art of Vengeance, a stylish platformer adventure heavily inspired by classic ninja brawler aesthetics. Players navigate a richly hand-drawn cyberpunk world with an impressive array of combat abilities, weapons, and combos. The French developer LizardCube has masterfully blended captivating visual flair with the nostalgic immediacy and modern enhancements of the original title. Expect to relive fond memories while executing fierce moves to dispatch enemies in a visually stunning ballet of violence.

Available on: PC, PS4/5, Xbox
Estimated playtime:
15 hours

What to Read




Switch and Bait… I’m waiting outside my Nintendo store for the release of Nintendo Switch 2. Photo: Kylie Cooper/Reuters
  • Curious about Nintendo‘s game design philosophy? The upcoming book “Super Nintendo” by Keza McDonald is available for pre-order. This in-depth examination offers a behind-the-scenes look at the legendary game and console maker, featuring insights from key figures, including Miyamoto himself. A must-read!

  • Over 450 Diablo developers have voted to unionize, as reported by The Communications Workers of America. Nav Bhetti, a senior software engineer on Team 3, shared, “Throughout my development career, I’ve observed my colleagues paying the ‘passion tax’ to work in the industry we cherish.”

  • Have you heard of “friendsslop“? Nicole Carpenter explores emerging genres in social gaming, such as Peak, Fatal Company, and Content Warning. Find out what developers can glean from focusing on cooperative experimentation with peers.

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What to Click

Question Block




Console Wars… Indiana Jones and the Big Circle. Photo: Game Press

This week’s question comes from Richard B. via email.

“Does the console war still exist?”

This is a topic currently under scrutiny throughout the industry. In February, Xbox Chief Phil Spencer told Xboxera that he’s no longer focused on attracting players from PlayStation or PC. Just three months later, previously exclusive titles like Indiana Jones and the Big Circle have been announced for PS5, alongside Gears of War: Reloaded being linked to Sony’s platform. In return, Sony will release Helldivers 2 on Xbox, with more collaborations likely to follow. A recent Sony job listing suggests they are indeed open to this.

Cross Play—features available in games like Fortnite and Apex Legends—allows players across different systems to compete. In an industry where mobile gaming is increasingly dominant, with NewZoo projecting a worth of $92.5 billion for mobile games in 2024, the competitive landscape is changing.

Still, gamers are inherently territorial in nature. Brand loyalty remains a significant facet of fandom (think Nikon vs. Canon, Nike vs. Reebok, or Android vs. iPhone). Technical specifications are merely one aspect of these rivalries, with style, image, and identity also playing vital roles. Thus, don’t anticipate Xbox and PlayStation to transform into mere apps across various platforms anytime soon. Some battles may come to a close, yet the war rages on.

If you have any questions or thoughts regarding the newsletter, please feel free to reply or email us at butingbuttons@theguardian.com.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Venice Biennale: A Magical Island Inspired by Mexico

Small urban farms in Mexico City, referred to as Chinampas, employ a distinctive farming technique. Rather than transporting water to the land, Chinampas bring the land into the water.

Dating back over 1,000 years, the Chinampas were developed by Aztec farmers who constructed rectangular plots on expansive lakes to cultivate food for Tenochitlan. At one time, tens of thousands of these plots existed, organized in precise grids with narrow canals between them; however, many were damaged or abandoned after Hernan Cortes and his Spanish troops changed the region’s civil structure in 1521.

Yet, the Chinampas in Xochimilco continue to thrive in South Mexico City, despite pressures from developers and competition with industrial farms. The sustainable farming methods are gaining renewed interest amid the challenges of climate change and prolonged drought.

Could other regions around the globe adopt the concept of “floating islands,” as these fields are sometimes termed? A group of Mexican designers, landscapers, and farmers believes that this ancient technology could be adapted widely. They aim to replicate the Chinampas for their country’s pavilion at this year’s Venice Architectural Biennale.

“Chinampas boast a simple, clever design that has emerged collectively, benefiting not just people but all surrounding life,” remarked Lucio Usobia, who has dedicated the last 15 years to preserving the remaining Chinampas through his nonprofit, Arca Tierra.

The Mexican pavilion aligns perfectly with the major exhibition “Intelligent. Natural. Artificial.” The Chinampas are both artificial and organic, thriving only when there’s a close gaze on the rows of corn and inhabited plots, alongside farmers, policymakers, and tourists embarking on popular canoe tours.

Promoting the Chinampas as an eco-friendly design inspiration was an obvious choice for the Biennale, the team members stated. “Venice, built on water, shares vulnerabilities with Xochimilco,” mentioned Ana Paula Ruiz Galindo, the founder of the design company Pedro y Juana.

They highlighted that Venice and Xochimilco were both designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the same year, 1987, and that both places are waterborne communities where boats navigate, striving to balance tourism’s benefits and drawbacks.

Venice boasts its iconic gondolas, while Xochimilco features brightly decorated flat boats, known as trajineras, which take visitors on festive rides. Both types of boats are maneuvered by pilots using long poles.

Creating a replica of the Chinampas on-site required imagination and compromise.

The Aztecs methodically built the islands over time using branches and reeds to establish borders at the bottom. This allowed for layered sediment and decomposed vegetation to accumulate until the islands emerged above the water’s surface for cultivation. In addition to crops like corn, beans, and squash, traditional agricultural methods known as milpas are also utilized to naturally enrich soil nutrients by planting trees at the island’s corners.

The Mexican pavilion is situated in the Biennale’s Arsenale complex, featuring a scaled-down version at a mere fraction of the typical 500 square meters (0.12 acres) of a traditional Chinampa. A video produced in Mexico City, showcasing authentic Chinamperos, enhances the exhibition, complemented by bleacher seating along the walls. Artificial light simulates sunlight for the plants.

At the center lies a functional garden filled with vegetables, flowers, and herbs. (The plants originated from Italian nurseries and were transported by boat to the Arsenale in mid-April.) They will be in full bloom during the Biennale, which runs until November 23rd.

“By the end of the Biennale, we can harvest corn and make tortillas,” Usobia shared. “Before that, we can gather beans, squash, tomatoes, and chili.”

Visitors will have a chance to learn about unique seed cultivation techniques specific to Chinampas and even plant their seedlings by themselves.

Acknowledging local agricultural practices, Chinampas will also incorporate a version of Vite Maritata, an ancient Etruscan method that involves planting grapes alongside trees, thus creating a natural trellis system for the grapes. The exhibition team is investigating the synergy between these two agricultural immersion methods, blending trees and crops into a cohesive ecosystem.

“We observe a dialogue between these ancient cultures and discuss how we can progress,” noted Usobia.

The exhibition team emphasized their intention to avoid overly romanticizing the Chinampas, acknowledging the challenges of scaling practices to feed today’s population. The farms thrive in Mexico City because they are situated in a lake, allowing for manageable water control levels. In contrast, Venice, located in a lagoon adjacent to the sea, faces constant threats from flooding.

Additionally, the economics of small farms are challenging, with high production costs and low yields making profitability difficult. Many farmworkers receive inadequate wages and the repetitive nature of planting and harvesting jobs has diminished their appeal.

“This is a significant concern here. Young people, in particular, are less inclined to work on Chinampa farms,” stated Maria Maria de Buen, the graphic designer for the team.

Indeed, many Chinampas in Xochimilco lie fallow as their owners struggle to make a living. Some have been repurposed into soccer fields for community rental, while others serve as venues for events like weddings and birthday parties. Despite official restrictions against development, cattle grazing, and hunting for endangered species, such activities occur frequently.

Still, the team perceives the crucial connection between nature and urban development, advocating for the integration of existing water resources within residential and educational spaces as essential inspiration. Architects visiting the Biennale may not be able to design extensive agricultural landscapes, but they can adapt existing conditions to replicate ideas on a smaller scale, suggested Jachen Schleich, principal of the Mexico City architectural firm Dellekamp + Schleich.

“If someone executes this in their backyard, they could at least feed their family, or the people on the fourth floor of their building. It could serve as a micro-intervention in a landscape or public space.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

Crafting Fashion Accessories Inspired by Real T. Rex Fossils

Eighty million years ago, the formidable 40-foot-long Tyrannosaurus Rex ruled the earth. Now, it may soon inspire a new kind of wallet.

A team of British researchers and bioengineers is working on high-end clutches and totes made from T. rex skin, cultivated from the fossilized remains of ancient carnivorous creatures.

Their goal is to create sustainable leather by extracting collagen from this colossal dinosaur, known to have roamed North America and Asia about 68 million years ago. If they succeed, it would mark the first instance of leather derived from an extinct species.

The project’s developers assert that their lab-grown materials will be entirely biodegradable and structurally identical to conventional leather. Choi Conon, a professor of tissue engineering at Newcastle University, commented on the initiative.

Conon is also associated with a Biotechnology Company. Lab-grown leather is in collaboration with the Dutch creative agency VML and the genomic engineering firm The Organoid Company.

“This opens the door to designing leather from prehistoric origins,” stated Connon, a key leader in the project.

While Connon and his team are targeting the fashion sector, market data providers Fortune Business Insights predicts that the global leather goods market, valued at $500 billion, could reach $85.5 billion by 2032.

However, experts caution that immediate results may not be forthcoming. The commercialization of lab-grown T. rex leather could be financially prohibitive.

According to Tom Ellis, a professor of synthetic genomic engineering at Imperial College in London, the “gimmick” is still “very early.” He noted, “Our understanding of dinosaur evolution may not be sufficient to design collagen genes specifically from T. rex.”

Ellis emphasized that producing authentic T. rex leather is still a long way off, suggesting that any collagen derived from the project would likely resemble that of cows and chickens.

This means the end product may resemble other alternative leathers. “We’ll offer something unique enough to justify a significantly higher price,” he added.

In theory, scientists can extract collagen gene sequences from various animals, as collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals. Companies like Gelter and modern pastures are already crafting leather-like materials from genetically engineered collagen, producing small batches of premium products.

If achieved, sustainably crafted animal leather could have notable environmental advantages. Currently, most leather is a byproduct of the cattle industry, contributing to deforestation in regions like the Amazon. Additionally, many synthetic and vegan leathers are made from fossil-fuel-derived plastics that are not biologically sustainable. According to the World Wide Fund.

As scientists ponder the potential for dinosaur wallets, fashion enthusiasts should take a moment to consider whether they should indulge in such products.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Atomfall: A survival game inspired by classic British science fiction | Games

tHis year was 1962 and you just woke up in the shadows of the Cumbria Front Scale (now Seller Field) nuclear power plant five years after a devastating meltdown. They are trapped in a considerable isolation zone surrounding the accident scene, so they must remain alive long enough to understand how to escape. A rather challenging task by the presence of aggressive cultists, illuminated monsters, and very territorial terrorist bees. Imagine a stalker. But set in northern England, an Oxford-based developer rebellion heads towards what’s in storefronts.

Fallout may seem like another obvious inspiration in this illuminated game world, but after playing the two-hour demo, it is clear that the game will draw more charm from the classic British sci-fi. Here, lush woodlands, the Rugoro River and dry stone walls are trapped in the picturesque Lake District. But around you are 1960s cars and tanks, abandoned farm buildings, burnt-out ruins of strange sounds and symbols that suggest something very ominous is happening. The development team can see it in the dirty, dislocated scenes around you about Dr. WHO, Wicker Mann, with John Wyndham’s novel as a key inspiration. As you approach the phone booth and pick up the ringing handset, you may hear unembodied voices warning you about the obviously friendly characters you encounter on the road. You will get lost in caves and ghostly monsters and infect you with a delusional mental virus. This is so many Quatermass John Partwee Ella.


Something ominous is happening…Atomfall. Photo: Rebellion development

It’s a while before you hit a gang of druids stalking the undergrowth and suddenly enter into battle. But in other survival games like the stalker spirit and escape from Tarkov, I have to resort to cricket bats, magical improvised melee weapons, or rusty guns that don’t matter whether I fire a few successful ammunition. The developers say they want the game to come back to life badly. You are not a Super Soldier. Everywhere, there are small trinkets to clean, from apples to machine parts.

When the character isn’t trying to get you tattered with bats, they may provide you with information and trading opportunities. It appears that they can wander freely through the overgrown farms and desolate industrial buildings looking for clues as to what happened here. Beware of the shining green blue bee nests hanging from the tree – those people Really territory. And toxic.


Here hell is looking for clues as to what happened… Atom Fall. Photo: Rebellion development

Even my short demonstrations have a lovely ominous tension in the air. Relying on the false handgun and explosive device you stuck together, the blue Peter style, adhesive tape on both sides, and what you find at abandoned military checkpoints adds a sense of despair and disaster.

I have found some of the menu and weapon choices tricky. For games that rely heavily on stealth, it’s very easy to accidentally ruin the shotgun because you haven’t loaded it in advance. But this is from a survival game. Often it’s better to wander around in the grass longer than engage with enemies (though it may not be clear where you are covering and where you are not). Many.

Atomfall looks like an interesting amalgam of a stalker. , Resistance: Human Falls, everyone went to joy. Several role-playing elements are lobbed. I think there’s a lot to depend on what happens to the mystery at the heart of the game.

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What does it mean that apocalyptic adventure takes place in the countryside of England? To capture the horrifying dignity of ’70s public relations films about playing Triffids, Daemons, or Frisbee near an electric substation, you need more than a quaint cottage with local accents. But the fact that we have a survival adventure in the Lake District is something that excites us as its beautiful, supernaturally recharged environment.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Check out the Best DJ Headphones for Bass Lovers, Inspired by DJ Paulette and Carl Craig

aSk what the most important kit of SK Any DJ is. Whether you play a laptop, CDJS, or deck, a decent pair of headphones is a portal for mixes and is a key element to getting right.


Fortunately, we have put together some of the world’s best selectors to help them faithfully and faithfully evangelize the gospel, from trusted professional brands to traditional one-year models. That very important bass.


My favorite headphones DJ


Sennheiser HD 25

129 lbs at Sennheiser


£117 on Amazon

I love bass, bass, bass, bass. I first bought these headphones in 1993 and currently use the HD 25-C-II model. They are perfect for people with small heads and ears that require fat bottom ends and crystal clear monitoring. Sound must have the ability to push away the noise of festival spaces, yet be accurate in a quieter, more intimate environment, and Sennheiser’s small closed ear cups provide the best sound isolation.

They had to work hard, and each set was repeatedly shot from my head repeatedly, and a 3M spiral cable (or curly pigtail extension cable, as I’m calling it nostalgic) was an essential lifeline . It gives me a huge range of movements. And did I say they’re hammering? They may look cheap and plastic, but it’s hard to beat the build, and every part is interchangeable. They are tired and hardworking. DJ Polett


reloop rhp-10 things

£57 at Toman
£59 on Amazon


I’ve been away from lollipops for a long time, as these one headphones were always considered New York’s. Everyone was following Larry Levan. You love Jimi Hendrix, so you’re going to buy a Fender Stratocaster. If you love basketball, you’ll be wearing anything LeBron James wears. Larry was the superstar DJ of the day, and everyone followed. But I’m from Detroit.

However, one of the main reasons I started using lollipops has to do with protecting my hearing. Most of our DJs play too loudly, not just the booth, but also to hear us queue. They were hurting my ears when my headphones were always tied to my head. With Lollipop, I don’t always have to have it. Often I hold it in my hand.

I use reloops because they are inexpensive and utilitarian. You don’t have to look sexy. I haven’t taken him to dinner. Let’s look like a hammer. It doesn’t have to be titanium, it needs to work. I have some $2,000 headphones, and I can get on stage and everyone will think, “Oh, he’s so great with those headphones on.” But no, reloops do their job. I don’t care anything else. Carl Craig


Technology EAH-DJ1200

£139 on discdjstore
169 pounds on Amazon

Headphones are probably the most important thing to make DJs right. I have been using these technologies for over 20 years. This is the same as the legendary turntable. The bass sounds really well through them, and I rarely take them off. Move your headphones past your ears and over your head to listen to the monitor. They are not too bulky and are good value for money. The only downside is that the leather headband can sweat when the club temperature gets hot in the summer. But that hasn’t stopped me from wearing them for most of my career. Seveno

Source: www.theguardian.com

Summer in the City: A Montreal Adventure Inspired by Amélie

H
How can we make drawing fun for people who don’t have any artistic talent? Game developers have come up with a few answers, or at least they’ve tried. There’s the straightforward approach, like Mario Paint. There, players are given a mouse accessory and a creation tool similar to Microsoft Paint, Okami sees painter’s brushes used as weapons and magic wands in a Zelda-like world, and The Unfinished Swan sees the world (and story) slowly revealed to them by the player’s splattered ink.

Été, an upcoming painting game, aims to give players the feeling that they are making the world more beautiful than the process of putting a picture on a canvas. The game makes painting a breeze. “Like many games, Été uses role-playing to realize a fantasy – the fantasy of being a painter – by assuming that the player’s avatar is already a talented painter,” says creative director Lazlo Bonin. “Painting in Été isn’t about skill, it’s about creativity and fun.”

Bonin was born and raised in Montreal, Canada, where the game is set. He loved the city’s beautiful summers. “After months of harsh winter, the city suddenly comes alive during this season, and everyone seems to try to enjoy the moment as much as possible,” he says. Été is French for both “summer” and “something that’s gone by,” expressing the nostalgic, rose-tinted memories of childhood summers.

The game didn’t originally start out as a painting game; it became one because it seemed the most natural way to tell a story surrounded by nostalgic beauty. The mishmash of aesthetic influences includes the 1998 French children’s game “Uncle Ernest’s Secret Album,” which inspired Eté’s canvas designs, and the film “Amelie,” which influenced the game’s atmosphere. Bonin calls the game a “celebration of the bliss of the everyday” in an “ideal city.”

In Été, painting is fun because it’s a means to explore and understand the environment around you. As players walk through the city, they beautifully paint their surroundings. Think Super Mario Sunshine with a water gun to remove dirt, but in reverse. “By using paint, we’ve made walking and exploring active instead of passive,” Bonin says. “You need to paint to reveal the shapes and colors of the world around you. This makes you pay much more attention to your surroundings than if the world was already revealed and colored for you.”

Été’s canvas also offers more creative freedom, functioning more like a simpler art tool, letting you paint whatever you want, and Bonin says the game’s 2D creation tools, shown off in the pre-release demo, have already inspired some highly detailed artwork.

Bonin hopes that the game’s focus on finding beauty in everyday places will inspire a similar impulse in the real world. “A close friend once told me that Été is a game of ‘seeing, not seeing, and listening, not hearing,'” Bonin says. And what better time for the release than the middle of a Montreal summer?

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Source: www.theguardian.com

Paleontologist refutes theory that Protoceratops fossils inspired griffin myth

One of the most widely publicized examples of fossil legends is the Central Asian ceratopsid and Protoceratops And that GriffinA mythical creature that combines the characteristics of a lion and a bird and protects gold. This earth myth was first proposed in the 1990s. Protoceratops Fossils were transported west along trade routes from the gold mines of Asia, spreading griffin lore among the ancient Greeks. ProtoceratopsBut Griffin Link finds that unconvincing.

of Protoceratops-The geomyth of the griffin. The idea that horned dinosaur fossils in Mongolia inspired the myth of the griffin, an ancient chimera of bird and lion according to conventional archaeologists, is one of the most popular and publicized examples of fossil folklore in modern times. The idea was first proposed in the early 1990s but has received little academic scrutiny. Image credit: Whitton others., doi: 10.1177/03080188241255543.

The specific link between dinosaur fossils and the griffin myth was proposed more than 30 years ago in a series of papers and books written by folklorist Adrienne Mayolle.

these are, 1989 Cryptozoology paper Qualified'Palaeocryptozoology: A call for collaboration between classicists and cryptozoologists',and The groundbreaking book from 2000,The first fossil hunter.

This is because early ceratopsians in Mongolia and China ProtoceratopsIt was discovered by ancient nomads searching for gold in Central Asia.

story Protoceratops The bones then traveled along trade routes to the Southwest, influencing griffin stories and art.

Griffins are one of the oldest mythological creatures, first appearing in Egyptian and Middle Eastern art in the 4th millennium BC and becoming popular in Ancient Greece in the 8th century BC.

Protoceratops This is a 2-metre-long dinosaur that lived in Mongolia and northern China during the Cretaceous Period, 75 to 71 million years ago.

Like Griffin, Protoceratops It stood on all fours, had a beak, and had frill-like protrusions on its skull which some have argued could be interpreted as wings.

In the first detailed assessment of the claims, Mark Whitton of the University of Portsmouth and his colleagues looked at the historical fossil record, Protoceratops Fossils and classical sources related to griffins ProtoceratopsTo fully understand the non-traditional, fossil-based views of the griffin's origins, we consulted historians and archaeologists. Ultimately, we found that none of the arguments stood up to scrutiny.

idea Protoceratops For example, it is unlikely to be discovered by nomads searching for gold. Protoceratops Fossils have been found hundreds of kilometers away from ancient gold mines.

A century has passed since then. Protoceratops Although it was found, there have been no reports of gold buried alongside it.

Also, nomads Protoceratops Even if gold miners search for the area where the fossils were found, they will not find the skeleton.

“The hypothesis is that the dinosaur skeletons were found semi-exposed and left as if they were the remains of a recently dead animal,” Dr Whitton said.

“But generally speaking, only small parts of eroded dinosaur skeletons are visible to the naked eye and would likely go unnoticed by anyone but the most eagle-eyed fossil hunters.”

“It is almost certain that ancient peoples roaming Mongolia would have encountered it. Protoceratops. “

“We need to look further into these animals to develop a mythology, which will require us to extract fossils from the surrounding rocks.”

“Even with modern tools, adhesives, protective packaging and preparation techniques, it's no easy task.”

“probably Protoceratops The ruins have generally gone unnoticed – even though the gold miners were there and saw them.”

Similarly, the geographic spread of griffin art throughout history is not consistent with a scenario in which griffin lore originated from fossils in Central Asia and then spread westward. Protoceratops Fossils in ancient literature.

Protoceratops Its only resemblance to a griffin is that it is a quadruped with a beak. Griffin art lacks details that would suggest it was based on fossils; instead, it is clear that many griffins were modeled after features of modern cats and birds.

“Everything about the griffin's origins is consistent with the traditional interpretation that it is a mythical beast, and its appearance is perfectly explained by being a chimera between a big cat and a bird of prey,” Dr Whitton said.

“It evokes the role of dinosaurs in griffin lore, particularly species from faraway lands. Protoceratopsnot only introduces unnecessary complexity and contradictions into its origins, but also relies on interpretations and proposals that do not stand up to scrutiny.”

“It's important to distinguish between fact-based fossil folklore – links between fossils and myths that are attested to by archaeological finds or compelling references in literature and artwork – and connections that are speculative and based on intuition,” said Dr Richard Hing from the University of Portsmouth.

Team paper Published in this week's journal Interdisciplinary Science Review.

_____

Mark P. Whitton othersThe horned dinosaur Protoceratops Inspire Griffin? Interdisciplinary Science ReviewPublished online June 20, 2024; doi: 10.1177/03080188241255543

Source: www.sci.news

Intel reveals largest neuromorphic computer inspired by the brain at Hala Point

Hala Point neuromorphic computer is powered by Intel’s Loihi 2 chip

Intel Corporation

Intel has developed the world’s largest neuromorphic computer, a device that aims to mimic the behavior of the human brain. The company hopes to be able to run more advanced AI models than traditional computers can run, but experts say the device will not be able to compete with, let alone surpass, the cutting-edge. says there are engineering hurdles to overcome.

Expectations for neuromorphic computers are high because they are inherently different from traditional machines. While regular computers use a processor to perform operations and store data in separate memory, neuromorphic devices use artificial neurons for both storage and calculation, similar to our brains. To do. This eliminates the need to pass data between components, which can be a bottleneck in today’s computers.

This architecture has the potential to result in much greater energy efficiency, and Intel says its new Hala Point neuromorphic computer will solve an optimization problem that involves finding an optimal solution to a problem given certain constraints. It claims to use 100 times less energy than traditional machines when running. It also trains and runs AI models that use chains of neurons, similar to how a real brain processes information, rather than mechanically passing input through each layer of artificial neurons as in current models. New methods may also become possible.

Hala Point contains 1.15 billion artificial neurons across 1152 Loihi 2 chips, capable of 380 trillion synaptic operations per second. mike davis Despite this power, Intel says it takes up only six racks of space in a standard server case, which is about as much space as a microwave oven. Larger machines will also be possible, Davis said. “We built a system of this scale because, honestly, one billion neurons was a good number,” he says. “So there were no special technical engineering challenges that would cause us to stop at this level.”

No other existing machine can match Harapoint’s scale, but Deep South, a neuromorphic computer due for completion later this year, is said to be capable of 228 trillion synaptic operations per second.

The Loihi 2 chip is still a prototype that Intel has produced in small numbers, but Davis said the real bottleneck is the processing required to take a real-world problem, translate it into a format that can run on a neuromorphic computer, and run it. It is said to be in the software layer. process. This process, like neuromorphic computing in general, is still in its infancy. “Software is a big limiting factor,” he says. That means there’s still little point in building a large machine.

Intel has suggested that machines like Hala Point could create AI models that continuously learn, rather than having to be trained from scratch to learn new tasks like current models do. Masu.but james knight Researchers at the University of Sussex in the UK dismissed this as “hype”.

Knight points out that current models like ChatGPT are trained using graphics cards running in parallel, which means many chips can be used to train the same model. But since neuromorphic computers operate on a single input and cannot be trained in parallel, it could take decades to even initially train something like ChatGPT on such hardware. He says it’s expensive, let alone come up with a way to enable continuous learning once it’s up and running.

Although current neuromorphic hardware is not suitable for training large-scale AI models from scratch, Davis said that one day pre-trained models could be used to learn new tasks over time. He said he hopes it will be possible. “Although this method is still in the research phase, this is a kind of continuous learning problem that large-scale neuromorphic systems like Hala Point can solve in a very efficient way in the future. “It’s considered,” he says.

Knight said neuromorphic computers could solve many other computer science problems as the tools needed for developers to write software for these problems to run on their own hardware become more mature. We are optimistic that we can improve this and increase efficiency at the same time.

It may also offer a better path toward human-level intelligence, also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), although many AI experts believe that large-scale language models that power things like ChatGPT I think it’s impossible. “I think it’s becoming less and less of a controversial opinion,” Knight says. “The dream is that one day neuromorphic computing will allow us to create brain-like models.”

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Exploring a Different Path: My Late-Life Gender Transition Inspired by an App | Autobiography and Memoir

Until February 28th
and March 1st
In 2021, I sent the following text as an email attachment to others:
30 people I thought were closest
friend.
The subject was:
: “It's a bomb.” I grinned at the unintentional pun and wondered if there were other people out there who would do the same. The title was simply “Lucy”.


TOn February 16th, when I downloaded FaceApp for a laugh, he burst out. I tried this application a few years ago, but something went wrong and it returned images that failed horribly. But I had a new phone, so I was curious. The gender swap feature was the biggest takeaway for me, and the first photo I used this feature on was one I had tried before. This time, it gave me a frontal portrait of a middle-aged woman who is strong, healthy, and living a clean life. She also had beautiful flowing chestnut hair and very subtle makeup. And her face was mine. There's no question about it – her nose, mouth, eyes, forehead, chin. she was me When I saw her, I felt something melt in her core. It shook from her shoulders to her crotch. I thought I had finally arrived at my calculation.

Soon, I was entering all my portraits, snapshots, and ID card photos into the magical gender portal. The first archival photo I tried was a studio portrait of an anxious, awkward teenage girl, around the same time as my first memory of gazing into the mirror and having my hair and expression styled like a girl's. The result of the transformation was the revelation of a happy girl. Other than her long black hair, little was done to transform her into Lucy. The biggest difference was how relaxed she looked.

And that's pretty much how it turned out. I was having a lot of fun as a girl in that parallel life. I passed through every era through the machine and experienced one shock of recognition after another. That would have been exactly me. Oddly enough, the app seemed to be guessing at my hairstyle and fashion choices at the time. And the less the images changed, the deeper they drove the dagger into my heart. It could be me! Fifty years are underwater, and I can't get them back.

My high school graduation portrait turned out to be an incredibly delicate almond-eyed fawn (admittedly 17 years old was the pinnacle of my beauty, perhaps that's why my male incubus soon That's probably why he grew a beard). Ten or twelve years later (unfortunately, there are very few photos of me in my 20s; I've always been camera-shy), I was a Lower East Side post-punk radical with a Dutch-boy bob and a pout. I'm a lesbian feminist.here i am sports illustrated Junkett, 33, of Arizona, looked modest in a red polka dot dress and white sweater.

There are many reasons why I suppressed my lifelong desire to become a woman. First of all, it was impossible. My parents would have called a priest and sent me to some convent. And of course the culture wasn't ready.I knew about Christine Jorgensen. [the first person widely known in the US for having gender reassignment therapy] When I was quite young, however, she seemed to be an isolated case. Most of the time, what you encountered were raunchy jokes by Las Vegas comedians and the occasional provocative tabloid article. I kept searching for images and stories of girls like me, but without much success.

Over the years, I have consumed a tremendous amount of material on transgender issues, from clinical research to personal reports, journalistic exposure, and pornography. However, there isn't much porn. It disgusted me. I researched this topic in depth, just like I did for the other books, but I had to keep all my notes in my head.

I immediately got rid of all the materials because I was afraid people would see them. Before browsers allowed anonymous searches, I used to clear the search memory on my computer every day. You may be wondering why I felt the need to go so far. Long story short, my mother regularly raided my room, read my handwriting, and scrutinized every print for possible sexual innuendos. I relayed that warning to my friends, who were also left with the idea that women would be disgusted and repulsed by my transgender identity. Most of them would probably have been sympathetic. where did you get that? This may be because as an only child of orphaned immigrants, I didn't have many female friends until my late teens, and I didn't have any female friends until I was 17.

Needless to say, I was terrible at sex. I didn't know how to act like a man in bed. I wanted to see myself as a woman in the act of love, but I had to suppress that desire while at the same time trying seriously to please my partner (because, at least at first, I almost never slept with someone I didn't love).

I was never attracted to men, but I spent enough time in gay environments in the 70s to convince me of that. During adolescence and beyond, I didn't know how to construct a masculine identity. I hated sports, stupid jokes, chugging beer, and men talking about women. My image of hell was a night with a bunch of guys. Over the years, by necessity, I have come across as saturnine, intelligent, a little aloof, a little wolfish, perhaps “eccentric” and, despite my best intentions, very close to asexual. I created a male persona.

Another reason for my repression was the feeling that if I changed my gender, it would erase everything else I wanted to do in life. I wanted to be an important writer and I didn't want to be pigeonholed into a category. If I were transgender, that fact would be the only thing anyone would know about me. Over the years, transgender people have become increasingly visible in the media, and coverage has become a little less cruel. I lived in New York City, so I saw a lot of transgender people. I had been friends with photographer Nan Goldin for a while, but he never spoke to me, even though I'm sure he would have understood what I was saying.

Sometimes I would hear rumors about this or that person being “dressed up,” and as a result, I became forever uncomfortable in their presence – out of envy, of course. My office in the late '80s and early '90s was located a block away from Tompkins Square Park in the East Village, where I attended Wigstock, the annual Labor Day drag festival. I never looked into it. It was also half a block away from the Pyramid Club, which was the epicenter of New York's drug scene at the time, but I've never been there either. At the time, there was a black menu board on the sidewalk outside the club that read, “Drink and Be Merry.” I shivered every time I passed there.

I was scared to face what I was facing now. I wanted to be a woman with every fiber of my being, and even though that thought was pasted on my windshield, I still trained myself to do it and see through it. Now that the floodgates have opened, I’m falling in love with the idea in a new way. The first time I uploaded a photo to her FaceApp, I felt my core melt into liquid. Now I feel a pillar of fire.

But that shouldn't mean steely determination. The idea of ​​transition is both infinitely fascinating and infinitely frightening. If you take and edit at least one selfie every day, your photos will feel more and more true to life. With a little makeup, some estrogen, and a really nice wig, I could probably look exactly like that. But will the fact that I can't grow my hair make me feel like a fake forever? And he will be 67 years old soon. What if I look grotesque? Or am I just pathetic?

It's a big decision that affects every aspect of my life. As a result, will you accidentally destroy something important in your life? I'm hoping that some situation will force me to migrate. Maybe my therapist is saying it's important for my sanity. Anyway, I'm going to start here by writing it down – something I've never done before – and sending it to a very small number of people I trust and think will understand. My name is Lucy Marie Santé, just one letter added to my dead name.
February 26, 2021




Luc Santé before the transition, photographed in New York in 2015. Photo: Courtesy of Lucie Santé.Tim Knox/The Guardian

TThe hat was written in a whirlwind. Every time I think about the chronology, I am amazed again. The first manifestation of her FaceApp occurred on his February 16th. Ten days later, I came out to my therapist, Dr. G, and he didn't blink, just told me he thought transitioning was a logical and good idea. The next evening, after I finished writing the letter, I came out to my partner Mimi, which was the hardest thing
for them to do. And the next day I came out to his son Rafael. The secret fortress I had spent nearly 60 years building and fortifying fell to pieces in a little over a week.

The response was immediate: emails, phone calls, text messages. There was a range, but everyone was kind. Some people said, “It's unexpected, but not surprising,'' “I'm surprised, but not surprising,'' and “It's shocking, but not.'' On the other side, there were several people who reacted as if they had been hit by a train. there was. Other method. They tend to be primarily men who, over the course of years of friendship, have come to think of me as a kind of mirror or double, and that reevaluating me means they need to reevaluate themselves. Did. All of the
people on the “not surprised” side were women, as were the three people who wrote that they had tears of happiness in their eyes after reading my letter.

Of course, I was prepared for some sort of backlash, expressed calmly and thoughtfully, but it never really came, either then or later. Most reactions were, “Yay, go for it, you'll do it.”

Well, as I write this article, I am about to enter my 18th month of hormone replacement therapy. I am legally Lucy, I identify as a woman, and I have feelings for everyone in my life, no matter how far away. I'm completely normal and the same person I've always been, but I'm also a completely different person. I feel more socially secure than ever before. I've gotten a lot of stares, but I've never felt any aggression. Because I'm not a threat. I'm old, white, and reasonably privileged.


I can honestly say I have never been happier. The shadow of me that once hid under the floorboards has finally taken up residence within myself. In fact, I feel free from the neuroses that have been bothering me all this time. Of course, you can and will get sad for a variety of reasons, but at least depression has been avoided for now. Of course, I wish I could have transitioned in my teens, twenties, or at an earlier age than I did, but in return I was left in peace and able to embrace my changes within the life I had already constructed. It has survived all eras. censorious
elders. I really like myself the way I am. I turned out better than I ever imagined, better than I feared.

I am more aware of others and find it much easier to take out emotional issues on others. In various situations, I often experience a kind of calmness, a general sense of correctness about the world. I no longer hate myself or feel sorry for who I am. I walk with pride. Thank you for using whatever force you had to crack my egg before it was too late. I was saved from drowning.

This is an edited excerpt I Heard Her Call My Name: A Memoir of Transition Written by Lucy Santé, published by Hutchinson Heinemann (£25). In order

Source: www.theguardian.com